TW202237802A - 難燃劑組成物,難燃性樹脂組成物及成形體 - Google Patents
難燃劑組成物,難燃性樹脂組成物及成形體 Download PDFInfo
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- TW202237802A TW202237802A TW110147138A TW110147138A TW202237802A TW 202237802 A TW202237802 A TW 202237802A TW 110147138 A TW110147138 A TW 110147138A TW 110147138 A TW110147138 A TW 110147138A TW 202237802 A TW202237802 A TW 202237802A
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- XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CAPOZRICGSDRLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2,3-dimethylphenyl) phosphate Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(OP(=O)(OC=2C(=C(C)C=CC=2)C)OC=2C(=C(C)C=CC=2)C)=C1C CAPOZRICGSDRLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MGMXGCZJYUCMGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(4-nonylphenyl) phosphite Chemical compound C1=CC(CCCCCCCCC)=CC=C1OP(OC=1C=CC(CCCCCCCCC)=CC=1)OC1=CC=C(CCCCCCCCC)C=C1 MGMXGCZJYUCMGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本發明係提供具備優異的難燃性,同時,粉塵抑制性與粉體流動性之平衡優異的難燃劑組成物,使用此之難燃性樹脂組成物,及其成形體。
本發明之難燃劑組成物,其係含有通式(1)或(2)表示之磷酸鹽化合物之中1種以上的難燃劑組成物。
難燃劑組成物之疏充填體積密度為d(g/cm
3),難燃劑組成物之體積基準之粒徑分布中之累積10%粒徑為D
10(μm),累積50%粒徑為D
50(μm)時,d,D
10及D
50滿足0.030≦d/(D
50-D
10)≦0.110。
Description
本發明係有關具備優異的難燃性,同時,粉塵抑制性與粉體流動性之平衡優異的難燃劑組成物,使用此之難燃性樹脂組成物,及其成形體。
合成樹脂由於具有優異機械性質與方便性之高度,在寬廣領域使用,是現代生活不可或缺的素材。而合成樹脂大部分為可燃性物質,因用途,為了提高安全性,必須賦予難燃性。目前為止,提案各種對合成樹脂賦予難燃性的方法,例如,將專利文獻1記載之膨脹系難燃劑添加於合成樹脂的方法為人所知。
此外,關於此膨脹系難燃劑,提案改良粉體特性或各種特性的方法。例如,專利文獻2提案具備優異難燃性,同時可抑制粉塵之發生,且具備良好保存安定性的難燃劑組成物。又,專利文獻3提案具備優異難燃性,同時可抑制粉塵之發生,且也可抑制燃燒時之煙之發生的難燃劑組成物。
先前技術文獻
專利文獻
專利文獻1:日本特開2003-026935號公報
專利文獻2:國際公開第2016/125612號公報
專利文獻3:國際公開第2019/009340號公報
發明所欲解決之課題
但是過度抑制粉塵之發生時,會發生粉體流動性降低之新的問題。難燃劑組成物之粉體流動性降低時,因加工機之粉體供給裝置內之阻塞等導致生產性降低,或混合於樹脂組成物中時之分散不良所致之性能惡化等的疑慮升高。對此,專利文獻1~3未記載也未暗示,以往的難燃劑組成物,對於兼具粉塵飛散之抑制與良好之粉體流動性,仍有改良的餘地。
因此,本發明之目的係提供具備優異難燃性,同時粉塵抑制性與粉體流動性之平衡優異的難燃劑組成物、使用此之難燃性樹脂組成物,及其成形體。
用以解決課題之手段
本發明人等為了解決上述課題,而精心檢討的結果,發現在使用特定之磷酸鹽化合物的難燃劑組成物中,藉由將疏充填體積密度(Aerated Bulk Density)與粒徑分布寬之比率設為特定的範圍內,除了優異的難燃性外,可兼具粉塵飛散之抑制與良好之粉體流動性,遂完成本發明。
亦即,依據本發明時,可提供一種難燃劑組成物,其係含有下述通式(1)或下述通式(2)表示之磷酸鹽化合物中之1種以上的難燃劑組成物,其中前述難燃劑組成物的疏充填體積密度為d(g/cm
3),前述難燃劑組成物之體積基準之粒徑分布中之累積10%粒徑為D
10(μm),累積50%粒徑為D
50(μm)時,d,D
10及D
50滿足下述式(I)。
0.030≦d/(D
50-D
10)≦0.110 ・・・(I)
通式(1-A)中,Z
1及Z
2各自獨立表示選自由-NR
11R
12基、羥基、巰基、碳原子數1~10之直鏈或支鏈之烷基、碳原子數1~10之直鏈或支鏈之烷氧基、苯基及乙烯基所構成群組中任一之基,R
11及R
12各自獨立表示氫原子、碳原子數1~6之直鏈或支鏈之烷基或羥甲基。
通式(2)中,n2表示1~100之數,Y
1表示
[R
21R
22N(CH
2)mNR
23R
24]、哌嗪、或包含哌嗪環之二胺,R
21、R
22、R
23及R
24各自獨立表示氫原子或碳原子數1~5之直鏈或支鏈之烷基,m表示1~10之整數,q表示滿足0<q≦n2+2之數。
本發明之難燃劑組成物,較佳為d滿足下述式(II)。
0.20≦d≦0.80 ・・・(II)。
本發明之難燃劑組成物,較佳為含有X
1為三聚氰胺之前述通式(1)表示之前述磷酸鹽化合物。
又,本發明之難燃劑組成物,較佳為含有Y
1為哌嗪之前述通式(2)表示之前述磷酸鹽化合物。
進一步,本發明之難燃劑組成物,較佳為含有X
1為氨之前述通式(1)表示之前述磷酸鹽化合物。
又,本發明之難燃劑組成物,較佳為含有X
1為三聚氰胺之前述通式(1)表示之前述磷酸鹽化合物及Y
1為哌嗪之前述通式(2)表示之前述磷酸鹽化合物。
又,本發明之難燃劑組成物,較佳為含有n1為2之前述通式(1)表示之前述磷酸鹽化合物及n2為2之前述通式(2)表示之前述磷酸鹽化合物。
又,依據本發明時,可提供含有上述難燃劑組成物及熱塑性樹脂的難燃性樹脂組成物。
本發明之難燃性樹脂組成物,較佳為前述熱塑性樹脂含有聚烯烴系樹脂。
又,依據本發明時,可提供使用上述難燃性樹脂組成物而成的成形體。
「發明效果」
依據本發明時,可提供具備優異難燃性,同時粉塵抑制性與粉體流動性之平衡優異的難燃劑組成物、使用此之難燃性樹脂組成物,及其成形體。
以下,依據較佳之實施形態,詳細地說明本發明。
<難燃劑組成物>
本發明之難燃劑組成物,含有下述通式(1)或下述通式(2)表示之磷酸鹽化合物中之1種以上。
通式(1-A)中,Z
1及Z
2各自獨立表示選自由-NR
11R
12基、羥基、巰基、碳原子數1~10之直鏈或支鏈之烷基、碳原子數1~10之直鏈或支鏈之烷氧基、苯基及乙烯基所構成群組中任一之基,R
11及R
12各自獨立表示氫原子、碳原子數1~6之直鏈或支鏈之烷基或羥甲基。
通式(2)中,n2表示1~100之數,Y
1表示
[R
21R
22N(CH
2)mNR
23R
24]、哌嗪、或包含哌嗪環之二胺,R
21、R
22、R
23及R
24各自獨立表示氫原子或碳原子數1~5之直鏈或支鏈之烷基,m表示1~10之整數,q表示滿足0<q≦n2+2之數。
上述通式(1-A)中之Z
1及Z
2表示之碳原子數1~10之直鏈或支鏈之烷基,可列舉甲基、乙基、丙基、異丙基、丁基、第二丁基、第三丁基、異丁基、戊基、異戊基、第三戊基、新戊基、己基、環己基、庚基、異庚基、第三庚基、n-辛基、異辛基、第三辛基、2-乙基己基、壬基、癸基等。又,上述通式(1-A)中之Z
1及Z
2表示之碳原子數1~10之直鏈或支鏈之烷氧基,可列舉上述烷基所衍生之基。此外,上述通式(1-A)中之Z
1及Z
2可為之-NR
11R
12基中之R
11及R
12表示之碳原子數1~6之直鏈或支鏈之烷基,可列舉上述所列與之烷基之中之碳原子數1~6者。
上述通式(1-A)表示之三嗪衍生物之具體例,可列舉三聚氰胺、乙醯胍胺、苯胍胺、丙烯醯基胍胺、2,4-二胺基-6-壬基-1,3,5-三嗪、2,4-二胺基-6-羥基-1,3,5-三嗪、2-胺基-4,6-二羥基-1,3,5-三嗪、2,4-二胺基-6-甲氧基-1,3,5-三嗪、2,4-二胺基-6-乙氧基-1,3,5-三嗪、2,4-二胺基-6-丙氧基-1,3,5-三嗪、2,4-二胺基-6-異丙氧基-1,3,5-三嗪、2,4-二胺基-6-巰基-1,3,5-三嗪、2-胺基-4,6-二巰基-1,3,5-三嗪等。
上述通式(1)表示之化合物,可為單一的化合物,也可為縮合度或鹽之種類不同之2種以上的混合物。其中,較佳為含有X
1為三聚氰胺之上述通式(1)表示之磷酸鹽化合物,及X
