TW201821160A - 烴轉化催化劑 - Google Patents
烴轉化催化劑 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201821160A TW201821160A TW106143373A TW106143373A TW201821160A TW 201821160 A TW201821160 A TW 201821160A TW 106143373 A TW106143373 A TW 106143373A TW 106143373 A TW106143373 A TW 106143373A TW 201821160 A TW201821160 A TW 201821160A
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- Prior art keywords
- composition
- hydrocarbon conversion
- conversion catalyst
- catalyst according
- weight
- Prior art date
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- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 126
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical group [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- GSWGDDYIUCWADU-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Mg++].[Al+3] GSWGDDYIUCWADU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 mirror Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Al]=O.[O-][Al]=O XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001657 ferrierite group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 232Th Chemical compound [232Th] ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 20
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- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 4
- 229910003023 Mg-Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910003455 mixed metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 3
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007327 hydrogenolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005649 metathesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical class C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ULGYAEQHFNJYML-UHFFFAOYSA-N [AlH3].[Ca] Chemical compound [AlH3].[Ca] ULGYAEQHFNJYML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XIOUDVJTOYVRTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(1-adamantyl)-3-aminothiourea Chemical compound C1C(C2)CC3CC2CC1(NC(=S)NN)C3 XIOUDVJTOYVRTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GEIAQOFPUVMAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO Inorganic materials [Zr]=O GEIAQOFPUVMAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YEAHYVYHFLNYSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[Os+3].