TW201807284A - 技術上的包裝材料 - Google Patents

技術上的包裝材料 Download PDF

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Publication number
TW201807284A
TW201807284A TW106127355A TW106127355A TW201807284A TW 201807284 A TW201807284 A TW 201807284A TW 106127355 A TW106127355 A TW 106127355A TW 106127355 A TW106127355 A TW 106127355A TW 201807284 A TW201807284 A TW 201807284A
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TW
Taiwan
Prior art keywords
layer
microfilament
fabric
composite
dtex
Prior art date
Application number
TW106127355A
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English (en)
Other versions
TWI716625B (zh
Inventor
羅伯特 格洛騰
Original Assignee
卡爾科德寶兩合公司
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Publication of TW201807284A publication Critical patent/TW201807284A/zh
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Publication of TWI716625B publication Critical patent/TWI716625B/zh

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/16—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic filaments produced in association with filament formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D04H1/492—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres by fluid jet
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/016—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the fineness
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    • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
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    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
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    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
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    • B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
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    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
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    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
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    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D65/00—Wrappers or flexible covers; Packaging materials of special type or form
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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    • D01D5/253—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a non-circular cross section; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
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Abstract

本發明涉及微絲面料的作為技術上的包裝材料的應用，所述微絲面料包括至少一個層A，所述層A包括如下纖維組分，所述纖維組分呈鋪設成非織造布並且借助流體射流加固的微絲的形式，所述微絲具有小於0.15分特的平均纖度，所述纖維組分呈以熔融的方式紡絲的並且鋪設成非織造布的微絲的形式，和/或所述纖維組分呈複合絲的形式，所述複合絲借助流體射流加固至少部分地分裂並且加固成平均纖度小於0.15分特的基礎絲。本發明還涉及一種包括這類微絲面料的微絲-複合面料，以及一種用於製造所述微絲-複合面料的方法。

Description

技術上的包裝材料
本發明涉及一種微絲面料作為技術上的包裝材料的應用。本發明還涉及一種包含微絲面料的技術上的包裝材料以及一種用於其製造的方法。
在具有敏感的表面，如塗漆的外面的物品中，存在下述危險：這些物品在運輸期間受損。因此，在汽車製造中表面敏感的構件必須從一個工作站運輸到下一工作站，這始終帶來受損的風險。
汽車保險杠的製造例如包括下述工作站：在第一工作站中製成金屬保險杠。在第二工作站中給該金屬保險杠設置塑膠表面。在一個或多個塗漆站中，複合件設置有彩色塗漆並且緊接著在另一工作站中重新上透明漆。在從一個工作站至下一工作站的每個交接中必須保證：不出現構件受損，因為否則的話需重新製造高品質的表面。在較大程度地受損時，不再能夠修復高品質的表面。相應地，構件因此整體上不再能夠繼續使用。由於這種損傷而產生的成本是巨大的。
為了減小受損的危險，已經嘗試在這些構件的表面上施加粘接薄膜，所述粘接薄膜隨後在構件安裝在所屬的車輛上之後被移除。然而，在複雜地設計的構件中，如果並非是完全不可行的話，粘接薄膜的這種安置以及再次移除是耗費的。此外，這種粘接薄膜恰好在很大程度上不 適用於具有高的自重的構件。也就是說，在這種較重的構件與障礙物相碰時，通常薄的粘接薄膜被穿透。
技術上的包裝材料提供更好的保護，所述技術上的包裝材料例如用於包套構件作為安裝保護和運輸保護從而應當降低在生產期間受污染或受損的危險。在此，包裝材料基本上需滿足兩個要求，即一方面保證進行充分的保護免受外部的機械負荷，而另一方面保證進行充分的保護免受各式各樣的污染顆粒，例如塵土，如果可能的話油或其他液體。
技術上的包裝材料用於極其不同的表面敏感的物品，如塗漆的車身部件、塗漆的傢俱(例如鋼琴漆)、油畫、鏡片、玻璃透鏡、鍍鉻的或另外上光漆的容器。
技術上的包裝材料常常包含粗纖維的織物。所述織物的缺點是：斷裂的纖維會導致塗漆缺陷(見下文)。織物大多基於棉-聚酯混合物，並且通常被染色以便簡化內容識別，以及大多是PVC覆層的。PVC覆層的優點是：這些PVC覆層可良好地清潔(高壓水射流)。當然，所述PVC覆層不允許最終蒸發掉溶漆劑，這會導致在保險杠上圓形的斑點，類似於玻璃飲器在木桌上的遺留物。然而，在棄用PVC覆層的情況下，不利的是：出自生產過程的污染物(例如出自保險杠製備的金屬碎屑)能夠留在織物中，這導致刮痕。尤其會因運輸紡織品的纖維斷裂而出現塗漆缺陷，這因此造成：橫截面大於10m大顆粒通過重新上漆鼓起到40m從而導致可見的缺陷。在塗漆的保險杠的上述過程中，回應速率平均為30%，所述回應速率在塗漆車間中必須修改。
