TW202226523A - 半導體裝置 - Google Patents

半導體裝置 Download PDF

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TW202226523A
TW202226523A TW110130772A TW110130772A TW202226523A TW 202226523 A TW202226523 A TW 202226523A TW 110130772 A TW110130772 A TW 110130772A TW 110130772 A TW110130772 A TW 110130772A TW 202226523 A TW202226523 A TW 202226523A
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Taiwan
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semiconductor device
junction
diodes
diode
schottky barrier
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TW110130772A
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English (en)
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柳田秀彰
四戸孝
安藤裕之
松原佑典
北角英人
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日商Flosfia股份有限公司
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Publication of TW202226523A publication Critical patent/TW202226523A/zh

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Abstract

[課題] 本發明提供一種可達成小型化或高密度化且對於過電流之耐久性提升的半導體裝置。 [解決方法] 本發明的半導體裝置具有:多個PN接合二極體,具備負的溫度特性並且串聯連接;肖特基屏障二極體,具備正的溫度特性,與該些PN接合二極體並聯連接;及焊墊,該些PN接合二極體的至少一者與該肖特基屏障二極體共同載置於焊墊上。

Description

半導體裝置
本發明係關於半導體裝置,特別係關於可提升對於過電流之耐久性的半導體裝置。
近年來隨著半導體裝置應用於各種領域的製品,逐漸可藉由使用多個半導體元件來實現對象製品的複雜功能。這樣的半導體裝置大多具備轉換外部電源所輸入之電力而將既定電流或電壓供給至對象製品的切換功能。然後,在半導體元件內或電路內具備用以對應過電流的結構,藉此可保護對象製品不受過電流影響。
例如專利文獻1的圖15中揭示了一種半導體裝置,其係將經串聯連接的3個PN接合二極體與肖特基屏障二極體並聯連接而成。一般而言,肖特基屏障二極體的順向電壓大於PN接合二極體的順向電壓。因此,將肖特基屏障二極體與PN接合二極體各1個並聯連接時,在一般運作時,順向的電流流入PN接合二極體。然而,藉由將經串聯連接的3個PN接合二極體的總順向電壓設定為高於1個肖特基屏障二極體的順向電壓,可僅在突波電流等過電流產生時通過PN接合二極體而使其導通,結果可保護肖特基屏障二極體不受過電流影響。 [先前技術文獻] [專利文獻]
[專利文獻1]日本特開2012-248736號公報
[發明所欲解決之課題]
肖特基屏障二極體及PN接合二極體皆具備正的溫度特性時,會因為高溫而導致各二極體的順向電流變得不易流動。專利文獻1的情況中,如專利文獻1的圖1及圖18所示,PN接合二極體與肖特基屏障二極體載置於各自的焊墊(die pad)上,藉此可防止彼此發生熱干擾,而抑制PN接合二極體受到肖特基屏障二極體發熱的影響而升溫。藉由維持PN接合二極體的順向電流的特性,可保持使既定值以上之過電流導通的功能。
然而,對於半導體裝置的小型化及高密度化的需求而言,並不適合在有限的安裝面上製作多個熱獨立的焊墊。這對於搭載多個半導體元件的功率半導體而言成為特別顯著的問題。又,尤其在氧化鎵等的功率半導體中,即便是使用如專利文獻1之構成的情況,亦無法充分滿足過電流對策,而且亦具有無法充分確保安裝時之散熱性等的課題。
