TW202100001A - Water absorbing structure and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

A water absorbing structure includes a first peel powder, a gesso and a medium. The first peel powder is made of a dragon fruit peel. The first peel powder, the gesso and the medium are mixed with each other and solidified to form the water absorbing structure. The saturated water absorption of the water absorbing structure is 110 ml to 148 ml. Therefore, the water absorbing structure can be used to grow plants, and the nutrition the plants need can be provided. Also, the moisture of the ground can be maintained, and the purpose of environmental protection and resource utilization can be achieved.

Description

Water-absorbing structure and preparation method thereof

The present disclosure relates to a water-absorbing structure and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a water-absorbing structure using dragon fruit peel as a material and a preparation method thereof.

Generally speaking, most plants or crops are grown with soil as the medium. However, the soil has doubts about poor water content, pollution, and insufficient nutrients. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly supplement water to maintain the moisture of the soil, and specially select soils that are not contaminated, and also need to supplement soil nutrients from time to time.

Therefore, it is necessary to develop a soilless culture medium to cope with the current soil problems. However, since the soilless culture medium needs to be processed first, and additional nutrient solution needs to be added, it is not easy to handle the discarded soilless culture medium related items. Therefore, the soilless culture medium has the problems of high cost and environmental pollution.

The present invention provides a water-absorbing structure and a preparation method thereof. The water-absorbing structure of the present disclosure can effectively use waste fruit peels as cultivated Nutrients, while achieving good water retention and water release, allow plants to effectively absorb water, and can be decomposed into a part of nutrients to meet environmental protection requirements.

According to the present invention, a water-absorbing structure is provided, which includes a first peel powder, a gypsum, and a medium. The first peel powder is made from a dragon fruit peel. The first peel powder, gypsum and medium are mixed and solidified to form a water-absorbing structure. The saturated water absorption capacity of the water-absorbing structure is 110ml to 148ml.

According to the water absorption structure described in the preceding paragraph, the first peel powder includes a plurality of first peel powder particles, and the particle size of each first peel powder particle may be 0.25 mm to 3.35 mm.

According to the water-absorbing structure described in the preceding paragraph, the medium can be distilled water or pectin.

According to the water-absorbing structure described in the preceding paragraph, it may further include a fiber powder or a diatomaceous earth, and the fiber powder may be leaf fiber powder or pulp fiber powder.

According to the present invention, a method for preparing a water-absorbing structure is provided, which includes a first peel pretreatment step, a first peel powder preparation step, an adding step, and a solidification molding step. The first peel pretreatment step is to immerse a first peel in a sodium metabisulfite aqueous solution and perform a drying process to obtain a first peel precursor. In the step of preparing the first peel powder, the first peel precursor is added to a lemonade and a distilled water, heated to boiling, and then subjected to another drying treatment, and ground to obtain a first peel powder. The adding step is to add the first peel powder to a gypsum and a medium, and stir uniformly to obtain a water-absorbing material mixture. The curing and molding step is to place the water-absorbing material mixture in a mold and let it stand to obtain a water-absorbing structure.

According to the preparation method of the water-absorbing structure described in the preceding paragraph, in the first peel pretreatment step, the first peel is immersed in the sodium metabisulfite aqueous solution for 1 hour to 2 hours, the sodium metabisulfite aqueous solution concentration may be 5%, and the drying process The time can be 72 hours to 78 hours.

According to the method for preparing the water-absorbing structure described in the preceding paragraph, in the step of preparing the first peel powder, the heating time after the first peel precursor is added with lemon water and distilled water can be 45 minutes to 1 hour, and the time for another drying treatment can be 180 Hours to 196 hours.

According to the method for preparing the water-absorbent structure described in the preceding paragraph, the standing time of the water-absorbent material mixture in the mold in the curing and molding step can be 48 hours to 60 hours.

According to the preparation method of the water-absorbing structure described in the previous paragraph, it may further include a pectin extraction step. The pectin extraction step is used to obtain a pectin, and the pectin can be added to the first peel powder and gypsum in the adding step, and mixed evenly A mixture of absorbent materials is obtained. The pectin extraction step can be immersing a fruit seed in an aqueous solution, or adding a second peel to a lemonade and then heating and stirring to obtain a pectin.