其他已知的技術上的包裝件是基於聚烯烴的非織造布，所述非織 造布經由閃紡方法製造。這些非織造布受製造所決定具有如下纖維，所述纖維具有幾釐米長度，並且所述非織造布原則上滿足對於防刮痕和防污染的全部要求並且通過提高表面應力的處理(等離子體，電暈等)成為是可印刷的。然而，這些非織造布的缺點是，所述非織造布在持續使用中顯示出明顯的磨損，這限制其再次使用(大多是一次性用品)。此外，所述非織造布關於機械負荷能力和耐磨性受限制。最後，不利的是，除熱回收利用之外，聚烯烴是不能夠回收利用的。
同樣已知的是平均纖度為0.2分特至2分特的微絲-非織造布作為技術上的包裝件的應用。這些非織造布表現出對刮痕敏感的表面的保護，然而，在幾次使用迴圈之後，大多必須清除，因為所述非織造布是不足以抗起球和耐磨的(例如在插入和推出重的運輸貨物如車門時纖維斷裂)。
本發明基於下述目的：提供一種技術上的包裝材料，尤其用於安裝保護和運輸保護的技術上的包裝材料，所述技術上的包裝材料至少部分地消除上述缺點。特別地，包裝材料應當表現出充分地進行保護免受外部的機械應力並且同時表現出良好的持續使用特性，尤其高的耐磨性和抗起球性，使得所述包裝材料能夠以保護環境的方式並且以較少的再投資反復使用。
該目的通過包括至少一個層A的微絲面料作為技術上的包裝材料中的表面層的一種應用實現，所述層A a)包括以熔融的方式紡絲的、鋪設成非織造布的並且借助流體射流，尤其水射流加固的微絲，所述微絲具有小於0.15分特的平均纖度，優選小於0.1分特，更優選為0.03分特至0.06分特，和/或b)以熔融的方式紡絲的並且鋪設成非織造布的複合絲，所述複合絲借助流體射流，尤其水射流至少部分地分裂並且加固成基礎絲，所述基礎絲具有小於0.15分特的平均纖度，優選小於0.1分特，更優選為0.03分特至0.06分特。
根據本發明已經令人驚訝地發現：包含根據本發明所使用的、質地精良的微絲或基礎絲的微絲面料出色地適合作為技術上的包裝材料中的表面層並且在此表現出對表面應力，如起球和磨損的非常好的防護。在此，層A適宜地朝向待包裝的物品和/或接觸該待包裝的物品。
微絲面料能夠用作為技術上的包裝材料中的表面層，這就曾預測在微絲面料中所使用的質地精良的微絲或基礎絲會導致非常差的磨損特性而言是令人驚訝的。在此，將磨損理解為材料的剝蝕，由此被磨削的貨物在被磨削的位置上由於磨料粉被運走而越來越薄，直至形成孔。孔的形成意味著一種絕對測量從而能夠用於確定耐磨性(出自馬丁代爾方法，BS 5690的ISO 12947-2)。迄今為止一般經驗是，在所提供的材料中，耐磨性隨著纖維纖度下降。這也是顯而易見的，假設在厚的纖維上的磨損最初只是產生缺口，而在直徑較小的纖維中相同的缺口深度已經能夠導致纖維斷裂。
此外，已經令人驚訝地發現：微絲面料也因出色的起球特性而出眾。將起球理解為，在織物的表面中的回線從鄰接的表面因表面粗糙 度被鉤住並且纖維隨著時間從織物結構中抽出。這大多在形成線團的條件下發生，所述線團即所謂的起球小球。如果纖維由更結晶質的或脆性的材料(例如棉)構成，那麼起球線團能夠斷裂從而使得表面即使在最初的起球外觀之後也再次看起來完好無損。而通常用於製造微纖維非織造布的塑膠，例如聚酯起球小球和聚醯胺起球小球不斷裂，由此線團變大並且表面外觀變差。然而，根據本發明已令人驚訝地發現，(在保持單位面積重量和聚合物成分的情況下)通過降低纖維纖度能夠獲得改進的起球值。因此，顯示出：聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯/聚醯胺6(PET/PA6)，70/30，PIE16，0.2分特的絲的起球抗性是PET/PA6，70/30，PIE32，0.1分特的絲的起球抗性大約兩倍。
在不打算根據本發明確定機制的情況下推測微絲面料的出色的起球特性由如下原因引起：非常細的微絲或基礎絲由於其較小的抗彎剛度在借助流體射流加固法，尤其水刺法的分裂和加固步驟中能夠尤其良好地彼此交織，由此提高了在面料中的內部摩擦並且改進起球抗性。
根據本發明，將技術上的包裝材料理解為一種材料，所述材料用於部分地或完全地包套物品尤其用於對其進行保護，尤其用於其安裝和運輸保護，或用於更好地操作。在此，包裝材料應當基本上確保充分對物品進行保護免受外部的機械應力以及髒粒和/或液體。
在實際研究中已經發現：通過更大程度地壓縮微絲面料的方式能夠實現對起球特性和磨損特性的進一步改進。這能夠通過提高在加固步驟中引入到面中的能量來實現。
