TW202003983A - Evacuation structure, and structure employing same, and mobile house - Google Patents

Abstract

An evacuation structure (200, 400) comprises an enclosure including a metal framework structure (200A), and an outer wall (211) covering an outer surface of the framework structure, and buoyancy materials (212, 280, 501 to 504) which are disposed inside the enclosure and have a lower specific gravity than water, wherein a space inside the enclosure excluding the buoyancy materials is defined as an evacuation space (250, 450), a hatch cover (261, 271, 471 to 474) for opening and closing a hatch (260, 270, 461 to 464) provided in the outer wall and communicating with the evacuation space is provided, and a weight obtained by multiplying the density of water by a volume from which water is excluded as a result of all the buoyancy materials becoming submerged is greater than the total weight of the enclosure and the buoyancy materials.

Description

Structure for refuge, structure using it and mobile house

The present invention relates to the durability required for temporary evacuation period for any disaster, especially the evacuation structure that can float up to ensure the space for evacuation when tsunami and floods are involved, and the structure and mobile type using it Housing, etc.

Structures that can float on floods have been proposed. These structures can be roughly divided into: buoys (Patent Documents 1-5) and hollow capsules (Patent Documents 6-7) that do not leak water under the evacuation structure and the lower part of the house. [Prior Technical Literature] [Patent Literature]

[Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2015-101862 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent No. 6065274 [Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent No. 6065275 [Patent Document 4] Japanese Patent No. 6065276 [Patent Document 5] Japanese Patent No. 6065277 [Patent Document 6] Japanese Patent No. 6224385 [Patent Document 7] Japanese Patent No. 5390040

[Problems to be solved by the present invention]

However, if the buoys are arranged in the evacuation structure and the lower part of the house as in Patent Documents 1-5, the stability of the structure when floating when flooding is poor, and the buoy is displaced (displaced) toward the uppermost part by the rollover to evacuate Use structure and house to soak in water. Therefore, guides (four rods, pull cords, etc.) that guide the structure vertically upwards are indispensable. The guide, for example, needs to be designed in consideration of the height of the tsunami, and because of its large-scale structure, the cost will increase.

For example, the water-tight hollow capsules of Patent Documents 6-7 are made of watertight structures such as spherical or polygonal containers, so assembly is difficult and the cost is increased. Moreover, the number of people accommodated in such hollow capsules is limited.

An object of the present invention is to provide a structure for refuge, a structure using the same, and a mobile house, which is a relatively simple structure and has the durability required for temporary refuge during any disaster, especially when it includes tsunami and flood When flooding, it will not sink in the water, but it can surely rise to the surface and can be used for emergency refuge. [Means to solve the problem]

(1) An aspect of the present invention relates to a structure for refuge having a frame body including: a metal skeleton structure and an outer wall covering the outer surface of the skeleton structure; and A buoyancy material inside the frame and having a smaller specific gravity than water; the space in the frame except the buoyancy material is made as a space for refuge, and the frame is provided with the outer wall to communicate with the space for refuge The hatch cover for hatch opening and closing has a weight greater than the total weight of the frame body and the buoyant material after multiplying the density of the water by the volume of the water excluded from the submersion of the buoyant material.

According to one aspect of the present invention, the metal frame structure and the outer wall frame are necessary for temporary evacuation period for any disasters such as tsunami and flood, and wind, rain, snow, earth or sand, etc. Durability. Especially when there is flood damage including tsunami and flood, the buoyancy force acting on the submerged buoyancy material makes the refuge structure rise to the surface. This is because the volume obtained by multiplying the volume V of the water excluded by the flooding of all the buoyancy materials is greater than the total weight of the structure for refuge. That is, if the buoyancy determined by V×ρ×G (G is the acceleration of gravity) is greater than the gravity obtained after multiplying the total weight by the acceleration of gravity, at least a part of the structure for refuge will float from the water surface (The principle of Archimedes). In addition, the evacuation space inside the evacuation structure is a space that ensures a minimum as an emergency evacuation space, and other spaces can be used as spaces in which buoyancy materials are arranged to ensure buoyancy. Because the evacuation structure will not sink even if it is immersed in the evacuation structure, the evacuation space does not necessarily need to be completely waterproof. During at least a few hours across the emergency evacuation, a large amount of water will not immediately invade the person . Since the buoyancy material is disposed inside the frame body, compared with the conventional lower buoy structure, the stability of the evacuation structure when floating is high. Furthermore, since the buoyancy material is blocked (isolated) from the outside, it can reduce deterioration over time. In addition, in this specification, "water" includes seawater, freshwater, or brackish water mixed with seawater and freshwater.

(2) In an aspect (1) of the present invention, the buoyancy material is arranged to surround the evacuation space. In this case, even if the evacuation structure floating on the waterlogging swings or rolls over in any direction, in addition to the general wall body, the evacuees can be protected by cushioning buoyancy materials. In addition, the enclosure does not necessarily enclose the space for evacuation in a sealed manner, and if at least to the extent that the evacuees can be protected, there may be a gap between adjacent buoyancy materials.

(3) In one aspect (1) or (2) of the present invention, the frame is a rectangular parallelepiped, and each of the outer walls on at least four sides except for the outer walls on both sides at both ends of the longitudinal axis of the rectangular parallelepiped, The hatch cover for opening and closing the hatch is arranged. In this case, in case the evacuation structure rolls over, it can still escape from the evacuation space using one of the hatches provided on at least four sides. In addition, if the frame is a cube, hatch covers that open and close the hatches can be arranged on each of the six-sided outer walls. In this case, in case the evacuation structure rolls over, it can still escape from the evacuation space using one of the hatches provided on the six sides.

(4) In one aspect of the present invention (3), the hatches provided on one side of the outer wall on the at least four sides are different from each of the outer walls provided on one side of the outer wall on the at least four sides. The hatch is disposed closer to one of the outer walls of the two surfaces, and the hatch provided on the other surface of the at least four-sided plate is different from the other outer wall provided on the at least four surfaces of the outer wall. Each of the hatches is arranged closer to the other side of the two-sided board. In this way, even if the evacuation structure is in an upright posture such that the length axis of the evacuation structure intersects the water surface at the time of flooding, it can escape through any hatch that floats on the water surface.