According to the preparation method of the water-absorbing structure described in the preceding paragraph, it may further include a fiber powder treatment step, which is to subject a leaf or a paper material to another drying process and then to grind to obtain a leaf fiber powder or a pulp fiber powder. The fiber powder or pulp fiber powder is added to the first peel powder, gypsum and the medium in the adding step, and mixed uniformly to obtain a water-absorbing material mixture.

100‧‧‧Water absorption structure

200, 300, 400‧‧‧Preparation method of water-absorbing structure

S201, S301, S401‧‧‧The first peel pretreatment step

S202, S302, S402‧‧‧The first peel powder preparation step

S303‧‧‧Pectin extraction step

S403‧‧‧Fiber powder processing steps

S203, S304, S404‧‧‧Add step

S204, S305, S405‧‧‧curing forming steps

In order to make the above and other objectives, features, advantages and embodiments of the present invention more comprehensible, the description of the accompanying drawings is as follows: Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a water absorbing structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure shows a step flow diagram of a method for preparing a water absorbing structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 3 shows a step flow diagram of a method for preparing a water absorbing structure according to another embodiment of the present disclosure; and Figure 4 illustrates Shows a step flow chart of a method for preparing a water-absorbing structure according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

Hereinafter, a plurality of embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. For the sake of clarity, many practical details will be explained in the following description. However, it should be understood that these practical details should not be used to limit the present invention. That is to say, in some embodiments of the present invention, these practical details are unnecessary. In addition, for the sake of simplification of the drawings, some conventionally used structures and elements will be shown in a simple schematic manner in the drawings; and repeated elements may be represented by the same number.

<Water absorption structure>

The water absorbing structure provided by the present invention includes a first peel powder, a gypsum and a medium. The first peel powder is made from a dragon fruit peel. The first peel powder, gypsum and medium are mixed and solidified to form a water-absorbing structure. The first peel powder comprises a plurality of first peel powder particles, each first peel The particle size of the powder particles can be 0.25 mm to 3.35 mm. The saturated water absorption capacity of the water-absorbing structure is 110ml to 148ml. It is worth mentioning that the first peel powder particles are screened by different mesh screens, so they can be divided into first peel powder particles of different particle sizes. The first peel powder particles of different particle sizes can achieve different saturated water absorption.

The medium can be a distilled water or a pectin, and the pectin can be grapefruit pectin, lemon pectin, orange pectin, orange pectin or dragon fruit pectin. The density of pectin of different fruit types is different, the density can be 1.80g/ml to 1.89g/ml, among which pectin can increase the water absorption, pressure resistance and elastic coefficient of the water-absorbing structure. Furthermore, the maximum load of the pectin-added water-absorbing structure is 249.1 kgf to 774.5 kgf, and the elastic coefficient is 70.5 kgf/mm ² .

The water-absorbing structure may further include a fiber powder or a diatomaceous earth, and the fiber powder may be leaf fiber powder or pulp fiber powder. The leaf fiber powder can be Solanum vulgare leaf powder, bitter leaf powder and Bauhinia beetle leaf powder. The fiber powder can not only achieve a more environmentally friendly effect, but also increase the saturated water absorption, compressive strength and water release, and improve the practicality of the water absorption structure . Furthermore, the maximum load of the water-absorbing structure to which the fiber powder is added is 660.1kgf to 685.4kgf, and the amount of water released in 420 minutes is 13.3ml to 24.9ml.

Furthermore, the water-absorbing structure of the present disclosure can be practically applied to planting plants. Please refer to FIG. 1. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a water absorbing structure 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Before starting the test, place the water-absorbing structure 100 in the culture soil and inject 100 ml of water, and no additional water will be injected in the subsequent. The result of the experiment was that the plants without the water-absorbing structure 100 stopped growing or even withered on the third day, while the plants with the water-absorbing structure 100 could Maintain growth for 12 to 18 days. And, in an environment with a fermentation humidity of 60% and a fermentation temperature of 40°C, the amount of nitrogen produced by the culture soil without the water-absorbing structure 100 is 2.3 mg/kg, and the organic matter is 1.4%, and the amount of nitrogen generated by the culture soil with the water-absorbing structure 100 is 4.3 mg/kg to 6.9mg/kg, organic matter is 2.3% to 3.6%. In this way, the water-absorbing structure 100 of the present disclosure can help the cultivating soil to maintain the moisture of the soil, so that plants can maintain growth in an environment with insufficient water sources, and can provide nutrients needed by plants and help plant growth.

