TW202208148A - 螺旋機 - Google Patents

螺旋機 Download PDF

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TW202208148A
TW202208148A TW110131152A TW110131152A TW202208148A TW 202208148 A TW202208148 A TW 202208148A TW 110131152 A TW110131152 A TW 110131152A TW 110131152 A TW110131152 A TW 110131152A TW 202208148 A TW202208148 A TW 202208148A
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Taiwan
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filter
screw
exhaust port
screw hole
pipe
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TW110131152A
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TWI781736B (zh
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鈴木照三
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日商芝浦機械股份有限公司
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B29B7/48Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
    • B29B7/482Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws provided with screw parts in addition to other mixing parts, e.g. paddles, gears, discs
    • B29B7/483Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws provided with screw parts in addition to other mixing parts, e.g. paddles, gears, discs the other mixing parts being discs perpendicular to the screw axis
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50Details of extruders
    • B29C48/76Venting, drying means; Degassing means
    • B29C48/765Venting, drying means; Degassing means in the extruder apparatus
    • B29C48/766Venting, drying means; Degassing means in the extruder apparatus in screw extruders
    • B29C48/767Venting, drying means; Degassing means in the extruder apparatus in screw extruders through a degassing opening of a barrel
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B29B7/48Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B29B7/48Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
    • B29B7/486Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws with screws surrounded by a casing provided with grooves or cavities
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29B7/30Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B29B7/48Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