1為氨之上述通式(1)表示之磷酸鹽化合物中之1種以上。又,上述磷酸鹽化合物,較佳為含有n1為2之上述通式(1)表示之焦磷酸鹽。將上述磷酸鹽化合物以混合物使用時,n1為2之上述通式(1)表示之焦磷酸鹽之含有比例越高越佳。藉此,可穩定地提高耐熱性。
上述通式(2)中,Y
1表示之化合物,可列舉[R
21R
22N(CH
2)mNR
23R
24]、哌嗪、或包含哌嗪環之二胺。R
21~R
24可相同或相異,表示氫原子、或碳原子數1~5之直鏈或支鏈之烷基。
上述R
21~R
24表示之碳原子數1~5之直鏈或支鏈之烷基,可列舉例如上述Z
1及Z
2表示之烷基之具體例所列舉者中之碳原子數1~5者。
上述包含哌嗪環之二胺,可列舉例如將哌嗪之2、3、5、6位之1處以上以烷基(較佳為碳原子數1~5者)取代之化合物;將哌嗪之1位及/或4位之胺基以烷基(較佳為碳原子數1~5者)取代的化合物。
上述通式(2)中之Y
1表示的化合物,具體而言,可列舉N,N,N’,N’-四甲基二胺基甲烷、乙二胺、N,N’-二甲基乙二胺、N,N’-二乙基乙二胺、N,N-二甲基乙二胺、N,N-二乙基乙二胺、N,N,N’,N’-四甲基乙二胺、N,N,N’,N’-四乙基乙二胺、1,2-丙二胺、1,3-丙二胺、丁二胺、戊二胺、己二胺、1,7-二胺基庚烷、1,8-二胺基辛烷、1,9-二胺基壬烷、1,10-二胺基癸烷、哌嗪、trans-2,5-二甲基哌嗪、1,4-雙(2-胺基乙基)哌嗪、1,4-雙(3-胺基丙基)哌嗪等。
上述通式(2)表示之化合物,可為單一的化合物,也可為縮合度或鹽之種類不同之2種以上的混合物。上述磷酸鹽化合物,較佳為包含Y
1為哌嗪之上述通式(2)表示的磷酸鹽化合物。又,上述磷酸鹽化合物,較佳為包含n2為2之上述通式(2)表示的焦磷酸鹽。將上述磷酸鹽化合物以混合物使用時,n2為2之焦磷酸鹽之含有比例,越高越佳。藉此,可穩定地提高耐熱性。
上述磷酸鹽化合物之製造方法,例如,如焦磷酸三聚氰胺之磷酸類與三聚氰胺之鹽係將焦磷酸鈉與三聚氰胺以任意比率混合後,加入鹽酸,使反應,以氫氧化鈉中和而得。又,例如,關於磷酸類與哌嗪之鹽係藉由將磷酸類與哌嗪以任意比率,在水中或甲醇水溶液中使反應,以水難溶性之沉澱容易得到。此時,原料之磷酸類之構成,無特別限定。又,上述通式(1)或上述通式(2)中之n1或n2為2以上的磷酸鹽化合物係可將n1或n2為1的正磷酸鹽(Orthophosphate)進行加熱縮合得到。
藉由以上,可得到上述磷酸鹽化合物。此等可單獨使用,也可組合2種以上使用。含有這種磷酸鹽化合物的難燃劑組成物,可將優異之難燃性賦予樹脂材料。
本發明之難燃劑組成物,就難燃性的觀點,較佳為含有上述通式(1)表示之磷酸鹽化合物及上述通式(2)表示之磷酸鹽化合物之兩者。
特別是較佳為X
1為三聚氰胺之上述通式(1)表示之磷酸鹽化合物與Y
1為哌嗪之上述通式(2)表示之磷酸鹽化合物併用。又,較佳為n1為2之上述通式(1)表示之磷酸鹽化合物與n2為2之上述通式(2)表示之磷酸鹽化合物併用。
本發明之難燃劑組成物中,含有上述通式(1)表示之磷酸鹽化合物及上述通式(2)表示之磷酸鹽化合物之兩者時之含有比例,就難燃性的觀點,以前者與後者之質量比,較佳為20:80~60:40,更佳為25:75~55:45,又更佳為30:70~50:50。
又,如前述,依據本發明人等之檢討時,發現難燃劑組成物之體積密度會影氧粉塵之飛散性。
一般,粉體之體積密度越小,粉塵飛散性越高。但是本發明人等之檢討結果,意外發現含有上述特定之磷酸鹽化合物之本發明之難燃劑組成物,顯示與此相反的結果。亦即,得知難燃劑組成物之疏充填體積密度越大時,難燃劑組成物之飛散性越大。
依據此見解,本發明人等進一步精心檢討的結果,藉由將難燃劑組成物之疏充填體積密度與粒徑分布寬之比率設為特定值以上,且特定值以下,得知可兼具難燃劑組成物之粉塵飛散之抑制與良好之粉體流動性。亦即,僅抑制粉體之粉塵飛散性時,對粉體流動性有不良影響的疑慮,但是本發明人等檢討的結果,藉由將疏充填體積密度與粒徑分布寬之比率適切設定,得知可兼具粉塵飛散之抑制與良好的粉體流性。
因此,依據這種本發明之難燃劑組成物時,粉塵飛散被抑制,可抑制因粉塵之作業環境的惡化。又,依據本發明之難燃劑組成物時,可發揮良好的粉體流動性,故對生產性或與樹脂材料混合時之分散性不會不良影響。
本發明之難燃劑組成物係該難燃劑組成物的疏充填體積密度為d(g/cm3),體積基準之粒徑分布中之累積10%粒徑為D
10(μm),累積50%粒徑為D
50(μm)時,d,D
10及D
50滿足下述式(I)者。
0.030≦d/(D
50-D
10)≦0.110 ・・・(I)
上述式(I)中,d/((D
50-D
10)之下限值為0.030以上,較佳為0.035以上,更佳為0.040以上。藉此,可提高粉體流動性。又,上述式(I)中,d/((D
50-D
10)之上限值為0.110以下,較佳為0.107以下,更佳為0.103以下。藉此,可抑制過度的粉塵飛散。
在此,疏充填體積密度d係指使粉體自然落下之狀態的填充密度。疏充填體積密度之測定,例如,在特定之100cm
3圓柱形容器中,自該容器的上部開口端落下粉末組成物之適量,進行疏填充,測量填充之質量(g)之及讀取容量(cm
3),可算出每容量(cm
3)之該粉末組成物的質量(g)而求得。疏充填體積密度,可使用市售之粉體特性測定裝置進行測量。
又,難燃劑組成物之體積基準之粒徑分布中之累積10%粒徑D
10及累積50%粒徑D
50,例如將難燃劑組成物分散於甲醇中,進行超音波處理者,藉由使用雷射繞射・散射式粒度分布測定裝置測量可求得。
本發明之難燃劑組成物,較佳為疏充填體積密度d之值滿足下述式(II)。
0.20≦d≦0.80 ・・・(II)
上述式(II)中,d之下限值為0.20以上,較佳為0.25以上,更佳為0.30以上。藉此,可提高粉體流動性。而d之上限值為0.80以下,較佳為0.70以下,更佳為0.60以下,又更佳為0.55以下,特佳為0.50以下。藉此,可抑制過度之粉塵飛散。
上述疏充填體積密度d、累積10%粒徑D
10及累積50%粒徑D
50,例如,可藉由適切選擇粉碎或分級等之調製方法等控制。此等之中,例如,適切地選擇粉碎方法或粉碎時間等之粉碎條件,粗大粒子之削減等之分級條件,摻合條件等,上述之d、D
10及D
50設定為所期望之數值範圍之要素。又,上述之d、D
10及D
50係藉由適切地選擇將表面處理之有無或表面處理劑,也可控制。這種表面處理劑,可列舉後述之表面處理劑、粉塵抑制劑、滑劑等。
上述粉碎用之粉碎手段,可列舉例如乳鉢、球磨機、棒磨機(rod mill)、管式磨機(Tube mil)、圓錐磨機(Conical mills)、振動球磨機、希斯文離心球磨機(hyswing ball mill)、輥磨機(roller mill)、角柱式研磨機、錘磨機(Hammer mill)、碾磨機(attrition mill)、噴射磨機、微粉碎機(Jetmizer)、超微粉碎機(micronizer)、高壓均質機(NanoMizer)、馬杰磨(majac mil)、微衝撃式粉碎機、膠體磨、普雷邁爾膠體磨(premier colloid mill)、微粉磨機(micron mill)、查洛特膠體磨(Charlotte colloid mill)、旋切機(rotary cutter)、乾式媒體攪拌磨、衝撃型超微粉碎機、行星式磨機、珠磨機、微珠磨機、磨碎機(attritor)、壓碎輥(crushing roll)等。此等之粉碎手段,可單獨使用或組合2種以上使用。
上述分級手段,可列舉例如網篩分級、慣性分級、離心分級之乾式分級或沉降分級之濕式分級等。使用內藏分級機能之粉碎機,可同時粉碎與分級。
本發明之難燃劑組成物為複數成分的混合物時,可將各構成成分粉碎或經由分級等之調製步驟後進行混合,也可將各構成成分混合後,進行粉碎或分級等之調製步驟。
本發明之難燃劑組成物,可含有助劑。
上述助劑,可列舉難燃助劑、滴落防止助劑、加工助劑等。
上述難燃助劑,可含有金屬氧化物或多元醇化合物。藉此,可提高樹脂之難燃性。
上述金屬氧化物,可列舉氧化鈦、氧化鋅、氧化鈣、氧化鎂、氧化鋯、氧化鋇、二氧化錫、二氧化鉛、氧化銻、氧化鉬、氧化鎘等。此等可單獨使用,也可組合2種以上使用。藉此,可提高樹脂之難燃性。又,粉粒狀之難燃劑組成物中,可抑制凝聚發生。又,上述金屬氧化物之中,就難燃性的觀點,較佳為氧化鋅。
上述氧化鋅,可被表面處理,也可不被表面處理。上述氧化鋅,具體而言,可使用例如氧化鋅1種(三井金屬工業(股)製)、部分被膜型氧化鋅(三井金屬工業(股)製)、NANOFINE 50(平均粒徑0.02μm之超微粒子氧化鋅:堺化學工業(股)製)、NANOFINE K(平均粒徑0.02μm之矽酸鋅被膜的超微粒子氧化鋅:堺化學工業(股)製)等之市售品。
上述多元醇化合物為複數之羥基鍵結的化合物,可列舉例如季戊四醇、二季戊四醇、三季戊四醇、聚季戊四醇、新戊二醇、三羥甲基丙烷、二(三羥甲基丙烷)、1,3,5-三(2-羥基乙基)異氰脲酸酯(THEIC)、聚乙二醇、丙三醇、二丙三醇、鄰苯三酚、異麥芽酮糖醇、乳糖醇、山梨醣醇、紅蘚醇、木糖醇、木糖(xylose)、蔗糖(sucrose)、海藻糖(Trehalose)、肌醇、果糖、麥芽糖(maltose)、乳糖(Lactose)等。此等多元醇化合物之中,較佳為選自由季戊四醇、二季戊四醇、三季戊四醇、聚季戊四醇等之、季戊四醇及季戊四醇之縮合物所構成群組中之一種以上,特佳為二季戊四醇、季戊四醇之縮合物,最佳為二季戊四醇。又,較佳為使用THEIC及山梨醣醇。此等可單獨使用,也可組合2種以上使用。