於是本發明之目的在於提供一種可達成小型化及高密度化並且提升對於過電流之耐久性的半導體裝置。 [解決課題之手段]
本發明之一態樣的半導體裝置,具有:多個PN接合二極體,其具備負的溫度特性,並且串聯連接;肖特基屏障二極體,其具備正的溫度特性,且與前述多個PN接合二極體並聯連接;及焊墊,前述多個PN接合二極體的至少一者與前述肖特基屏障二極體共同載置於其上。
又,本發明之一態樣的半導體裝置,具備:多個PN接合二極體,其具備負的溫度特性,並且串聯連接;肖特基屏障二極體,其具備正的溫度特性,且與前述多個PN接合二極體並聯連接;多個第1焊墊部,載置前述多個PN接合二極體;及第2焊墊部,載置前述肖特基屏障二極體;其中前述第1焊墊部的至少一者與前述第2焊墊部熱連接。 [發明之效果]
根據上述構成的半導體裝置,由肖特基屏障二極體所產生的熱透過焊墊(焊墊部)傳遞至PN接合二極體,而因為PN接合二極體具有負的溫度特性,藉由溫度上升,電流變得容易流動。因此,對於突波電流等過電流,可維持甚至提升PN接合二極體對於順向的導電特性,而提供一種可達成小型化及高密度化並且提升對於過電流之耐久性的半導體裝置。
以下參照圖示說明本發明的實施型態之半導體裝置。
圖1係顯示本發明的第1實施型態之半導體裝置的內部配置構成的俯視圖。此圖中,半導體裝置100具備由半導體元件所構成的3個縱型PN接合二極體2a、2b、2c與1個肖特基屏障二極體3。又,PN接合二極體2a與肖特基屏障二極體3載置於共通的焊墊4a上,PN接合二極體2b與PN接合二極體2c分別載置於焊墊4b及焊墊4C上。
半導體裝置100更具備用以與外部進行電力之輸出或輸入的端子5、 6。端子5、6的端緣(圖1中端子5在紙面最上部的區域;端子6在紙面最下部的區域)從陶瓷封裝露出,而連接至電路基板等。
此處,端子5與焊墊4a係由同一構件一體製作而成。亦即,如點線所示,焊墊4a具有由同一構件所構成的2個區域,第1區域(第1襯墊部)4a1上載置有PN接合二極體2a,第2區域(第2襯墊部)4a2上載置有肖特基屏障二極體3。又,焊墊4b與焊墊4c中,端子5、6在電特性及熱特性方面不會互相影響,端子5、 6係構成分開的各別結構。另外,焊墊4a、4b、4c係以導熱性高的材料(例如銅)製作。
又,PN接合二極體2a、2b、2c,透過焊墊4a、4b、4c及引線7a、7b、7c而電性連接,PN接合二極體2a、2b、2c以端子5、6作為兩端而構成串聯連接的態樣。另一方面,肖特基屏障二極體3透過引線8與端子6連接,而構成相對於以端子5、6作為兩端而導電且經串聯連接的3個PN接合二極體2a、2b、2c並聯連接的態樣。
圖7係圖1所示之半導體裝置100的概略電路構成,其中顯示在電路圖中將搭載了PN接合二極體2a、2b、2c及肖特基屏障二極體3的焊墊4a、4b、4c重疊的態樣。藉由將圖7所示之電路構成視為搭載了過電流保護功能的肖特基屏障二極體,藉此可將本實施型態的半導體裝置100,應用於反向器、轉換器、整流設備等的、使用了肖特基屏障二極體的已知產品。
本實施型態中,係使用至少在過電流的條件下具有負的溫度特性的PN接合二極體,亦即具有電阻值隨著溫度上升而減少之特性的PN接合二極體。此情況中,較佳為例如含Si之PN接合二極體。又,亦可使用PN接合之P層與N層之間存在i層的PiN二極體,藉此可達成耐壓的提升。
另一方面,本實施型態中,係使用至少在過電流的條件下具有正的溫度特性的肖特基屏障二極體,亦即具有電阻值隨著溫度上升而增加之特性的肖特基屏障二極體。此情況中,例如較佳為含氧化鎵(Ga 2O 3)的肖特基屏障二極體,尤其從肖特基屏障二極體的開關特性的觀點來看,較佳係使用剛玉型氧化鎵(α-Ga 2O 3)。又,包含具有氧化鎵之混晶的肖特基屏障二極體亦較佳,含有與鋁(Al)或銦(In)之混晶的肖特基屏障二極體尤佳。
PN接合二極體2a、2b、2c各別的順向電壓低於肖特基屏障二極體3的順向電壓,但將PN接合二極體2a、2b、2c串聯連接時的順向電壓,亦即PN接合二極體2a、2b、2c各別順向電壓的總和,係設定為高於肖特基屏障二極體3的順向電壓。例如係使用PN接合二極體2a、2b、2c各別的順向電壓為0.7V、肖特基屏障二極體3的順向電壓為1.5者。
然後,半導體裝置100係以收納於圖中未顯示之陶瓷封裝內等的型態而供實際使用,例如其係用作各種功率裝置中所搭載的功率半導體裝置。
一邊參照圖8的I-V特性圖表一邊說明上述構成的本發明之第1實施型態之半導體裝置1的動作。
