TW201843932A - 零死區時間控制電路 - Google Patents

零死區時間控制電路 Download PDF

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TW201843932A
TW201843932A TW107114139A TW107114139A TW201843932A TW 201843932 A TW201843932 A TW 201843932A TW 107114139 A TW107114139 A TW 107114139A TW 107114139 A TW107114139 A TW 107114139A TW 201843932 A TW201843932 A TW 201843932A
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switch
reference voltage
dead time
side switch
time
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TW107114139A
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大衛 格米
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美商微晶片科技股份有限公司
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H02M1/088—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
    • G05F1/12—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac
    • G05F1/24—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac using bucking or boosting transformers as final control devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/38—Means for preventing simultaneous conduction of switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/157—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators with digital control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1588—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load comprising at least one synchronous rectifier element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/08—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage
    • H03K17/082—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage by feedback from the output to the control circuit
    • H03K17/0822—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage by feedback from the output to the control circuit in field-effect transistor switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/16—Modifications for eliminating interference voltages or currents
    • H03K17/161—Modifications for eliminating interference voltages or currents in field-effect transistor switches
    • H03K17/165—Modifications for eliminating interference voltages or currents in field-effect transistor switches by feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit
    • H03K17/166—Soft switching
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
    • H03K17/56—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
    • H03K17/567—Circuits characterised by the use of more than one type of semiconductor device, e.g. BIMOS, composite devices such as IGBT
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K5/00—Manipulating of pulses not covered by one of the other main groups of this subclass
    • H03K5/22—Circuits having more than one input and one output for comparing pulses or pulse trains with each other according to input signal characteristics, e.g. slope, integral
    • H03K5/24—Circuits having more than one input and one output for comparing pulses or pulse trains with each other according to input signal characteristics, e.g. slope, integral the characteristic being amplitude
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0025—Arrangements for modifying reference values, feedback values or error values in the control loop of a converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/38—Means for preventing simultaneous conduction of switches
    • H02M1/385—Means for preventing simultaneous conduction of switches with means for correcting output voltage deviations introduced by the dead time
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K2217/00—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
    • H03K2217/0063—High side switches, i.e. the higher potential [DC] or life wire [AC] being directly connected to the switch and not via the load
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K2217/00—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
    • H03K2217/0072—Low side switches, i.e. the lower potential [DC] or neutral wire [AC] being directly connected to the switch and not via the load
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

本發明提供一種用於控制具有一高壓側開關及一低壓側開關之一功率轉換器之電路及方法。該電路可包括一比較器，該比較器經組態以在一第一輸入端處接收一參考電壓且在一第二輸出端處接收一斜坡電壓且基於該參考電壓與該斜坡電壓之一比較而輸出一延遲信號。該延遲信號可經組態以接通該高壓側開關及該低壓側開關中之一或多者。該電路可基於一死區時間而增大或減小該參考電壓，該死區時間等於該高壓側開關及該低壓側開關被關斷時之一時間量。該電路可包括：一第一開關，其在一死區時間超過一第一臨限值的情況下受控制以降低該參考電壓；及一第二開關，其在該死區時間延遲信號低於一第二臨限值的情況下受控制以升高該參考電壓。