上述滴落防止助劑,可列舉層狀矽酸鹽、氟系滴落防止助劑及矽氧橡膠類。藉此,可抑制樹脂燃燒時之滴落。
上述層狀矽酸鹽為層狀之矽酸鹽礦物,也可為天然或合成之任一者,無特別限定。上述層狀矽酸鹽,可列舉例如微晶高嶺石、皂石、水輝石、鋁膨潤石、矽鎂石、震脫石等之蒙脫石系黏土礦物或、蛭石、禾樂石、膨潤性雲母、滑石等。此等可單獨使用,也可組合2種以上使用。上述層狀矽酸鹽之中,就滴落防止的觀點,較佳為皂石或滑石,就價格等之經濟性的觀點,特佳為滑石。
上述層狀矽酸鹽,在層間也可具有陽離子。上述陽離子,也可為金屬離子,其一部分或全部,也可為有機陽離子、(四級)銨陽離子、鏻陽離子等之金屬離子以外的陽離子。
上述金屬離子,可列舉例如鈉離子、鉀離子、鈣離子、鎂離子、鋰離子、鎳離子、銅離子、鋅離子等。
上述有機陽離子或四級銨陽離子,可列舉例如月桂基三甲基銨陽離子、十八烷基三甲基銨陽離子、三辛基甲基銨陽離子、二(十八烷基)二甲基銨陽離子、二硬化牛脂二甲基銨陽離子、二(十八烷基)聯苄銨陽離子等。此等可單獨使用,也可組合2種以上使用。
上述氟系滴落防止助劑之具體例,可列舉例如聚四氟乙烯、聚偏二氟乙烯、聚六氟丙烯等之氟系樹脂或全氟甲磺酸鈉鹽、全氟-n-丁磺酸鉀鹽、全氟-t-丁磺酸鉀鹽、全氟辛磺酸鈉鹽、全氟-2-乙基己烷磺酸鈣鹽等之全氟烷烴磺酸鹼金屬鹽化合物或全氟烷烴磺酸鹼土金屬鹽等。其中,就滴落防止的觀點,較佳為聚四氟乙烯。此等可單獨使用,也可組合2種以上使用。
上述加工助劑,可適宜選擇自公知的加工助劑,也可包含丙烯酸系加工助劑。
上述丙烯酸系加工助劑,可列舉例如甲基甲基丙烯酸酯、乙基甲基丙烯酸酯、丁基甲基丙烯酸酯等之烷基甲基丙烯酸酯之均聚物或共聚物;上述烷基甲基丙烯酸酯與甲基丙烯酸酯、乙基丙烯酸酯、丁基丙烯酸酯等之烷基丙烯酸酯之共聚物;上述烷基甲基丙烯酸酯與苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯、乙烯基甲苯等之芳香族乙烯基化合物之共聚物;上述烷基甲基丙烯酸酯與丙烯腈、甲基丙烯腈等之乙烯基氰化合物等之共聚物等。此等可單獨使用,也可組合2種以上使用。
上述難燃劑組成物,也可包含表面處理劑。
上述表面處理劑,可列舉例如矽油或矽烷偶合劑等。藉由使用上述矽油,防止粉末狀之難燃劑組成物之凝聚,提高保存安定性及提高對合成樹脂之分散性。又,可改善耐水性。
上述矽油。只要是具有聚矽氧烷骨架之公知的矽油時,皆可使用。上述矽油可為具有直鏈之聚矽氧烷骨架的聚合物,也可為聚矽氧烷之側鏈全部為甲基,側鏈之一部分可具有苯基,側鏈之一部分也可具有氫。
矽油之例,可列舉聚矽氧烷之側鏈及末端全部為甲基的二甲基矽油、聚矽氧烷之側鏈及末端為甲基,且其側鏈之一部分為苯基的甲基苯基矽油、聚矽氧烷之側鏈及末端為甲基,且其側鏈之一部分為氫的甲基氫矽油等或此等之共聚物。此等之矽油,可藉由環氧基改性、胺基改性、羧基改性等,其一部分被改性。此等可單獨使用,也可組合2種以上使用。
矽油之中,就粉末狀之難燃劑組成物之凝聚防止、提高保存安定性及對合成樹脂之分散性提昇的觀點,較佳為二甲基矽油及甲基氫矽油,更佳為甲基氫矽油。
上述矽烷偶合劑,例如具有烯基之矽烷偶合劑,可列舉乙烯基三甲氧基矽烷、乙烯基三乙氧基矽烷、乙烯基三乙醯氧基矽烷、乙烯基三(2-甲氧基乙氧基)矽烷、乙烯基甲基二甲氧基矽烷、辛烯基三甲氧基矽烷、烯丙基三甲氧基矽烷、p-苯乙烯基三甲氧基矽烷等,具有丙烯醯基之矽烷偶合劑,可列舉3-丙烯醯氧基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、3-丙烯醯氧基丙基三乙氧基矽烷等,具有甲基丙烯醯基之矽烷偶合劑,可列舉3-甲基丙烯醯氧基丙基甲基二甲氧基矽烷、3-甲基丙烯醯氧基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、3-甲基丙烯醯氧基丙基甲基二乙氧基矽烷、3-甲基丙烯醯氧基丙基三乙氧基矽烷、甲基丙烯醯氧基辛基三甲氧基矽烷等,具有環氧基之矽烷偶合劑,可列舉2-(3,4-環氧基環己基)乙基三甲氧基矽烷、3-環氧丙氧基丙基甲基二甲氧基矽烷、3-環氧丙氧基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、3-環氧丙氧基丙基甲基二乙氧基矽烷、3-環氧丙氧基丙基三乙氧基矽烷、環氧丙氧基辛基三甲氧基矽烷等,具有胺基之矽烷偶合劑,可列舉N-2-(胺基乙基)-3-胺基丙基甲基二甲氧基矽烷、N-2-(胺基乙基)-3-胺基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、3-胺基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、3-胺基丙基三乙氧基矽烷、3-三乙氧基矽基-N-(1,3-二甲基-亞丁基)丙基胺、N-苯基-3-胺基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、N,N’-雙[3-(三甲氧基矽基)丙基]乙二胺、N-(乙烯基苄基)-2-胺基乙基-3-胺基丙基三甲氧基矽烷之鹽酸鹽等,具有異氰脲酸酯基之矽烷偶合劑,可列舉三-(三甲氧基矽基丙基)異氰脲酸酯,具有巰基之矽烷偶合劑,可列舉3-巰基丙基甲基二甲氧基矽烷、3-巰基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、3-巰基丙基三乙氧基矽烷等,具有脲基之矽烷偶合劑,可列舉3-脲基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、3-脲基丙基三乙氧基矽烷等,具有脲基(ureido)之矽烷偶合劑,可列舉雙(三乙氧基矽基丙基)四硫化物(sulfide),具有硫酯基之矽烷偶合劑,可列舉3-辛醯基硫-1-丙基三乙氧基矽烷,具有異氰酸酯基之矽烷偶合劑,可列舉3-異氰酸酯丙基三乙氧基矽烷、3-異氰酸酯丙基三甲氧基矽烷等。此等可單獨使用,也可組合2種以上使用。
此等之矽烷偶合劑之中,就提高難燃性或操作性,及防止粉末狀之難燃劑組成物之凝聚,提高保存安定性的觀點,較佳為具有環氧基之矽烷偶合劑,更佳為2-(3,4-環氧基環己基)乙基三甲氧基矽烷、3-環氧丙氧基丙基甲基二甲氧基矽烷、3-環氧丙氧基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、3-環氧丙氧基丙基甲基二乙氧基矽烷、3-環氧丙氧基丙基三乙氧基矽烷、環氧丙氧基辛基三甲氧基矽烷。
上述表面處理劑之添加方法,可列舉例如將粉粒狀之難燃劑組成物與表面處理劑進行混合的方法,將表面處理劑進行噴霧乾燥,添加・混合的方法等。又,上述表面處理劑藉由將構成難燃劑組成物之成分之一部分進行表面處理,可添加於難燃劑組成物。
上述難燃劑組成物,也可包含粉塵抑制劑。
上述粉塵抑制劑,可列舉脂肪族二羧酸醚酯化合物或上述矽烷偶合劑等。
上述脂肪族二羧酸醚酯化合物,也可包含下述通式(3)表示之化合物。藉此,可抑制粉粒狀之難燃劑組成物之粉塵。此等可單獨使用,也可組合2種以上使用。
上述通式(3)中,R
3表示之碳原子數1~6之烷基,可為直鏈之烷基,也可為支鏈之烷基,可列舉例如甲基、乙基、丙基、異丙基、丁基、異丁基、第二丁基、第三丁基、戊基、異戊基、第三戊基、己基等。就難燃性或特別是就操作性及保存安定性的觀點,R
3較佳為丁基。
又,上述通式(3)中,就難燃性或特別是就操作性及保存安定性的觀點,較佳為n3為2。此外,上述通式(3)中,就難燃性或特別是就操作性及保存安定性的觀點,較佳為m3為4。
上述難燃劑組成物,在不損害本發明效果的範圍,也可包含其他的成分。其他的成分,通常可使用為了熱塑性樹脂改質使用的添加劑,可列舉例如抗氧化劑、光安定劑、紫外線吸收劑、結晶核劑、透明化劑、可塑劑、滑劑、本發明之磷酸鹽化合物以外之其他的難燃劑、強化材、交聯劑、抗靜電劑、金屬皂、填充劑、防曇劑、抗滲色劑、螢光劑、防黴劑、殺菌劑、發泡劑、金屬不活性劑、脫模劑、顏料、染料等。此等可單獨使用,也可組合2種以上使用。
作為抗氧化劑,可列舉例如酚系抗氧化劑、亞磷酸酯系抗氧化劑、硫醚系抗氧化劑、其他的抗氧化劑等。