將1個順向電壓0.7V的PN接合二極體與1個順向電壓1.5V的肖特基屏障二極體並聯連接時,電流以順向偏壓為0.7V的狀態流入PN接合二極體,而電流不會流入以1.5V以上運作的肖特基屏障二極體。又相同地,將2個順向電壓0.7V的PN接合二極體串聯連接,並與1個順向電壓1.5V的肖特基屏障二極體並聯連接時,在電壓為1.4V的狀態下,電流流入PN接合二極體,而肖特基屏障二極體不會運作。
相對於此,將3個順向電壓0.7V的PN接合二極體串聯連接,並與1個順向電壓1.5V的肖特基屏障二極體並聯連接的情況,在電壓為1.5V的狀態下,電流會流入肖特基屏障二極體,因此整體而言,電流不會流入具有2.1V之順向電壓的3個串聯的PN接合二極體。亦即,藉由以使任意數量的PN接合二極體其各分壓之總值大於1個肖特基屏障二極體的順向電壓值的方式進行串聯連接,可使經串聯連接的PN接合二極體僅在產生過電流時導通,而在一般運作時僅使肖特基屏障二極體運作。
第1實施型態之半導體裝置100中,PN接合二極體2a、2b、2c各別的順向電壓的總和(0.7V+0.7V+0.7V=2.1V)大於肖特基屏障二極體3的順向電壓(1.5V),因此在一般運作時,電流僅流入肖特基屏障二極體3,而並未在端子5、6間導通。
另一方面,流入突波電流等過電流的情況中,瞬間產生高電壓(超過2.1V的電壓),但此情況中,可將此過電流導入與肖特基屏障二極體3並聯連接的3個PN接合二極體2a、2b、2c。亦即,經串聯連接的3個PN接合二極體2a、2b、2c係以僅在產生過電流時使順向電流導通的方式設計,藉此可防止因過電流導致肖特基屏障二極體3損壞。
再者,本實施型態中,肖特基屏障二極體3具有正的溫度特性,因此溫度越高而順向電壓越大,電流越不易流動。這表示圖8中虛線所示之線的斜率逐漸接近水平方向(逐漸躺平)。另一方面,PN接合二極體2a、2b、2c具備負的溫度特性,因此溫度越高而順向電壓越小,電流越容易流動。這表示圖8中實線所示之線的斜率逐漸接近垂直方向(逐漸升起)。又,PN接合二極體2a與肖特基屏障二極體3載置於共通的焊墊4a,因此由肖特基屏障二極體3產生的熱傳遞至PN接合二極體2a,藉此PN接合二極體2a的順向電壓變得更小,相較於將PN接合二極體與肖特基屏障二極體載置於各別的焊墊的情況,成為可使更多電流導通的狀態。因此,經串聯連接的PN接合二極體2a、2b、2c,具有比各PN接合二極體2a、2b、2c在設計時之順向電壓的總和更低的順向電壓,而可使所產生之過電流確實導通。
另外,經串聯連接的PN接合二極體2a、2b、2c的反向耐壓的總和較佳係設定為與肖特基屏障二極體3的反向耐壓同等以上。例如,肖特基屏障二極體3的反向耐壓為600V的情況,係使用PN接合二極體2a、2b、2c各別的反向耐壓在200V以上者。
藉由如此運作的本實施型態之半導體裝置100,從肖特基屏障二極體產生的熱透過焊墊(焊墊部)傳遞至PN接合二極體。PN接合二極體具備負的溫度特性,因此對於突波電流等的過電流而言,可維持甚至提升在PN接合二極體之順向上的導電特性。因此可提供能夠達成小型化及高密度化並且提升對於過電流之耐久性的半導體裝置。
另外,將半導體裝置應用於功率裝置時,較佳係使用能隙特性優良的半導體元件。本實施型態中,能夠以包含碳化矽(SiC)或氮化鎵(GaN)的結構構成肖特基屏障二極體3,但藉由以包含具有更大的寬能隙特性之氧化鎵(Ga 2O 3)的氧化物半導體構成,可形成高性能且緻密(compact)的半導體裝置。再者,本實施型態中,PN接合二極體2a與肖特基屏障二極體3載置於共通的焊墊4a,可更提升肖特基屏障二極體3的散熱性,特別是使用包含導熱性低的氧化鎵或其混晶之半導體的情況,形成更容易展現肖特基二極體3之性能的半導體裝置。如此,藉由將PN接合二極體與肖特基屏障二極體載置於共通的焊墊(焊墊部),透過焊墊(焊墊部)使PN接合二極體容易升溫,因而形成對於過電流之耐性更加提升的半導體裝置。
另外,關於PN接合二極體的運作溫度,可視應用之用途等適當設計,但較佳係例如以成為175℃以下之運作溫度的方式構成。
以下說明本發明之其他實施型態。另外,以下的說明中與第1實施型態或其他實施型態之間具有相同構成要件的情況,賦予相同符號並省略重複說明。
圖2係顯示本發明的第2實施型態之半導體裝置的內部配置構成的俯視圖。該圖中的半導體裝置110,與圖1之半導體裝置100搭載了不同的PN接合二極體2d、2e。亦即,焊墊4a的第1區域4a1上所載置的PN接合二極體2a為縱型PN接合二極體,焊墊4b上及焊墊4c上所載置的PN接合二極體2d、2e皆為橫型PN接合二極體。然後,引線7d、7e、7c,在PN接合二極體2a、2d、2e的頂面(與載置面相反的面,圖2中朝向紙面前方的面)中與PN接合二極體2d、2e電連接。