Description

零死區時間控制電路
本發明大體上係關於一種用於切換功率轉換器中之零死區時間控制器。 相關申請案之交叉參考
本申請案主張2017年5月3日申請之美國臨時專利申請案第62/500,744號之權益，該專利申請案之全文係以引用方式併入本文中。
在諸如圖1中所展示之同步降壓式轉換器之切換功率轉換器中，擔憂高壓側開關Q1與低壓側開關Q2可能同時接通，此將導致瞬時大量電流會流經開關Q1及Q2兩者。圖2說明此情境，其中箭頭指示大電流「I」流經高壓側開關Q1及低壓側開關Q2。自電壓供應件VIN 流動至接地端之此大瞬時電流可導致功率及效率損耗，且可能會毀壞裝置。
為了防止此瞬時電流流動或「擊穿」，可使用預先程式化之延遲以產生「死區時間（dead time）」，在此期間兩個開關被關斷。替代地，可使用自適應性定時電路，其中驗證出，高壓側開關Q1在低壓側開關Q2可接通之前被關斷，且反之亦然。圖3展示確保開關Q1及Q2不會同時接通之自適應性閘極驅動的實例。
儘管使用延遲可有助於防止擊穿電流，但其亦產生死區時間，在此期間高壓側開關Q1及低壓側開關Q2兩者被關斷。參看圖1，若電感器L1已傳導電流，則在死區時間期間，電感器L1必須亦繼續傳導電流。但因為開關Q1及Q2兩者在死區時間期間被關斷，所以唯一的導電路徑通過二極體。因為橫越二極體之電壓降大於橫越開關之電壓降，所以穿過二極體之電流造成低效率及損耗。舉例而言，存在功率損耗，以及隨著二極體之反向恢復之電荷損耗。隨著轉換器朝向較快速切換速度前進，死區時間在可用性及效率方面為相當大的問題。因此，需要藉以防止擊穿電流，但限制或避免死區時間的解決方案。
圖4展示展示高壓側開關信號及低壓側開關信號的若干波形圖解。波形(a)展示高壓側開關信號HS、波形(b)展示低壓側開關信號LS，且波形(c)展示疊置之高壓側開關信號HS與低壓側開關信號LS。參看波形(c)，高壓側開關信號與低壓側開關信號交替地接通及關斷，其中在「接通」狀態之間的間隙表示開關皆不被接通之死區時間DT。
根據一或多個例示性具體實例之一態樣，提供實質上產生其中死區時間DT幾乎為零的波形(d)之控制電路。根據一或多個例示性具體實例，為了達成接近零死區時間，存在產生負死區時間之空間，此可造成導致擊穿電流之重疊之「接通」狀態。然而，設計貫穿回饋以防止此重疊發生，但為了產生零死區時間而可達成負時間潛在值。根據一例示性具體實例，可設定小相位延遲，亦即重疊，且接著可將較大死區時間量相加以抵消此重疊。此死區時間隨後遞減直至淨結果為幾乎零死區時間。隨著死區時間接近為零，遞減值共同地基於系統之回饋而漸近減小至一值。
現在將詳細地參考以下例示性具體實例，其在隨附圖式中加以說明，其中相似參考編號貫穿全文係指相似元件。例示性具體實例可以各種形式體現而不限於本文中所闡述之例示性具體實例。為了清楚起見，省略熟知部分之描述。
圖5說明用於減小低壓側開關信號與高壓側開關信號之間的死區時間的本發明之例示性具體實例。根據例示性具體實例，將動態或改變之參考電壓Vref 輸入至比較器50之負輸入端，且將斜坡信號Vramp 輸入至比較器50之正端子。
斜坡信號可具有固定週期。比較器基於Vramp 信號達到參考電壓Vref 之持續時間而輸出延遲信號，此會導致死區時間增加。更特定言之，可使用直接與接通信號進行「及運算（AND）」時之輸出延遲信號以控制一或多個高壓側開關及低壓側開關之閘信號之延遲量，此影響高壓側開關與低壓側開關之「接通」狀態之間的死區時間之量。根據一例示性具體實例，可向圖5中所展示之電路中的一者提供低壓側開關及高壓側開關中之每一者。此動態改變之參考電壓Vref 可經設定為處於高起動值，以便最初將預設死區時間設定為處於大的值。此確保高壓側開關與低壓側開關在起動時不會同時接通。