    • B29B7/488Parts, e.g. casings, sealings; Accessories, e.g. flow controlling or throttling devices
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/58Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/58Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29B7/72Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29B7/728Measuring data of the driving system, e.g. torque, speed, power, vibration
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/80Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29B7/84Venting or degassing ; Removing liquids, e.g. by evaporating components
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/80Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29B7/84Venting or degassing ; Removing liquids, e.g. by evaporating components
    • B29B7/845Venting, degassing or removing evaporated components in devices with rotary stirrers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/80Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29B7/86Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations for working at sub- or superatmospheric pressure
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/40Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/40Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
    • B29C48/405Intermeshing co-rotating screws
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/40Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
    • B29C48/41Intermeshing counter-rotating screws
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50Details of extruders
    • B29C48/69Filters or screens for the moulding material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50Details of extruders
    • B29C48/69Filters or screens for the moulding material
    • B29C48/691Arrangements for replacing filters, e.g. with two parallel filters for alternate use
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50Details of extruders
    • B29C48/69Filters or screens for the moulding material
    • B29C48/692Filters or screens for the moulding material in the form of webs displaceable for using adjacent areas consecutively
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50Details of extruders
    • B29C48/76Venting, drying means; Degassing means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
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    • B29C48/76Venting, drying means; Degassing means
    • B29C48/763Vent constructions, e.g. venting means avoiding melt escape
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
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    • B29C48/76Venting, drying means; Degassing means
    • B29C48/765Venting, drying means; Degassing means in the extruder apparatus
    • B29C48/766Venting, drying means; Degassing means in the extruder apparatus in screw extruders
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
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    • B29B7/80Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29B7/82Heating or cooling
    • B29B7/823Temperature control
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C2948/92Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92504Controlled parameter
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/27Cleaning; Purging; Avoiding contamination

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Formation And Processing Of Food Products (AREA)

Abstract

擠出機100具備:螺桿10,藉由第一馬達30使其繞著軸線旋轉驅動;管20,具有插入有螺桿10的螺桿孔21及用以排出螺桿孔21內空氣的排氣口25;過濾器40,其一部分面向管20的排氣口25;以及過濾器驅動機構60,使過濾器40移位,從而改變在過濾器40中面向排氣口25的部分。

Description

螺旋機
本發明係關於一種螺旋機。
在日本專利公開公報特開2014-223804號中,公開一種用以供應塊材並進行加工的螺旋機。此螺旋機具備:殼體、設於殼體內的軸、設於軸之外周的螺旋元件、以及過濾器,該過濾器為排除塊材的氣體而以可分離的方式配置在殼體之開口部。
如日本專利公開公報特開2014-223804號所記載,在螺旋機中,為了排除材料的氣體(排除空氣)而在殼體設置開口部的同時,在開口部設置過濾器,以使殼體內部的材料不會透過開口部排出。
此種過濾器中,在表面會有由附著材料所導致的堵塞。因此,在螺旋機中,需要有將過濾器從螺旋機分離以進行交換或洗淨等過濾器的維護作業。此種維護作業由於需要在螺旋機停止運作的狀態下進行,因此會導致由螺旋機所造成的生產性降低。
本發明的目的為提供一種可提高生產性的螺旋機。
根據本發明的態樣,螺旋機具備:螺桿,藉由驅動源使其繞著軸線旋轉驅動;管,具有插入有螺桿的螺桿孔及用以排出螺桿孔內的材料中之空氣的排氣口;過濾器,其一部分面向管的排氣口;以及過濾器驅動部,使過濾器移位,從而改變在過濾器中面向排氣口的部分。
以下參照圖式,針對關於本發明實施形態的螺旋機進行說明。此外,為便於說明,在各圖式中,各結構的比例尺有進行適當變更,未必精準如圖所示。另外,對於複數個同一結構,僅一部分有賦予符號,對於其他部分則省略符號。
本實施形態的螺旋機係為一種擠出機,為將向管20的螺桿孔21所供應的粒狀或粉狀材料在藉由螺桿10a、10b搬運的同時一邊混練,並將所混練的材料從管20的吐出口23擠出而成形。以下,將本實施形態的螺旋機作為「擠出機100」進行說明。