根據如此構成的半導體裝置110,引線7d、7e、7c皆連接於PN接合二極體2a、2d、2e的頂面,因此不需要在焊墊4a、4b、4c上設置用以連接引線7d、7e、7c的空間。因此,可抑制焊墊4a、4b、4c的面積,並且有助於半導體裝置110的小型化。
圖3係顯示本發明的第3實施型態之半導體裝置的內部配置構成的俯視圖。此圖中的半導體裝置120,與圖1的半導體裝置100相同地,搭載3個縱型PN接合二極體2a、2b、2c,引線7a、7b、7c連接於此等二極體。又,以將半導體裝置120搭載於引線框架為前提,使焊墊4a、4b、4c及端子5、6三維地變形而成為適當的形狀,但與第1實施型態的半導體裝置100相同地進行電連接。根據如此構成的半導體裝置120,可期待與第1實施型態相同的效果。
圖4係顯示本發明的第4實施型態之半導體裝置的內部配置構成的俯視圖,圖5係顯示其立體圖。圖4及圖5中的半導體裝置130,與圖2的半導體裝置110相同,搭載1個縱型PN接合二極體2a及2個橫型PN接合二極體2d、2e,引線7d、7e、7c連接於此等二極體。又,以將半導體裝置130搭載於引線框架的封裝10(圖5中以點線表示)內為前提,使焊墊4a、4b、4c及端子5、6變形為適當的形狀,但與第2實施型態的半導體裝置110相同地電連接。另外,封裝10內的空間,較佳係由環氧樹脂等完全密封,引線框架相當於封裝10之最底面的情況中,較佳係將比引線框架面更為上側之處完全密封,引線框架位於封裝10之中間高度附近的情況中,較佳係將引線框架的上下兩側完全密封。本實施型態中,PN接合二極體2a、2d、2e、肖特基屏障二極體3、焊墊4a、4b、4c、引線7d、7e、7c、8皆與端子5、6(露出於封裝10外部而用於安裝在基板上的部分除外)一體地密封於封裝10內。根據如此構成的半導體裝置130,可期待與第2實施型態相同的效果。
另外,關於封裝10,此處顯示了作為表面安裝型之一種型態的SOP(Small Outline Package)型,但本發明的各實施型態可以搭載於其以外的表面安裝型或插入安裝型、或是接觸安裝型等各種IC封裝的型態而提供。又,封裝的尺寸、搭載於封裝時的端子數量以及端子寬度等,可視應用之用途任意設計。
圖6係顯示本發明的第5實施型態之半導體裝置的內部配置構成的側視圖。本實施型態之半導體裝置140,其特徵為以在厚度方向上重疊的方式載置3個縱型PN接合二極體11、12、13,在俯視下,例如與圖1所示的縱型PN接合二極體2a相同,配置於焊墊4a上的第1區域4a1內。PN接合二極體11、12、13皆由相同結構所構成,以PN接合二極體11為例說明具體結構。
PN接合二極體11,具備由p型及n型的矽(Si)所構成之半導體本體11a,其頂面具有作為含鎳(Ni)之陽極的第1電極膜11b,底面具有作為含鎳或鈦(Ti)之陰極的第2電極膜11c。第1電極膜11b上設有由鋁(Al)、AlSi、AlSiCu等鋁系金屬膜所構成之配線膜11d。又,具備:由二氧化矽(SiO 2)或氮化矽(SiN)所構成之鈍化膜11e;與覆蓋鈍化膜11e的聚醯亞胺膜11f,以作為PN接合二極體11的頂面保護膜。可由成膜或蝕刻等習知半導體製造技術形成此等各構成要件。
然後,相同結構的3個PN接合二極體11、12、13積層於同一焊墊上。此時,互相對向的電極膜透過焊料電性地串聯連接,又PN接合二極體13的配線膜13d上固定有引線7的一端,而與端子6連接。又PN接合二極體11的第2電極膜11c直接與端子5連接。另外,為了輕易以焊料將配線膜11d、12d、13d與第2電極膜11c、12c、13c互相連接,亦可使其表面為由金(Au)或鉛(Pd)所構成之層。
根據如此構成之半導體裝置140,不僅可期待與第1實施型態相同的效果,亦可將由肖特基屏障二極體3所產生的熱透過焊墊4a依序傳遞至積層的3個PN接合二極體11、12、13。因此有效地將具備負的溫度特性的PN接合二極體11、12、13加熱,而可更確實地使過電流導通。
圖9係顯示本發明的第6實施型態之半導體裝置的概略電路構成圖。本實施型態的半導體裝置150,與圖7所示之半導體裝置100的概略電路構成相同,具有串聯連接的多個PN接合二極體2a、2b、2c。本實施型態的半導體裝置150中,作為圖7中的肖特基屏障二極體3的代替,更具備同步整流用金氧半場效電晶體(MOSFET,Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor)14。本實施型態中,以使任意數量(1或2以上)的PN接合二極體的各分壓(順向電壓值)之總值大於1個MOSFET14之順向電壓值的方式串聯連接等,藉此可使PN接合二極體僅在過電流發生時導通,而在一般運作時僅使MOSFET運作。