(5) Aspects (1) to (4) of the present invention include a connection portion that connects the frame body and an external structure, and the connection portion of the connection portion is released and can be operated from the evacuation space. The frame of the evacuation structure can be connected to an external structure (such as a foundation structure) through a connecting portion in normal times. When floating the structure for refuge during a flood, it is necessary to separate the frame from the external structure. This connection release operation can be performed from inside the evacuation structure.

(6) Another aspect of the present invention relates to a structure including: a multi-purpose structure formed by dividing a multi-purpose space, and the buoyancy disposed inside the frame mounted on the multi-purpose structure The evacuation structure of any one of claims 1 to 5 of the patent application, the weight obtained after multiplying the density of the water by the volume of the water excluded from the total submersion of the buoyancy material is greater than the aforementioned The total weight of the multi-purpose structure and the aforementioned evacuation structure is greater.

According to another aspect of the present invention, in the case of flooding, the refuge structure floats integrally with the multi-purpose structure by the buoyancy acting on the submerged buoyancy material. At this time, the multi-purpose structure becomes a weight, which can prevent the structure from rolling over. Since the interior of the multi-purpose structure can ensure a multi-purpose space, the multi-purpose space can be used as a living space, a leisure space, etc. in normal times. In addition, when the evacuation structure according to aspect (5) of the present invention is used, the structure for evacuation can be separated from the multi-purpose structure after the structure is floated up integrally during flooding. Therefore, it is possible to ensure the degree of freedom of the time for the connection release operation by the connection unit.

(7) In another aspect (6) of the present invention, it further includes a first hatch penetrating the top wall of the multi-purpose structure and the bottom wall of the evacuation structure, and the first hatch provided in the evacuation structure. The first hatch cover that opens and closes the first hatch, and a step that is supported by the bottom wall and that can move up and down between the multi-purpose structure and the evacuation structure. In this way, during emergency evacuation, the first hatch cover can be opened and a staircase can be used to evacuate from the multi-purpose structure to the evacuation structure.

(8) In one aspect of the present invention (7), the refuge structure includes a frame portion that is provided around the first hatch and rises from the ground, and the first hatch cover includes A sealing portion that is supported by the frame portion to be opened and closed and seals the top surface of the frame portion. The first hatch cover seals the top surface of the frame portion, so that the first hatch cover can be opened and closed freely, and the watertight sealability is surely ensured.

(9) In one aspect of the present invention (8), the step is foldable or retractable, and can be inside the space defined by the first hatch and the space surrounded by the frame, Contain the aforementioned ladder. In this way, when the ladder is not in use, the inefficiency that the multi-purpose structure is often occupied by the ladder can be excluded. In addition, in the step, a cover that locks the first hatch when the step is accommodated may be arranged. In this case, when the ladder is not in use, the first hatch body is closed by the cover, so that the habitability and aesthetics in the multi-purpose structure can be improved.

(10) A still further aspect of the present invention relates to a mobile house that includes: a vehicle and aspects of the present invention (1) to (5) that are detachably mounted on the vehicle One of the refuge structures.

According to other aspects of the present invention, it is possible to provide a mobile house that can be carried on a vehicle to move and move refuge structures, and thus can temporarily prevent any disasters including floods such as tsunamis and floods. The durability required during evacuation.

(11) Still other aspects of the present invention relate to a mobile house that includes a vehicle and other aspects of the present invention (6) to (9) that are detachably mounted on the vehicle Any one of the structures.

According to another aspect of the present invention, it is possible to provide a mobile house which can be carried on a vehicle and can move and move a structure, so that there can be a temporary refuge period for any disaster including floods such as tsunamis and floods A mobile house with required durability, especially a mobile house in which a multi-purpose structure and an evacuation structure are integrated.

Hereinafter, the best embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. In addition, the present embodiment described below does not limit the content of the present invention described in the scope of patent application, and all of the configurations described in the present embodiment are not necessarily required for the solution means of the present invention.

1.　First embodiment 1.1. Outline of the structure Fig. 1 is a structure 1 showing a first embodiment of the present invention. The structure 1 is provided with a multi-purpose structure 100 for partitioning into a multi-purpose space for living and leisure use, and a refuge structure 200 for partitioning a refuge space. The front panel 110 of the multi-purpose structure 100 is provided with an entrance 2 and a window 3. The window 3 may be provided on the back panel (not shown) and the side panel of the multi-purpose structure 100. On the top plate 230 of the evacuation structure 200, a hatch cover 271 (a second hatch) 270 (refer to FIG. 2) that serves as an entrance and exit at the time of evacuation is provided. The structure 1 has, for example, a length of 12 m, a depth of 2.2 m, and a height of 4.2 m, but the size can be appropriately changed according to the number of people accommodated.

This structure 1 has the durability required for temporary refuge during any disaster, and especially for floods including tsunamis and floods, although the roof 230 of the refuge structure 200 will be lower than the water level, it will not be completely The ground is submerged and rises to the surface. The weight of the multi-purpose structure 100 and the evacuation structure 200 after being submerged by the volume of water multiplied by the density of the water is the weight generated by the total weight of the multi-purpose structure 100 and the evacuation structure 200 the above.

Here, in this specification, the water may be any one of seawater, freshwater, or brackish water mixed with seawater and freshwater. In the design of the structure 1, the buoyancy is calculated based on the general water with a density of 1000 kg/m ³ and a specific gravity of about 4°C. In this case, there is no problem in seawater and brackish water having a larger specific gravity because greater buoyancy can be obtained.

According to this structure 1, even if the multi-purpose structure 100 and the refuge structure 200 including the tsunami and flood are flooded, the structure 1 can still act on the submerged multi-purpose structure 100 and the refuge structure 200 buoyancy. If the buoyancy is greater than the total weight, at least a part of the refuge structure 200 can float from the water surface. Furthermore, the multi-purpose structure 100 becomes a weight to prevent the structure 1 from overturning.