酚系抗氧化劑,可列舉例如2,6-二-第三丁基-p-甲酚、2,6-二苯基-4-十八基氧基苯酚、二(十八烷基)(3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苄基)膦酸酯、1,6-六亞甲基雙[(3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苯基)丙酸醯胺]、4,4’-硫代雙(6-第三丁基-m-甲酚)、2,2’-亞甲基雙(4-甲基-6-第三丁基苯酚)、2,2’-亞甲基雙(4-乙基-6-第三丁基苯酚)、4,4’-亞丁基雙(6-第三丁基-m-甲酚)、2,2’-亞乙基雙(4,6-二-第三丁基苯酚)、2,2’-亞乙基雙(4-第二丁基-6-第三丁基苯酚)、1,1,3-三(2-甲基-4-羥基-5-第三丁基苯基)丁烷、1,3,5-三(2,6-二甲基-3-羥基-4-第三丁基苄基)異氰脲酸酯、1,3,5-三(3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苄基)異氰脲酸酯、1,3,5-三(3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苄基)-2,4,6-三甲基苯、2-第三丁基-4-甲基-6-(2-丙烯醯氧基-3-第三丁基-5-甲基苄基)苯酚、十八烷基(3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苯基)丙酸酯、季戊四醇四[3-(3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苯基)丙酸酯]、硫二甘醇(thiodiethylene glycol)雙[(3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苯基)丙酸酯]、1,6-六亞甲基雙[(3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苯基)丙酸酯]、雙[3,3-雙(4-羥基-3-第三丁基苯基)丁酸(butyric acid)]乙二醇酯、雙[2-第三丁基-4-甲基-6-(2-羥基-3-第三丁基-5-甲基苄基)苯基]對苯二甲酸酯、1,3,5-三[(3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苯基)丙醯氧基乙基]異氰脲酸酯、3,9-雙[1,1-二甲基-2-{(3-第三丁基-4-羥基-5-甲基苯基)丙醯氧基}乙基]-2,4,8,10-四氧雜螺[5,5]十一烷、三乙二醇雙[(3-第三丁基-4-羥基-5-甲基苯基)丙酸酯]等。此等酚系抗氧化劑,可單獨使用1種,也可併用2種以上使用。
亞磷酸酯系抗氧化劑,可列舉例如三壬基苯基亞磷酸酯、三[2-第三丁基-4-(3-第三丁基-4-羥基-5-甲基苯硫基)-5-甲基苯基]亞磷酸酯、十三烷基亞磷酸酯、辛基二苯基亞磷酸酯、二癸基單苯基亞磷酸酯、雙(十三烷基)季戊四醇二亞磷酸酯、雙(壬基苯基)季戊四醇二亞磷酸酯、雙(2,4-二-第三丁基苯基)季戊四醇二亞磷酸酯、雙(2,6-二-第三丁基-4-甲基苯基)季戊四醇二亞磷酸酯、雙(2,4,6-三-第三丁基苯基)季戊四醇二亞磷酸酯、雙(2,4-二枯基苯基)季戊四醇二亞磷酸酯、四(十三烷基)異亞丙基二酚二亞磷酸酯、四(十三烷基)-4,4’-n-亞丁基雙(2-第三丁基-5-甲基苯酚)二亞磷酸酯、六(十三烷基)-1,1,3-三(2-甲基-4-羥基-5-第三丁基苯基)丁烷三亞磷酸酯、四(2,4-二-第三丁基苯基)亞聯苯基二亞膦酸酯(Phosphonite)、9,10-二氫-9-氧雜-10-磷雜菲-10-氧化物(phosphaphenanthrene 10-Oxide)、2,2’-亞甲基雙(4,6-第三丁基苯基)-2-乙基己基亞磷酸酯、2,2’-亞甲基雙(4,6-第三丁基苯基)-十八烷基亞磷酸酯、2,2’-亞乙基雙(4,6-二-第三丁基苯基)氟亞磷酸酯、三(2-[(2,4,8,10-四-第三丁基二苯並[d,f][1,3,2二磷環庚烷](dioxaphosphepin)-6-基)氧]乙基)胺、2-乙基-2-丁基丙二醇及2,4,6-三-第三丁基苯酚之亞磷酸酯等。此等亞磷酸酯系抗氧化劑,可單獨使用1種,也可併用2種以上使用。
作為硫醚系抗氧化劑,可列舉例如3,3’-硫二丙酸、烷基(C12-14)硫代丙酸、二(月桂基)-3,3’-硫二丙酸酯、3,3’-硫代雙丙酸二(十三烷基)、二(十四烷基)-3,3’-硫二丙酸酯、二(十八烷基)-3,3’-硫二丙酸酯、二(十八烷基)-3,3’-硫二丙酸酯、月桂基十八烷基硫二丙酸酯、四[亞甲基-3-(十二烷硫基)丙酸酯]甲烷、硫代雙(2-tert-丁基-5-甲基-4,1-伸苯基)雙(3-(十二烷硫基)丙酸酯)、2,2’-硫代二乙烯雙(3-胺基丁烯酸酯(butenoate))、4,6-雙(辛硫基甲基)-o-甲酚、2,2’-硫代二乙烯雙[3-(3,5-二-tert-丁基-4-羥基苯基)丙酸酯]、2,2’-硫代雙(4-甲基-6-tert-丁基苯酚)、2,2’-硫代雙(6-tert-丁基-p-甲酚)、2-乙基己基-(3,5-二-tert-丁基-4-羥基苄基)硫代乙酸酯、4,4’-硫代雙(6-tert-丁基-3-甲基苯酚)、4,4’-硫代雙(4-甲基-6-tert-丁基苯酚)、4,4’-[硫代雙(亞甲基)]雙(2-tert-丁基-6-甲基-1-羥基苄基)、雙(4,6-二-tert-丁基苯酚-2-基)硫醚、十三烷基-3,5-二-tert-丁基-4-羥基苄基硫代乙酸酯、1,4-雙(辛硫基甲基)-6-甲基苯酚、2,4-雙(十二烷基硫代甲基)-6-甲基苯酚、二(十八烷基)-二硫化物、雙(甲基-4-[3-n-烷基(C12/C14)硫代丙醯氧基]5-tert-丁基苯基)硫醚等。此等硫醚系抗氧化劑,可單獨使用1種,也可併用2種以上使用。
其他的抗氧化劑,可列舉例如N-苄基-α-苯基硝酮、N-乙基-α-甲基硝酮、N-辛基-α-庚基硝酮、N-月桂基-α-十一烷基硝酮、N-十四烷基-α-十三烷基硝酮、N-十六烷基-α-十五烷基硝酮、N-辛基-α-十七烷基硝酮、N-十六烷基-α-十七烷基硝酮、N-十八烷基-α-十五烷基硝酮、N-十七烷基-α-十七烷基硝酮、N-十八烷基-α-十七烷基硝酮等之硝酮化合物、3-芳基苯并呋喃-2(3H)-酮、3-(烷氧基苯基)苯并呋喃-2-酮、3-(醯氧基苯基)苯并呋喃-2(3H)-酮、5,7-二-tert-丁基-3-(3,4-二甲基苯基)-苯并呋喃-2(3H)-酮、5,7-二-tert-丁基-3-(4-羥基苯基)-苯并呋喃-2(3H)-酮、5,7-二-tert-丁基-3-{4-(2-羥基乙氧基)苯基}-苯并呋喃-2(3H)-酮、6-(2-(4-(5,7-二-tert-2-側氧-2,3-二氫苯并呋喃-3-基)苯氧基)乙氧基)-6-氧代己基-6-((6-羥基己醯基)氧)己酸酯、5-二-tert-丁基-3-(4-((15-羥基-3,6,9,13-四氧雜十五烷基)氧)苯基)苯并呋喃-2(3H)酮等之苯并呋喃化合物等。此等其他的抗氧化劑,可單獨使用1種,也可併用2種以上使用。
光安定劑,可列舉例如2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基硬脂酸酯、1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基硬脂酸酯、2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基苯甲酸酯、雙(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯、雙(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯、四(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-1,2,3,4-丁烷四羧酸鹽、四(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)-1,2,3,4-丁烷四羧酸鹽、雙(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)・雙(十三烷基)-1,2,3,4-丁烷四羧酸鹽、雙(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)・雙(十三烷基)-1,2,3,4-丁烷四羧酸鹽、雙(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)-2-丁基-2-(3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苄基)丙二酸酯、1-(2-羥基乙基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶醇(piperidinol)/琥珀酸二乙基聚縮合物、1,6-雙(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基胺基)己烷/2,4-二氯-6-嗎啉基-s-三嗪聚縮合物、1,6-雙(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基胺基)己烷/2,4-二氯-6-第三辛基胺基-s-三嗪聚縮合物、1,5,8,12-四[2,4-雙(N-丁基-N-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)胺基)-s-三嗪-6-基]-1,5,8,12-四氮雜十二烷、1,5,8,12-四[2,4-雙(N-丁基-N-(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)胺基)-s-三嗪-6-基]-1,5,8-12-四氮雜十二烷、1,6,11-三[2,4-雙(N-丁基-N-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)胺基)-s-三嗪-6-基]胺基十一烷、1,6,11-三[2,4-雙(N-丁基-N-(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)胺基)-s-三嗪-6-基]胺基十一烷、雙(2,2,6,6-四甲基-1-辛氧基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯(decanedioate)、雙(2,2,6,6-四甲基-1-十一烷氧基哌啶-4-基)碳酸酯、2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基甲基丙烯酸酯、1,2,3,4-丁烷四羧酸、2,2-雙(羥基甲基)-1,3-丙二醇及3-羥基-2,2-二甲基丙醛之聚合物、1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基酯、1,3-雙(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)2,4-二(十三烷基)苯-1,2,3,4,四羧酸鹽、雙(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯、聚[[6-[(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)胺基]-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4-二基][(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)亞胺基]]-1,6-己二基[(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)亞胺基]]])、BASF公司製TINUVIN NOR371等。