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[Os+3].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-] YEAHYVYHFLNYSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 238000004523 catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- LKRFCKCBYVZXTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dinitrooxyindiganyl nitrate Chemical compound [In+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O LKRFCKCBYVZXTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004687 hexahydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- GJKFIJKSBFYMQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);trinitrate;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[La+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O GJKFIJKSBFYMQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/24—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/28—Molybdenum
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/24—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/30—Tungsten
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/32—Manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/36—Rhenium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/62—Platinum group metals with gallium, indium, thallium, germanium, tin or lead
- B01J23/622—Platinum group metals with gallium, indium, thallium, germanium, tin or lead with germanium, tin or lead
- B01J23/626—Platinum group metals with gallium, indium, thallium, germanium, tin or lead with germanium, tin or lead with tin
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/63—Platinum group metals with rare earths or actinides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
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- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/64—Platinum group metals with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/656—Manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/6567—Rhenium
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- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/08—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y
- B01J29/16—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y containing arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J29/163—X-type faujasite
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/08—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y
- B01J29/16—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y containing arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J29/166—Y-type faujasite
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
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Abstract
本發明關於一種烴轉化催化劑,其包含第一組合物及第二組合物,該第一組合物包含承載於固體載體上之脫氫活性金屬,該第二組合物包含承載於無機載體上之過渡金屬及摻雜劑,其中該摻雜劑係選自鋅、鎵、銦、鑭、及其混合物。
Description
本發明關於一種烴轉化催化劑,其可用於將含有飽和烴化合物之烴進料轉化成烯烴產物的製程。
烯烴,尤其是包含乙烯及丙烯的輕烯烴,是重要的烴類產物。它們可用於製備廣泛種類的終端產物,包括環氧乙烷、環氧丙烷、乙苯、丙酮、酚、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、其他聚合物、以及其他石化產物。即使價格隨時間波動,其於產業中的需求仍持續增長。
因應產業需求,已使用多種方法生產烯烴。然而,通常由較低價值的進料(例如烷烴)製造烯烴較有經濟吸引力。將飽和烷烴轉化為烯烴的傳統方法為熱裂解,其為一種具高度能量消耗的方法,且難以調整及控制產物選擇率。
催化裂解是較晚研發的方法。使用適當的催化材料,一般而言為以沸石基礎的材料,烴類裂解可在較不劇烈的操作條件下發生。
現有技術中,亦已知藉由使用適當的催化劑進行脫氫反應,以將飽和烷烴轉化為烯烴的製程。脫氫反應後可接續適當的複分解步驟,以最終提供滿足工業上最高需求之烯烴分佈。
不同的副反應可能在脫氫反應與複分解時發生,例如乙烯、丙烯、或丁烯的(再)氫化反應,其中前述乙烯、丙烯、或丁烯係乙烷、丙烷、或丁烷之脫氫反應的較佳終產物。再者,氫氣存在的情況下,進料(例如丙烷)可能產生氫解及裂解。因此,氫氣的生成係為缺點,原因在於氫氣會使所獲得烯烴進一步反應。
因此,本發明的目的在於提供一種烴轉化催化劑,其中在烴轉化製程、特別是脫氫-複分解整合製程中利用烴轉化催化劑,氫的副反應可被減少或實質避免。
上述目的藉由一種烴轉化催化劑而達成,其中該烴轉化催化劑包含:一第一組合物,該第一組合物包含承載於固體載體上之脫氫活性金屬;以及一第二組合物,該第二組合物包含承載於無機載體上之過渡金屬及摻雜劑,其中該摻雜劑係選自鋅、鎵、銦、鑭、及其混合物。
在本發明的烴轉化催化劑中,所提供之第一組合物可不同於第二組合物。同樣地,包含於第一組合物中的固體載體可不同於包含於第二組合物中的無機載體。同樣地,包含於第一組合物中的脫氫活性金屬較佳係不同於包含於第二組合物中的過渡金屬。
所提供的第二組合物不包含脫氫活性金屬,尤其是第二組合物不包含鉑、鈀、銠、鉻、或其混合物。
在一進一步實施態樣中,第二組合物中之無機載體 包含SiO2、HY型沸石或其混合物,及第一組合物中之固體載體包含二氧化矽與二氧化鋯之混合物。
脫氫活性金屬係指有助於烴之脫氫反應的金屬。脫氫反應係氫原子從一分子中分離之反應。在一個實施態樣中,脫氫活性金屬係選自鉑、鈀、銥、鉻、及其混合物,較佳鉑。
在一個實施態樣中,固體載體係選自於氧化鋁、二氧化矽、二氧化鋯、二氧化鈦、氧化鎂、氧化鈣、及其混合物。
在另一實施態樣中,固體載體包含混合的鎂-鋁氧化物及/或鈣-鋁氧化物。
用於增強第一組合物之催化活性的另外的活性金屬(例如鉀、錫、鑭、銦、釔、鐿、錸、及其混合物)亦可存在於第一組合物中,較佳錫、銦、及其混合物。