<Preparation method of water-absorbing structure>

The preparation method of the water-absorbing structure provided by the present invention includes a first peel pretreatment step, a first peel powder preparation step, an adding step, and a solidification molding step. Thereby, an environmentally friendly and nutrient-rich water-absorbing structure can be prepared.

The first peel pretreatment step is to immerse a first peel in a sodium metabisulfite aqueous solution and perform a drying treatment to obtain a first peel precursor, wherein the first peel may be dragon fruit peel. The time for the first peel to be immersed in the sodium metabisulfite aqueous solution may be 1 hour to 2 hours, and the concentration of the sodium metabisulfite aqueous solution may be 5%. The drying process is to dry the first peel in the sun. The drying process can last from 72 hours to 78 hours. You can also use an ultraviolet dryer to dry at 70°C for 5 hours. The drying process is not in this way. limit.

In the step of preparing the first peel powder, the first peel precursor is added to a lemonade and a distilled water, heated to boiling, and then subjected to another drying treatment, and ground to obtain a first peel powder. Furthermore, the first peel precursor is added to 30ml lemon water, and then 500ml distilled After stirring the water, it is heated to boiling, and the heating time can be 45 minutes to 1 hour. Another drying treatment is drying in the sun. The time of the other drying treatment can be from 180 hours to 196 hours. It can also be dried with an ultraviolet dryer. The drying temperature is 45 degrees and the time is 180 hours. Then, the first peel precursor after another drying process is ground, which can be ground by a grinder to obtain the first peel powder.

The adding step is to add the first peel powder to a gypsum and a medium, and stir uniformly to obtain a water-absorbing material mixture. The added amount of the first peel powder may be 10 parts by weight, the added amount of gypsum may be 30 to 50 parts by weight, and the added amount of the medium may be 50 parts by weight.

The curing and molding step is to place the water-absorbing material mixture in a mold and let it stand to obtain the water-absorbing structure. The mold can be made of polyvinyl chloride, and the inner wall of the mold can be coated with petroleum jelly to make it easier to demold after the water-absorbing structure is solidified, so as to prevent the water-absorbing structure from breaking due to uneven force during demolding. The standing time can be 48 hours to 60 hours.

The preparation method of the water-absorbing structure may further include a pectin extraction step. The present invention mentions two methods for the pectin extraction step, but it is not limited to the two methods. In detail, a pectin extraction step involves immersing a fruit seed in an aqueous solution to obtain a pectin, wherein the fruit seed can be a grapefruit seed, the temperature of the aqueous solution can be 4°C, and the immersion time can be 180 hours. Another pectin extraction step involves adding a second peel to a lemonade and then heating and stirring to obtain pectin. The second peel can be orange peel, orange peel, dragon fruit peel or lemon peel, and it is placed in lemon The time for water can be 30 minutes, and the time for heating and stirring can be 45 minutes.

Furthermore, pectin can be added to the first peel powder and gypsum in the adding step, and mixed uniformly to obtain a water-absorbing material mixture. The added amount of pectin may be 50 parts by weight.

The preparation method of the water-absorbing structure may further include a fiber powder treatment step, which is to subject a leaf or a paper material to a further drying process and grinding to obtain a leaf fiber powder or a pulp fiber powder. Before the leaves are dried again, the stems will be removed first, and the leaves will be kept for another drying treatment. The leaf fiber powder can be obtained by grinding with a grinder.

Furthermore, the leaf fiber powder or the pulp fiber powder can be added to the first peel powder, gypsum and the medium in the adding step, and stirred evenly to obtain the water-absorbing material mixture. The addition amount of leaf fiber powder or pulp fiber powder may be 10 parts by weight.

<Example>

Please refer to FIG. 2. FIG. 2 shows a flowchart of a method 200 for preparing a water-absorbing structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The preparation method 200 of the water-absorbing structure includes a first peel pretreatment step S201, a first peel powder preparation step S202, an adding step S203, and a curing and forming step S204.