此等光安定劑,可單獨使用1種,也可併用2種以上使用。
紫外線吸收劑,可列舉例如2,4-二羥基二苯甲酮、2-羥基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮、2-羥基-4-辛氧基二苯甲酮、5,5’-亞甲基雙(2-羥基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮)等之2-羥基二苯甲酮類;2-(2’-羥基-5’-甲基苯基)苯並三唑、2-(2’-羥基-3’,5’-二-第三丁基苯基)-5-氯苯並三唑、2-(2’-羥基-3’-第三丁基-5’-甲基苯基)-5-氯苯並三唑、2-(2’-羥基-5’-第三辛基苯基)苯並三唑、2-(2’-羥基-3’,5’-二枯基苯基)苯並三唑、2,2’-亞甲基雙(4-第三辛基-6-(苯並三唑基(benzotriazolyl))苯酚)、2-(2’-羥基-3’-第三丁基-5’-羧基苯基)苯并三唑等之2-(2’-羥基苯基)苯并三唑類;苯基水楊酸酯、間苯二酚單苯甲酸酯、2,4-二-第三丁基苯基-3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苯甲酸酯、2,4-二-第三戊基苯基-3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苯甲酸酯、十六烷基-3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苯甲酸酯等之苯甲酸酯類;2-乙基-2’-乙氧基乙二醯苯胺、2-乙氧基-4’-十二烷基乙二醯苯胺(oxanilide)等之取代乙二醯苯胺類;乙基-α-氰基-β、β-二苯基丙烯酸酯、甲基-2-氰基-3-甲基-3-(p-甲氧基苯基)丙烯酸酯等之氰基丙烯酸酯類;2-(2-羥基-4-辛氧基苯基)-4,6-雙(2,4-二-第三丁基苯基)-s-三嗪、2-(2-羥基-4-甲氧基苯基)-4,6-二苯基-s-三嗪、2-(2-羥基-4-丙氧基-5-甲基苯基)-4,6-雙(2,4-二-第三丁基苯基)-s-三嗪等之三芳基三嗪類。此等紫外線吸收劑,可單獨使用1種,也可併用2種以上使用。
作為結晶核劑,可列舉例如苯甲酸鈉、4-第三丁基苯甲酸鋁鹽、己二酸鈉、2鈉雙環[2.2.1]庚烷-2,3-二甲酸酯等之羧酸金屬鹽、鈉雙(4-第三丁基苯基)磷酸酯、鈉-2,2’-亞甲基雙(4,6-二第三丁基苯基)磷酸酯、鋰-2,2’-亞甲基雙(4,6-二第三丁基苯基)磷酸酯等之磷酸酯金屬鹽、二亞苄基山梨醣醇、雙(甲基亞苄基)山梨醣醇、雙(3,4-二甲基亞苄基)山梨醣醇、雙(p-乙基亞苄基)山梨醣醇、雙(二甲基亞苄基)山梨醣醇、1,2,3-三去氧(trideoxy)-4,6:5,7-雙-O-((4-丙基苯基)亞甲基)-壬醇(nonitol)、1,3:2,4-雙(p-甲基亞苄基)山梨醣醇、1,3:2,4-雙-O- 亞苄基-D-山梨醇(二亞苄基山梨醣醇)等之多元醇衍生物、N,N’,N”-三[2-甲基環己基]-1,2,3-丙烷三甲醯胺、N,N’,N”-三環己基-1,3,5-苯三甲醯胺、N,N’-二環己基-萘二甲醯胺、1,3,5-三(二甲基異基丙基胺基)苯等之醯胺化合物等。此等結晶核劑,可單獨使用1種,也可併用2種以上使用。
作為可塑劑,可列舉例如環氧化大豆油、環氧化亞麻仁油、環氧化脂肪酸辛基酯等之環氧系或、甲基丙烯酸酯系或、二羧酸與多元醇之聚縮合物、多元羧酸與多元醇之聚縮合物等之聚酯系或、二羧酸與多元醇與伸烷二醇之聚縮合物、二羧酸與多元醇與伸芳基二醇之聚縮合物、多元羧酸與多元醇與伸烷二醇之聚縮合物、多元羧酸與多元醇與伸芳基二醇之聚縮合物等之聚醚酯系或、己二酸酯、琥珀酸酯等之脂肪族酯系或、苯二甲酸酯、對苯二甲酸酯、偏苯三甲酸酯、均苯四甲酸酯、苯甲酸酯等之芳香族酯系等。此等可塑劑,可單獨使用1種,也可併用2種以上使用。
作為滑劑,可列舉流動鏈烷烴、天然鏈烷烴、微蠟、合成鏈烷烴、低分子量聚乙烯、聚乙烯蠟等之純烴系滑劑;鹵化烴系滑劑;高級脂肪酸、羥基脂肪酸等之脂肪酸系滑劑;脂肪酸醯胺、雙脂肪酸醯胺等之脂肪酸醯胺系滑劑;脂肪酸之低級醇酯、甘油酯等之脂肪酸之多元醇酯、脂肪酸之聚乙二醇酯、脂肪酸之脂肪醇酯(酯蠟)等之酯系滑劑;金屬皂、脂肪醇、多元醇、聚乙二醇、聚丙三醇、脂肪酸與多元醇之部分酯、脂肪酸與聚乙二醇、聚丙三醇之部分酯系的滑劑或、矽油、礦油等。此等滑劑,可單獨使用1種,也可併用2種以上使用。
本發明之上述磷酸鹽化合物以外之其他的難燃劑,可列舉例如三苯基磷酸酯、三甲苯基磷酸酯、磷酸三(二甲苯)酯、甲苯基二苯基磷酸酯、甲苯基-2,6-磷酸二(二甲苯)酯、間苯二酚雙(二苯基磷酸酯)、(1-甲基亞乙基)-4,1-伸苯基四苯基二磷酸酯、1,3-伸苯基四(2,6-二甲基苯基)磷酸酯、股份公司ADEKA製之商品名「ADK STABFP-500」、「ADK STABFP-600」、「ADK STABFP-800」、「ADK STABFP-900L」等之芳香族磷酸酯、苯基膦酸二乙烯基、苯基膦酸二烯丙、苯基膦酸(1-丁烯基)等之膦酸酯、二苯基膦酸苯酯、二苯基膦酸甲酯、9,10-二氫-9-氧雜-10-磷雜菲-10-氧化物衍生物等之膦酸酯、二乙基膦酸鋁、二乙基膦酸鋅等之二烷基膦酸鹽、雙(2-烯丙基苯氧基)磷腈、二甲苯基磷腈等之磷腈化合物、紅磷等之無機磷系難燃劑、氫氧化鎂、氫氧化鋁等之金屬氫氧化物、溴化雙酚A型環氧樹脂、溴化苯酚酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂、六溴苯、五溴甲苯、乙烯雙(五溴苯基)、伸乙基雙(四溴鄰苯二甲醯亞胺)(ethylenebistetrabromophthalimide)、1,2-二溴-4-(1,2-二溴乙基)環己烷、四溴環辛烷、六溴環十二烷、雙(三溴苯氧基)乙烷、溴化聚苯醚、溴化聚苯乙烯及2,4,6-三(三溴苯氧基)-1,3,5-三嗪、三溴苯基馬來醯亞胺、三溴苯基丙烯酸酯、三溴苯基甲基丙烯酸酯、四溴雙酚A型二甲基丙烯酸酯、五溴苄基丙烯酸酯、溴化苯乙烯等之溴系難燃劑等。此等其他的難燃劑,可單獨使用1種,也可併用2種以上使用。
作為抗靜電劑,可列舉例如脂肪酸第四級銨離子鹽、多胺四級鹽等之陽離子系抗靜電劑或高級醇磷酸酯鹽、高級醇EO加成物、聚乙二醇脂肪酸酯、陰離子型之烷基磺酸鹽、高級醇硫酸酯鹽、高級醇環氧乙烷加成物硫酸酯鹽、高級醇環氧乙烷加成物磷酸酯鹽等之陰離子系抗靜電劑或、多元醇脂肪酸酯、聚乙二醇磷酸酯、聚氧乙烯烷基烯丙醚等之非離子系抗靜電劑或、烷基二甲基胺基乙酸甜菜鹼等之兩性型烷基甜菜鹼、咪唑啉型兩性活性劑等之兩性抗靜電劑。此等抗靜電劑,可單獨使用1種,也可併用2種以上使用。
作為填充劑,可列舉例如滑石、雲母、碳酸鈣、氧化鈣、氫氧化鈣、碳酸鎂、氫氧化鎂、氧化鎂、硫酸鎂、氫氧化鋁、硫酸鋇、玻璃粉末、玻璃纖維、黏土、白雲石、雲母、二氧化矽、氧化鋁、鈦酸鉀晶鬚、鈣矽石、纖維狀硫酸鎂、微晶高嶺石等,可適宜選擇使用粒徑(纖維狀中,纖維徑或纖維長及長短軸比)。此等填充劑,可單獨使用1種,也可併用2種以上使用。又,填充劑,必要時可使用經表面處理者。
作為顏料,可列舉例如顏料紅1、2、3、9、10、17、22、23、31、38、41、48、49、88、90、97、112、119、122、123、144、149、166、168、169、170、171、177、179、180、184、185、192、200、202、209、215、216、217、220、223、224、226、227、228、240、254;顏料橙13、31、34、36、38、43、46、48、49、51、52、55、59、60、61、62、64、65、71;顏料黃1、3、12、13、14、16、17、20、24、55、60、73、81、83、86、93、95、97、98、100、109、110、113、114、117、120、125、126、127、129、137、138、139、147、148、150、151、152、153、154、166、168、175、180、185;顏料綠7、10、36;顏料藍15、15:1、15:2、15:3、15:4、15:5、15:6、22、24、56、60、61、62、64;顏料紫1、19、23、27、29、30、32、37、40、50等。此等顏料,可單獨使用1種,也可併用2種以上使用。
