TW202100366A - 隔熱結構 - Google Patents

隔熱結構 Download PDF

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TW202100366A
TW202100366A TW108122251A TW108122251A TW202100366A TW 202100366 A TW202100366 A TW 202100366A TW 108122251 A TW108122251 A TW 108122251A TW 108122251 A TW108122251 A TW 108122251A TW 202100366 A TW202100366 A TW 202100366A
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Taiwan
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infrared blocking
blocking layer
substrate
tungsten oxide
infrared
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TW108122251A
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廖德超
程嘉和
曹俊哲
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南亞塑膠工業股份有限公司
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Priority to TW108122251A priority Critical patent/TW202100366A/zh
Priority to CN201910640798.9A priority patent/CN112143398A/zh
Priority to US16/833,727 priority patent/US20200406589A1/en
Publication of TW202100366A publication Critical patent/TW202100366A/zh

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Abstract

本發明公開一種隔熱結構，其包括一基材以及一紅外線阻隔層，基材具有相對的一第一表面以及一第二表面，紅外線阻隔層設置於基材的第一表面上，且紅外線阻隔層中具有均勻分佈的多個複合氧化鎢粒子。紅外線阻隔層中氧化鎢摻雜特定的金屬和非金屬元素，而其紅外線阻隔率可達99%。