在一個實施態樣中,基於第一組合物之總重,第一組合物含有0.01至25重量%之脫氫活性金屬,較佳0.05至20重量%,更佳0.1至5重量%。
在一實施態樣中之第一組合物中,鉑為脫氫活性金屬,Al2O3為固體載體,錫及/或鉀為另外的活性金屬。
在另一實施態樣中之第一組合物中,鉑為脫氫活性金屬,SiO2及ZrO2為固體載體,釔及/或鐿為另外的活性金屬。
在一進一步實施態樣中之第一組合物中,鉑為脫氫活性金屬,混合的鎂-鋁氧化物及/或混合的鈣-鋁氧化物為固體載體,銦及/或錫為另外的活性金屬。
在一個實施態樣中,混合的鎂-鋁氧化物及混合的鈣-鋁氧化物係衍自於鎂-鋁或鈣-鋁層狀雙氫氧化物,其可較佳藉由 使鎂-鋁或鈣-鋁層狀雙氫氧化物在600至700℃(較佳600至650℃)之溫度範圍下超過2小時(較佳3至10小時)而獲得。
較佳地,基於第一組合物之總重,第一組合物含有0.005至2重量%之另外的活性金屬。
較佳地,存在於第一組合物中之脫氫活性金屬、固體載體與另外的活性金屬之組合量為第一組合物之重量的至少90%,更佳至少95%。在一特定實施態樣中,第一組合物由脫氫活性金屬、固體載體及選擇性的另外的活性金屬所組成。
在一個實施態樣中,第二組合物的過渡金屬係選自鉬、鎢、錸、及其混合物。
過渡金屬較佳為鎢,更佳為氧化鎢的形態。
在一個實施態樣中,無機載體係選自氧化鋁、二氧化矽、二氧化鋯、二氧化鈦、沸石、及其混合物,較佳二氧化矽或者二氧化矽與沸石之混合物。
在一個實施態樣中,第二組合物包含承載於無機載體上之鎢及摻雜劑,該摻雜劑係選自鋅、鎵、銦、鑭、及其混合物,該無機載體包含二氧化矽與沸石之混合物。
較佳地,該沸石係選自ZSM-5、X型沸石、Y型沸石、β型沸石、MCM-22、鎂鹼沸石、及其混合物,較佳Y型沸石。
在另一實施態樣中,第二組合物更包含混合的金屬氧化物,更佳為混合的鎂-鋁氧化物或混合的鈣-鋁氧化物,其中混合的金屬氧化物較佳與過渡金屬及摻雜劑經物理混合並承載於無機載體上。
在一特別佳實施態樣中,第二組合物含有承載於無 機載體上之氧化鎢及摻雜劑,該摻雜劑係選自鋅、鎵、銦、鑭、及其混合物,該無機載體包含二氧化矽及Y型沸石與混合的鎂-鋁氧化物經物理混合之混合物。
甚至更佳地,混合的鎂-鋁氧化物係衍生自鎂-鋁層狀雙氫氧化物前驅物。
在一個實施態樣中,基於第二組合物之總重,第二組合物含有1至15重量%之過渡金屬,甚至較佳5至10重量%。
於第二組合物中,基於該第二組合物之總重,摻雜劑之量,在一個實施態樣中為0.1至10重量%,在另一個實施態樣中為1至5重量%。
較佳地,於第二組合物中過渡金屬、無機載體、混合的金屬氧化物及任意的摻雜劑之組合量為第二組合物之重量的至少90%,更佳至少95%。在一特定實施態樣中,第二組合物由過渡金屬、無機載體、混合的金屬氧化物、及摻雜劑所組成。
在一個實施態樣中,脫氫活性金屬為鉑,過渡金屬為鎢及摻雜劑為銦。
第一組合物較佳係藉由將脫氫活性金屬與選擇性的另外的活性金屬之所有元素前驅物承載於固體載體上接著進行適當的熱處理而製備。
同樣地,第二組合物較佳係藉由將過渡金屬與摻雜劑之所有元素前驅物承載於無機載體上接著進行適當的熱處理而製備。
元素前驅物為含有所欲元素之起始化合物,該等所欲元素可藉由適當的熱處理而在最終烴轉化催化劑中被轉化為所 欲形態之元素。例如,元素前驅物可包含元素之氧化物、鹵化物、烷氧化物、硝酸鹽、碳酸鹽、甲酸鹽、草酸鹽、胺、或氫氧化物。
更佳地,藉由將以溶液形態提供之脫氫活性金屬與選擇性的另外的活性金屬之元素前驅物浸漬、較佳同時浸漬(共浸漬)於固體載體上,接著進行煅燒來製備第一組合物。煅燒較佳係於氧化氣氛,在300至800℃之溫度範圍下進行1至24小時,甚至更佳於400至600℃進行2至10小時。
且更佳地,藉由將以溶液形態提供之過渡金屬與摻雜劑之元素前驅物浸漬、較佳依序地浸漬於無機載體上,接著進行煅燒來製備第二組合物。煅燒較佳係於氧化氣氛,在300至800℃之溫度範圍下進行1至24小時,更佳於400至600℃溫度範圍下進行2至10小時。
經上述製備方式製得之第一及第二組合物通常為粉末形態且具有小於800微米的平均尺寸。
在一個實施態樣中,該第一組合物及第二組合物係經物理混合以形成烴轉化催化劑,第一及第二組合物之重量比較佳從1:10至10:1,更佳1:5至5:1,甚至較佳1:3至3:1,甚至更佳1:2至2:1。
在一個實施態樣中,烴轉化催化劑可為粉末形態。在另一實施態樣中,烴轉化催化劑係可被成形為較適合於工業使用之形狀,例如粒狀、片狀、擠出物、或球狀。
第一及第二組合物之物理混合係可於烴轉化催化劑成形之前或之後進行。
在一個實施態樣中,第一組合物及第二組合物係分 別成形為所欲之形狀,之後將成形為所欲形狀之第一組合物與成形為所欲形狀之第二組合物經物理混合得到烴轉化催化劑。
在一更佳實施態樣中,將第一組合物的粉末與第二組合物的粉末經物理混合得到烴轉化催化劑,且該得到的烴轉化催化劑可被成形為任何所欲之形狀。