作為染料,可列舉例如偶氮染料、蒽醌染料、靛[類]染料(indigoid dye)、三芳基甲烷染料、呫噸染料、茜素染料(alizarin dye)、吖啶染料、茋染料、噻唑染料、萘酚染料、喹啉染料、硝基染料、吲達胺染料( indamine dye)、噁嗪染料、酞菁染料、花藍染料等。此等染料,可單獨使用1種,也可併用2種以上使用。
又,關於上述助劑、表面處理劑、粉塵抑制劑及其他的成分之1或2以上,可調配於上述難燃劑組成物,但是也可調配於包含上述難燃劑組成物及熱塑性樹脂之難燃性樹脂組成物。
本發明之難燃劑組成物,滿足上述式(I)作為條件,可藉由混合通式(1)或通式(2)表示之磷酸鹽化合物之中1種以上與必要時其他的任意成分得到。混合時,可使用各種混合機。混合時,可加熱。可使用的混合機,無特別限制,可列舉轉筒混合機、V型混合機、螺帶式摻混機(ribbon
blender)、V型混合機、W型混合機、高速混合機、諾塔混合機等。
又,藉由混合所得之難燃劑組成物未滿足上述式(I)時,藉由添加表面處理劑或粉塵抑制劑,以粉碎機之粉碎等,可調整為滿足上述式(I)。
<難燃性樹脂組成物>
本發明之難燃性樹脂組成物,含有上述難燃劑組成物與熱塑性樹脂。
上述難燃劑組成物之含量係相對於熱塑性樹脂100質量份,通常為10~400質量份,較佳為15~200質量份,更佳為20~70質量份之範圍內。藉此,可充分提高熱塑性樹脂的難燃性。
上述熱塑性樹脂,可列舉聚烯烴系樹脂、苯乙烯系樹脂、聚酯系樹脂、聚醚系樹脂、聚碳酸酯系樹脂、聚醯胺系樹脂、含鹵素樹脂等之合成樹脂。此等可單獨使用,也可組合2種以上使用。
進一步,舉上述熱塑性樹脂之例時,例如,可使用石油樹脂、香豆哢樹脂、聚乙酸乙烯酯、丙烯酸樹脂、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯醇縮甲醛、聚乙烯醇縮丁醛、聚苯硫醚、聚胺基甲酸酯、纖維素系樹脂、聚醯亞胺樹脂、聚碸、液晶聚合物等之熱塑性樹脂及此等之摻合物。
又,上述熱塑性樹脂,可為異戊二烯橡膠、丁二烯橡膠、乙烯-丙烯橡膠、乙烯-丙烯-二烯橡膠、丙烯腈-丁二烯共聚合橡膠、苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚合橡膠、烯烴系彈性體、苯乙烯系彈性體、聚酯系彈性體、腈系彈性體、尼龍系彈性體、氯乙烯系彈性體、聚醯胺系彈性體、聚胺基甲酸酯系彈性體等之熱塑性彈性體,也可併用此等。
上述熱塑性樹脂之具體例,無特別限定,可列舉例如聚丙烯、高密度聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯、直鏈低密度聚乙烯、聚丁烯-1、聚3-甲基戊烯、聚4-甲基戊烯、乙烯/丙烯嵌段或無規共聚物等之α-烯烴聚合物等之聚烯烴系樹脂;聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚對苯二甲酸丁二酯、聚六亞甲基對苯二甲酸酯等之熱塑性直鏈聚酯系樹脂;聚苯硫醚等之多硫化物系樹脂;聚己內酯等之聚乳酸系樹脂;聚六亞甲基己二醯胺(adipamide)等之直鏈聚醯胺系樹脂;對排(syndiotactic)聚苯乙烯等之結晶性之聚苯乙烯系樹脂等。
此等熱塑性樹脂不拘分子量、聚合度、密度、軟化點、對溶劑之不溶分之比例、立體規則性之程度、觸媒殘渣之有無、成為原料之單體種類或調配比率、聚合觸媒之種類(例如,齊格勒(Ziegler)觸媒、茂金屬觸媒等)等均可使用。
此等熱塑性樹脂之中,就可賦予優異之難燃性的觀點,較佳為選自由聚烯烴系樹脂、聚苯乙烯系樹脂及彼等之共聚物所組成之群選出之一種以上,更佳為聚烯烴系樹脂,又更佳為聚丙烯、高密度聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯、直鏈低密度聚乙烯,彼等與熱塑性彈性體併用的情形也佳。
上述難燃性樹脂組成物,除了上述難燃劑組成物外,必要時可含有選自由上述助劑、表面處理劑、粉塵抑制劑及其他的成分所構成之添加劑之1種或2種以上。此等可單獨使用,也可組合2種以上使用。
上述難燃性樹脂組成物中之添加劑(填充劑及本發明之磷酸鹽化合物以外的難燃劑除外)之含量為相對於熱塑性樹脂100質量份,例如為0.001~15質量份,較佳為0.005~10質量份,更佳為0.01~5質量份。藉由設為這種數值範圍,可得到添加劑之效果提昇。
上述難燃性樹脂組成物中調配填充劑時之其含量係相對於熱塑性樹脂100質量份,例如為1~100質量份,較佳為3~80質量份,更佳為5~50質量份。
上述難燃性樹脂組成物中調配本發明之磷酸鹽化合物以外之難燃劑時之其含量係相對於熱塑性樹脂100質量份,例如為1~200質量份,較佳為3~150質量份,更佳為5~80質量份。
上述難燃性樹脂組成物中,作為熱塑性樹脂使用聚烯烴系樹脂或烯烴系彈性體時,上述難燃性樹脂組成物,為了中和樹脂中之觸媒殘渣,在不損及本發明效果之範圍內,含有公知之中和劑較佳。
中和劑可列舉例如硬脂酸鈣、硬脂酸鋰、硬脂酸鈉、硬脂酸鎂等之脂肪酸金屬鹽,或伸乙基雙(硬脂醯胺)、伸乙基雙(12-羥基硬脂醯胺)、硬脂酸醯胺等之脂肪酸醯胺化合物、或、水滑石等之無機化合物,此等中和劑,可單獨使用1種,也可併用2種以上使用。此等中和劑之使用量係相對於熱塑性樹脂100質量份,較佳成為0.001~3質量份的量,更佳成為0.01~1質量份的量。
其次說明上述難燃性樹脂組成物之製造方法。
上述難燃性樹脂組成物,可藉由混合上述難燃劑組成物與熱塑性樹脂而得。必要時,可混合上述添加劑。添加劑可混合於難燃劑組成物中,也可混合於難燃劑組成物與熱塑性樹脂之混合物中。
混合之方法,可直接使用一般使用之習知的方法。例如,將難燃劑組成物、熱塑性樹脂及必要時,將添加劑以通常的摻混機、混合機等之混合機進行混合的方法,使用擠壓機等進行熔融混練的方法,與溶劑一同混合,進行溶液流延的方法等。
上述難燃性樹脂組成物,可以各種的形態使用,例如,可為顆粒狀、顆粒狀、粉末狀之任一。就操作性的觀點,較佳為顆粒狀。
<成形體>
本發明之成形體係使用上述難燃性樹脂組成物而成。藉由使用上述難燃性樹脂組成物進行成形,可製造成形體。
上述成形方法,無特別限定,可列舉射出成形法、擠壓成形法、吹塑成形法、旋轉成形法、真空成形法、充氣成形法、壓延加工成形法(calendering)、雌雄成形法(slash molding)、浸漬成形法、發泡成形法、加成製造法等。其中,較佳為射出成形法、擠壓成形法、吹塑成形法。
藉此,可製造樹脂板、薄片、薄膜、異形品等之各種形狀的成形體。
使用上述難燃性樹脂組成物而成的成形體,可用於各種的用途,例如,可用於電氣・電子零件、機械零件、光學機器、建築構件、汽車零件及日用品等各種的用途。其中,就難燃性的觀點,可適用於電氣・電子零件、建築構件。
上述難燃性樹脂組成物及其成形體,可使用於各種的用途,例如可用於電氣・電子・通訊、農林水產、礦業、建設、食品、纖維、衣類、醫療、煤、石油、橡膠、皮革、汽車、精密機器、木材、建材、土木、家具、印刷、樂器等之廣泛產業領域中。具體而言,本發明之難燃性樹脂組成物及其成形體,可用於印表機、個人電腦、文字處理機、鍵盤、PDA(小型資訊終端機)、電話機、影印機、傳真機、ECR(Efficient Consumer Response,電子式金錢登錄機)、計算機、電子記事本、卡片、固定托架、文具等之事務、OA機器、洗衣機、冰箱、吸塵器、微波爐、照明器具、遊戲機、電熨斗、被爐等之家電機器、TV、VTR、攝影機、收錄音機、卡帶錄音機、小型光碟、CD播放器、喇叭、液晶顯示器等之AV機器、連接器、繼電器、電容器、開關、印刷基板、繞線軸、半導體封裝材料、LED封裝材料、電線、電纜、變壓器、偏轉磁軛、分電盤、時鐘等之電氣.電子零件及通訊機器等。
上述難燃性樹脂組成物及其成形體,可用於座墊(填充物、表面材料等)、皮帶、天花板張貼、敞篷車頂(convertible top)、扶手、門飾板、後置物盤、地毯、墊子、遮陽帽、輪蓋、床罩、安全氣囊、絕緣材、拉環、拉環帶、電線被覆材、電絕緣材、塗料、塗覆材、上貼材、地板材、角落牆、地毯、壁紙、壁裝材、外裝材、內裝材、屋頂材、甲板材、壁材、柱材、墊板、圍牆材料、骨架及飾板、窗及門框材、木瓦板、板壁、涼亭、陽台、隔音板、隔熱板、窗材等之汽車、車輛、船舶、飛機、建築物、住宅等之材料、建築用材料或土木材料、衣料、窗簾、床單、不織布、合板、合纖板、絨毯、玄關墊、薄片、水桶、水管、容器、眼鏡、皮包、盒子、擋風鏡、滑雪板、球拍、帳篷、樂器等之生活用品、運動用品等各領域中使用。
以上,針對本發明之實施形態敘述,但是此等為本發明之例示,也可蔡用上述以外之各式各樣的構成。又,本發明不限於上述實施形態者,在可達成本發明之目的之範圍內之變形、改良等也包含於本發明內。
實施例
以下,參照實施例詳細地說明本發明,但是本發明不限於此等之實施例所記載者。
<三聚氰胺鹽之製造>
將正磷酸三聚氰胺在固相狀態下,以220℃加熱縮合反應6小時,製造以焦磷酸三聚氰胺為主成分的三聚氰胺鹽。三聚氰胺鹽未純化,直接使用。三聚氰胺鹽中之焦磷酸三聚氰胺的純度為98.5%。
<哌嗪鹽之製造>
將二磷酸哌嗪在固相狀態下,以250℃加熱縮合反應1小時,製造以焦磷酸哌嗪為主成分的哌嗪鹽。哌嗪鹽未純化,直接使用。哌嗪鹽中之焦磷酸哌嗪的純度為99.0%。