擠出機100如圖1及圖2所示,具備:一對螺桿10a、10b;管20,具有插入一對螺桿10a、10b的螺桿孔21;第一馬達30,作為驅動源使一對螺桿10a、10b在螺桿孔21內旋轉;以及控制器80,控制擠出機100的運作。如此,擠出機100為具備一對螺桿10a、10b的擠出機,亦即為雙軸混練擠出機。
如圖1所示,管20以朝一方向延伸的方式形成,並為沿其長邊方向形成有一對插入孔21a、21b(參照圖2)的筒狀構件。一對插入孔21a、21b相互連通,藉由一對插入孔21a、21b形成螺桿孔21。
在管20之長邊方向的一端,形成有在螺桿孔21開口並用以向螺桿孔21內供應材料的供應口22。在管20之長邊方向的另一端,形成有在螺桿孔21開口並用以將藉由溶融及混練的材料所生成的混練物吐出的吐出口23。以下,將螺桿孔21中的供應口22側(圖1中右側)稱為螺桿孔21的「上游」,將吐出口23側(圖1中左側)稱為螺桿孔21的「下游」。透過供應口22向螺桿孔21內供應的材料,係藉由一對螺桿10a、10b向下游搬運,並透過吐出口23吐出至管20外。
另外,雖然圖中省略,但可在管20中設置加熱管20的加熱裝置、冷卻管20的冷卻裝置、用以進行去揮發的真空裝置、檢測管20溫度的溫度感測器等。
如圖2所示,一對螺桿10a、10b具有相互相同的形狀並平行地延伸設置,以相互咬合的狀態插入於管20的螺桿孔21内。一對螺桿10a、10b藉由第一馬達30(參照圖1)以相同方向繞各自的中心軸(軸線)旋轉。換言之,一對螺桿10a、10b相互同步地旋轉。以下,將一對螺桿10a、10b統稱為「螺桿10」,並針對具體結構進行說明。
如圖1所示,螺桿10為一種軸構件,其係連接於第一馬達30的基端朝向前端並沿管20的長邊方向設置。螺桿10的基端位於螺桿孔21的上游,前端位於螺桿孔21的下游。
螺桿10具有:運送部11,將螺桿孔21內的材料向下游運送;混練部13,將螺桿孔21內的材料溶融、混練;以及前端部15,將混練後的螺桿孔21內的材料從吐出口23吐出。依序從螺桿孔21的上游向下游設置運送部11、混練部13、以及前端部15。
運送部11在外周具有螺旋狀羽片11a(螺旋葉片)。從供應口22向螺桿孔21所供應的材料,係藉由旋轉的螺桿10之運送部11向下游側的混練部13運送。
混練部13藉由在長邊方向(螺桿10的軸向)並排之複數個捏合盤13a所構成。混練部13使運送的材料溶融並混練。
前端部15在外周具有螺旋狀羽片15a。藉由混練部13所溶融的材料藉由前端部15從吐出口23擠出並吐出至管20外。
第一馬達30為電動馬達,藉由控制器80控制其運作。第一馬達30的旋轉經由減速機(圖中省略)傳遞至一對螺桿10a、10b。藉此,藉由第一馬達30使一對螺桿10a、10b旋轉驅動。
控制器80由具備CPU(中央處理單元)、ROM(唯讀記憶體)、RAM(隨機存取記憶體)、以及I/O介面(輸入輸出介面)的微電腦所構成。RAM存儲CPU處理中的數據,ROM預先存儲CPU的控制程式等,I/O介面用於輸入輸出連接之機器的資訊。控制器80至少安裝有可執行必要處理的程式,該必要處理係指用以執行關於本實施形態或變形例之控制的處理。另外,控制器80可由一裝置所構成,亦可分為複數個裝置並以由該複數個裝置分散處理各控制的方式所構成。
另外,擠出機100具備:過濾器40,其為圓筒狀並面向設於管20的排氣口25;過濾器外殼50,具有收容過濾器40的收容空間50a並安裝於管20;過濾器驅動機構60,作為使過濾器40旋轉的過濾器驅動部;以及真空泵70,透過過濾器40從排氣口25抽吸螺桿孔21內的空氣。
如圖2所示,在管20中,設有:開口部24,連通螺桿孔21並開口於管20的外部;以及蓋27,堵塞於開口部24。
蓋27具有:凸緣部27a,藉由螺栓等(圖中省略)安裝於管20;以及蓋部27b,插入於開口部24並覆蓋開口部24。如圖3所示,在蓋部27b中,形成有連通螺桿孔21的複數個貫通孔25a。藉由複數個貫通孔25a,構成有排氣口25。複數個貫通孔25a分別為圓形的孔,形成為相互相同的形狀。此外,在圖3中,省略一部分貫通孔25a的符號標示。
如圖1所示,排氣口25(管20的開口部24)在螺桿10的混練部13更上游側以在螺桿孔21開口的方式設置。換言之,排氣口25設於螺桿10的軸向(管20的長邊方向)上螺桿10的混練部13與供應口22之間、並與運送部11相對的位置。
如圖2所示,過濾器40形成為具有內部空間40a的圓筒狀。過濾器40在容許氣體通過的同時,限制(阻礙)粉狀材料通過。過濾器40由不織布、多孔性材料、多孔金屬或金屬網格等的金屬製多孔板等所構成。另外,過濾器40亦可為由多孔性材料、不織布、以及金屬製的多孔板等所形成的單一過濾構件所構成,亦可為由組合材質或性質(網目粗細等)不同的複數種過濾材所構成的組合式過濾器。過濾器40圓筒面狀外周面的一部分與蓋27的蓋部27b接觸,或是以相隔剛好可捕獲透過排氣口25而排出螺桿孔21外的粉狀材料之程度的間隙而配置。因此,過濾器40外周面的一部分面向排氣口25。
如圖2所示,過濾器外殼50形成為一端為開口的箱狀,開口端安裝於管20。過濾器40之整體收容在形成於過濾器外殼50的收容空間50a。在過濾器外殼50中,形成有開口於收容空間50a的吸入口51。
