TW202222882A - 製備含胺基甲酸酯基團之烯系不飽和化合物之方法 - Google Patents

製備含胺基甲酸酯基團之烯系不飽和化合物之方法 Download PDF

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TW202222882A
TW202222882A TW110133407A TW110133407A TW202222882A TW 202222882 A TW202222882 A TW 202222882A TW 110133407 A TW110133407 A TW 110133407A TW 110133407 A TW110133407 A TW 110133407A TW 202222882 A TW202222882 A TW 202222882A
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艾曼諾爾 史拜盧
霍格 羅奇
蘇珊 客斯特
安德力亞 戴斯夫德
安德利 席辛
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德商贏創運營有限公司
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Abstract

本發明係關於由下列各者製備至少一種含胺基甲酸酯基團之烯系不飽和化合物之方法, i) 二異氰酸酯, ii) 至少一種具有至少一個羥基和至少一個烯系不飽和可聚合基團之化合物, iii) 和視情況選用之至少一種含羥基化合物, 其中 1. 在該反應前立即測定二異氰酸酯之過氧化物含量, 2. a) 若該測得之過氧化物含量大於或等於20 mmol/kg,則蒸餾純化該二異氰酸酯直至該測得過氧化物含量小於20 mmol/kg, 或者 b) 若該測得過氧化物含量小於20 mmol/kg,則不進行蒸餾純化,並且 3. 然後使i)a)之餾得二異氰酸酯及/或b)之未經處理二異氰酸酯與ii)至少一種具有至少一個羥基和至少一個烯系不飽和可聚合基團之化合物並視情況與iii)至少一種含羥基化合物反應以獲得含胺基甲酸酯基團之烯系不飽和化合物。