FIG. 2 shows the internal space of the multi-purpose structure 100 and the evacuation structure 200. The multi-purpose structure 100 is a multi-purpose space 150 partitioned by a front panel 110, a back panel (not shown), a floor 120, a top panel 130, and side panels 140 on both sides. However, the multi-purpose structure 100 is displayed in a state where no equipment is installed in the multi-purpose space 150. The evacuation structure 200 is a evacuation space 250 partitioned by a front panel 210, a back panel (not shown), a floor 220, a top panel 230, and side panels 240 on both sides. The first hatch 260 is provided so as to penetrate the floor 220 of the evacuation structure 250 and the top plate 130 of the multi-purpose structure 100 (collectively, plates 130 and 220, also referred to as partition walls that divide the first and second floors). In addition, a second hatch 270 is provided through the top plate 230 of the evacuation structure 200. The first hatch 260 is provided with a first hatch cover 261 (see FIGS. 8 and 9 ), and the second hatch 270 is provided with a second hatch cover 271 (see FIGS. 1 and 10 ). In order to allow people to move from the multi-purpose structure 100 toward the evacuation structure 200 through the first hatch 260 and the first hatch cover 261, the top plate 130 of the multi-purpose structure 100 or the floor 120 of the evacuation structure 200 is provided with Ladder 160.

In this embodiment, a buoyant material 280 having a specific gravity of less than 1 can be arranged inside the evacuation structure 200. The buoyant material 280 may include buoyant materials 280A and 280B formed of at least one type, for example, two types of sizes and a predetermined shape, such as a rectangular parallelepiped. Inside the refuge structure 200, the buoyancy members 280A and 280B may be closely arranged in the vertical and horizontal directions. In this embodiment, the buoyant material 280 is arranged in the four corners of the internal space of the evacuation structure 200 and the ceiling 230 in the area other than the second hatch 270. Assuming that all of the buoyancy material 280 is submerged, buoyancy in proportion to the total volume of the buoyancy material 280 can be ensured. In FIG. 2, the space except for the buoyant material 280 among the internal spaces of the evacuation structure 200 can be secured as the evacuation space 250.

1.2.　Multi-purpose structure The multi-purpose structure 100 will also be described with reference to FIGS. 3 to 5. In FIG. 3, the skeleton structure 100A of the multi-purpose structure 100 is shown. As shown in FIG. 3, the skeleton structure 100A has a front panel 110, a back panel (not shown), a floor 120, a top panel 130, and side panels 140 on both sides shown in FIG. It is a skeleton material 101 such as columns and beams formed of a non-ferrous metal and the like, and it is a skeleton structure in which a vertical material or a horizontal material is combined. The frame material 101 is connected by welding, for example. In this embodiment, for example, steel material SUS is used, and the skeleton structure 100A is formed by welding.

As shown in FIG. 4, by providing various plates on the outside and inside of the skeleton structure 100A, the front panel 110, the back panel (not shown), the floor panel 120, the top panel 130, and the The side panels 140 on both sides. FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of the front panel 110. FIG. As shown in FIG. 4, the outer wall of the skeleton structure 100A is provided with an outer wall pallet 111 made of metal or other durable materials. The outer wall pallet 111 is made of, for example, steel SUS, and is welded to the skeleton structure 100A. In this way, in this embodiment, since the metal skeleton structure 100A and the outer wall bracket 111 form a frame, the multi-purpose structure 100 has the durability required for temporary evacuation to any disaster.

The inner wall of the skeletal structure 100A is provided with, for example, a fiberglass pallet 112, a steel pallet 113, and a gypsum board 114 as heat insulating pallets in order from the side close to the skeletal structure 100A. Each pallet forming the inner wall is joined by an adhesive or the like, and is joined to the skeleton structure 100A. In the gypsum board 114, an interior material can be suitably arranged.

FIG. 5 is an example showing the layout arrangement of the multi-purpose space 150 of the multi-purpose structure 100. The multi-purpose space 150 is provided with various incidental equipment for residential purposes, for example. At the position of, for example, arrow A in FIG. 5, a connection portion for water supply, drainage, and power supply may be arranged.

The floor 120 of the multi-purpose structure 100 is formed by, for example, attaching a plywood veneer to a steel pallet, and the top plate 130 is formed, for example, by attaching a gypsum board to the top of the steel pallet.

1.3.　Evacuation structure The evacuation structure 200 will also be described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7. In FIG. 6, the skeleton structure 200A of the evacuation structure 200 is shown. As shown in FIG. 6, the skeleton structure 200A includes a front panel 210, a back panel (not shown), a floor panel 220, a top panel 230, and side panels 240 on both sides shown in FIG. The frame materials 201 such as columns and beams are the same as the frame structure of the vertical material, the horizontal material, or the inclined material, and are the same as the frame structure 100A of the multi-purpose structure 100. The frame material 201 is formed in the same manner as the frame material 102. In this embodiment, steel SUS is used, and the frame structure 200A is formed by welding.

As shown in FIG. 7, by providing various plates on the outside and inside of the skeleton structure 200A, the front panel 210, the back panel (not shown), the floor panel 220, the top panel 230 and the The side panels 240 on both sides. Fig. 7 is an exploded perspective view of the front panel 210. As shown in FIG. 7, an outer wall bracket 211 is provided as an outer wall of the skeleton structure 200A. The outer wall pallet 211 made of metal or other durable material is made of steel SUS, for example, and is welded to the skeleton structure 100A. At this time, it is preferable to increase the number of welding points more than the multi-purpose structure 100, and it is preferable to improve the structure for evacuation by welding the entire circumference across the position where the frame material 201 contacts the outer wall bracket 211 The watertightness of the object 200 is tight. The frame structure 200A and the outer wall bracket 211 constitute a frame of the evacuation structure 200. In this way, in this embodiment, since the metal skeleton structure 200A and the outer wall bracket 211 form the frame, the evacuation structure 200 also has the durability required for temporary evacuation during any disaster.