Description

隔熱結構
本發明涉及一種隔熱結構，特別是涉及一種可應用在各種需兼顧可視性與隔熱效果的環境的隔熱結構。
受到全球暖化的影響，隔熱節能的需求日漸增加。舉例來說，當太陽光穿透玻璃窗進入到室內時，太陽光中的紅外線會導致室內溫度升高，如此便需要利用通風或降溫裝置來減少高溫不適感；根據統計結果，在夏天經由玻璃窗進入室內的太陽輻射明顯增加了空調的能耗。由此可知，建築物的玻璃窗的隔熱性能對室內溫度的影響很大。類似地，車用玻璃的隔熱性能，也是影響車內溫度的主要因素之一。
目前常見的隔熱方式，不外乎是在目標物上設置金屬反射層或染色層，金屬反射層雖然可以將紅外線和紫外線反射，但相關產品會產生光害；另外，染色層雖然可以吸收紅外線，但其隔熱效果不佳且容易褪色。此外，也有一種隔熱方式，是利用金屬鍍層(如銀鍍層)搭配介電層來形成多層薄膜結構，其可以通過光干涉作用達到選擇性讓可見光穿透並阻隔紅外線的效果；然而，此種方式的設備投資大、原料成本高且產品良率偏低。
隨著現代建築物大量採用玻璃窗和玻璃外觀(如玻璃帷幕)，以及汽車使用率的快速成長，開發新的高性能隔熱材料成為了一項十分重要且迫切的課題。
本發明所要解決的技術問題在於，針對現有技術的不足提供一種至少具有高透光率和高紅外線阻隔率隔熱結構。
為了解決上述的技術問題，本發明所採用的其中一技術方案是，提供一種隔熱結構，其包括一基材以及一紅外線阻隔層。所述基材具有相對的一第一表面以及一第二表面，所述紅外線阻隔層設置於所述基材的所述第一表面上，且所述紅外線阻隔層中具有均勻分佈的多個複合氧化鎢粒子。所述複合氧化鎢粒子具有以下通式：Csx My WO3-z Nc ；其中Cs表示銫；M表示錫(Sn)、銻(Sb)或鉍(Bi)；W表示鎢；O表示氧；N表示氟(F)或溴(Br)；其中x、y、z、c均為正數，且符合以下條件：x≦1.0；y≦1.0；y/x≦1.0；z≦0.6；及c≦0.1。
在本發明的一實施例中，所述複合氧化鎢粒子的平均粒徑為10 nm至90 nm，且所述複合氧化鎢粒子佔所述紅外線阻隔層總重量的5%至25%。
在本發明的一實施例中，所述基材的厚度為23 μm至125 μm，所述紅外線阻隔層的厚度為1 μm至10 μm。
在本發明的一實施例中，所述基材為聚酯樹脂所形成，所述紅外線阻隔層為基於紫外線固化型樹脂的材料所形成。
在本發明的一實施例中，所述隔熱結構還包括一接合層，其設置於所述基材的所述第二表面上。
在本發明的一實施例中，所述接合層中具有一紫外線吸收材料。
在本發明的一實施例中，所述接合層的厚度為3 μm至20 μm。
在本發明的一實施例中，所述接合層為壓克力系感壓膠所形成。
在本發明的一實施例中，所述紅外線阻隔層依JIS K7705測試標準所測得的可見光穿透率至少為70%，所述紅外線阻隔層依JIS R3106測試標準所測得的紅外線阻隔率至少為90%。
為了解決上述的技術問題，本發明所採用的另外一技術方案是，提供一種隔熱結構，其包括一第一玻璃基材、一第二玻璃基材以及一紅外線阻隔層。所述第一玻璃基材與所述第二玻璃基材的位置相對應，所述紅外線阻隔層設置於所述第一玻璃基材與所述第二玻璃基材之間，且所述紅外線阻隔層中具有均勻分佈的多個複合氧化鎢粒子。所述複合氧化鎢粒子具有以下通式：Csx My WO3-z Nc ；其中Cs表示銫；M表示錫(Sn)、銻(Sb)或鉍(Bi)；W表示鎢；O表示氧；N表示氟(F)或溴(Br)；其中x、y、z、c均為正數，且符合以下條件：x≦1.0；y≦1.0；y/x≦1.0；z≦0.6；及c≦0.1。
本發明的其中一有益效果在於，本發明的隔熱結構，其能通過“紅外線阻隔層設置於基材的第一表面上，且紅外線阻隔層中具有均勻分佈的多個複合氧化鎢粒子，其中氧化鎢摻雜特定的金屬和非金屬元素” 以及“紅外線阻隔層設置於第一玻璃基材與第二玻璃基材之間，且紅外線阻隔層中具有均勻分佈的多個複合氧化鎢粒子，其中氧化鎢摻雜特定的金屬和非金屬元素”的技術方案，以滿足隔熱產品對於高隔熱性和足夠的可視性的應用需求；隔熱結構的紅外線阻隔層的可見光穿透率至少為70%，且紅外線阻隔率可達99%。
為使能更進一步瞭解本發明的特徵及技術內容，請參閱以下有關本發明的詳細說明與圖式，然而所提供的圖式僅用於提供參考與說明，並非用來對本發明加以限制。
以下是通過特定的具體實施例來說明本發明所公開有關“隔熱結構”的實施方式，本領域技術人員可由本說明書所公開的內容瞭解本發明的優點與效果。本發明可通過其他不同的具體實施例加以施行或應用，本說明書中的各項細節也可基於不同觀點與應用，在不悖離本發明的構思下進行各種修改與變更。另外，本發明的附圖僅為簡單示意說明，並非依實際尺寸的描繪，事先聲明。以下的實施方式將進一步詳細說明本發明的相關技術內容，但所公開的內容並非用以限制本發明的保護範圍。
應當可以理解的是，雖然本文中可能會使用到“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等術語來描述各種元件或者信號，但這些元件或者信號不應受這些術語的限制。這些術語主要是用以區分一元件與另一元件，或者一信號與另一信號。另外，本文中所使用的術語“或”，應視實際情況可能包括相關聯的列出項目中的任一個或者多個的組合。