Description

製備含胺基甲酸酯基團之烯系不飽和化合物之方法
本發明係關於一種由二異氰酸酯和至少一種具有烯系不飽和可聚合基團之含羥基化合物製備至少一種含胺基甲酸酯基團之烯系不飽和化合物的方法。
具有烯系不飽和基團之含胺基甲酸酯基團的化合物在輻射固化塗料組成物中係扮演重要角色。
例如,US 4,260,703 A揭露可單獨或與其他組分諸如溶劑、反應性寡聚物和單體、交聯劑、填料或其他添加劑一起用於塗料組成物中的酯二元醇胺基甲酸酯丙烯酸酯。
WO 2017/151387 A1揭露製備可固化樹脂組成物之方法,該方法係使異氰酸酯、多元醇混合物和封端劑(可為丙烯酸羥烷基酯或甲基丙烯酸羥烷基酯)反應。所得樹脂組成物可用於生產複合材料、塗料、黏合劑、印刷油墨、封裝和鑄造組件。
迄今,所製得含胺基甲酸酯基團之烯系不飽和化合物或其前驅物具有不希望得到之過早聚合(膠化)傾向的缺點。因此對防止此過早聚合有興趣。
令人驚奇地,已發現尤其在相對較舊批次之含胺基甲酸酯基團之烯系不飽和化合物中,存在著導致所述膠化之過氧化物雜質。此外亦發現在所用二異氰酸酯批次中過氧化物含量小於20 mmol/kg時,則不希望得到之過早聚合/膠化不會發生。
因此,本發明提供一種由i) 二異氰酸酯,ii) 至少一種具有至少一個羥基和至少一個烯系不飽和可聚合基團之化合物,和iii) 視情況選用之至少一種含羥基化合物製備至少一種含胺基甲酸酯基團之烯系不飽和化合物的方法,其中 1. 在該反應前立即測定二異氰酸酯之過氧化物含量, 2. a) 若該測得過氧化物含量大於或等於20 mmol/kg,則蒸餾純化該二異氰酸酯直至該測得過氧化物含量小於20 mmol/kg, 或者 b) 若該測得過氧化物含量小於20 mmol/kg,則不進行蒸餾純化,並且 3. 然後使i) a)之餾得二異氰酸酯及/或b)之未經處理二異氰酸酯與ii) 至少一種具有至少一個羥基和至少一個烯系不飽和可聚合基團之化合物並視情況與iii) 至少一種含羥基化合物反應以獲得含胺基甲酸酯基團之烯系不飽和化合物。
本發明提供一種由二異氰酸酯和至少一種具有至少一個羥基和至少一個烯系不飽和可聚合基團之化合物製備至少一種含胺基甲酸酯基團之烯系不飽和化合物的方法。該“二異氰酸酯”反應物可為單二異氰酸酯或二異氰酸酯之混合物。該反應物較佳正好為一種二異氰酸酯。
較佳地,所用二異氰酸酯中之至少一者為(環)脂族二異氰酸酯,即具有至少一個直接鍵結至脂族環之異氰酸酯基團可能和另一個脂族鍵結之異氰酸酯基團(即經由伸烷基連接至該脂族環之一者)的二異氰酸酯。更佳地,僅使用一種(環)脂族二異氰酸酯。極特佳地,所用二異氰酸酯中之至少一者為異佛酮二異氰酸酯(IPDI)或4,4’-二異氰酸基二環己基甲烷(H12MDI)。又更佳地,異佛酮二異氰酸酯係用作唯一的二異氰酸酯。若使用異佛酮二異氰酸酯,則不論其係經由尿素法或經由光氣法所獲得並不重要。
具有至少一個羥基和至少一個烯系不飽和可聚合基團之化合物原則上可為具有至少一個羥基和至少一個烯系不飽和可聚合基團之任何化合物。其較佳具有正好一個羥基和正好一個烯系不飽和基團。
具有至少一個羥基和至少一個烯系不飽和可聚合基團之較佳化合物可選自由丙烯酸羥烷基酯、甲基丙烯酸羥烷基酯和羥烷基乙烯基醚組成之群組。此等較佳為該羥烷基具有C 2-C 10伸烷基,較佳係線型C 2-C 10伸烷基之化合物。極特佳為丙烯酸羥乙基酯、甲基丙烯酸羥乙基酯、丙烯酸羥丙基酯和甲基丙烯酸羥丙基酯。
在二異氰酸酯與至少一種具有至少一個羥基和至少一個烯系不飽和可聚合基團之化合物部分或完全反應之前,先測定欲使用二異氰酸酯中之過氧化物含量。該過氧化物含量係根據DIN EN ISO 27107測得,並以mmol/kg為單位測得。
在此情況下,較佳係將在該反應“之前”理解為意指在二異氰酸酯與至少一種反應物混合之前14天至5分鐘的時間窗口。極特佳係將其理解為意指在該反應之前2天(48小時)的時間。
若僅使用一種二異氰酸酯,則該欲使用之二異氰酸酯的過氧化物含量係按該欲使用之二異氰酸酯的總質量(以仟克為單位)計的過氧化物含量(以mmol為單位)。若使用多於一種之二異氰酸酯,則該欲使用之二異氰酸酯的過氧化物含量係按所有欲使用之二異氰酸酯的總質量(以仟克為單位)計的過氧化物總含量(以mmol為單位)。
若如上文所定義般測得之過氧化物含量小於20 mmol/kg,則不採取進一步措施,因為預期不因存在此種濃度之過氧化物而產生明顯缺點。因此該反應物可直接反應。
然而,若如上文所定義般測得之過氧化物含量大於或等於20 mmol/kg,則蒸餾純化該二異氰酸酯反應物。若僅使用一種二異氰酸酯,則藉由蒸餾純化每批次過氧化物含量大於或等於20 mmol/kg之二異氰酸酯,直至每批次之過氧化物含量小於20 mmol/kg。若意圖使用兩種或更多種二異氰酸酯,則藉由蒸餾純化每批次過氧化物含量大於或等於20 mmol/kg之各二異氰酸酯,直至每批次之各二異氰酸酯的過氧化物含量小於20 mmol/k。
該蒸餾純化較佳係在合適的蒸餾塔或蒸餾單元,例如短程或薄膜蒸餾裝置中,於合適壓力和取決於該二異氰酸酯之沸點溫度的溫度下進行。在此情況下,該最低蒸餾溫度較佳應不低於100℃。