In the first embodiment, the inner wall of the skeleton structure 200A is provided in order from the side close to the skeleton structure 200A: buoyancy material pallets with a specific gravity less than 1 such as polystyrene pallets 212, steel pallets 213, and gypsum板214. Each pallet forming the inner wall is joined by an adhesive or the like, and is joined to the skeleton structure 200A. In the gypsum board 214, an interior material can be suitably arranged. In this way, by arranging the buoyant material pallets 212 on part or all of the front panel 210, the back panel (not shown), the floor panel 220, the top panel 230, and the side panels 240 on both sides of the structure 200 for refuge Increase the buoyancy acting on the structure 1. Moreover, by arranging the buoyancy material pallet 212 between the outer wall pallet (outer wall material) 211 and the steel pallet 213 and the gypsum board 214 (these are also called inner wall materials), the buoyancy material 212 is isolated from the outside It can reduce deterioration over time. In addition, the buoyancy material pallet may be a part or all of the plates 210 to 240 arranged on the multi-purpose structure 100.

The floor 2120 of the refuge structure 200 is formed by, for example, attaching a plywood veneer to a steel pallet, and the top plate 2130 is formed by, for example, two steel pallets.

1.4.　Hatch structure FIG. 8 shows the first hatch cover 261 and the step 160 arranged on the first hatch 260. The first hatch cover 261 has a function to lock the first hatch 260 and a function to release the lock. In particular, when the first hatch 260 is closed by the first hatch cover 261, it is possible to ensure that the watertightness is not leak tight. This is because it is possible to prevent the multi-purpose structure 100 from flooding the evacuation structure 200.

The structure that can ensure the watertightness of the first hatch 261 that can be opened and closed is shown in FIG. 8. The evacuation structure 200 has a frame portion 290 provided around the first hatch 260 and rising from the floor 220. As shown in FIG. 9, the first hatch cover 261 is supported by the frame portion 290 so as to be openable and closable through the opening and closing guide mechanisms 262, 263, and 264. The opening and closing guide mechanisms 262 and 263 may be gas springs. The elastic sealing material 265 is arranged on the back surface of the first hatch cover 261 along the top surface 291 of the frame portion 290. Unlike this, the sealing material may be arranged on the top surface 291 side of the frame portion 290. The important point is that when the first hatch cover 261 is closed, there is only a sealing portion that seals the top surface 291 of the frame portion 290. On the back surface of the first hatch cover 261, a handle 266 and a lock and lock mechanism 267 may be provided. In this way, when evacuating, by operating the handle 266 from the multi-purpose structure 100 side, the lock mechanism 267 can be released to open the first hatch cover 261. In addition, as long as it is not particularly necessary, a mechanism for opening the first hatch cover 261 from the evacuation structure 200 side is not necessary.

The upper end portion of the step 160 shown in FIG. 8 is rotatably supported by the partition walls 130 and 230. The ladder 160 is foldable or expandable, and can be accommodated in the space partitioned by the first hatch 260 and the space surrounded by the frame 290. In this way, when the step 160 is not used, the inefficiency that the multi-purpose structure 200 is often occupied by the step 160 can be eliminated. In the step 160, a lid 161 that locks the first hatch 260 when the step 160 is accommodated may be disposed. In this case, by closing the first hatch 260 with the lid 161 when the ladder is not in use, the habitability and beauty of the multi-purpose structure 100 can be improved.

FIG. 10 shows the second hatch cover 271 arranged on the second hatch 270 shown in FIG. 1. The second hatch cover 271 has a function to lock the second hatch 270 and a function to release the lock. In particular, when the second hatch 270 is closed by the second hatch cover 271, the watertightness can be ensured without leakage. This is because it is possible to prevent flooding of the evacuation structure 200 from the second hatch 270.

The structure that can ensure the watertightness of the second hatch 271 that can be opened and closed is shown in FIG. 10. The evacuation structure 200 has a frame portion 292 that is provided around the second hatch 270 and rises from the top plate 230. As shown in FIG. 10, the second hatch cover 271 is supported by the frame portion 292 so as to be openable and closable through the opening and closing guide mechanisms 272, 273, and 274. The opening and closing guide mechanisms 272 and 273 may be gas springs. The elastic sealing material 275 is arranged on the back surface of the second hatch cover 271 along the top surface 293 of the frame portion 292. Unlike this, the sealing material may be arranged on the top surface 293 side of the frame portion 292. The important point is that when the second hatch cover 271 is closed, there is only a sealing portion that seals the top surface 293 of the frame portion 292. On the back of the second hatch cover 271, a handle 276 and a lock and lock mechanism 277 may be provided. In this way, when evacuating, by operating the handle 266 from the evacuation structure 200 side, the lock mechanism 267 can be released to open the second hatch cover 271. Thereby, it can be detached from the structure 1 to the outside. If necessary, a handle is also provided on the surface side of the second hatch cover 271, so that the operation can be performed from the top side of the evacuation structure 200. By this, not only the first hatch 260, but also the second hatch 270 can be used as a refuge port.

1.5. 　 Buoyancy calculation 1.5.1. 　 Gravity F1 due to the total weight W1 of the structure 1 The total weight W1 of the structure 1 in FIG. 1 is 15644.33 kg. The weight of each material is as follows. (1) Weight of skeleton structure 100A and 200A　 = 671011kg (2) The weight of steel 　　　　　　　　　 = 6175.14kg (3) Weight of heat insulation material 　　　　　　　　=　11464kg (4) The weight of buoyancy material 　　　　　　　　=　976.27kg (5) The weight of gypsum material 　　　　　　　　=　762.17kg (6) The weight of the veneer for the ground 　　　　　　=　826.00kg The gravity F1 generated by the total weight W1 of the structure 1 is W1×G if the acceleration of gravity is G (9.81 m/s). (7) Gravity F1 generated by the total weight W1 of the structure 1 =153472.74N

1.5.2.　Gravity F2 due to the total weight W2 outside the structure 1 in the structure 1 during evacuation The total weight W2 other than the structure 1 in the structure 1 during evacuation is assumed to be 2350 kg when the evacuees and others (spare furniture materials, food, equipment, etc.) are assumed. Its contents are as follows. (8) One person per person 70kg × 5 people 　　　 = 350kg (9) Other 　　　　　　　　　=2000kg (10) Gravity F2 due to the total weight W2 other than the structure 1 =23053.50N

1.5.3.　Buoyancy F3 When all or part of the structure 1 is arranged in water, it is only lighter than the mass of the water excluded by the structure 1 (Archimedes' principle). Therefore, the buoyancy F3 is V (volume of water excluded by the structure 1) × ρ (density of water) × G (gravity acceleration). In the following calculation, only the volume of water excluded by the buoyancy materials 212 and 280 is calculated as the volume of water excluded by the structure 1. In fact, since components other than the buoyancy materials 212 and 280 can also exclude water, greater buoyancy can be obtained, but it is not included in the buoyancy calculation. If calculated in this way, even if the internal spaces of the multi-purpose structure 100 and the evacuation structure 200 are immersed in water, the structure 1 can float without sinking, and the safety can be improved.