因此,1個PN接合二極體的順向電壓值大於1個MOSFET14之順向電壓值時,PN接合二極體亦可為1個。亦即,本實施型態中,PN接合二極體的數量並不限於圖9所示的構成。另外,僅連接1個PN接合二極體時,藉由與圖9中的PN接合二極體2a相同地將該1個PN接合二極體連接,可望構成與同步整流用MOSFET14搭載於共通之焊墊4a上之態樣。或是亦可構成該1個PN接合二極體與同步整流用MOSFET14分別搭載於經熱連接的各別焊墊上的態樣。藉由這樣的電路構成,與上述實施型態相同,實現了達成同步整流用MOSFET對於過電流之耐久性提升的半導體裝置150。另外,作為同步整流用MOSFET14的材料,與肖特基屏障二極體3相同,當然可以含碳化矽(SiC)或氮化鎵(GaN)的材料構成,藉由以包含具有更大的寬能隙特性之氧化鎵(Ga 2O 3)的氧化物半導體構成,可形成高性能且緻密的半導體裝置。
上述本發明的半導體裝置,為了發揮上述功能而可應用於反向器或轉換器等電力轉換裝置,更具體而言,可以作為內建於反向器或轉換器二極體,而與作為開關元件的閘流體(Thyristor)、功率電晶體、IGBT(Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor)、或圖9所示例的同步整流用MOSFET組合等來使用。圖10係顯示採用了本發明之實施態樣的半導體裝置的控制系統之一例的方塊構成圖。圖11係相同的控制系統的電路圖,且特別是適合搭載於電動汽車(Electric Vehicle)的控制系統的電路圖。
如圖10所示,控制系統500具有電池(電源)501、升壓轉換器502、降壓轉換器503、反向器504、馬達(驅動對象)505、驅動控制部506,此等搭載於電動車。電池501係由例如鎳氫電池或鋰離子電池等蓄電池所構成,藉由充電站的充電或減速時的再生能量等而儲存電力,可輸出電動車的運行系統及電氣系統的運作所必要的直流電壓。升壓轉換器502,例如搭載了截波電路的電壓轉換裝置,藉由截波電路的開關運作將從電池501供給的例如200V的直流電壓升壓至例如650V,而可輸出至馬達等的運行系統。降壓轉換器503亦相同地為搭載了截波電路的電壓轉換裝置,但將從電池501供給的例如200V的直流電壓降壓至例如12V左右,藉此可輸出至包含電動窗、動力轉向或車載電力設備等電氣系統。
反向器504,藉由開關運作將從升壓轉換器502供給的直流電壓轉換成三相的交流電壓而輸出至馬達505。馬達505構成電動車的運行系統的三相交流馬達,藉由從反向器504輸出的三相交流電壓而進行旋轉驅動,再透過圖中未顯示傳動裝置(transmission)等將其旋轉驅動力傳遞至電動車的車輪。
另一方面,使用圖中未顯示的各種感測器,從運行中的電動車量測車輪的旋轉數、扭矩、油門的踩踏量(加速量)等實測值,此等的量測信號輸入驅動控制部506。又同時,反向器504的輸出電壓值亦輸入驅動控制部506。驅動控制部506具有具備中央處理器(CPU,Central Processing Unit)等演算部及記憶體等資料保存部的控制器之功能,使用所輸入之量測信號生成控制信號,作為回饋信號而輸出至反向器504,藉此以開關元件控制開關運作。藉此瞬間修正反向器504給予馬達505的交流電壓,而可正確地執行電動車的運轉控制,實現電動車安全、舒適的運作。另外,藉由將來自驅動控制部506的回饋信號給予升壓轉換器502,亦可控制輸出至反向器504的電壓。
圖11係顯示將圖10中的降壓轉換器503去除的電路構成,亦即僅顯示用以驅動馬達505之構成的電路構成。如該圖所示,本發明的半導體裝置,例如作為肖特基屏障二極體而被用於升壓轉換器502及反向器504,藉此應用於開關控制。升壓轉換器502中,組裝至截波電路以進行截波控制,又反向器504中,組裝至包含IGBT的開關電路,以進行開關控制。另外,藉由使電感器(線圈等)介於電池501的輸出中,來達成電流的穩定化,又電池501、升壓轉換器502、反向器504的各別之間設有電容器(電解電容器(electrolytic condenser)等),藉此達成電壓的穩定化。
又,如圖11中以點線所示,驅動控制部506內設有由中央處理器(CPU,Central Processing Unit)所構成之演算部507與由非揮發性記憶體所構成儲存部508。輸入驅動控制部506的信號被傳送至演算部507,因應必要而進行程式化的演算,藉此生成與各半導體元件相對的回饋信號。又儲存部508,暫時保持演算部507的演算結果,或是將驅動控制所需要的物理常數及函數以表格的形式儲存並適當輸出至演算部507。演算部507及儲存部508可採用習知的構成,其處理能力等亦可任意選定。