在將第一組合物、第二組合物、或烴轉化催化劑成形期間,可添加黏結劑以促使粉末成形為所欲之形狀。可使用在現有領域中任何已知黏結劑。
在另一實施態樣中,也可提供宏觀尺度層狀形態之第一及第二組合物,其中該第一組合物及第二組合物係分層地布置在固定床反應器中。
令人驚訝地發現到,當本發明的烴轉化催化劑使用於烴轉化製程時,能夠於催化劑的活性部位阻絕為副產物之氫,並將氫「踢離(kick away)」活性部位。此能有效的抑制氫化副反應及/或氫解副反應。
本發明的催化劑適合用於烴轉化製程。較佳地,該烴轉化製程包含將烴進料流與烴轉化催化劑接觸
為了製造烯烴產物,烴進料流較佳包含烷烴。在一個實施態樣中,烴進料流包含具有2至5個碳原子的烷烴。在另一實施態樣中,烴進料流包含之烷烴係選自乙烷、丙烷、丁烷、戊烷、及其混合物,較佳丙烷、丁烷、及其混合物,甚至更佳地,烴進料流為丙烷。
烴轉化製程可於廣泛範圍的操作條件下操作。而某些特定範圍的操作條件則可產生高的烯烴產物選擇率。在一實施 態樣中,該製程於200至800℃之溫度範圍下進行,較佳350至700℃,甚至更佳450至650℃。在另一實施態樣中,該製程係於0.01至10巴(表壓)的壓力下進行,較佳0.05至5巴(表壓)。得到所欲烯烴產物產率的所需接觸時間取決於數種因素,例如操作溫度、操作壓力、以及催化劑活性。在一個實施態樣中,該製程在重時空速(weight hourly space velocity,WHSV)為0.01至20小時-1進行,較佳0.05至5小時-1。該製程可以批次方式或連續方式進行。對於商業規模,該製程較佳係連續操作。連續操作可以固定床、流化床、或其他本領域已知技術進行,其中通常較佳為固定床。
在與烴進料流接觸前,烴轉化催化劑可選擇性地先進行預處理。預處理條件可包括將催化劑在高溫下(較佳250℃至850℃,更佳400℃至750℃,甚至更佳500℃至700℃)接觸惰性氣體、氧化氣體、還原氣體、及其混合物。在一個較佳實施態樣中,預處理條件包括將催化劑於400至600℃之溫度範圍下接觸還原劑(更佳氫氣)約0.5至8小時。
在操作條件下與烴進料流接觸後,某些毒性物質、重烴、和焦炭可能沉積在烴轉化催化劑表面上。這通常影響催化劑的活性,使其隨時間逐漸下降。可以對用過的烴轉化催化劑進行適當的再生以恢復至少一些活性。在一實施態樣中,烴轉化製程包含再生步驟,其中再生步驟包括將烴轉化催化劑在高溫下與氧化劑接觸。再生步驟應小心地控制,以避免過熱及破壞催化劑的結構。在一實施態樣中,藉由將用過的烴轉化催化劑與氧化劑(較佳氧氣或空氣)於溫度200至700℃(較佳300至600℃)下接觸進行再生步驟。可不受限制地使用其他已知的再生技術。
本發明之多樣的烴轉化催化劑係根據上述所揭露進行製備及測試。本發明人意外地發現相對於非本發明之催化劑系統,本發明的烴轉化催化劑之特徵在於能夠增加總烯烴選擇率並降低CH4產量
此外,令人驚訝地發現本發明的烴轉化催化劑可在較溫和的條件(即,在顯著低於本領域中進行烷烴轉化成烯烴製程之習知溫度)下操作。
實驗結果
在以下的實施例段落中,探討使用本發明的烴轉化催化劑與使用比較催化劑將丙烷轉化為烯烴(較佳乙烯、丙烯與丁烯)。
實施例1(比較例)
將氯鉑酸六水合物之溶液與三硝酸鐿之溶液共浸漬至二氧化矽-二氧化鋯混合物之粉末中,之後將得到的物質於100℃乾燥2小時,接著於空氣中在700℃下煅燒3小時以製得第一組合物,該第一組合物含有1重量%的Pt、0.15重量%的Yb及餘重的SiO2-ZrO2,其中,重量%係基於該第一組合物之總重。
用於第二組合物之載體係藉由混合SiO2及HY型沸石而製得。接著該SiO2-沸石載體用偏鎢酸銨水合物之溶液浸漬後於110℃乾燥3小時。所得物質然後與Mg-Al-CO3層狀雙氫氧化物混合,接著於空氣中在550℃煅燒2小時製得第二組合物,該第二組合物含有7重量%的W、4重量%的Y型沸石、9重量%的Mg-Al氧化 物、及餘重的SiO2,其中重量%係基於該第二組合物之總重。
第一組合物與第二組合物以重量比1:1物理混合以製得實施例1之催化劑。
實施例2
第一組合物係以實施例1描述之相同方式製備。
用於第二組合物之載體係藉由混合SiO2及HY型沸石而製得。接著該SiO2-沸石載體用偏鎢酸銨水合物之溶液浸漬後於110℃乾燥3小時。將已乾燥之混合物以硝酸鋅六水合物之溶液浸漬後再次於110℃下乾燥3小時。得到的物質與Mg-Al-CO3層狀雙氫氧化物混合,接著於空氣中在550℃煅燒2小時製得第二組合物,該第二組合物含有7重量%的W、4重量%的Zn、4重量%的Y型沸石、9重量%的Mg-Al氧化物、及餘重的SiO2,其中重量%係基於該第二組合物之總量。
第一組合物與第二組合物以重量比1:1物理混合以製得實施例2之催化劑。
實施例3
第一組合物係以實施例1描述之相同方式而製備。