The first peel pretreatment step S201 is to immerse the first peel in a 5% concentration sodium metabisulfite aqueous solution, and the immersion time is 1 hour. Then, the first peel is dried in the sun for 72 hours for drying treatment to obtain the first peel precursor. The first peel is dragon fruit peel.

The step S202 of preparing the first peel powder is to add the first peel precursor to 30 ml of lemon water, and then add 500 ml of distilled water, stir evenly and then heat to boiling, the heating time is 45 minutes. After heating Another drying process is performed, and the first peel precursor is dried in the sun for 180 hours. Then, the first peel precursor is ground, and ground with a grinder to obtain the first peel powder.

The adding step S203 is to add the first peel powder to diatomaceous earth, gypsum and distilled water, and stir evenly to obtain a water-absorbing material mixture. The addition amount of the first peel powder is 10 parts by weight, the addition amount of diatomaceous earth is 10 parts by weight, the addition amount of gypsum is 50 parts by weight, and the addition amount of distilled water is 50 parts by weight.

The curing and molding step S204 is to place the water-absorbent material mixture in a mold and let it stand for 48 hours to obtain a water-absorbent structure.

Please refer to Table 1. Table 1 shows the difference in parameters between Example 1-1 and Example 1-2 prepared from Figure 2. The difference between Example 1-1 and Example 1-2 is the preparation of the first peel The particle size of the first peel powder in the powder step S202. The first peel powder of Example 1-1 was sieved through a 7-mesh sieve, and the particle size of the 7-mesh sieve was 2.8 mm. The first peel powder of Example 1-2 was sieved through a 32-mesh sieve, and the particle size of the 32-mesh sieve was 0.5 mm.

Please refer to FIG. 3, which shows a flowchart of a method 300 for preparing a water-absorbing structure according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. The preparation method 300 of the water-absorbing structure includes the first peel pretreatment step S301, the preparation of the first peel A peel powder step S302, a pectin extraction step S303, an adding step S304, and a solidification molding step S305, in which the same parts as the embodiment in FIG. 2 will not be repeated.

In the step S302 of preparing the first peel powder, the particle size of the first peel powder is 0.5 mm.

In the pectin extraction step S303, the fruit seeds are immersed in an aqueous solution at 4° C. for 180 hours, or a second peel is added to a lemon water and left for 30 minutes and heated and stirred for 45 minutes to obtain pectin.

The adding step S304 is to add the first peel powder to the gypsum and pectin, and stir them to obtain a water-absorbing material mixture. The addition amount of the first peel powder is 10 parts by weight, the addition amount of gypsum is 30 parts by weight, and the addition amount of pectin is 50 parts by weight.

The curing and molding step S305 is to place the water-absorbent material mixture in a mold and let it stand for 60 hours to obtain a water-absorbent structure.

Please refer to Table 2. Table 2 is the parameter difference of Example 2-1 to Example 2-5 prepared from Figure 3. The difference between Example 2-1 to Example 2-5 lies in the type of pectin. In particular, the pectin extraction step S303 of Example 2-1 is different from that of Example 2-2 to Example 2-5. In Example 2-1, the fruit seeds were immersed in an aqueous solution at 4° C., the immersion time was 180 hours, and the fruit seeds used were grapefruit seeds, so grapefruit pectin was obtained. In Example 2-2 to Example 2-5, the second peel was added to a lemonade and allowed to stand for 30 minutes and then heated and stirred for 45 minutes. The second peel used in Example 2-2 to Example 2-5 was orange. Peel, orange peel, dragon fruit peel and lemon peel, so orange pectin, orange pectin, dragon fruit pectin and lemon pectin are obtained respectively.

Please refer to FIG. 4. FIG. 4 is a flowchart of steps of a method 400 for preparing a water-absorbing structure according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. The preparation method 400 of the water-absorbing structure includes the first peel pretreatment step S401, the first peel powder preparation step S402, the fiber powder treatment step S403, the adding step S404, and the curing and molding step S405. The same parts as those in the embodiment in FIG. Another repeat.

In the step S402 of preparing the first peel powder, the particle size of the first peel powder is 0.5 mm.