根據本發明，層A具有如下微絲，所述微絲具有小於0.15分特 的平均纖度，和/或所述層具有複合絲，所述複合絲至少部分地分裂成平均纖度小於0.15分特的基礎絲。後者同樣能夠視作一種微絲並且必然形成微絲面料。
將術語絲理解為根據本發明的纖維，所述纖維不同於人造纖維具有理論上不受限的長度。複合絲由至少兩種基礎絲構成並且能夠通過常用的分裂方法，如流體射流加固，分裂並且加固成基礎絲。根據本發明，層A的複合絲至少部分地裂開成基礎絲。在此，分裂度有利地為大於80%，更優選大於90%並且尤其大約100%。
在本發明的一個優選的實施方式中，層A的微絲和/或基礎絲相應占層A的總重量的份額為80重量%至100重量%，優選90重量%至100重量%，尤其大約100重量%。
在微絲-複合面料的情況下，層A的微絲和/或基礎絲占微絲-複合面料的總重量的份額優選為至少5重量%，例如5重量%至30重量%和/或5重量%至25重量%。
根據本發明，微絲面料包括至少一個層A作為表面層，其中在本發明的一個簡單的設計方案中，微絲面料僅僅由層A構成。然而，為了優化特特性能夠有利的是，將層A集成到多層的材料(複合面料)中。在這種情況下，當微絲-複合面料的至少一個外部的層由層A形成時，在持續使用特性(起球和磨損)方面是有利的。在此同樣有利的是，層A朝向待包裝的物品和/或接觸該待包裝的物品。
基本上可考慮的是：除微絲和/或基礎絲之外，層A還包含其他纖維，例如金屬蒸鍍的纖維。這些纖維對於良好的靜電放電直至導電能 力而言是有利的。然而，當如在上文中所闡述的那樣的層A中的微絲和/或基礎絲的份額為至少80重量%時，獲得尤其良好的使用特性。
複合絲用作為用於製造基礎絲的初始材料的優點是：通過改變包含在複合絲中的基礎絲的數量以簡單的方式調節由複合絲產生的基礎絲的纖度。在此，複合絲的纖度能夠保持恒定，這在工藝方面是有利的。應用複合絲的另一優點是：附加地通過改變複合絲的分裂度能夠以簡單的方式控制微絲-複合面料中較厚的長絲和較薄的長絲的比例。
實際研究已經表明：當層A的微絲和/或基礎絲的平均纖度為0.01分特至0.15分特，優選0.01分特至0.1分特，尤其0.03分特至0.06分特時，能夠獲得結合有良好的使用特性的具有尤其高的耐磨性的微絲面料。具有這種纖度的基礎絲例如能夠通過具有1分特至6.4分特，優選1.2分特至3.8分特的纖度的複合絲的分裂獲得。
在此，基礎絲的橫截面能夠構成為是扇形的、n邊形的或多葉形的。
優選的是如下微絲面料，在所述微絲面料中複合絲的橫截面具有柳丁片狀的或也稱為“餡餅(Pie)”的多區段結構，其中所述區段能夠包含不同的、交替的、不相容的聚合物。空心餡餅結構同樣是適合的，所述空心餡餅結構也能夠具有非對稱軸向伸展的空腔。餡餅結構、尤其空心餡餅結構能夠尤其容易地分裂。
在此，餡餅式設置有利地具有2個、4個、8個、16個、24個、32個、48個或64個區段，尤其優選16個、24個、32個或48個區段。
為了獲得可容易分裂性，有利的是，複合絲包含至少兩種熱塑 性聚合物。優選地，複合絲包括至少兩種不相容的聚合物。將不相容的聚合物理解為如下聚合物，所述聚合物在組合中產生不粘接的、僅有條件地粘接的或難於粘接的配對。這種複合絲具有裂開成基礎絲的良好的可裂開性並且引起強度與單位面積重量的適宜的比例。當具有這些配對的複合絲的分裂與在僅由所使用的聚合物中的一種構成的複合絲中相比更簡單地發生時，存在僅有條件地或難於粘接的配對。
作為不相容的聚合物對，優選聚烯烴、聚酯、聚醯胺和/或聚氨酯在如下組合中使用：產生不粘接的、僅有條件地粘接或難於粘接的配對。
所使用的聚合物對尤其優選選自如下聚合物對，所述聚合物對一方面具有至少一個第一聚烯烴，優選聚丙烯，和/或至少一個聚醯胺，優選聚醯胺6，而另一方面具有至少一個第二聚烯烴，優選聚丙烯，或至少一個聚酯，優選聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯。
尤其優選的是如下聚合物對，所述聚合物對具有聚丙烯，如聚丙烯/聚乙烯，聚丙烯/聚醯胺6，和/或聚丙烯/聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯。
同樣尤其優選的是如下聚合物對，所述聚合物對具有至少一種聚酯，優選聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯，和/或至少一種聚醯胺，優選聚醯胺6。