過濾器驅動機構60具有:第二馬達61,為電動馬達;旋轉軸62,連接於第二馬達61的旋轉軸(圖中省略)並傳遞旋轉軸的輸出旋轉;以及一對安裝板63a、63b,安裝於過濾器40的端部。在旋轉軸62的基端(圖中省略)連接有第二馬達61。
一對安裝板63a、63b,以封閉內部空間40a的方式分別安裝於過濾器40的兩端部。一對安裝板63a、63b為分別具有與過濾器40大致相同外徑之圓盤狀的板。旋轉軸62以通過過濾器40中心軸的方式插通一方的安裝板63a及過濾器40的內部空間40a,其前端連接於另一方的安裝板63b。換言之,旋轉軸62透過安裝板63b連接於過濾器40。藉由將第二馬達61輸出軸的旋轉傳遞至旋轉軸62,從而使過濾器40連同旋轉軸62一起繞中心軸旋轉。旋轉軸62(過濾器40的中心軸)相對於螺桿10的中心軸垂直(參照圖1),在一對螺桿10鄰接的方向(軸間方向。圖2中左右方向)平行設置。
真空泵70透過過濾器外殼50的吸入口51抽吸收容空間50a內的空氣。藉此,螺桿孔21內的空氣透過過濾器40從排氣口25向真空泵70抽吸。由於真空泵70能夠採用公知的結構,因此省略詳細說明及圖式。
過濾器驅動機構60的第二馬達61及真空泵70的運作係藉由控制器80所控制。
接著,針對擠出機100的作用進行說明。
使擠出機100運作後,第一馬達30藉由控制器80所控制使一對螺桿10在相同方向以相同速度旋轉。
透過供應口22供應至螺桿孔21內的粉狀材料,藉由螺桿10的運送部11在長邊方向朝下游運送。此時,有空氣連同材料一起混入螺桿孔21內的情形。當螺桿孔21內混入空氣時,會造成該部分材料無法供應至螺桿孔21內。亦即,會因為螺桿孔21內的空氣而導致阻礙材料供應。
相較於此,在擠出機100中,由於在管20設有排氣口25,因此連同材料一起混入螺桿孔21的空氣將通過排氣口25排出至螺桿孔21的外部。具體而言,螺桿孔21內的空氣藉由透過螺桿10之運送部11向材料施加的壓力、以及透過真空泵70對空氣的抽吸力,從排氣口25通過過濾器40排出至過濾器外殼50的收容空間50a。收容空間50a所排出的空氣,透過吸入口51向真空泵70抽吸。藉此,能夠避免混入螺桿孔21內的空氣阻礙材料供應至螺桿孔21內。
另外,藉由第二馬達61使過濾器40以一定速度連續旋轉。如此,過濾器40的外周面中面向排氣口25的部分(以下,將此部分稱為「過濾器面」)將伴隨過濾器40的旋轉而依序改變。換言之,擠出機100構成為排氣口25並非經常面向過濾器40的相同部分,而是伴隨過濾器40的旋轉依序面向作為新過濾器面的過濾器40之不同部分。如此,由於面向排氣口25(換言之,螺桿孔21內的材料)的過濾器面為藉由過濾器40的旋轉而更新的結構,因此變得不易產生過濾器40的堵塞。據此,能夠避免由堵塞所導致過濾器40的維護作業,從而能夠提高擠出機100的生產性。
另外,在擠出機100中,過濾器40設於螺桿孔21的外側,螺桿孔21設於過濾器40的外側。過濾器40圓筒狀的外周面作為過濾器面而面向排氣口25,並藉由第二馬達61所旋轉。過濾器40的過濾器面,在伴隨藉由第二馬達61所旋轉的同時,在收容空間50a內繞旋轉軸62而移位並再度面向排氣口25。
如此,過濾器40為形成圓筒狀並在收容空間50a內旋轉移位的結構。因此,如圖2所示,從排氣口25向螺桿孔21外排出之空氣的一部分,從過濾器40的外部向內部(內部空間40a)引導,再從過濾器40的內部向外部而再度通過過濾器40,並導向吸入口51(參照圖2中箭頭)。據此,即使粉狀材料附著於面向排氣口25的過濾器面,藉由從過濾器40的內部向外部空氣氣流,能夠去除附著在過濾器40外周面的材料。由於能夠藉由真空泵70所抽吸的空氣氣流去除附著的材料,而可進一步避免過濾器40堵塞。因此,能夠避免為了維護過濾器40而停止擠出機100,從而能夠使擠出機100連續運作並提高生產性。
另外,在擠出機100中,管20的排氣口25由複數個貫通孔25a所構成。除了面向排氣口25而設置的過濾器40之外,排氣口25本身亦發揮作為容許空氣通過並限制材料通過的機能。換言之,設有排氣口25的蓋27之蓋部27b,構成為如多孔金屬。藉此,能夠降低對於過濾器40除去異物的負擔,從而能夠進一步避免堵塞。
另外,排氣口25的網眼粗細,構成為較過濾器40的網眼的粗細更粗。從別的觀點而言,排氣口25的穿透率較過濾器40的穿透率高,相反地,通過排氣口25之氣體的壓力損失較通過過濾器40之氣體的壓力損失小。藉此,去除與氣體一起從螺桿孔21排出之材料的機能,係能夠構成為主要由過濾器40所負責。
接著,對本實施形態的變形例進行說明。如以下的變形例亦在本案發明的範圍內,亦可組合以下的變形例與上述實施形態的各結構,也可彼此組合以下變形例。另外,在各變形例中,針對與上述實施形態相同的結構,賦予相同的符號並省略說明。
在上述實施形態中,過濾器40形成為圓筒形狀,藉由第二馬達61旋轉移位。相對地,過濾器40並不限定為圓筒形狀。另外,過濾器40並不限定為旋轉移位的結構。