如圖10及圖11所示,控制系統500中,升壓轉換器502、降壓轉換器503、反向器504的開關運作中,使用作為二極體或開關元件的閘流體、功率電晶體、IGBT、MOSFET等。藉由在此等的半導體元件中,使用氧化鎵(Ga 2O 3)、尤其是剛玉型氧化鎵(α-Ga 2O 3)作為其材料,可大幅提升開關特性。再者,藉由應用本發明之半導體裝置等,可期待極佳的開關特性,而可實現控制系統500的更加小型化及成本降低。亦即,升壓轉換器502、降壓轉換器503、反向器504皆可期待本發明之效果,此等任一者或任意二者以上的組合,或是亦包含驅動控制部506之型態的任一者,皆可期待本發明的效果。
另外,上述的控制系統500,不僅可將本發明的半導體裝置應用於電動車的控制系統,亦可應用於將來自直流電源的電力進行升壓/降壓,或是從直流進行電力轉換而成為交流之類的所有用途的控制系統。又,亦可使用太陽能電池等電源作為電池。
圖12系顯示可應用本發明之實施態樣的半導體裝置的控制系統之其他例的方塊構成圖,圖13係相同控制系統的電路圖,其係適合搭載於以來自交流電源的電力運作的基礎設備或家電設備等的控制系統的電路圖。
如圖12所示,控制系統600,係輸入由外部的例如三相交流電源(電源)601所供給的電力,其具有AC/DC轉換器602、反向器604、馬達(驅動對象)605、驅動控制部606,此等可搭載於各種設備(後述)。三相交流電源601為例如電力公司的發電設施(火力發電廠、水力發電廠、地熱發電廠、核電廠等),其輸出透過變電所降壓並且作為交流電壓以進行供給。又,例如以自家發電機等型態設置於大樓內或鄰近設施內而以電纜進行供給。AC/DC轉換器602係將交流電壓轉換成直流電壓的電壓轉換裝置,將由三相交流電源601所供給的100V或200V的交流電壓轉換成既定的直流電壓。具體而言,藉由電壓轉換,轉換成3.3V、5V或是12V之類的一般使用的預期直流電壓。驅動對象為馬達的情況中轉換成12V。另外,亦可採用單相交流電源代替三相交流電源,此情況中,只要使AC/DC轉換器為單相輸入,則可作為相同的系統構成。
反向器604,係藉由開關運作將由AC/DC轉換器602所供給之直流電壓轉換成三相的交流電壓而輸出至馬達605。馬達605,其型態根據控制對象而有所不同,控制對象為電動車的情況係用以驅動車輪的三相交流馬達,工廠設備的情況係用以驅動泵及各種動力源的三相交流馬達,家電設備的情況係用以驅動壓縮機等的三相交流馬達,藉由從反向器604所輸出的三相交流電壓進行旋轉驅動,並將該旋轉驅動力傳遞至圖中未顯示的驅動對象。
另外,例如家電設備中,亦有許多可直接供給從AC/DC轉換器302輸出之直流電壓的驅動對象(例如電腦、LED照明設備、映像設備、音響設備等),此時控制系統600中不需要反向器604,如圖12所示,從AC/DC轉換器602對於驅動對象供給直流電壓。此情況中,例如對於電腦等供給3.3V的直流電壓,對於LED照明設備等供給5V的直流電壓。
另一方面,使用圖中未顯示的各種感測器,量測驅動對象的旋轉數、扭矩、或是驅動對象周邊環境的溫度、流量等之類的實測值,此等的量測信號被輸入驅動控制部606。又同時,反向器604的輸出電壓值亦輸入驅動控制部606。以此等的測量信號為基準,驅動控制部606給予反向器604回饋信號,控制由開關元件所進行的開關運作。藉此,藉由瞬間修正反向器604給予馬達605的交流電壓,可正確地執行驅動對象的運轉控制,而實現驅動對象的穩定運作。又,如上所述,驅動對象能夠由直流電壓所驅動的情況,亦可對於AC/DC轉換器602進行回饋控制,以代替對於反向器的回饋。
圖13係顯示圖12的電路構成。如該圖所示,本發明的半導體裝置,例如,作為肖特基屏障二極體而被用於AC/DC轉換器602及反向器604,藉此應用於開關控制。AC/DC轉換器602,例如係使用將肖特基屏障二極體進行電路構成而成為橋接狀者,將輸入電壓的負電壓部分進行變壓整流而成為正電壓,藉此進行直流轉換。又在反向器604中,組裝至IGBT中的開關電路以進行開關控制。另外,在三相交流電源601與AC/DC轉換器602之間設有電感器(線圈等),藉此達到電流的穩定化,又AC/DC轉換器602與反向器604之間設有電容器(電解電容器等),藉此達到電壓的穩定化。
又,如圖13中以點線所示,在驅動控制部606內設有CPU所構成之演算部607與非揮發性記憶體所構成之儲存部608。輸入驅動控制部606的信號被傳遞至演算部607,因應必要而進行程式化的演算,藉此生成與各半導體元件相對的回饋信號。又儲存部608暫時保存演算部607的演算結果,或是將驅動控制所需的物理常數或函數等以表格的形式儲存並適當輸出至演算部607。演算部607及儲存部608可採用習知的構成,其處理能力等亦可任意選定。