接著量測死區時間，且基於經量測死區時間來控制開關S2。舉例而言，可藉由量測高壓側開關與低壓側開關之閘極電壓，及高壓側開關與低壓側開關之間的切換節點之電壓來量測死區時間。若經量測死區時間超過設定臨限值，則閉合開關S2，此造成與死區時間相同持續時間的脈衝式遞減電流以將電荷拉離Vref 電容器（圖中未示），因此降低參考電壓Vref 。舉例而言，當開關S2閉合時，第一基於時間之電流源51可使所參考電壓Vref 遞減。開關S2可受到輸入信號52控制，該輸入信號52基於經量測死區時間及第一基於時間之電流源51使參考電壓Vref 遞減之速率而閉合開關S2歷時一時間段。
接著將較低參考電壓輸入至比較器50，該比較器輸出對應於減小之參考電壓Vref 的減小之延遲。隨著每個後續死區時間，死區時間藉由降低參考電壓而得以緩慢減小。隨著死區時間減小，脈衝電流正遞減之時間量亦減小直至其達到接近零重疊之消失點或已達成接近零死區時間。如圖6中所展示，參考電壓Vref 以相對較大值開始，且緩慢遞減直至達到恆定參考電壓。更特定言之，在圖6之例示性具體實例中，參考電壓Vref 最初大致為3.3 V，但會減小直至其達到大致1.7 V之相對恆定參考電壓。然而，圖6中所展示的初始及恆定參考電壓及其變率僅僅係例示性的，且此等值可變化。該等值係藉由系統之回饋而判定。
為了防止負重疊，量測高壓側開關與低壓側開關之重疊，且使用該重疊來控制開關S3。舉例而言，可藉由量測高壓側開關與低壓側開關之閘極電壓，及高壓側開關與低壓側開關之間的切換節點之電壓來量測重疊。替代地，可量測死區時間且將其與臨限值相比以判定死區時間是否小於臨限值。若經量測重疊變得過大或死區時間變得過短，則開關S3閉合，此造成對Vref 電容器進行充電且升高參考電壓之脈衝式遞增電流，並且藉此增加延遲或死區時間。舉例而言，當開關S3閉合時，第二基於時間之電流源53可使參考電壓Vref 遞增。開關S3可受到輸入信號54控制，該輸入信號54基於經量測重疊及第二基於時間之電流源53使參考電壓Vref 遞增之速率而閉合開關S3歷時一時間段。藉由防止死區時間變得過低或為負，可防止可損害裝置之擊穿電流。
儘管本發明之發明概念已經相對於其例示性具體實例描述及說明，但其不限於本文中所揭示的例示性具體實例，且可在不背離本發明概念之範圍的情況下在其中進行修改。
50‧‧‧比較器
51‧‧‧第一基於時間之電流源
52‧‧‧輸入信號
53‧‧‧第二基於時間之電流源
54‧‧‧輸入信號
(a)‧‧‧波形
(b)‧‧‧波形
(c)‧‧‧波形
(d)‧‧‧波形
I‧‧‧電流
L1‧‧‧電感器
Q1‧‧‧高壓側開關
Q2‧‧‧低壓側開關
S2‧‧‧開關
S3‧‧‧開關
VIN‧‧‧電壓供應件
Vref‧‧‧動態或改變之參考電壓
圖1說明根據相關技術之同步降壓式轉換器。 圖2說明根據相關技術之同步降壓式轉換器，其中高壓側開關與低壓側開關兩者導電。 圖3說明根據相關技術之自適應性閘極驅動電路。 圖4說明根據相關技術且根據一或多個例示性具體實例的高壓側開關信號及低壓側開關信號之波形。 圖5說明根據一例示性具體實例之電路。 圖6說明根據圖5之電路之參考電壓的波形。