[第一實施例]
參閱圖1所示，本發明第一實施例提供一種隔熱結構Z，其主要包括一基材1及一紅外線阻隔層2。基材1具有相對的一第一表面11(如上表面)及一第二表面12(如下表面)，紅外線阻隔層2設置於基材1的第一表面11上，其中紅外線阻隔層2中具有均勻分佈的多個複合氧化鎢粒子P。
使用時，可將隔熱結構Z接合於一需兼顧可視性與隔熱效果的目標物(未顯示)的表面上，以藉由紅外線阻隔層2阻隔紅外線並讓可見光穿透；目標物例如為建築物的玻璃窗和玻璃外觀、汽車的前、後擋風玻璃和左右兩側車窗玻璃。藉此，可降低太陽照射對室內環境造成的升溫影響，進而可減少能耗。
進一步而言，基材1用以將紅外線阻隔層2轉移到目標物所在的位置，基材1具有可撓性且可對紅外線阻隔層2提供良好的支撐，以達到預期的隔熱效果。在本實施例中，基材1可為一高透光性的塑膠基材，其較佳為聚酯樹脂所形成；基材1的厚度可為23 μm至125 μm，較佳為23 μm至75 μm。聚酯樹脂可舉出：聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯膜(PET)、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇脂(PEN)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚乙烯(PE)及尼龍(Nylon)。需要說明的是，在其他實施例中，基材1可為一玻璃基材，且其厚度可根據實際需要而改變。
紅外線阻隔層2以連續層的形式存在，其主要含有多個複合氧化鎢粒子及一成型樹脂；於製作時，可先將多個複合氧化鎢粒子P分散於成型樹脂中，再進行成型加工。在本實施例中，複合氧化鎢粒子P具有以下通式：Csx My WO3-z Nc ；其中Cs表示銫；M表示錫(Sn)、銻(Sb)或鉍(Bi)；W表示鎢；O表示氧；N表示氟(F)或溴(Br)；其中x、y、z、c均為正數，且符合以下條件：x≦1.0；y≦1.0；y/x≦1.0；z≦0.6；及c≦0.1。另外，成型樹脂可為紫外線硬化樹脂，其可舉出丙烯酸樹脂及不同官能基改性的丙烯酸樹脂。需要說明的是，在其他實施例中，根據實際需要，紅外線阻隔層2可以圖案層的形式存在。
考慮到紅外線阻隔層2的製造成本與隔熱效率，紅外線阻隔層2的厚度可為1 μm至10 μm，其中複合氧化鎢粒子P的平均粒徑可為10 nm至90 nm，且複合氧化鎢粒子P佔紅外線阻隔層2總重量的5%至25%。值得注意的是，複合氧化鎢粒子P中摻雜的特定金屬元素可彌補氧化鎢吸收紅外線能力的不足，例如可提高波長範圍在850 nm至2500 nm的紅外線的吸收效果，摻雜的特定非金屬元素可提高紅外線阻隔層2的耐候性。
紅外線阻隔層2的製作方法可包括以下步驟：
製備一隔熱粒子分散液(或稱隔熱粒子漿料)，隔熱粒子分散液可包含多個具有前述通式的複合氧化鎢粒子P(購自南亞塑膠股份有限公司)、一溶劑及一分散劑，其中多個複合氧化鎢粒子P通過分散劑而均勻分散在溶劑中。根據實際需要，可對隔熱粒子分散液進行濕式研磨，使複合氧化鎢粒子P具有特定的粒徑，且隔熱粒子分散液可具有適當的黏度為50 cps至200 cps。
溶劑可為乙酸乙酯、丁酮與丙二醇甲醚丙酸酯的混合溶劑；分散劑可選自陰離子型、非離子型及高分子分散劑中的至少一種，其中以高分子分散劑為佳，原因在於高分子分散劑具有錨固基團。陰離子型分散劑可為丙烯酸類陰離子型分散劑，其可舉出聚丙烯酸銨(共)聚合物、聚丙烯酸鈉(共)聚合物、苯乙烯-丙烯酸(共)聚合物及羧酸鈉鹽共聚合物；非離子型分散劑可舉出脂肪醇乙氧基化合物及聚氧乙烯烷基醚；高分子分散劑可舉出聚羧酸酯、磺酸型聚酯多元醇、聚磷酸酯、聚胺酯及改性聚丙烯酸酯類聚合物。然而，上述所舉的例子只是其中一可行的實施例而並非用以限定本發明。
將隔熱粒子分散液與成型樹脂混合，並將所得的樹脂組合物製成塑膠母粒。在此步驟中，可先將隔熱粒子分散液與成型樹脂的原料單體混合，再以適當的反應條件(如溫度、壓力、時間及催化劑)使原料單體發生聚合反應，然後將所得的樹脂組合物進行加熱熔融、冷卻及切粒。
使用塑膠母粒進行成型加工，即得到紅外線阻隔層2。在此步驟中，是以塑膠母粒為原料，在適當的成型條件(如紫外線照射)下加工成均勻連續的膜層，且視需要可再對此膜層進行後加工(如雙軸拉伸)，使其具有所需的機械特性。值得注意的是，紅外線阻隔層2依JIS K7705測試標準所測得的可見光穿透率至少為70%，紅外線阻隔層2依JIS R3106測試標準所測得的紅外線阻隔率至少為90%(可達99%)；此外，紅外線阻隔層2具有優異的耐候性。
可見光穿透率(VLT%)測試：採用日商Tokyo Denshoku的測試裝置(型號為TC-HIII DPK)，依JIS K7705測試標準，測試紅外線阻隔層2的可見光穿透率；可見光穿透率越高，代表紅外線阻隔層2的透明性越佳。