上述三聚氰胺鹽及哌嗪鹽的純度係使用離子層析儀測定裝置ICS-2100(Thermo Fisher Scientific股份公司製)、Dionex IonPac AS-19管柱(Thermo Fisher Scientific股份公司製),及導電度檢測器測定。
<組成物A1之調製>
將上述三聚氰胺鹽40質量份、上述哌嗪鹽60質量份,及水滑石(DHT-4A、協和化學工業股份公司製)0.4質量份,使用袖珍型噴射磨機粉碎機(CO-JET SYSTEM α-mkIII、股份公司seishin企業製),在P噴嘴壓0.5~0.7MPa、G噴嘴壓0.5~0.65MPa、樣品投入速度100g/h的條件下,進行粉碎,使用食物混合機,混合甲基氫矽油(Methyl hydrogen silicone oil)(KF-99、信越化學工業股份公司製)0.3質量份,以加熱烤箱加熱至150℃。放置冷卻至室溫後,使用食物混合機,混合二甲基矽油(KF-96、信越化學工業股份公司製)0.3質量份,得到組成物A1。
<組成物A2之調製>
將上述三聚氰胺鹽35質量份、多聚磷酸三聚氰胺(PMP100、日產化學股份公司製)5質量份、上述哌嗪鹽60質量份,及氧化鋅1種(三井金屬礦業股份公司製)5質量份,使用袖珍型噴射磨機粉碎機(CO-JET SYSTEM α-mkIII、股份公司seishin企業製),在P噴嘴壓0.5~0.7MPa、G噴嘴壓0.5~0.65MPa、樣品投入速度100g/h的條件下,進行粉碎,使用食物混合機,混合甲基氫矽油(KF-99、信越化學工業股份公司製)0.3質量份,以加熱烤箱加熱至150℃。放置冷卻至室溫後,使用食物混合機,混合硬脂酸丁酯0.3質量份,得到組成物A2。
<組成物A3之調製>
將上述三聚氰胺鹽40質量份、上述哌嗪鹽60質量份,及水滑石(DHT-4A、協和化學工業股份公司製)0.4質量份,使用袖珍型噴射磨機粉碎機(CO-JET SYSTEM α-mkIII、股份公司seishin企業製),在P噴嘴壓0.5~0.7MPa、G噴嘴壓0.5~0.65MPa、樣品投入速度100g/h的條件下,進行粉碎,使用食物混合機,混合甲基氫矽油(KF-9901、信越化學工業股份公司製)0.3質量份,以加熱烤箱加熱至150℃。放置冷卻至室溫後,使用食物混合機,混合二甲基矽油(KF-96、信越化學工業股份公司製)0.3質量份,得到組成物A3。
<組成物A4之調製>
將上述三聚氰胺鹽40質量份、上述哌嗪鹽60質量份,及氧化鋅1種(三井金屬礦業股份公司製)5質量份,使用袖珍型噴射磨機粉碎機(CO-JET SYSTEM α-mkIII、股份公司seishin企業製),在P噴嘴壓0.5~0.7MPa、G噴嘴壓0.5~ 0.65MPa、樣品投入速度100g/h的條件下,進行粉碎,使用食物混合機,混合2-(3,4-環氧基環己基)乙基三甲氧基矽烷(Sila-AceS530、JNC股份公司製)1質量份,以加熱烤箱加熱至150℃。放置冷卻至室溫後、使用食物混合機,混合己二酸雙[2-(2-丁氧基乙氧基)乙基]0.2質量份,得到組成物A4。
<組成物A5之調製>
將上述三聚氰胺鹽40質量份,及上述哌嗪鹽60質量份,使用袖珍型噴射磨機粉碎機(CO-JET SYSTEM α-mkIII、股份公司seishin企業製),在P噴嘴壓0.5~0.7MPa、G噴嘴壓0.5~0.65MPa、樣品投入速度100g/h的條件下,進行粉碎,使用食物混合機,混合3-環氧丙氧基丙基三甲氧基矽烷(KBM-403、信越化學工業股份公司製)1質量份,以加熱烤箱加熱至150℃。放置冷卻至室溫後,使用食物混合機,混合己二酸雙[2-(2-丁氧基乙氧基)乙基]0.2質量份,得到組成物A5。
<組成物A6之調製>
將上述三聚氰胺鹽40質量份、上述哌嗪鹽60質量份,及氧化鋅1種(三井金屬礦業股份公司製)5質量份,使用袖珍型噴射磨機粉碎機(CO-JET SYSTEM α-mkIII、股份公司seishin企業製),在P噴嘴壓0.5~0.7MPa、G噴嘴壓0.5~ 0.65MPa、樣品投入速度100g/h的條件下,進行粉碎,使用食物混合機,混合3-環氧丙氧基丙基三甲氧基矽烷(KBM-403、信越化學工業股份公司製)1質量份,以加熱烤箱加熱至150℃。放置冷卻至室溫後,使用食物混合機,混合二辛酸聚乙二醇(300)0.2質量份,得到組成物A6。
<組成物A7之調製>
將上述三聚氰胺鹽35質量份、多聚磷酸三聚氰胺(PMP100、日產化學股份公司製)5質量份,及上述哌嗪鹽60質量份,使用袖珍型噴射磨機粉碎機(CO-JET SYSTEM α-mkIII、股份公司seishin企業製),在P噴嘴壓0.5~ 0.7MPa、G噴嘴壓0.5~0.65MPa、樣品投入速度100g/h的條件下,進行粉碎,使用食物混合機,混合2-(3,4-環氧基環己基)乙基三甲氧基矽烷(Sila-AceS530、JNC股份公司製)1質量份,以加熱烤箱加熱至150℃。放置冷卻至室溫後,使用食物混合機,混合二辛酸聚乙二醇(300)0.2質量份,得到組成物A7。
<組成物A8之調製>
將多聚磷酸銨(Exolit AP422、Clariant公司製)70質量份、聚-[2,4-(哌嗪-1,4-基)-6-(嗎啉-4-基)-1,3,5-三嗪]20質量份、三聚氰胺三聚氰酸酯(MC-4000、日產化學股份公司製)10質量份,及硬脂酸0.2質量份,使用食物混合機,進行混合、粉碎(2分鐘),得到組成物A8。
<組成物A9之調製>
將多聚磷酸銨(Exolit AP422、Clariant公司製)60質量份、二乙基膦酸鋁(Exolit OP1230、Clariant公司製)20質量份、聚-[2,4-(哌嗪-1,4-基)-6-(嗎啉-4-基)-1,3,5-三嗪]20質量份,及硬脂酸0.2質量份,使用食物混合機,進行混合、粉碎(2分鐘),得到組成物A9。
<組成物A10之調製>
將上述哌嗪鹽60質量份,及多聚磷酸三聚氰胺(PMP100、日產化學股份公司製)40質量份,使用袖珍型噴射磨機粉碎機(CO-JET SYSTEM α-mkIII、股份公司seishin企業製),在P噴嘴壓0.5~0.7MPa、G噴嘴壓0.5~0.65MPa、樣品投入速度100g/h的條件下,進行粉碎,將硬脂酸0.2質量份使用食物混合機,進行混合得到組成物A10。
<組成物A11之調製>
將多聚磷酸銨(Exolit AP422、Clariant公司製)70質量份,及三聚氰胺三聚氰酸酯(MC-4000、日產化學股份公司製)30質量份,使用袖珍型噴射磨機粉碎機(CO-JET SYSTEM α-mkIII、股份公司seishin企業製),在P噴嘴壓0.5~0.7MPa、G噴嘴壓0.5~0.65MPa、樣品投入速度200g/h的條件下,進行粉碎,將硬脂酸0.2質量份使用食物混合機,進行混合得到組成物A11。
<組成物B1之調製>
將上述三聚氰胺鹽40質量份、上述哌嗪鹽60質量份,及水滑石(DHT-4A、協和化學工業股份公司製)0.4質量份,使用袖珍型噴射磨機粉碎機(CO-JET SYSTEM α-mkIII、股份公司seishin企業製),在P噴嘴壓0.5~0.7MPa、G噴嘴壓0.5~0.65MPa、樣品投入速度100g/h的條件下,進行粉碎,使用食物混合機,混合甲基氫矽油(KF-99、信越化學工業股份公司製)0.3質量份,以加熱烤箱加熱至150℃,得到組成物B1。
<組成物B2之調製>
將上述三聚氰胺鹽35質量份、多聚磷酸三聚氰胺(PMP100、日產化學股份公司製)5質量份、上述哌嗪鹽60質量份,及氧化鋅1種(三井金屬礦業股份公司製)5質量份,使用袖珍型噴射磨機粉碎機(CO-JET SYSTEM α-mkIII、股份公司seishin企業製),在P噴嘴壓0.5~0.7MPa、G噴嘴壓0.5~0.65MPa、樣品投入速度100g/h的條件下,進行粉碎,使用食物混合機,混合甲基氫矽油(KF-99、信越化學工業股份公司製)0.3質量份,以加熱烤箱加熱至150℃,得到組成物B2。
<組成物B3之調製>
將上述三聚氰胺鹽40質量份、上述哌嗪鹽60質量份,及水滑石(DHT-4A、協和化學工業股份公司製)0.4質量份,使用袖珍型噴射磨機粉碎機(CO-JET SYSTEM α-mkIII、股份公司seishin企業製),在P噴嘴壓0.5~0.7MPa、G噴嘴壓0.5~0.65MPa、樣品投入速度100g/h的條件下,進行粉碎,使用食物混合機,混合甲基氫矽油(KF-9901、信越化學工業股份公司製)0.3質量份,以加熱烤箱加熱至150℃,得到組成物B3。
<組成物B4之調製>
將上述三聚氰胺鹽40質量份、上述哌嗪鹽60質量份,及氧化鋅1種(三井金屬礦業股份公司製)5質量份,使用袖珍型噴射磨機粉碎機(CO-JET SYSTEM α-mkIII、股份公司seishin企業製),在P噴嘴壓0.5~0.7MPa、G噴嘴壓0.5~ 0.65MPa、樣品投入速度100g/h的條件下,進行粉碎,使用食物混合機,混合2-(3,4-環氧基環己基)乙基三甲氧基矽烷(Sila-AceS530、JNC股份公司製)1質量份,以加熱烤箱加熱至150℃,得到組成物B4。
<組成物B5之調製>
將上述三聚氰胺鹽40質量份,及上述哌嗪鹽60質量份,使用袖珍型噴射磨機粉碎機(CO-JET SYSTEM α-mkIII、股份公司seishin企業製),在P噴嘴壓0.5~0.7MPa、G噴嘴壓0.5~0.65MPa、樣品投入速度100g/h的條件下,進行粉碎,使用食物混合機,混合3-環氧丙氧基丙基三甲氧基矽烷(KBM-403、信越化學工業股份公司製)1質量份,以加熱烤箱加熱至150℃,得到組成物B5。