除了二異氰酸酯i)和至少一種具有至少一個羥基和至少一個烯系不飽和可聚合基團之化合物ii)之外,視情況另外可將iii) 至少一種含羥基化合物用於該至少一種烯系不飽和化合物之製備中。若為此情況,則可製備具有較佳性質之含胺基甲酸酯基團的烯系不飽和化合物。化合物iii)不具有任何烯系不飽和基團。
較佳含羥基化合物iii)可選自由二元醇和多元醇組成之群組。將多元醇理解為具有(平均)多於兩個羥基的含羥基化合物。該二元醇或多元醇可為單體、寡聚或聚合。較佳寡聚和聚合二元醇和多元醇具有5至500 mg KOH/g之OH值(根據DIN EN ISO 4692-2所測得)。較佳二元醇和多元醇為脂族二元醇和多元醇、聚酯二元醇和多元醇以及聚醚二元醇和多元醇。
該所用含羥基化合物iii)較佳為二元醇。
i) 二異氰酸酯、ii) 具有至少一個羥基和至少一個烯系不飽和可聚合基團之化合物和視情況選用之iii) 含羥基化合物的反應較佳係在至少一種催化劑的存在下於0-160℃的溫度下進行。在此情況下,該壓力未特別設定,並且相當於近1 bar之環境壓力。較佳反應溫度為40-140℃,又更佳為60-90℃。
較佳反應時間係在介於3分鐘和3小時之間。
合適的催化劑為聚胺基甲酸酯化學中慣用的催化劑。較佳催化劑可選自由胺類催化劑(較佳為二氮雜雙環辛烷)和過渡金屬基催化劑組成之群組。特佳過渡金屬基催化劑為月桂酸二丁基錫、新癸酸鉍、辛酸鋅和乙醯丙酮鋯。
按所用組分的質量計,該催化劑的使用量較佳為0.001%-1.5%(按重量計),該使用量更佳為0.01%-0.8 %(按重量計),又更佳為0.05%-0.1%(按重量計)。
儘管原則上亦可使用溶劑(尤其是丙酮、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯和乙酸甲氧基丙基酯),但較佳係在無溶劑的情況下進行。
根據本發明方法可批式或連續地進行。較佳係以批式程序進行之。
若在根據本發明方法中使用至少一種二異氰酸酯i)、至少一種具有至少一個羥基和至少一個烯系不飽和可聚合基團之化合物ii)和至少一種含羥基化合物iii),所有反應物i)、ii)和iii)原則上可彼此同時反應。然而,先使二異氰酸酯i)與至少一種具有至少一個羥基和至少一個烯系不飽和可聚合基團之化合物ii)反應,之後才加入至少一種含羥基化合物iii)係極特別有利的。
然而,基於其他原因,先使二異氰酸酯i)與至少一種含羥基化合物iii)反應,然後才加入至少一種具有至少一個羥基和至少一個烯系不飽和可聚合基團ii)之化合物(預聚合物模式)亦可能有利的。
即使該測得過氧化物含量大於或等於10 mmol/kg,蒸餾純化該二異氰酸酯直至該測得過氧化物含量小於10 mmol/kg時,也會額外產生特別良好之含胺基甲酸酯基團之烯系不飽和化合物。更佳地,即使該測得過氧化物含量大於或等於1 mmol/kg,蒸餾純化該二異氰酸酯直至該測得過氧化物含量小於1 mmol/kg。
當該二異氰酸酯具有至少0.1 mmol/kg之過氧化物,即每批次具有至少0.1 mmol/kg之過氧化物時,其係格外有利的。
更佳地,亦進行根據本發明方法,使得在步驟2中 a) 若該測得過氧化物含量大於10 mmol/kg,則蒸餾純化該二異氰酸酯直至該測得過氧化物含量小於或等於10 mmol/kg,但大於或等於0.1 mmol/kg, 或者若該測得過氧化物含量小於0.1 mmol/kg,則加入過氧化物直至該過氧化物含量大於或等於0.1 mmol/kg,但小於或等於10 mmol/kg,或者 b) 若該測得過氧化物含量小於或等於10 mmol/kg,但大於或等於0.1 mmol/kg,則不採取進一步措施。
實施例:
本發明實施例
在30 min內,將139 g丙烯酸羥乙基酯(1.2 mol,Aldrich)逐滴加入222 g過氧化物含量<10 mmol/kg之異佛酮二異氰酸酯(IPDI,1 mol,Evonik Industries)和0.7 g二月桂酸二丁基錫之混合物中,然後將該混合物加熱至70℃並另保持1 h以完成反應。然後在此溫度下於30 min內逐滴加入390 g之Poly THF 1000(DuPont,聚醚二元醇,OH值115),然後再次將該混合物保持在70℃下1 h。之後該NCO值為< 0.1%。該反應產物(胺基甲酸酯丙烯酸酯)為無色液體。
比較實施例
在30 min內,將139 g丙烯酸羥乙基酯(1.2 mol,Aldrich)逐滴加入222 g過氧化物含量為110 mmol/kg之異佛酮二異氰酸酯(IPDI,1 mol,Evonik Industries,已在80℃下將乾空氣注入其中三天)和0.7 g二月桂酸二丁基錫之混合物中,然後將該混合物加熱至70℃並另保持1 h以完成反應。然後在此溫度下於30 min內逐滴加入390 g之Poly THF 1000(DuPont,聚醚二元醇,OH值115),然後再次將該混合物保持在70℃下1 h。之後該NCO值為< 0.1%。該反應產物(胺基甲酸酯丙烯酸酯)為無色液體。
兩種反應產物皆避光保存在60℃下。根據本發明方法所製得之胺基甲酸酯丙烯酸酯在60℃下兩週之後仍為液體,黏度無任何顯著變化。基於IPDI並具有高過氧化物含量之胺基甲酸酯丙烯酸酯在60℃下5 h之後為固體,並因此為儲存不穩定。