紅外線(IR cut%)阻隔率測試：採用日商HOYA的測試裝置(型號為LT-3000)，依JIS R3106測試標準，測試紅外線阻隔層2的紅外線通過率，再以100%減去所測得的紅外線通過率即為測試紅外線阻隔層2的紅外線阻隔率；紅外線阻隔率愈高，代表測試紅外線阻隔層2的隔熱效果越佳。
耐候性試驗：採用ATLAS Material Testing Technology的測試裝置，測試條件包括：燈管波長：UVB 313 nm；溫度：50-60o C；試驗時間1000小時，其中每周期照射4小時，接著蒸濕4小時；照射能量：0.71 W/m2 。完成之後以分光儀測量紅外線阻隔層2的變色值(DE)；DE值越小，代表耐候(光)越佳。
參閱圖2所示，隔熱結構Z還可包括一接合層3，其設置於基材1的第二表面12上，且以連續層的形式存在；使用時，隔熱結構Z可藉由接合層3貼附至目標物上。在本實施例中，接合層3的材料為壓克力系感壓膠，接合層3的厚度可為3 μm至20 μm；藉此，接合層3可提供防爆功能。此外，考慮到使用性，接合層3的表面可具有一暫時性覆蓋層4，其可防止接合層3的表面接觸到髒污，而導致接合力下降；暫時性覆蓋層4可在隔熱結構Z要與目標物結合之前，再從接合層3的表面上移除。暫時性覆蓋層4的材料沒有特別的限制，只要能穩定附著於接合層3的表面上即可。
[第二實施例]
參閱圖3及圖4所示，本發明第二實施例提供一種隔熱結構Z，其主要包括一基材1、一紅外線阻隔層2及一接合層3。基材1具有相對的一第一表面11及一第二表面12，紅外線阻隔層2設置於基材1的第一表面11上，其中紅外線阻隔層2中具有均勻分佈的多個複合氧化鎢粒子P，接合層3設置於基材1的第二表面12上，其中接合層3中具有一紫外線吸收材料M。藉此，隔熱結構Z可具有阻隔紫外線的能力。
承上所述，本實施例與第一實施例的主要差異在於：接合層3中具有一紫外線吸收材料M；進一步而言，可先將紫外線吸收材料M混入壓克力系感壓膠，再進行成型加工，以形成具有阻隔紫外線的能力的接合層3。紫外線吸收材料M可選自鎳猝滅劑類、草醯苯胺類、苯並三唑類、苯甲酸脂類及二苯甲酮類，但不限於此。關於本實施例的隔熱結構Z的其他實施細節，可參考第一實施例所述，在此不再加以贅述。
[第三實施例]
參閱圖5所示，本發明第三實施例提供一種隔熱結構Z，其主要包括一第一玻璃基材1、一第二玻璃基材1及一紅外線阻隔層2。第一玻璃基材1與第二玻璃基材1位置相對應，紅外線阻隔層2設置於第一玻璃基材1與第二玻璃基材1之間，且紅外線阻隔層2中具有均勻分佈的多個複合氧化鎢粒子P。第一玻璃基材1與第二玻璃基材1各可為一浮法玻璃或強化玻璃板，其厚度可為3 mm至12 mm，但本發明不限於此。關於紅外線阻隔層2的技術細節，可參考第一實施例所述，在此不再加以贅述。
使用時，第一玻璃基材1的外表面可處在室外環境中，且可受到太陽光的直接照射，第二玻璃基材1的外表面可處在室內環境中，紅外線阻隔層2則連接於第一玻璃基材1與第二玻璃基材1的內表面之間。藉此，當太陽光照射到第一玻璃基材1時，由於紅外線難以穿透紅外線阻隔層2傳遞到第二玻璃基材1，可降低太陽照射對室內環境造成的升溫影響，進而可減少能耗。
參閱圖6所示，隔熱結構Z視需要還可包括一具有紫外線阻隔能力的接合層3，其設置於紅外線阻隔層2與第二玻璃基材1之間，且具有一紫外線吸收材料M。關於接合層3的技術細節，可參考第二實施例所述，在此不再加以贅述。
[實施例的有益效果]
本發明的其中一有益效果在於，本發明的隔熱結構，其能通過“紅外線阻隔層設置於基材的第一表面上，且紅外線阻隔層中具有均勻分佈的多個複合氧化鎢粒子，其中氧化鎢摻雜特定的金屬和非金屬元素”以及“紅外線阻隔層設置於第一玻璃基材與第二玻璃基材之間，且紅外線阻隔層中具有均勻分佈的多個複合氧化鎢粒子，其中氧化鎢摻雜特定的金屬和非金屬元素”的技術方案，以滿足隔熱產品對於高隔熱性和足夠的可視性的應用需求；隔熱結構的紅外線阻隔層的可見光穿透率至少為70%，且紅外線阻隔率可達99%。
更進一步地說，隔熱結構還包括一設置於基材的第二表面上的接合層，接合層的材料為壓克力系感壓膠，且具有一紫外線吸收材料。藉此，隔熱結構在應用上可具有阻隔紫外線及防爆的能力。
綜上所述，本發明的隔熱結構可在強烈太陽光的照射下，減少外界環境對室內溫度的影響，對節能減碳的有很大的貢獻。
以上所公開的內容僅為本發明的優選可行實施例，並非因此侷限本發明的申請專利範圍，所以凡是運用本發明說明書及圖式內容所做的等效技術變化，均包含於本發明的申請專利範圍內。
Z:隔熱結構1:基材11:第一表面12:第二表面2:紅外線阻隔層3:接合層4:暫時性覆蓋層5:第一玻璃基材6:第二玻璃基材P:複合氧化鎢粒子M:紫外線吸收材料
圖1為本發明第一實施例的隔熱結構的其中一結構示意圖。
圖2為本發明第一實施例的隔熱結構的另外一結構示意圖。
圖3為本發明第二實施例的隔熱結構的其中一結構示意圖。
圖4為本發明第二實施例的隔熱結構的另外一結構示意圖。
圖5為本發明第三實施例的隔熱結構的其中一結構示意圖。
圖6為本發明第三實施例的隔熱結構的另外一結構示意圖。
Z:隔熱結構
1:基材
11:第一表面
12:第二表面
2:紅外線阻隔層
3:接合層
P:複合氧化鎢粒子