在圖4所示的第一變形例中,過濾器140形成為帶狀且形成為兩端連接的無端帶狀。第一變形例的過濾器驅動機構160具有:一對輥162a、162b,掛繞有帶狀的過濾器140;以及第三馬達161,旋轉驅動一對輥162a、162b。過濾器140以一對輥162a、162b之間的一部分面向管20之排氣口25的方式設置。一對輥162a、162b藉由第三馬達161旋轉驅動,從而使過濾器140在一對輥162a、162b間旋轉移位。藉此,更新過濾器140中面向排氣口25的部分。
另外,在圖5所示的第二變形例中,過濾器240形成為平板狀,垂直於板厚度方向之幅寬廣大的平板面240a以面向排氣口25的方式配置,過濾器驅動機構260在鄰接一對螺桿10的方向(中心軸之間的方向。圖5中左右方向)具有使過濾器240前進後退的致動器261。致動器261能夠使用例如流體壓力缸、或者具有電動馬達或滾珠螺桿的直動機構。致動器261以使過濾器240之平板面240a的任一部分以經常面向排氣口25的方式使過濾器240往復移動。藉此,更新在過濾器240中面向排氣口25的部分。
如此,過濾器可如第一變形例形成為帶狀而旋轉移位,亦可如第二變形例直線移位。換言之,在擠出機100中,只要是過濾器40、140、240的一部分面向排氣口25,並藉由過濾器驅動機構60、160、260使過濾器40、140、240移位,從而改變過濾器40、140、240面向排氣口25之部分(過濾器面)的結構,則其他結構能夠為任意結構。如上所述的第一變形例與第二變形例,由於更新過濾器140、240中面向排氣口25的部分,因此能夠防止過濾器140、240的堵塞從而避免產生維護作業。
另外,在上述實施形態中,排氣口25由圓形的複數個貫通孔25a所構成。相對於此,排氣口25的結構並不限定於上述實施形態中的結構。例如,如圖6所示的第三變形例,排氣口25亦可由在俯視角藉由形成為略長方形的一對長縫125a、125b所構成。另外,如圖7所示的第四變形例,排氣口25 亦可藉由單一的孔225所構成。另外,亦可不設置蓋27,而是構成為將形成於管20的開口部24作為排氣口25,從而作為開口部24直接面向過濾器40的結構。換言之,將排氣口25作為發揮過濾器機能的結構,並非必要的結構。
另外,在上述實施形態中,過濾器驅動機構60的第二馬達61,藉由控制器80使過濾器40控制為以一定速度在相同方向連續旋轉(擠出機100的運作中為經常旋轉)。相對地,從防止過濾器40的堵塞觀點而言,雖期望過濾器40以一定速度連續旋轉,然而並不限定於此。例如,第二馬達61亦可為以反覆預定之時間間隔的方式使過濾器40旋轉與停止,從而間歇地(斷續地)使過濾器40旋轉。在此情形下,由於會更新面向排氣口25的過濾器40之過濾器面,因此亦能夠防止過濾器40的堵塞並避免產生維護作業。
另外,在上述實施形態中,雖然擠出機100具備抽吸螺桿孔21內之空氣的真空泵70,然而真空泵70並非必要的結構。另外,擠出機100亦可具備用以將附著於過濾器40的材料從過濾器40去除的除去部。作為除去部,例如能夠使用設於過濾器40內部空間40a、並從過濾器40的內部向外部吐出空氣的送風(air blow)裝置。藉由設置除去部,由於能夠積極地去除附著於過濾器40的材料,因此在未具備真空泵70的情形特別有效。
另外,在上述實施形態中,雖然過濾器40的中心軸(旋轉軸62)設置為平行於一對螺桿10的鄰接方向,然而並不限定於此結構。例如過濾器40的中心軸亦可設置為平行於管20的長邊方向(螺桿10的軸線方向)。
另外,在上述實施形態中,一對螺桿10a、10b(參照圖2)相互以 相同方向旋轉。相對於此,一對螺桿10a、10b亦可相互以相反方向旋轉。
另外,在上述實施形態中,擠出機100具備一對螺桿10a、10b,亦即為雙軸混練擠出機。相對於此,擠出機100亦可為具備單一的螺桿10,亦即亦可為單軸擠出機。
另外,在上述實施形態中,螺旋機為混練並擠出材料的擠出機100。相對於此,螺旋機亦可為對擠出機100供應材料的材料供應機(側進料機)。材料供應機的螺桿10,僅藉由運送部11所構成,不進行混練、溶融而運送材料。
以下,對本實施形態的作用效果進行說明。
擠出機100具備:螺桿10,藉由第一馬達30使其繞著軸線旋轉驅動;管20,具有插入有螺桿10的螺桿孔21及用以排出螺桿孔21內空氣的排氣口25;過濾器40,其一部分面向管20的排氣口25;以及過濾器驅動機構60,使過濾器40移位,從而改變在過濾器40中面向排氣口25的部分。
在此結構中,藉由過濾器驅動機構60使過濾器40移位,即使擠出機100在運作中亦能夠更新過濾器40的過濾器面。據此,能夠避免在過濾器40中產生堵塞。因此,能夠避免過濾器40的維護作業,從而能夠提高擠出機100的生產性。
另外,擠出機100還具備透過過濾器40從排氣口25抽吸螺桿孔21內之空氣的真空泵70。
藉由此結構, 能夠有效率地將螺桿孔21內的空氣排出螺桿孔21外部。
另外,擠出機100更具備具有收容過濾器40的收容空間50a並安裝於管20的過濾器外殼50,真空泵70係透過以開口於收容空間50a的方式形成於過濾器外殼50的吸入口51抽吸螺桿孔21內的空氣,過濾器驅動機構60係使過濾器40旋轉,面向排氣口25的過濾器40之外周面的一部分,係在藉由過濾器驅動機構60使過濾器40旋轉的同時,在收容空間50a內移位並面向排氣口25。