<組成物B6之調製>
上述三聚氰胺鹽40質量份、上述哌嗪鹽60質量份,及氧化鋅1種(三井金屬礦業股份公司製)5質量份,使用袖珍型噴射磨機粉碎機(CO-JET SYSTEM α-mkIII、股份公司seishin企業製),在P噴嘴壓0.5~0.7MPa、G噴嘴壓0.5~ 0.65MPa、樣品投入速度100g/h的條件下,進行粉碎,使用食物混合機,混合3-環氧丙氧基丙基三甲氧基矽烷(KBM-403、信越化學工業股份公司製)1質量份,以加熱烤箱加熱至150℃,得到組成物B6。
<組成物B7之調製>
將上述三聚氰胺鹽35質量份、多聚磷酸三聚氰胺(PMP100、日產化學股份公司製)5質量份,及上述哌嗪鹽60質量份,使用袖珍型噴射磨機粉碎機(CO-JET SYSTEM α-mkIII、股份公司seishin企業製),在P噴嘴壓0.5~ 0.7MPa、G噴嘴壓0.5~0.65MPa、樣品投入速度100g/h的條件下,進行粉碎,使用食物混合機,混合2-(3,4-環氧基環己基)乙基三甲氧基矽烷(Sila-AceS530、JNC股份公司製)1質量份,以加熱烤箱加熱至150℃,得到組成物B7。
<組成物B8之調製>
將組成物A3之100質量份,及加工油(process oil) (DIANA PROCESS OIL PW-90、出光興產股份公司製)3質量份,使用食物混合機,進行混合得到組成物B8。
<組成物B9之調製>
將上述三聚氰胺鹽40質量份,及上述哌嗪鹽60質量份,使用食物混合機,粉碎2分鐘,使用食物混合機,混合2-(3,4-環氧基環己基)乙基三甲氧基矽烷(Sila-AceS530、JNC股份公司製)1質量份,以加熱烤箱加熱至150℃。放置冷卻至室溫後,使用食物混合機,混合己二酸雙[2-(2-丁氧基乙氧基)乙基]0.3質量份,得到組成物B9。
<組成物B10之調製>
將組成物B1之100質量份使用袖珍型噴射磨機粉碎機(CO-JET SYSTEM α-mkIII、股份公司seishin企業製),在P噴嘴壓0.5~0.7MPa、G噴嘴壓0.5~0.65MPa、樣品投入速度50g/h的條件下,進行粉碎,使用食物混合機,混合2-(3,4-環氧基環己基)乙基三甲氧基矽烷(Sila-AceS530、JNC股份公司製)1質量份,以加熱烤箱加熱至150℃,得到組成物B10。
對於藉由以上所得之難燃劑組成物,對於以下測定項目實施測定。測定結果及由此測定結果依據式(I)算出之值,示於表1~3。
<疏充填體積密度之測定>
使用粉體特性評價裝置(萬用電錶(multimeter)MT-02、股份公司seishin企業製),使用直徑5cm、體積100cm
3的圓柱形容器,測定所得之難燃劑組成物之疏充填體積密度。
將試料以成堆方式填充於容器,在容器面之多餘的試料整平,測定容器內粗填充之試料的重量。此時,容器內粗填充之試料的重量(g)÷100(cm
3),算出疏充填體積密度(g/cm
3)。
<粒徑分布之測定>
累積10%粒徑D
10及累積50%粒徑D
50係將所得之難燃劑組成物添加於甲醇中,進行混合的溶液,邊以超音波分散,在濕式條件下,使用雷射繞射・散射式粒度分布測定裝置(Microtrac MT3000II、MicrotracBEL股份公司製)進行測定。
又,對於所得之難燃劑組成物,關於以下的評價項目實施評價。評價結果示於表1~3。
<粉塵飛散性之評價>
如如圖1所示,使僅單側為開放端之壓克力製之透明的筒10(外徑:110mm、內徑:98mm、長度:500mm)使上部成為開口部站立,以黑色壓克力板11圍繞側面之三方向。將上述所得之難燃劑組成物量秤10g,由筒10上端之開口部自由落下,以攝影機拍攝飛散粉塵的樣子。藉由攝影的動畫,將粉體接觸底面5秒後的狀態作為影像擷取,由筒之下端至150mm附近之部分12之HLS色空間所定義的亮度,由影像擷取。又,同樣取出在部分12設置標準白色板(X 94.62、Y99.79、Z 106.92(SCI方式))時之亮度與難燃劑組成物落下之前的亮度。藉由下述式(III)算出粉塵飛散性的程度。
以式(III)所算出之數值越小,表示難燃劑組成物之粉塵飛散性越小。又,此數值為30以上時,因粉塵,對於將難燃劑組成物供給混合機或加工機時之作業環境,有不良影響的水準。此數值作為粉塵飛散性之評價值,示於表1~3。
<安息角之評價>
將難燃劑組成物使用漏斗,注入堆積於圓盤上,不會自發性崩壞,可保持安定的角度,作為安息角(°)進行測定。此數值越低,表示難燃劑組成物之流動性越良好。
又,安息角為60°以上時,在難燃劑組成物進行加工時之送料斗或進料器(Feeder)易產生阻塞,故不佳。
<難燃性評價用試驗片之製作>
在聚丙烯(熔體流動速率(依據JIS K7210,荷重2.16kg、溫度230℃)=14g/10min)100質量份中,調配硬脂酸鈣(中和劑)0.1質量份、四[3-(3,5-二第三丁基-4-羥基苯基)丙酸甲酯]甲烷(酚系抗氧化劑)0.1質量份,及三(2,4-二第三丁基苯基)亞磷酸酯(磷系抗氧化劑)0.1質量份所得之聚丙烯樹脂組成物中,調配上述難燃劑組成物(A1~A11、B1~B10)54質量份,得到難燃性樹脂組成物。將所得之難燃性樹脂組成物使用二軸擠壓機(TEX28V、(股)日本製鋼所製),以圓柱溫度200~230℃、螺桿速度150rpm的條件下,進行熔融混練,得到難燃性樹脂組成物的顆粒。將所得之顆粒使用射出成型機(EC60NII-1.5A、東芝機械(股)製),在圓柱溫度220℃、模具溫度40℃的條件下,進行射出成型,得到127mm×12.7mm×1.6mm的試驗片。
<難燃性評價>
使用所得之試驗片,進行依據UL-94V規格之難燃性評價試驗。
將長度127mm、寬12.7mm、厚度1.6mm的試驗片保持垂直,下端接觸火爐(burner)之火焰10秒後,去除火焰,試驗片著火,測定熄火的時間。接著,熄火之同時,第2次之接觸火焰10秒鐘開始,與第1次相同,試驗片著火,測定熄火的時間。又,同時評價因落下的火種,試驗片之下的綿著火與否。
第1次及第2次之燃燒時間,綿著火之有無等,依據UL-94V規格判定燃燒等級。燃燒等級係V-0為最高者,以下依序V-1、V-2,難燃性降低。但是皆不相當於V-0~V-2之等級者為NR。
關於難燃性,實施例1~11及比較例1~10皆為良好。
而關於粉塵飛散性之評價,其中實施例1~11為良好,但是比較例1~7顯示高於30之數值,得知對作業環境為不良影響的水平。
又,關於安息角之評價,實施例1~11為良好,但是比較例8~10顯示高於60°之數值,得知粉體流動性差。
由以上可知,本發明之難燃劑組成物,具有良好的粉體流動性,同時粉塵飛散性小,且發揮良好的難燃性能。
10:筒
11:壓克力板
12:由筒之下端至150mm附近的部分
[圖1]表示實施例中之粉塵飛散性之評價用之裝置之概略的說明圖。
Claims (10)
- 一種難燃劑組成物,其為含有下述通式(1)或下述通式(2)表示之磷酸鹽化合物中之1種以上的難燃劑組成物,其中前述難燃劑組成物的疏充填體積密度設為d(g/cm 3),前述難燃劑組成物之體積基準之粒徑分布中之累積10%粒徑設為D 10(μm),累積50%粒徑設為D 50(μm)時,d,D 10及D 50滿足下述式(I), 0.030≦d/(D 50-D 10)≦0.110 ・・・(I) 通式(1)中,n1表示1~100之數,X 1表示氨或下述通式(1-A)表示之三嗪衍生物,p表示滿足0<p≦n1+2之數, 通式(1-A)中,Z 1及Z 2各自獨立表示選自由-NR 11R 12基、羥基、巰基、碳原子數1~10之直鏈或支鏈之烷基、碳原子數1~10之直鏈或支鏈之烷氧基、苯基及乙烯基所構成群組中任一之基,R 11及R 12各自獨立表示氫原子、碳原子數1~6之直鏈或支鏈之烷基或羥甲基, 通式(2)中,n2表示1~100之數,Y 1表示 [R 21R 22N(CH 2)mNR 23R 24]、哌嗪、或包含哌嗪環之二胺,R 21、R 22、R 23及R 24各自獨立表示氫原子或碳原子數1~5之直鏈或支鏈之烷基,m為1~10之整數,q表示滿足0<q≦n2+2之數。
- 如請求項1之難燃劑組成物,其中d滿足下述式(II), 0.20≦d≦0.80 ・・・(II)。
- 如請求項1或2之難燃劑組成物,其中含有X 1為三聚氰胺之前述通式(1)表示之前述磷酸鹽化合物。
- 如請求項1或2之難燃劑組成物,其中含有Y 1為哌嗪之前述通式(2)表示之前述磷酸鹽化合物。
- 如請求項1或2之難燃劑組成物,其中含有X 1為氨之前述通式(1)表示之前述磷酸鹽化合物。
- 如請求項1或2之難燃劑組成物,其中含有X 1為三聚氰胺之前述通式(1)表示之前述磷酸鹽化合物及Y 1為哌嗪之前述通式(2)表示之前述磷酸鹽化合物。
- 如請求項1~6中任一項之難燃劑組成物,其係含有n1為2之前述通式(1)表示之前述磷酸鹽化合物及n2為2之前述通式(2)表示之前述磷酸鹽化合物。
- 一種難燃性樹脂組成物,其特徵係含有如請求項1~7中任一項之難燃劑組成物及熱塑性樹脂。
- 如請求項8之難燃性樹脂組成物,其中前述熱塑性樹脂含有聚烯烴系樹脂。
- 一種成形體,其特徵係使用如請求項9之難燃性樹脂組成物而成。
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