具有至少一個聚醯胺和/或至少一個聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯的聚合物對由於其有條件的粘接性而優選被使用，並且具有至少一個聚烯烴的聚合物對由於其難於粘接性而尤其優選被使用。
作為尤其優選的組分，一方面將聚酯，優選聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚乳酸和/或聚對苯二甲酸二丁酯，而另一方面將聚醯胺，優選聚 醯胺6、聚醯胺66、聚醯胺46，必要時與一個或多個其他與上述組分不相容的聚合物，優選選自聚烯烴的聚合物組合，證實是尤其適宜的。該組合具有出色的可裂開性。更尤其優選的是由聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯和聚醯胺6構成的組合或由聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯和聚醯胺66構成的組合。
用於由分裂的複合絲製造微絲層的可行性是本領域技術人員已知的並且例如在文獻EP 0814188 A1和EP 1619283 A1中描述。
同樣地，基本上可以考慮的是：層A已經經過表面處理和/或具有覆層，例如PVC覆層。然而，在本發明的一個優選的實施方式中，層A不具有覆層，尤其不具有PVC覆層。該實施方式的優點是：不阻礙氣體和蒸汽從已包裝的物品中的蒸發出來。
層A的單位面積重量能夠根據所使用的材料和包裝材料的所期望的特性來改變。通常，在5g/m2至150g/m2，優選10g/m2至100g/m2，更優選10g/m2至50g/m2的範圍中的單位面積重量證明是有利的。
層A的厚度同樣能夠根據所使用的材料和包裝材料的所期望的特性變化。通常，至少0.1mm，例如0.1mm至1mm，優選0.2mm至0.8mm並且尤其0.3mm至0.5mm的厚度證明是有利的。
根據本發明優選的是，微絲面料至少在朝向待包裝的物品的一側上具有根據DIN 53867測量的、評分最小為4，優選評分大於4.5的起球。
同樣優選地，微絲面料至少在朝向待包裝的物品的一側上具有根據EN 12947測量的、至少35000次數、優選大於40000次數的馬丁代爾耐磨性(9kPa)。
在本發明的一個尤其優選的實施方式中，微絲面料用作為安裝和/或運輸保護，尤其用於表面敏感的物品的安裝和/或運輸保護，所述表面敏感的物品諸如塗漆的車身部件、塗漆的傢俱、油畫、鏡片、玻璃透鏡、鍍鉻的或另外上光漆的容器。
在本發明的另一尤其優選的實施方式中，微絲面料用作用於後蒸發(nachdampfen)的運輸貨物的運輸保護，所述後蒸發的運輸貨物例如是塗漆的構件或食品如麵包或蔬菜。在此，通過根據本發明的構造方案能夠實現透氣性或其他的氣體或蒸汽交換以及同時實現防塵直至實現對花粉或其他過敏原的防護。
微絲面料能夠具有對於相應的應用目的而言極其不同的有利的設計方案。因此，微絲面料能夠用作為薄片材料，例如用於可堆疊的貨物的中間層。在一個優選的實施方式中，包裝材料構成為罩和/或袋。在此，罩和/或袋適宜地與待包裝的物品的形狀和尺寸相匹配。由此，包裝材料能夠尤其好地固定在物品上並且同時給予所述物品防刮痕的可堆疊性。
在本發明的一個尤其優選的實施方式中，罩和/或袋具有用於容納承載杆的掛繩和/或扣眼，這尤其有利於作為懸掛式的運輸保護來使用。
對於根據本發明作為包裝材料來應用而言，微絲面料能夠作為這種包裝材料來使用。然而，同樣可考慮的是：在層A的背離待包裝的材料的一側上還設置至少一個其他層，由此形成根據本發明使用的微絲複合面料。
在本發明的一個優選的實施方式中，除層A之外，微絲-複合面料包括至少一個層B，優選具有碰撞/衝擊-減震效果的層B。該實施方式的優點是：通過附加的減震層能夠尤其好地避免已包裝的材料受損。此外，層B能夠具有靜電放電效果，減振效果和/或高的強度。
在本發明的一個尤其優選的實施方式中，層B表現出如下強度：微絲-複合面料具有根據DIN EN 13934-1測量的、大於400N/5cm，例如400N/5cm至3000N/5cm，優選600N/5cm至3000N/5cm N/5cm並且尤其700N/5cm至3000N/5cm N/5cm的最大拉力。在此，有利的是：也能夠用包裝材料包裝和運輸較重的材料。