在此結構中,藉由真空泵70抽吸而從排氣口25排出至螺桿孔21外之空氣的一部分,係從過濾器40的外部向內部引導,再從過濾器40的內部向外部而再度通過過濾器40,並導向吸入口51。據此,即使粉狀的材料附著於面向排氣口25的過濾器面,亦能夠藉由從過濾器40的內部向外部的空氣氣流,去除附著於過濾器40外周面的材料。如此,由於能夠藉由往真空泵70抽吸的空氣氣流去除附著於外周面的材料,因此能夠進一步避免過濾器40堵塞。因此,能夠避免為了維護過濾器40而停止擠出機100,從而能夠使擠出機100連續運作並提高生產性。
另外,在擠出機100中,排氣口25藉由複數個貫通孔25a、125a、125b所構成。
在此結構中,由於排氣口25發揮作為過濾器40的機能,因此能夠降低過濾器40的負荷,從而能夠降低過濾器40的堵塞。
另外,在擠出機100中,過濾器驅動機構60使過濾器40以一定速度連續旋轉。
在此結構中,能夠更有效地避免過濾器40產生堵塞。
另外,在擠出機100中,管20係具有用以向螺桿孔21內投入材料的供應口22、以及用以將螺桿孔21內的材料吐出至管20外的吐出口23,螺桿10係具有用以混練管20的螺桿孔21內之材料的混練部13,管20的排氣口25係位於螺桿10軸向之混練部13與管20的供應口22之間並開口於螺桿孔21。
在此結構中,由於能夠透過排氣口25在較供應口22更近的位置排出螺桿孔21內的空氣,因此能夠容易地排出混入螺桿孔21內的空氣,從而降低螺桿孔21內由空氣所導致阻礙材料供應之虞。
以上為依本實施形態所作的說明,上述實施形態僅為本發明之適用例的一部分,並非將本發明之技術範圍限定於上述實施形態的具體結構。
本案主張於2020年8月24日向日本特許廳所提出專利申請號為2020-141257的優先權,此專利申請的所有內容以引用方式併入本說明書中。
100:擠出機(螺旋機) 10、10a、10b:螺桿 20:管 21:螺桿孔 22:供應口 23:吐出口 25:排氣口 25a:貫通孔(孔) 30:第一馬達(驅動源) 40、140、240:過濾器 50:過濾器外殼 50a:收容空間 51:吸入口 60、160、260:過濾器驅動機構(過濾器驅動單元) 70:真空泵 125a:長縫(孔)
圖1係表示關於本發明實施形態之擠出機的整體結構的剖面圖。 圖2係表示關於本發明實施形態之擠出機的剖面圖,為圖1中沿II─II線的剖面圖。 圖3為關於本發明實施形態之擠出機的蓋的俯視圖。 圖4係表示關於本發明實施形態第一變形例之擠出機的剖面圖。 圖5係表示關於本發明實施形態第二變形例之擠出機的剖面圖。 圖6係表示關於本發明實施形態第三變形例之擠出機的蓋的俯視圖。 圖7係表示關於本發明實施形態第四變形例之擠出機的蓋的俯視圖。
100:擠出機(螺旋機)
10:螺桿
11:運送部
11a:螺旋狀羽片
13:混練部
13a:捏合盤
15:前端部
15a:螺旋狀羽片
20:管
21:螺桿孔
22:供應口
23:吐出口
24:開口部
25:排氣口
30:第一馬達(驅動源)
40:過濾器
50:過濾器外殼
50a:收容空間
51:吸入口
60:過濾器驅動機構(過濾器驅動單元)
61:第二馬達
62:旋轉軸
70:真空泵
80:控制器

Claims (6)

  1. 一種螺旋機,具備: 螺桿,藉由驅動源使其繞著軸線旋轉驅動; 管,具有插入有該螺桿的螺桿孔及用以排出該螺桿孔內空氣的排氣口; 過濾器,其一部分面向該管的該排氣口;以及 過濾器驅動部,使該過濾器移位,從而改變在該過濾器中面向該排氣口的部分。
  2. 如請求項1所記載的螺旋機,其中,還具備: 真空泵,透過該過濾器從該排氣口抽吸該螺桿孔內的空氣。
  3. 如請求項2所記載的螺旋機,其中,還具備: 過濾器外殼,具有收容該過濾器的收容空間並安裝於該管; 其中,該真空泵透過以在該收容空間開口的方式形成於該過濾器外殼的吸入口抽吸該螺桿孔內的空氣; 該過濾器驅動部使該過濾器旋轉; 面向該排氣口的該過濾器之外周面的一部分,伴隨藉由該過濾器驅動部使該過濾器旋轉,從而在該收容空間內移位並再度面向該排氣口。
  4. 如請求項1至3中任一項所記載的螺旋機,其中: 該排氣口藉由複數個孔所構成。
  5. 如請求項1至3中任一項所記載的螺旋機,其中: 該過濾器驅動部使該過濾器以一定速度連續旋轉。
  6. 如請求項1至3中任一項所記載的螺旋機,其中: 該管具有供應口與吐出口,該供應口用以向該螺桿孔內投入材料,該吐出口用以將該螺桿孔內的材料吐出至該管外; 其中,該螺桿具有混練部,用以混練該管之該螺桿孔內的材料; 該管的該排氣口,係位於該螺桿的軸向之該螺桿的該混練部與該管的該供應口之間,並開口於該螺桿孔。
TW110131152A 2020-08-24 2021-08-23 螺旋機 TWI781736B (zh)

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