Claims (17)

  1. 一種用於控制具有一高壓側開關及一低壓側開關之一功率轉換器之電路，該電路包含： 一比較器，其經組態以在一第一輸入端處接收一參考電壓且在一第二輸出端處接收一斜坡電壓，且基於該參考電壓與該斜坡電壓之一比較而輸出一延遲信號，該延遲信號經組態以接通該高壓側開關及該低壓側開關中之一或多者；及 一第一開關，其在一死區時間超過一第一臨限值的情況下受控制以降低該參考電壓；及 一第二開關，其在該死區時間延遲信號低於一第二臨限值的情況下受控制以升高該參考電壓； 其中該死區時間等於該高壓側開關及該低壓側開關被關斷時之一時間量。
  2. 如請求項1所述之電路，其進一步包含一第一基於時間之電流源，該第一基於時間之電流源經組態以經由該第一開關耦合至該比較器之該第一輸入端。
  3. 如請求項2所述之電路，其中該第一開關經組態以在判定出該死區時間超過該第一臨限值後即閉合，藉此藉由將該第一基於時間之電流源耦合至該比較器之該第一輸入端而減小該參考電壓。
  4. 如請求項3所述之電路，其中該第一開關受到一第一輸入信號控制，該第一輸入信號基於該死區時間而閉合該第一開關。
  5. 如請求項4所述之電路，其中該第一輸入信號基於該第一基於時間之電流源使該參考電壓遞減之一速率而閉合該第一開關。
  6. 如請求項2所述之電路，其進一步包含一第二基於時間之電流源，該第二基於時間之電流源經組態以經由該第二開關耦合至該比較器之該第一輸入端； 其中該第二開關經組態以在判定出該死區時間小於一第二臨限值後即閉合，藉此藉由將該第二基於時間之電流耦合至該比較器之該第一輸入端而增大該參考電壓。
  7. 如請求項6所述之電路，其中該第二開關受到一第二輸入信號控制，該第二輸入信號基於該第二基於時間之電流源使該參考電壓遞增之一速率而閉合該第二開關。
  8. 一種裝置，其包含： 一功率轉換器，其包含一高壓側開關及一低壓側開關； 一比較器，其經組態以在一第一輸入端處接收一參考電壓且在一第二輸出端處接收一斜坡電壓，且基於該參考電壓與該斜坡電壓之一比較而輸出一延遲信號，該延遲信號經組態以接通該高壓側開關及該低壓側開關中之一或多者；及 一第一開關，其在一死區時間超過一第一臨限值的情況下受控制以降低該參考電壓；及 一第二開關，其在該死區時間延遲信號低於一第二臨限值的情況下受控制以升高該參考電壓； 其中該死區時間等於該高壓側開關及該低壓側開關被關斷時之一時間量。
  9. 如請求項8所述之裝置，其進一步包含一第一基於時間之電流源，該第一基於時間之電流源經組態以經由該第一開關耦合至該比較器之該第一輸入端。
  10. 如請求項9所述之裝置，其中該第一開關經組態以在判定出該死區時間超過該第一臨限值後即閉合，藉此藉由將該第一基於時間之電流源耦合至該比較器之該第一輸入端而減小該參考電壓。
  11. 如請求項10所述之裝置，其中該第一開關受到一第一輸入信號控制，該第一輸入信號基於該死區時間而閉合該第一開關。
  12. 如請求項11所述之裝置，其中該第一輸入信號基於該第一基於時間之電流源使該參考電壓遞減之一速率而閉合該第一開關。
  13. 如請求項9所述之裝置，其進一步包含一第二基於時間之電流源，該第二基於時間之電流源經組態以經由該第二開關耦合至該比較器之該第一輸入端； 其中該第二開關經組態以在判定出該死區時間小於一第二臨限值後即閉合，藉此藉由將該第二基於時間之電流耦合至該比較器之該第一輸入端而增大該參考電壓。
  14. 如請求項13所述之裝置，其中該第二開關受到一第二輸入信號控制，該第二輸入信號基於該第二基於時間之電流源使該參考電壓遞增之一速率而閉合該第二開關。
  15. 一種控制具有一高壓側開關及一低壓側開關之一功率轉換器之方法，該方法包含： 比較一參考電壓與一斜坡電壓； 基於該參考電壓與該斜坡電壓之該比較而輸出一延遲信號； 基於該延遲信號而接通該高壓側開關及該低壓側開關中之至少一者； 量測一死區時間，其中該死區時間等於該高壓側開關及該低壓側開關被關斷時之一時間量；及 基於該經量測死區時間而控制該參考電壓。
  16. 如請求項15所述之方法，其中該控制該參考電壓包含： 判定該經量測死區時間是否超過一第一臨限值；及 在判定出該經量測死區時間超過該第一臨限值後，即減小該參考電壓。
  17. 如請求項15所述之方法，其中該控制該參考電壓包含： 判定該經量測死區時間是否小於一第二臨限值；及 在判定出該經量測死區時間小於該第二臨限值後，即增大該參考電壓。
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