本領域技術人員能夠使用不同的可行性來組合層A與層B。層B例如能夠在連線過程中加工。在該實施方式中，層A例如能夠在紡織和拉伸之後直接鋪設到層B上。緊接著，層B能夠與層A共同經歷其他方法步驟。替選地，層A和層B在進行水刺和/或分裂前一刻才能夠聚集，並且共同經歷水刺和/或分裂。如果層B是優選可展開的織物，那麼這些實施方式是尤其適宜的，所述織物具有在100Pa下根據ISO 9237所測量的80L/m2s的透氣性並且優選在高的水刺壓力下不被損壞並且也不在水中溶解。同樣可考慮的是，層A與層B在流體射流加固步驟之後才組合。對此，能夠使用常用的複合技術，例如縫合、粘接、焊接。
除層A和層B之外，微絲-複合面料也能夠具有其他層，例如其他層A和/或其他層B和/或其他層(C)。因此，包裝材料例如能夠具有層序列ABA。
關於闡述根據本發明所使用的微絲面料和/或微絲複合面料的尤其優選的設計方案，並且尤其關於闡述層A和層B的尤其優選的設計方案，補充地參照在下文中關於根據本發明所要求保護的技術上的包裝材料所闡述的設計方案，以便避免重複。
本發明還涉及一種技術上的包裝材料，所述技術上的包裝材料包括微絲-複合面料，所述微絲-複合面料具有-至少一個表面層A，所述表面層Aa)包括以熔融的方式紡織的、鋪設成非織造布的並且借助流體射流，尤其水射流加固的微絲，所述微絲具有小於0.15分特，優選小於0.1分特，更優選0.03分特至0.06分特的平均纖度，和/或b)以熔融的方式紡織的並且鋪設成非織造布的複合絲，所述複合絲借助流體射流，尤其水射流至少部分地分裂並且加固成基礎絲，所述基礎絲具有小於0.15分特，優選小於0.1分特，更優選0.03分特至0.06分特的平均纖度，以及-至少一個層B，所述層B表現出如下強度：微絲-複合面料具有根據DIN EN 13934-1測量的、大於400N/5cm的最大拉力。
關於闡述微絲-複合面料的尤其優選的設計方案，並且尤其關於闡述層A和層B的尤其優選的設計方案，補充地參照在上文中關於根據本發明所要求保護的應用所描述的設計方案，以便避免重複。
根據本發明的技術上的包裝材料具有至少一個層B，所述層B表現出如下強度：微絲-複合面料具有根據DIN EN 13934-1測量的、大於400N/5cm的最大拉力。如在上文中所闡述的那樣，其優點是：也能 夠用包裝材料包裝並且運輸較重的材料。
在本發明的一個尤其優選的實施方式中，層B表現出如下強度：微絲-複合面料具有根據DIN EN 13934-1測量的、400N/5cm至3000N/5cm，優選600N/5cm至3000N/5cm並且尤其700N/5cm至3000N/5cm的最大拉力。
在實際研究中，已證實有利的是，層B包含下列產品中的一個或多個和/或由下列產品中的一個或多個構成：開孔的並且優選粘彈性的泡沫，穿孔薄膜，網狀的紡織面料，非織造布，編織物，機織物，針織物和/或間隔機織物。這些產品能夠由極其不同的材料構成，只要層B表現出如在上文中所描述的那樣的強度就可以。
根據本發明的微絲-複合面料的單位面積重量能夠根據專門的使用範圍來改變。將微絲-複合面料的單位面積重量設置為80g/m2至280g/m2，優選100g/m2至250g/m2，並且尤其100g/m2至250g/m2的值，對於許多情況證實是有利的。
除層A和層B之外，根據本發明的微絲-複合面料也能夠具有其他層，例如其他層A和/或其他層B和/或其他層(C)。因此，包裝材料例如能夠具有層序列ABA。在這種設計方案中，包裝材料的這兩個表面表現出在上文中關於層A所討論的有利的特性。由此，簡單的、節省材料的並且成本低的批量生產是可行的，所述批量生產仍確保待包裝的材料的最佳的保護。
作為其他層，例如可以考慮下述層C：導電的和/或彈性的和/或預浸漬的和/或能熱空氣收縮的、透氣的面料。
如在上文中所闡述的那樣，微絲-複合面料特徵在於出色的機械特性，如高度的耐久性和結合有對敏感表面的良好的保護的良好的耐磨性。
有利的是，微絲-複合面料的特徵此外在於可根據DIN EN ISO 155797簡單設置的撕破強力。
微絲-複合面料的厚度同樣能夠根據所使用的材料和技術上的包裝材料的所期望的特性改變。通常，在大於0.3mm，例如0.3mm至20mm，優選1mm至5mm，更優選2mm至4mm的範圍中的厚度證實是有利的。
根據本發明的技術上的包裝材料例如能夠如下製造：-提供至少一個層A，所述層A a)包括以熔融的方式紡織的、鋪設成非織造布的並且借助流體射流，尤其水射流加固的微絲，所述微絲具有小於0.15分特，優選小於0.1分特，更優選0.03分特至0.06分特的平均纖度，和/或b)以熔融的方式紡織的並且鋪設成非織造布的複合絲，所述複合絲借助流體射流，尤其水射流至少部分地分裂並且加固成基礎絲，所述基礎絲具有小於0.15分特，優選小於0.1分特，更優選0.03分特至0.06分特的平均纖度；-提供至少一個層B，所述層B表現出如下強度：所產生的微絲-複合面料具有根據DIN EN 13934-1測量的、大於700N/5cm的最大拉力；-層A和層B彼此重疊地設置，其中通過層A形成至少一個表面層；-層A和層B彼此連接，其中形成微絲-複合面料。