The fiber powder processing step S403 is to subject the leaves or paper to another drying process, in which the leaf stems of the leaves are first removed before being subjected to another drying process, and the leaves are retained for another drying process. Then it is pulverized by a pulverizer to obtain leaf fiber powder or pulp fiber powder.

In the adding step S404, the first peel powder is added to the gypsum, leaf fiber powder or pulp fiber powder and distilled water, and the mixture is uniformly stirred to obtain a water-absorbing material mixture. The addition amount of the first peel powder is 10 parts by weight, the addition amount of gypsum is 30 parts by weight, the addition amount of leaf fiber powder or pulp fiber powder is 10 parts by weight, and the addition amount of distilled water is 50 parts by weight.

The curing and molding step S405 is to place the water-absorbent material mixture in a mold and let it stand for 60 hours to obtain a water-absorbent structure.

Please refer to Table 3. Table 3 is the parameter difference of Example 3-1 to Example 3-4 prepared by Figure 4, where the difference between Example 3-1 to Example 3-4 lies in the fiber powder processing steps S403, especially the embodiment 3-4 is a paper material, and the embodiment 3-1 to the embodiment 3-3 are all leaves, and the leaves of the embodiment 3-1 to the embodiment 3-3 are Solanum oleifera leaves and bitter leaf And Bauhinia leaves.

<Comparative example>

Comparative Example 1: The water-absorbing structure of Comparative Example 1 includes diatomaceous earth, gypsum and distilled water. The content of diatomaceous earth is 10 parts by weight, the content of gypsum is 30 parts by weight, and the content of distilled water is 50 parts by weight.

Comparative Example 2: The water absorption structure of Comparative Example 2 includes the first peel powder, gypsum and distilled water. The addition amount of the first peel powder was 10 parts by weight, the addition amount of gypsum was 30 parts by weight, and the addition amount of distilled water was 50 parts by weight.

Comparative Example 3: The water absorption structure of Comparative Example 3 includes the first peel powder, diatomaceous earth, gypsum and distilled water. The content of the first peel powder is 10 parts by weight, the content of diatomaceous earth is 10 parts by weight, the content of gypsum is 30 parts by weight, and the content of distilled water is 50 parts by weight.

Table 4 lists the test results of saturated water absorption of Examples 1-1 to 1-2 of the present invention and Comparative Example 1. The test method of saturated water absorption is to drop a fixed amount of water on the water absorption structure at fixed intervals, and continue to operate until the maximum saturated water absorption is reached.

It can be seen from the results in Table 4 that whether it is Example 1-1 with a larger particle size of the first peel powder or Example 1-2 with a smaller particle size, the saturated water absorption is higher than that of Comparative Example 1. In this way, the first peel powder can replace part of the diatomaceous earth, which achieves an environmental protection effect and has a better water absorption effect.

Table 5 lists the test results of saturated water absorption, maximum load, and elastic coefficient of Examples 2-1 to 2-5 of the present invention and Comparative Example 2. The test method for the maximum load weight is to cut the water-absorbing structure into a long column shape of 22mm×11mm and a cross-sectional area A of 242mm ² . Then clamp the two ends of the water-absorbent structure to be tested with a fixed jig, apply force at a speed of 20mm/min, and record the maximum load point of the water-absorbent structure rupture, which is the compressive strength S, and then calculate the maximum load weight using the following formula F: F=S×A; The unit of compressive strength S is kgf/mm ² , the unit of maximum load F is kgf, and the coefficient of elasticity is the stress (load)-strain ( Compression) graph gets a slope, which is the elastic coefficient.

From the results in Table 5, it can be seen that Example 2-1 has better saturated water absorption, maximum load and elastic coefficient than Comparative Example 2. In this way, adding grapefruit pectin to the water-absorbing structure can obtain a water-absorbing structure with the best properties, and a water-absorbing structure with a good water-absorbing effect can be obtained. The water-absorbing structure has higher durability and reduces damage caused by external forces.

Table 6 lists the test results of saturated water absorption of Examples 3-1 to 3-4 of the present invention and Comparative Example 3.