The buoyancy F3 is the product of the volume V of the buoyancy materials 212 and 280, the density ρ of water, and the acceleration of gravity G (9.81 m/S ² ), that is, C=V×ρ×G. (11) The total volume of buoyancy materials 212, 280 V = 21695m ³ (12) The density of water ρ = 1000kg/m ³ (13) The buoyancy F3 = V × ρ × G = 212827.95N

1.5.4. 　 Structure 1 floating 1.5.4.1.　Buoyancy produced by buoyancy materials From the comparison of (7) and (13) above, it can be understood that because the buoyancy F3 is greater than the gravity F1 generated by the total weight of the structure 1 (F3>F1), the structure 1 floats in balance with the buoyancy F3 Without sinking. That is, the weight (V×ρ) obtained by multiplying the density ρ of the water after the volume V of the water excluded by the buoyancy materials 212 and 280 is greater than the total weight W1 of the structure 1 is obtained. In this embodiment, even when considering flooding, it can be understood from the comparison of (7)+(10) and (13), because the buoyancy F3 is greater than the total weight of the evacuees and various equipment added to the structure 1 The gravity F1+F2 (=176, 526.24N) generated by (W1+W2) is larger (F3>F1+F2), so the structure 1 will not sink and can float even when flooding occurs.

1.5.4.2.　Buoyancy generated by buoyancy materials and refuge space The higher the watertightness of the evacuation structure 200 is, the more the evacuation space 250 in the evacuation structure 200 will not be flooded during the evacuation period. Therefore, the buoyancy generated according to the capacity of at least the evacuation space 250 can be used.

In this embodiment, the volume of the evacuation space 250 is a value obtained by subtracting the volume of the article (25.37 m ³ ) in the evacuation structure 200 such as the buoyant material 280 from the volume of the multi-purpose structure 100 (52.80 m ³ ). It is 27.43m ³ . Here, the buoyancy F4 generated by the volume of the evacuation space 250 is as follows. (14) Buoyancy F4 = (Volume of evacuation space 250) × (Density of water ρ) × (Gravity acceleration) = 27.43m ³ × 1000kg/m ³ × 9.81m/s ² = 269088.30N

On the other hand, the gravity F5 generated by the air in the volume of the evacuation space 250 becomes as follows. (15) Gravity F5 = (Volume of evacuation space 250) × (Density of air) × (Gravity acceleration) = 27.43m ³ × 1.225kg/m ³ × 9.81m/s ² = 329.633N

Therefore, the substantial buoyancy F6 generated by the volume of the evacuation space 250 becomes as follows. (16) Buoyancy F6=F4-F5=269088.30N-329.633N =268758.67N

Therefore, the combined buoyancy F7 of the buoyancy F3 generated by the buoyancy material and the buoyancy F6 generated by the evacuation space 250 becomes as follows. (17) Buoyancy F7=F3+F6=212827.95N+268758.67N =481586.62N Therefore, from the comparison of (7)+(10) and (17), it can be understood that since F7>F1+F2, the structure 1 does not sink and can float even when flooding occurs.

1.5.5. The total weight W3 of the refuge structure 200 monomer floating on the refuge structure 200 monomer is 7584.8 kg. Therefore, the gravity F8 generated by the total weight W3 of the evacuation structure 200 monomers is as follows. (18) Gravity F8=7584.8kg×9.81m/s ² =74406.89N On the other hand, at least the buoyancy force F3 or F7 also acts on the evacuation structure 200 monomer. Moreover, the comparison F3>F8 from (13) and (18) is established, and the comparison F7>F8 from (17) and (18) is established. It can be understood that even if the evacuation structure 200 is from the multi-purpose structure 100 When it is cut off, the evacuation structure 200 unit does not sink and can float. In this way, the safety and reliability of the structure 1 can be improved. Furthermore, it is possible to ensure the availability of only the evacuation structure 200 in a state where it is cut away from the multi-purpose structure 100.

In order to separate the evacuation structure 200 from the multi-purpose structure 100 during flooding, it includes a connecting portion that connects the multi-purpose structure 100 and the evacuation structure 200. The connection portion is preferably configured to allow the connection to be released from the inside of the evacuation structure 200. As for the connecting portion, FIGS. 20 to 22 are used as described later.

2. 　 Second embodiment Fig. 11 is a perspective view of a mobile house according to a second embodiment of the invention. In FIG. 11, the mobile house 300 is a structure 1 equipped with a multi-purpose structure 100 and an evacuation structure 200 on a cargo bed 320 of a vehicle 310. When the structure 1 is transported, the structure 1 is fixed to the cargo bed 320. When it arrives at the moving place, the fixing of the cargo bed 320 of the structure 1 is released. Thereby, the structure 1 can float without flooding when flooding. This mobile house 300 can be used in countries and regions where there is no height restriction on the overall height of the vehicle 310. Moreover, if the area where flooding occurs due to global warming is loosely restricted as a special zone, the use of the mobile house 300 may be approved.

When the overall height of the vehicle 310 has a height limitation, as shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, the mobile house 300 may be separated into a multi-purpose structure 100 and an evacuation structure 200 and may be transported by the vehicle 310. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 12, the mobile house may be constituted by the vehicle 310 and the multi-purpose structure 100 supported by the cargo bed 320 of the vehicle 310. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 13, the mobile house may be constituted by the vehicle 310 and the evacuation structure 200 supported by the cargo bed 320 of the vehicle 310. At this time, the structure 200 for evacuation may be connected to the cargo bed 320 by the connection part 800 mentioned later using FIGS. 20-22.