用於第二組合物之載體係藉由混合SiO2及HY型沸石而製得。接著該SiO2-沸石載體用偏鎢酸銨水合物之溶液浸漬後於110℃乾燥3小時。將已乾燥之混合物以三硝酸銦之溶液浸漬後再次於110℃下乾燥3小時。該得到的物質與Mg-Al-CO3層狀雙氫氧化物混合,接著於空氣中在550℃煅燒2小時製得第二組合物,該第二組合物含有7重量%的W、2重量%的In、4重量%的Y型沸石、9重量%的Mg-Al氧化物、及餘重的SiO2,其中重量%係基於該第二 組合物之總重。
第一組合物與第二組合物以重量比1:1物理混合以製得實施例3之催化劑。
實施例4
第一組合物係以實施例1描述之相同方式而製備。
用於第二組合物之載體係藉由混合SiO2及HY型沸石而製得。接著該SiO2-沸石載體用偏鎢酸銨水合物之溶液浸漬後於110℃乾燥3小時。將已乾燥之混合物以硝酸鑭(III)六水合物之溶液浸漬後再次於110℃下乾燥3小時。該得到的物質與Mg-Al-CO3層狀雙氫氧化物混合,接著於空氣中在550℃煅燒2小時製得第二組合物,該第二組合物含有7重量%的W、2重量%的La、4重量%的Y型沸石、9重量%的Mg-Al氧化物、及餘重的SiO2,其中重量%係基於該第二組合物之總重。
第一組合物與第二組合物以重量比1:1物理混合以製得實施例4之催化劑。
如上述製備之各催化劑係裝於石英管微反應器,並先以氫氣於約600℃進行預處理半小時,之後於約500℃、0.05至0.1巴(表壓)之壓力、及約0.1至0.2小時-1之WHSV與丙烷接觸。量測在約60小時及100小時之時間所取得流份,結果顯示於下表1。
如上述表中可以看到,對於本發明的烴轉化催化劑,該總烯烴選擇率係明顯的增加而甲烷係減少。總烯烴選擇率的增加顯示得到的烯烴之(再)氫化反應係較低的。甲烷產量的減少則顯示氫解反應係被抑制。
前文敘述與申請專利範圍所揭露的特徵,不論是各自或是以任何組合,可作為以不同形式實現本發明的材料。
Claims (15)
- 一種烴轉化催化劑,包含:一第一組合物,該第一組合物包含承載於固體載體上之脫氫活性金屬;及一第二組合物,該第二組合物包含承載於無機載體上之過渡金屬及摻雜劑,其中該摻雜劑係選自鋅、鎵、銦、鑭、及其混合物。
- 如請求項1所述之烴轉化催化劑,其中該脫氫活性金屬係選自鉑、鈀、銥、鉻、及其混合物。
- 如請求項1或2所述之烴轉化催化劑,其中該固體載體係選自氧化鋁、二氧化矽、二氧化鋯、二氧化鈦、氧化鎂、氧化鈣、及其混合物。
- 如請求項1或2所述之烴轉化催化劑,其中該第一組合物更包含選自鉀、錫、鑭、銦、釔、鏡、錸、及其混合物之另外的活性金屬。
- 如請求項1或2所述之烴轉化催化劑,其中,基於該第一組合物之總重,該第一組合物含有0.01重量%至25重量%之該脫氫活性金屬。
- 如請求項1或2所述之烴轉化催化劑,其中,基於該第一組合物之總重,該第一組合物含有0.005重量%至2重量%之另外的活性金屬。
- 如請求項1或2所述之烴轉化催化劑,其中該過渡金屬係選自鉬、鎢、錸、及其混合物。
- 如請求項1所述之烴轉化催化劑,其中該無機載體係選自氧化 鋁、二氧化矽、二氧化鋯、二氧化鈦、沸石、及其混合物。
- 如請求項8所述之烴轉化催化劑,其中該無機載體係選自二氧化矽、或者二氧化矽與沸石之混合物。
- 如請求項8或9所述之烴轉化催化劑,其中該沸石係選自ZSM-5、X-沸石、Y-沸石、β-沸石、MCM-22、鎂鹼沸石、及其混合物。
- 如請求項1或2所述之烴轉化催化劑,其中該第二組合物更包含混合的鎂-鋁氧化物或混合的鈣-鋁氧化物。
- 如請求項1或2所述之烴轉化催化劑,其中,基於該第二組合物之總重,該第二組合物含有1重量%至15重量%之該過渡金屬。
- 如請求項1或2所述之烴轉化催化劑,其中,基於該第二組合物之總重,該第二組合物含有0.1重量%至10重量%之該摻雜劑。
- 如請求項1或2所述之烴轉化催化劑,其中該第一組合物及第二組合物係經物理混合。
- 如請求項1或2所述之烴轉化催化劑,其中該第一組合物及第二組合物之重量比係從1:10至10:1。
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KR20190087558A (ko) | 2019-07-24 |
PL3335793T3 (pl) | 2020-11-02 |
CN110072616A (zh) | 2019-07-30 |
WO2018108439A1 (en) | 2018-06-21 |
WO2018108439A8 (en) | 2019-05-16 |
US20200078767A1 (en) | 2020-03-12 |
EP3335793B1 (en) | 2020-03-18 |
US11318445B2 (en) | 2022-05-03 |
EP3335793A1 (en) | 2018-06-20 |
ES2797802T3 (es) | 2020-12-03 |
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