It can be seen from the results in Table 6 that although the saturated water absorption of Examples 3-1 to 3-3 is lower than that of Comparative Example 3, the leaf fiber powder can be used to replace the gypsum in the water-absorbing structure to obtain more Environmentally friendly water-absorbing structure. The saturated water absorption results of Example 3-4 are better than those of Comparative Example 3. Therefore, it can be known that the saturated water absorption of the pulp fiber added to the water absorption structure will be better than that of diatomaceous earth. In this way, a more environmentally friendly water absorption structure can be obtained.

In summary, the water absorption structure proposed in the present disclosure is composed of the first peel powder, gypsum and medium, and may further include fiber powder, wherein pectin can be used as the medium to obtain a better water absorption structure. and, The water-absorbing structure can provide nutrients needed for plant growth and maintain the growth of plants, so it can achieve environmental protection effects and also achieve the advantages of resource utilization.

Although the present invention has been disclosed in the above embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone with ordinary knowledge in the technical field can make some changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention shall be determined by the scope of the attached patent application.

100‧‧‧Water absorption structure

Claims (12)

A water absorption structure, comprising: a first peel powder made of a dragon fruit peel; a gypsum; and a medium; wherein the first peel powder, the gypsum and the medium are mixed and solidified to form the water absorption structure; Wherein, the saturated water absorption of the water-absorbing structure is 110ml to 148ml. According to the water-absorbing structure described in item 1 of the scope of patent application, the first peel powder comprises a plurality of first peel powder particles, and the particle size of each first peel powder particle is 0.25 mm to 3.35 mm. In the water-absorbing structure described in item 1 of the scope of patent application, the medium is a distilled water or a pectin. The water-absorbing structure described in the first item of the patent application further includes a fiber powder or a diatomaceous earth, and the fiber powder is leaf fiber powder or pulp fiber powder. A preparation method of water-absorbing structure, including: A first peel pretreatment step is to immerse a first peel in an aqueous solution of sodium metabisulfite and perform a drying treatment to obtain a first peel precursor; a step of preparing the first peel powder is to prepare the first peel powder. The peel precursor is added with a lemonade and a distilled water, heated to boiling, and then subjected to another drying treatment, and ground to obtain a first peel powder; an adding step is to add the first peel powder to a gypsum and a medium, Stir uniformly to obtain a water-absorbing material mixture; and a solidification and molding step is to place the water-absorbing material mixture in a mold and stand still to obtain a water-absorbing structure. The method for preparing the water-absorbing structure as described in item 5 of the patent application, wherein in the first peel pretreatment step, the first peel is immersed in the sodium metabisulfite aqueous solution for 1 hour to 2 hours, and the sodium metabisulfite The concentration of the aqueous solution is 5%, and the drying treatment time is 72 hours to 78 hours. The method for preparing the water-absorbing structure as described in item 5 of the scope of patent application, wherein in the step of preparing the first peel powder, the heating time after the first peel precursor is added to the lemon water and the distilled water is 45 minutes to 1 hour, In addition, the drying treatment time is 180 hours to 196 hours. The method for preparing the water-absorbent structure as described in item 5 of the scope of patent application, wherein the standing time of the water-absorbent material mixture in the mold in the curing and molding step is 48 to 60 hours. The method for preparing the water-absorbing structure as described in item 5 of the scope of the patent application further includes a pectin extraction step for obtaining a pectin, and the pectin is added to the first in the adding step The peel powder and the gypsum are mixed uniformly to obtain the water-absorbing material mixture. The method for preparing the water-absorbing structure as described in item 9 of the scope of patent application, wherein the pectin extraction step is to immerse a fruit seed in an aqueous solution to obtain the pectin. The method for preparing the water-absorbing structure as described in item 9 of the scope of patent application, wherein the pectin extraction step is to add a second peel to a lemonade and then heat and stir to obtain the pectin. As described in item 5 of the scope of patent application, the method for preparing the water-absorbing structure further includes a fiber powder treatment step in which a leaf or a piece of paper is further dried and ground to obtain a leaf fiber powder or a piece of paper. Pulp fiber powder, the leaf fiber powder or the pulp fiber powder In the adding step, the first peel powder, the gypsum and the medium are added, and the mixture is uniformly stirred to obtain the water-absorbing material mixture.

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