3. 　 Third embodiment 3.1. Structure of refuge structure Figs. 14 to 22 show the evacuation structure 400 used in a single unit (Figs. 14 and 15) instead of the evacuation structure 200 (Fig. 19) in the first and second embodiments. . The evacuation structure 400 differs from the evacuation structure 200 in the first and second embodiments in appearance, as shown in FIG. 14, FIG. 15 and FIG. 19, the top plate 430 has the first The hatch 461 has a second hatch 462 on the floor panel 420, a third hatch 463 on the front panel 410, a fourth hatch 464 on the back panel 440, and these first to fourth hatches 461 ~ 464 points of the first to fourth hatches 471 to 474 which are opened and closed. Therefore, the cuboid refuge structure 400 is used as a single unit, and any one of the plates 410 to 440 may face upward when flooding, one of the first to fourth hatches 461 to 464 Prolapse.

Furthermore, at least two hatches 463 and 464 among the first to fourth hatches 461 to 464 can be opened at positions close to the side panels 401 and 402 at both ends of the longitudinal axis of the evacuation structure 400. In this way, even if the long axis of the evacuation structure 400 crosses the water surface in a standing posture when flooding occurs, the hatch 463 of the long axis floating on the water surface can be transmitted through Or hatch 464 comes out. In addition, the first to fourth hatch covers 471 to 474 are similar to the first and second hatches 260 and 270 of the first embodiment, and a water-tight structure is established when the cover is closed. As shown in FIG. 19, in order to easily open the first hatch cover 471 and to detach from the first hatch 461, a step 480 may be provided. In addition, in the second hatch 462, a step 160 or the like may be provided in the same manner as in the first embodiment.

The difference in internal structure between the evacuation structure 400 and the evacuation structure 200 in the first and second embodiments is in the arrangement of the buoyancy material. 16 to 18 show the buoyancy material used in the structure 400 for evacuation. Here, the evacuation structure 400 may include a skeleton structure 200A of the evacuation structure 200 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 7 and an outer wall pallet 111 shown in FIG. 8 (but the third And the fourth hatches 463 and 464 are added). Therefore, this evacuation structure 400 can have the durability required for temporary evacuation during any disaster. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 16, buoyancy members 501 and 502 forming inner wall surfaces of the front panel 410 and the rear panel 420 are provided. In addition, a buoyant material 503 shown in FIG. 17 is provided in the space surrounded by the buoyant materials 501 and 502 shown in FIG. 16. In addition, the interior of the evacuation structure 400 is delimited by these buoyancy members 501 to 503 into a evacuation space 450 as shown in FIG. 19. In this embodiment, it may be further that a buoyant material 504 shown in FIG. 18 is further provided at the interface of the evacuation space 450. The buoyancy material 504 is the bottom wall, the top wall, and the peripheral wall forming the evacuation space 450. These buoyancy members 501 to 504 can surround the evacuation space 450. In this embodiment, these buoyancy materials 501 to 503 use materials with a density lower than water (specific gravity is less than 1), such as polystyrene with a density of 45 kg/m ³ , and buoyancy materials 504 with a density of 45 kg/ Polyurethane of m ³ (for example, a thickness of 10 cm). In this way, the interface of the evacuation space 450 is formed of a buoyant material, and even if the evacuation structure 400 floats in any posture during flooding, the evacuator will not be injured.

3.2. 　 Connection Department FIGS. 20 to 22 show the connection portion 800 that can be operated from inside the evacuation spaces 150 and 450 of the evacuation structures 200 and 400 during a flood. By the operation of the connecting portion 800, the evacuation structures 200 and 400 can be changed from the cargo bed 320 of the vehicle 310 shown in FIG. 13 to the multi-purpose structure 100 shown in FIG. 19 and shown in FIG. 25. The foundation structure (foundation frame) 600A or the floor frame 600B shown in FIG. 26 is cut away. The connecting portion 800 is enlarged as shown in FIG. 19, and is exposed from a plurality of places on the floor (at eight places in FIG. 19) at least when connecting/unconnecting. In FIG. 20, the frame 600 is the top plate 230 of the multi-purpose structure 100 or part of the frames 600A and 600B, and the frame 700 is a constituent element of the floors 220 and 420 of the evacuation structures 200 and 400. The two connecting portions 800 shown in FIG. 20 are connected to the frame 600 in a detachable manner.

As shown in FIG. 21 and FIG. 22, the coupling portion 800 includes the embedded nut portion 820 integrated with the flange 810 in the frame 600 (see also FIG. 24 ). By joining the flange 810 to the frame 600 by welding, for example, the embedded nut portion 820 is fixed to the frame 600. The connecting portion 800 has, for example, a bolt insertion portion 850 that is joined to the frame 700 by the upper and lower flanges 830 and 840 (see also FIG. 23 ). In the bolt insertion portion 850, for example, three O-rings 860 are arranged as seal portions. The coupling portion 800 is a bolt 870 having a bolt insertion portion 850 inserted therein and screwed into the embedded nut portion 820. The bolt 870 has a shaft portion 871 through which the bolt insertion portion 850 is inserted and is sealed by an O-ring 860 without water leakage, a bolt portion 872 screwed into the embedded nut portion 820, and provided on the shaft portion The head 873 at the upper end of 871. By rotating the head 873 from inside the evacuation spaces 150 and 450 with a screw wrench or the like, the frame 700 can be cut away from the frame 600. Even after the frame 700 is cut away from the frame 600, as long as the shaft portion 871 is left with the bolt 870 sealed with an O-ring in a watertight state, water inflow from the bolt insertion portion 850 can be prevented.