Claims (12)

  1. 一種由下列各者製備至少一種含胺基甲酸酯基團之烯系不飽和化合物之方法, i) 二異氰酸酯, ii) 至少一種具有至少一個羥基和至少一個烯系不飽和可聚合基團之化合物, iii) 和視情況選用之至少一種含羥基化合物,其中 1. 在該反應前立即測定二異氰酸酯之過氧化物含量, 2. a) 若該測得過氧化物含量大於或等於20 mmol/kg,則蒸餾純化該二異氰酸酯直至該測得過氧化物含量小於20 mmol/kg,或者 b) 若該測得過氧化物含量小於20 mmol/kg,則不進行蒸餾純化,並且 3. 然後使i) a)之餾得二異氰酸酯及/或b)之未經處理二異氰酸酯與ii) 至少一種具有至少一個羥基和至少一個烯系不飽和可聚合基團之化合物並視情況與iii)至少一種含羥基化合物反應以獲得含胺基甲酸酯基團之烯系不飽和化合物。
  2. 根據請求項1之方法,其中該方法使用二異氰酸酯。
  3. 根據請求項1或2之方法,其中該所用二異氰酸酯中之至少一者為(環)脂族二異氰酸酯。
  4. 根據前述請求項中任一項之方法,其中該所用二異氰酸酯中之至少一者為異佛酮二異氰酸酯或4,4’-二異氰酸基二環己基甲烷。
  5. 根據前述請求項中任一項之方法,其中該具有至少一個羥基和至少一個烯系不飽和基團之化合物係選自由丙烯酸羥烷基酯、甲基丙烯酸羥烷基酯和羥烷基乙烯基醚組成之群組。
  6. 根據請求項5之方法,其中該丙烯酸羥烷基酯、甲基丙烯酸羥烷基酯或羥烷基乙烯基醚之伸烷基為C 2-C 10伸烷基。
  7. 根據前述請求項中任一項之方法,其中該方法係使用至少一種含羥基化合物iii)。
  8. 根據請求項7之方法,其中該至少一種含羥基化合物iii)係選自由脂族二元醇、脂族多元醇、聚酯二元醇和聚酯多元醇以及聚醚二元醇和聚醚多元醇組成之群組。
  9. 根據前述請求項中任一項之方法,其中該反應係在至少一種催化劑的存在下於0-160°C的溫度下進行。
  10. 根據請求項9之方法,其中該催化劑係選自由二氮雜雙環辛烷、二月桂酸二丁基錫、新癸酸鉍、辛酸鋅和乙醯丙酮鋯組成之群組。
  11. 根據請求項7-10中任一項之方法,其中進行該方法,使得第一二異氰酸酯i)與至少一種具有至少一個羥基和至少一個烯系不飽和可聚合基團之化合物ii)反應,並且之後僅加入至少一種含羥基化合物iii)。
  12. 根據前述請求項中任一項之方法,其中在步驟2中 a) 若該測得過氧化物含量大於10 mmol/kg,則蒸餾純化該二異氰酸酯直至該測得過氧化物含量小於或等於10 mmol/kg,但大於或等於0.1 mmol/kg, 或者 若該測得過氧化物含量小於0.1 mmol/kg,則加入過氧化物直至該過氧化物含量大於或等於0.1 mmol/kg,但小於或等於10 mmol/kg,或者 b) 若該測得過氧化物含量小於或等於10 mmol/kg,但大於或等於0.1 mmol/kg,則不採取進一步措施。
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