這樣的控制系統600中,與圖10及圖11所示之控制系統500相同,亦在AC/DC轉換器602及反向器604的整流運作及開關運作中使用作為二極體或開關元件的閘流體、功率電晶體、IGBT、MOSFET等。藉由在此等半導體元件中,使用氧化鎵(Ga 2O 3)、尤其是剛玉型氧化鎵(α-Ga 2O 3)作為其材料,藉此提升開關特性。再者,藉由應用本發明之半導體裝置,可期待極佳的開關特性,並且可實現控制系統600進一步的小型化及成本降低。亦即,AC/DC轉換器602、反向器604的任一皆可期待本發明之效果,此等任一者或其組合、或是亦包含驅動控制部606的型態的任一種,皆可期待本發明的效果。
另外,圖12及圖13中雖例示馬達605作為驅動對象,但驅動對象並不限於機械運作者,亦可以將需要交流電壓的許多設備作為對象。只要是從交流電源輸入電力以將驅動對象驅動,則可應用控制系統600,可以基礎設備(例如大樓及工廠等的電力設備、通信設備、交通管制設備、淨水處理設備、系統設備、省力設備、列車等)或家電設備(例如,冰箱、洗衣機、電腦、LED照明設備、影像設備、音響設備等)之類的設備為對象,而搭載控制系統600以對該等對象進行驅動控制。
以上雖說明本發明的各實施型態,但本發明不限於此等實施型態,只要在不脫離本發明之主旨的範圍內,當然可實施各種變化。
例如,在上述第1至第4實施型態中,僅有1個PN接合二極體直接載置於與肖特基屏障二極體共通的焊墊上,但亦可將2個或3個PN接合二極體平面地載置於與肖特基屏障二極體共通的焊墊,藉此可更提升對於過電流的耐久性,而且焊墊的設計變得容易。肖特基屏障二極體與多個PN接合二極體皆載置於共通的焊墊上時,只要1個焊墊即可。此時,藉由具有1個縱型PN接合二極體而其餘皆為橫型PN接合二極體,包含肖特基屏障二極體的二極體彼此的電連接變得容易,而置於同一襯墊上變得極為容易。又,如第5實施型態所示,藉由將多個PN接合二極體中的幾個積層而進行載置,可更縮小焊墊的總面積及半導體裝置的安裝面積。
共通地載置了PN接合二極體與肖特基屏障二極體的焊墊,較佳為以同一構件所構成,但只要充分進行熱連接,則不必為相同構件。具體而言,即使PN接合二極體與肖特基屏障二極體分別載置於不同的焊墊上,但在此等2個焊墊以導熱率高的連接構件熱連接的情況、或是2個焊墊與該連接構件皆為相同材料(例如銅等)的情況,則可期待此等情況與一體形成的情況具有同等的效果。
又,串聯連接的PN接合二極體不限於3個,可考量所採用之肖特基屏障二極體與PN接合二極體的順向電壓的關係(圖8)以及突波耐壓、反向耐壓等而設定任意的數量。此情況中,多個PN接合二極體之耐壓的總和亦必須大於肖特基屏障二極體的耐壓,但兩者耐壓的差值小者較佳,較佳係設定為兩者具有大致相同程度之耐壓。
又,半導體裝置上的焊墊尺寸或形狀亦不限於圖中所示者,只要可維持對於過電流的耐久性,則可將肖特基屏障二極體及PN接合二極體設置於任何焊墊上。
又,多個PN接合二極體不僅可以焊料或線接合進行電連接,亦可以排線或銅夾具等連接。
又,例如在圖11或圖13中,較佳係設計成:多個PN接合二極體之耐壓的總和與肖特基屏障二極體的耐壓皆小於與此等並聯連接之開關元件的耐壓。
另外,當然可將本發明之多個實施型態組合或是將一部份的構成要件應用於其他實施型態,其亦屬於本發明的實施型態。
2a、2b、2c、2d、2e、11、12、13:PN接合二極體 3:肖特基屏障二極體 4a、4b、4c:焊墊 4a1:第1區域(第1墊部) 4a2:第2區域(第2墊部) 5、6:端子 7a、7b、7c、7d、7e、8:引線 10:封裝 11a:半導體本體 11b:第1電極膜 11c:第2電極膜 11d:配線膜 11e:鈍化膜 11f:聚醯亞胺膜 13d:配線膜 14:金氧半場效電晶體(MOSFET,Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) 100、110、120、130、140、150:半導體裝置 500:控制系統 501:電池(電源) 502:升壓轉換器 503:降壓轉換器 504:反向器 505:馬達(驅動對象) 506:驅動控制部 507:演算部 508:儲存部 600:控制系統 601:三相交流電源(電源) 602:AC/DC轉換器 604:反向器 605:馬達(驅動對象) 606:驅動控制部 607:演算部 608:儲存部