Claims (10)

  1. 一種隔熱結構，其包括： 一基材，其具有相對的一第一表面以及一第二表面；以及 一紅外線阻隔層，其設置於所述基材的所述第一表面上，其中所述紅外線阻隔層中具有均勻分佈的多個複合氧化鎢粒子，所述複合氧化鎢粒子具有以下通式：Csx My WO3-z Nc ； 其中，Cs表示銫；M表示錫(Sn)、銻(Sb)或鉍(Bi)；W表示鎢；O表示氧；N表示氟(F)或溴(Br)； 其中，x、y、z、c均為正數，且符合以下條件：x≦1.0；y≦1.0；y/x≦1.0；z≦0.6；及c≦0.1。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的隔熱結構，其中，所述複合氧化鎢粒子的平均粒徑為10 nm至90 nm，且所述複合氧化鎢粒子佔所述紅外線阻隔層總重量的5%至25%。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的隔熱結構，其中，所述基材的厚度為23 μm至125 μm，所述紅外線阻隔層的厚度為1 μm至10 μm。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第3項所述的隔熱結構，其中，所述基材為聚酯樹脂所形成，所述紅外線阻隔層為基於紫外線固化型樹脂的材料所形成。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的隔熱結構，其還包括一接合層，其設置於所述基材的所述第二表面上。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第4項所述的隔熱結構，其中，所述接合層中具有一紫外線吸收材料。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第4項所述的隔熱結構，其中，所述接合層的厚度為3 μm至20 μm。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第4項所述的隔熱結構，其中，所述接合層為壓克力系感壓膠所形成。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的隔熱結構，其中，所述紅外線阻隔層依JIS K7705測試標準所測得的可見光穿透率至少為70%，所述紅外線阻隔層依JIS R3106測試標準所測得的紅外線阻隔率至少為90%。
  10. 一種隔熱結構，其包括： 一第一玻璃基材； 一第二玻璃基材，其位置對應所述第一玻璃基材； 一紅外線阻隔層，其設置於所述第一玻璃基材與所述第二玻璃基材之間，其中所述紅外線阻隔層中具有均勻分佈的多個複合氧化鎢粒子，所述複合氧化鎢粒子具有以下通式：Csx My WO3-z Nc ； 其中，Cs表示銫；M表示錫(Sn)、銻(Sb)或鉍(Bi)；W表示鎢；O表示氧；N表示氟(F)或溴(Br)； 其中，x、y、z、c均為正數，且符合以下條件：x≦1.0；y≦1.0；y/x≦1.0；z≦0.6；及c≦0.1。
TW108122251A 2019-06-26 2019-06-26 隔熱結構 TW202100366A (zh)

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