In addition, the connecting portion 800 may have a known coupling structure other than bolts and nuts. The connecting portion 800 may be, for example, a locking portion having an inverted T-shaped cross section, inserted into a slit groove formed in the frames 600 and 700, and may rotate the locking portion by, for example, 90 degrees. As a result, the inverted T-shaped horizontal axis of the locking portion is moved toward the recessed portion formed in the frame 600. In this case, since the locking portion is restricted from moving up and down by the frame 600, the evacuation structures 200 and 400 can be connected to the top plate 230 or the base structure of the multi-purpose structure 100. If the inverted T-shaped locking part is rotated in reverse, the connection will be released.

3.3. 　 Buoyancy calculation 3.3.1. Gravity F9 generated by the total weight of the refuge structure 400 itself The total weight of the evacuation structure 400 is 7349 kg, and the weight of each part is as follows. (1) The weight of skeleton structure 200A 　　 = 2812.80kg (2) The weight of steel 　　　　　　　 =2992.80kg (3) The weight of buoyancy material 　　　　　　=1131.03kg (4) The weight of the floor board 　　　　 =413.00kg The gravity F9 generated by the total weight W1 of the structure 1 is W1×G if the acceleration of gravity is G (9.81 m/s). (5) Gravity F9 generated by the total weight W1 of the structure 400 =72099.87N

3.3.2.　 Gravity F10 due to the total weight inside the refuge structure 400 Gravity F2 due to the total weight W2 outside the structure 400 in the evacuation structure 400 during evacuation The total weight W2 other than the structure 1 in the structure 1 during evacuation is assumed to be 2350 kg when the evacuees and others (spare furniture materials, food, equipment, etc.) are assumed. Its contents are as follows. (6) One person per person 70kg×5 people 　　 = 350kg (7) Gravity due to the total weight W2 other than the structure 400 F10=3430N

3.3.3　Buoyancy F11 The buoyancy F11 is V (volume of water excluded by the structure 400) × ρ (density of water) × G (gravitational acceleration). In the following calculation, only the volume of water excluded by the buoyancy materials 501 to 504 is calculated as the volume of water excluded by the structure 400. In fact, since members other than the buoyancy materials 501 to 504 can also exclude water, greater buoyancy can be obtained, but it is not included in the buoyancy calculation. In this way, even if the internal space of the structure 400 for evacuation is immersed in water, the structure 400 can float without sinking, and the safety can be improved.

The buoyancy F11 is the product of the volume V of the buoyancy materials 501 to 504, the density ρ of water, and the acceleration of gravity G (9.81 m/S ² ), that is, C=V×ρ×G. (8) The total volume of buoyancy material 501～504 V=20.584m ³ (9) Density of water ρ=1000kg/m ³ (10) Buoyancy F11=V×ρ×G =201929.08 N because buoyancy F11＞F9+F10= 75529.87N, so it can be understood that the refuge structure 400 is a single floating.

In addition, although the present embodiment is described in detail as described above, those skilled in the art can easily understand that many modifications can be made without physically departing from the novel matters and effects of the present invention. Therefore, all such modifications are included in the scope of the present invention. For example, in the specification or drawings, terms that are recorded together with different terms that are broader or synonymous at least once can be replaced with the different terms no matter where in the specification or the drawings. In addition, all combinations of the present embodiment and modified examples are also included in the scope of the present invention.

The evacuation structures 200 and 400 are, in addition to FIG. 1, FIG. 11, FIG. 13, FIG. 19, FIG. 25, and FIG. 26, various installation examples can be considered. In one example, Figure 27 shows a residential facility 900 having a first floor area 910 and a second floor area 920. The first floor area 910 and the second floor area 920 are connected by a ladder 930, and the second floor area 920 is a safety fence Surrounded by 940. The evacuation structure 400 is installed in the second floor area 920 of FIG. 27. Instead of the structure 400 for evacuation, the structure 200 for evacuation may be used. The evacuation structure 400 (200) may be detachably connected to the ground of the two-floor area 920, or may be stacked on the multi-purpose structure 100 in the state shown in FIG. 19. In the 1-floor area 910, in addition to the multi-purpose structure 100, residential structures 950, 960 and parking spaces configured in the same manner as the multi-purpose structure 100 are provided. In the two-floor area 920, in addition to the evacuation structure 400, a residential structure 970 configured in the same manner as the multi-purpose structure 100 is arranged.

In addition, although the number of people accommodated in the evacuation structures 200 and 400 is five in the calculation of buoyancy, it is not limited to this. The evacuation structures 200 and 400 may be in addition to the skeleton structure, the outer wall, at least one hatch and hatch cover, and other members such as an inner wall may be suitably added. The outer wall and the inner wall are, in addition to the outermost outer wall pallet and the innermost inner wall pallet, for example, a wall formed of a heat insulating wall or a buoyancy material, etc., may be suitably added as an intermediate wall between those.

1‧‧‧Structure 2‧‧‧ Entrance 3‧‧‧window 100‧‧‧multi-purpose structure 110‧‧‧Front panel 111‧‧‧Outside pallet 112‧‧‧Insulation pallet 113‧‧‧Steel pallet 114‧‧‧ Plaster boat 120‧‧‧Floor 130‧‧‧Top plate 130、230‧‧‧Partition wall 140‧‧‧Side panel 150‧‧‧multi-purpose space 160‧‧‧ladder 161‧‧‧cover 200‧‧‧Evacuation structure 210‧‧‧Front panel 211‧‧‧Outside pallet 212‧‧‧Buoyancy material pallet 213‧‧‧Steel pallet 214‧‧‧ Plaster boat 220‧‧‧Floor 230‧‧‧Top plate 240‧‧‧Side panel 250‧‧‧Space for refuge 260‧‧‧ First hatch 261‧‧‧ First hatch 270‧‧‧ 2nd hatch 271‧‧‧ 2nd hatch 280‧‧‧buoyancy material 280A, 280B 290‧‧‧frame 291‧‧‧Top 292‧‧‧frame 293‧‧‧Top 300‧‧‧Mobile house 310‧‧‧Vehicle 320‧‧‧cargo platform 400‧‧‧Evacuation structure 401, 402‧‧‧Side panel 410‧‧‧Front panel 420‧‧‧Floor 430‧‧‧Top plate 440‧‧‧Back panel 450‧‧‧Space for refuge 461～464‧‧‧First to fourth hatches 471～474‧‧‧First to fourth hatches 480‧‧‧Ladder 501～504‧‧‧buoyancy material 600, 700‧‧‧ frame 800‧‧‧Link