圖1係顯示本發明的第1實施型態之半導體裝置的內部配置構成的俯視圖。 圖2係顯示本發明的第2實施型態之半導體裝置的內部配置構成的俯視圖。 圖3係顯示本發明的第3實施型態之半導體裝置的內部配置構成的俯視圖。 圖4係顯示本發明的第4實施型態之半導體裝置的內部配置構成的俯視圖。 圖5係顯示本發明的第4實施型態之半導體裝置的內部配置構成的立體圖。 圖6係顯示本發明的第5實施型態之半導體裝置的內部配置構成的側視圖。 圖7係顯示本發明的第1實施型態之半導體裝置的概略電路構成圖。 圖8係顯示用以說明本發明的半導體裝置動作之I-V曲線的圖表。 圖9係顯示本發明的第6實施型態之半導體裝置的概略電路構成圖。 圖10係顯示採用了本發明之實施態樣的半導體裝置的控制系統之一例的方塊構成圖。 圖11係顯示採用了本發明之實施態樣的半導體裝置的控制系統之一例的電路圖。 圖12係顯示採用了本發明之實施態樣的半導體裝置的控制系統之另一例的方塊構成圖。 圖13係顯示採用了本發明之實施態樣的半導體裝置的控制系統之另一例的電路圖。
2a、2b、2c:PN接合二極體
3:肖特基屏障二極體
4a、4b、4c:焊墊
4a1:第1區域(第1襯墊部)
4a2:第2區域(第2襯墊部)
5、6:端子
7a、7b、7c、8:引線
100:半導體裝置

Claims (21)

  1. 一種半導體裝置,具有: 多個PN接合二極體,具備負的溫度特性,並且串聯連接; 肖特基屏障二極體,具備正的溫度特性,與該些PN接合二極體並聯連接;及 焊墊,該些PN接合二極體的至少一者與該肖特基屏障二極體共同載置於該焊墊上。
  2. 如請求項1所述之半導體裝置,其中該些PN接合二極體的各順向電壓的總和大於該肖特基屏障二極體的順向電壓。
  3. 如請求項1或2所述之半導體裝置,其中該些PN接合二極體的至少一者為縱型二極體。
  4. 如請求項1至3中任一項所述之半導體裝置,其中該些PN接合二極體的至少其一積層且載置於其他PN接合二極體上。
  5. 如請求項1至4中任一項所述之半導體裝置,其中該些PN接合二極體皆載置於相同的焊墊上。
  6. 如請求項1至5中任一項所述之半導體裝置,其中該些PN接合二極體分別含矽。
  7. 如請求項1至6中任一項所述之半導體裝置,其中該些PN接合二極體含PiN二極體。
  8. 如請求項1至7中任一項所述之半導體裝置,其中該肖特基屏障二極體含有氧化鎵或其混晶。
  9. 一種半導體裝置,具有: 多個PN接合二極體,具備負的溫度特性,並且串聯連接; 肖特基屏障二極體,具備正的溫度特性,與該些PN接合二極體並聯連接; 多個第1焊墊部,該些PN接合二極體載置於該些第1焊墊部上;及 第2焊墊部,該肖特基屏障二極體載置於該第2焊墊部上; 該些第1焊墊部的至少其一與該第2焊墊部熱連接。
  10. 如請求項9所述之半導體裝置,其中該些第1焊墊部的至少其一與該第2焊墊部為一體形成。
  11. 如請求項9或10所述之半導體裝置,其中該些PN接合二極體的各順向電壓的總和大於該肖特基屏障二極體的順向電壓。
  12. 如請求項9至11中任一項所述之半導體裝置,其中該些PN接合二極體的至少其一為縱型二極體。
  13. 如請求項9至12中任一項所述之半導體裝置,其中該些PN接合二極體的至少其一積層且載置其他PN接合二極體上。
  14. 如請求項9至13中任一項所述之半導體裝置,其中該些PN接合二極體皆載置於相同焊墊部上。
  15. 如請求項9至14中任一項所述之半導體裝置,其中該些PN接合二極體分別含矽。
  16. 如請求項9至15中任一項所述之半導體裝置,其中該些PN接合二極體包含PiN二極體。
  17. 如請求項9至16中任一項所述之半導體裝置,其中該肖特基屏障二極體含有氧化鎵或其混晶。
  18. 一種半導體裝置,具有: PN接合二極體,具備負的溫度特性; MOSFET(Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor),具備正的溫度特性,與該PN接合二極體並聯連接;及 焊墊,該PN接合二極體與該MOSFET共同載置於該焊墊上。
  19. 一種半導體裝置,具備: PN接合二極體,具備負的溫度特性; MOSFET,具備正的溫度特性,與該PN接合二極體並聯連接; 第1焊墊部,該PN接合二極體載置於其上;及 第2焊墊部,該MOSFET載置於其上; 該第1焊墊部與該第2焊墊部熱連接。
  20. 一種電力轉換裝置,其中使用如請求項1至19中任一項所述之半導體裝置。
  21. 一種控制系統,其中使用如請求項1至19中任一項所述之半導體裝置。
TW110130772A 2020-08-20 2021-08-19 半導體裝置 TW202226523A (zh)

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