[Figure 1] A perspective view of a structure according to a first embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] A perspective view of the front panel of the structure shown in Figure 1 after being removed. [Figure 3] A perspective view showing the skeleton structure of a multi-purpose structure of the structure shown in Figure 1. [FIG. 4] An exploded perspective view of front panels provided on the outside and inside of the skeleton structure shown in FIG. 3. [Fig. 5] A plan view showing an example of the layout of a multi-purpose structure. [Figure 6] A perspective view showing the skeleton structure of the structure for evacuation of the structure shown in Figure 1. [FIG. 7] An exploded perspective view of front panels provided on the outside and inside of the skeleton structure shown in FIG. 6. [Figure 8] A perspective view of a first hatch and a ladder. [Figure 9] A perspective view of the first hatch. [Figure 10] A perspective view of the second hatch. [Figure 11] A perspective view of a mobile house according to a second embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 12] A diagram showing the transportation of a multi-purpose structure. [Fig. 13] A diagram showing the transportation of a structure for evacuation and a mobile house according to a second embodiment of the present invention having only the structure for evacuation. [Figure 14] A perspective view of a structure for evacuation according to a third embodiment of the present invention. [Fig. 15] A perspective view of the structure for evacuation according to the third embodiment of the present invention seen from a direction different from Fig. 14. [Fig. 16] An exploded perspective view of the buoyancy material arranged on the inner wall surfaces of the front panel and the back panel of the evacuation structure. [Fig. 17] An exploded perspective view of the buoyancy material arranged inside the evacuation structure. [Figure 18] An exploded perspective view of the buoyancy material arranged on the outermost surface of the evacuation space of the evacuation structure. [FIG. 19] A perspective view of a part of a structure that connects a structure for evacuation and a multi-purpose structure according to a third embodiment of the present invention. [Fig. 20] A perspective view of a connecting portion that connects/disconnects two frames. [Fig. 21] A perspective view showing an enlarged display of the connecting portion. [Fig. 22] A cross-sectional view of the connecting portion. [Figure 23] A perspective view of the bolt insertion portion of the flange is omitted. [Fig. 24] A perspective view of the embedded nut portion of the flange is omitted. [Figure 25] A diagram showing an installation example in which a structure for evacuation is provided on a foundation structure (foundation frame). [Fig. 26] A diagram showing an installation example in which a structure for evacuation is provided on a floor above a frame. [Figure 27] A diagram showing a residence facility including a structure for evacuation.

100‧‧‧multi-purpose structure

120‧‧‧Floor

130‧‧‧Top board, partition wall

140‧‧‧Side panel

150‧‧‧multi-purpose space

160‧‧‧ladder

200‧‧‧Evacuation structure

220‧‧‧Floor

230‧‧‧Partition wall

230‧‧‧Top plate

240‧‧‧Side panel

250‧‧‧Space for refuge

260‧‧‧ First hatch

270‧‧‧ 2nd hatch

280‧‧‧buoyancy material

280A‧‧‧buoyancy material

280B‧‧‧buoyancy material

Claims (11)

A structure for refuge with: The frame body includes: a metal skeleton structure and an outer wall covering the outer surface of the skeleton structure; and The buoyancy material is arranged inside the aforementioned frame, and the specific gravity is smaller than water; The space in the frame except the buoyancy material is a space for evacuation, and the frame is a hatch cover provided on the outer wall to open and close a hatch communicating with the evacuation space, The weight obtained by multiplying the density of the water by the volume of the water excluded by the total immersion of the buoyancy material is greater than the total weight of the frame body and the buoyancy material. For example, the structure for evacuation according to item 1 of the patent scope, in which The buoyancy material is arranged so as to surround the evacuation space. For example, the structure for evacuation according to item 1 or 2 of the patent scope, in which The aforementioned frame is a rectangular parallelepiped, The hatch covers for opening and closing the hatch are arranged on each of the outer walls on at least four sides except for the outer walls on both sides at both ends of the longitudinal axis of the rectangular parallelepiped. For example, the structure for refuge in the third item of patent application, in which The hatches provided on one side of the outer wall of the at least four sides are closer to the outer wall of the two sides than the hatches provided on the outer walls of the outer wall different from the one side of the outer wall of the at least four sides, The hatches provided on the other side of the at least four-sided plates are closer to the two-sided plates than the respective hatches provided on the outer walls different from the other one of the at least four-sided outer walls. One-sided configuration. As for the structure for evacuation according to any one of items 1 to 4 of the patent application scope, where, Including a connecting portion that connects the frame and the external structure, The connection of the connection part can be released and can be operated from the space for evacuation. A structure characterized by: Multi-purpose structures that divide multi-purpose spaces, and The evacuation structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in which the buoyancy material is placed inside the frame body mounted on the upper surface of the multi-purpose structure, The weight obtained by multiplying the density of water by the volume of the water excluded from the total immersion of the buoyancy material is greater than the total weight of the multi-purpose structure and the refuge structure. The structure as claimed in item 6 of the patent scope further includes: A first hatch through the top wall of the multi-purpose structure and the bottom wall of the evacuation structure, and A first hatch cover provided in the evacuation structure to open and close the first hatch, and A step supported by the bottom wall and capable of moving up and down between the multi-purpose structure and the evacuation structure. For the structure of claim 7 of the patent application scope, in which The refuge structure includes a frame portion provided around the first hatch and standing up from the ground, The first hatch cover is a sealing portion that is supported by the frame portion to be openable and closable and seals the top surface of the frame portion. For the structure of claim 8 of the patent application, where, The step is foldable or telescopic, and the step can be accommodated in the space defined by the first hatch and the space surrounded by the frame. A mobile house is characterized by: Vehicles, and The evacuation structure according to any one of items 1 to 5 of the patent application range that can be detachably mounted on the vehicle. A mobile house is characterized by: Vehicles, and The structure according to any one of items 6 to 9 of the patent application range that can be detachably mounted on the aforementioned vehicle.

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