如下方法證實是尤其簡單的，其中(多個)層A和層B單獨地製造並且通過已知的接合方法，例如水刺和/或粘接彼此連接。
在下文中，根據多個非限制性的實例詳細闡述本發明：
實例1：根據本發明的可應用的微絲面料和對照面料的製造
在下文中示例性地描述借助雙組分-紡粘非織造布裝置由具有蛋糕狀橫截面(“餡餅(Pie)”)的雙組分絲製造非織造布。
將根據本發明可應用的、具有32根單絲(“PIE32”)的非織造布與相同的生產方式中的相同的、但是基於PIE16的非織造布進行對比，所述32根單絲具有240g/m2的單位面積重量。
擠出機：
PET，1-7段 270℃-295℃
PA6，1-7段 260℃-275℃
紡絲泵：
總處理量 每分鐘1.3g/L
聚合物比例 外部的、可分裂的層：PET/PA 6，71/29(體積%)中間的、110g/m 2 、不可分裂的層：PET/PA 6，>90/<10(體積%)
噴嘴：
噴嘴類型 參考組PIE16，根據本發明PIE32
拉伸 氣動，5000m/min至5500m/min
鋪設：
以預設的速度鋪設到鋪設帶上，所述鋪設產生240g/m2的單位面積重量。
加固：
通過以35針/cm2進行針刺並且緊接著借助鋼輥平整地壓延來進行預加固。對可分裂的絲的最終加固和分裂通過水刺來執行，在非織造布的上側A和下側B上在ABAB(AB)的順序中具有4至6個交替的行程。
乾燥：
非織造布借助于柱形的通風乾燥器在190℃下乾燥並且熱定型。
生產速度取決於力求達到的單位面積重量。
在相同的條件下製造兩個相同的非織造布，關於層A所述非織造布的區別僅在於使用PIE 16噴嘴還是使用PIE 32噴嘴。
實例2：對比在實例1中製造的微絲面料的不同的相關參數
借助于適合的測量方法，研究在實例1中製造的微絲面料的對於根據本發明作為包裝材料來應用而言不同的、重要的特性。除非另作說明，所述試驗基於在申請日有效的文本中的下述標準：
已經在下列表格中示出的參數中發現：
從所述表中顯示出：從PIE 16轉變為PIE 32時，也就是說，隨著纖維纖度的下降出現下述變化：
-抗分層性的顯著提高
-耐磨性的非常強的提高
-抗起球性的非常強的提高
這些特性變化表明：包含根據本發明的質地精良的微絲的微絲面料出色地適合作為技術上的包裝材料並且同時提供非常好的保護免受外部的機械應力以及表現出非常好的耐磨性。

Claims (14)

  1. 一種微絲面料作為技術上的包裝材料中的表面層的應用，所述微絲面料包括至少一個層A，所述層A c)包括以熔融的方式紡絲的、鋪設成非織造布的並且借助流體射流，尤其水射流加固的微絲，所述微絲具有小於0.15分特的平均纖度，和/或d)以熔融的方式紡絲的並且鋪設成非織造布的複合絲，所述複合絲借助流體射流，尤其水射流至少部分地分裂並且加固成基礎絲，所述基礎絲具有小於0.15分特的平均纖度。
  2. 根據權利要求1所述的應用，其特徵在於，所述層A的微絲和/或基礎絲占所述層A的總重量的份額為80重量%至100重量%。
  3. 根據權利要求1或2所述的應用，其特徵在於，所述層A在朝向待包裝的材料的一側上不具有覆層，尤其不具有PVC覆層。
  4. 根據上述權利要求中的一項或多項所述的應用，其特徵在於，所述層A具有0.1mm至1mm的厚度。
  5. 根據上述權利要求中的一項或多項所述的應用，其特徵在於，所述微絲面料具有根據DIN 53867所測量的起球，所述起球至少在朝向待包裝的所述材料的一側上對應於至少為4的評分。
  6. 根據上述權利要求中的一項或多項所述的應用，其特徵在於，所述微絲面料用作為安裝和/或運輸保護，尤其用於表面敏感的物品的安裝和/或運輸保護，所述表面敏感的物品如塗漆的車身部件、塗漆的傢俱、油畫、鏡片、玻璃透鏡、鍍鉻的或另外上光漆的容器，和/或所述微絲面料用作為用於後蒸發的運輸貨物的運輸保護。
  7. 根據上述權利要求中的一項或多項所述的應用，其特徵在於，使用以薄片材料、罩和/或袋的形式構成的所述微絲面料。
  8. 根據上述權利要求中的一項或多項所述的應用，其特徵在於，所述微絲面料構成為微絲-複合面料，所述微絲-複合面料在所述層A的背離待包裝的所述材料的一側上還具有至少一個其他層。
  9. 根據權利要求8所述的應用，其特徵在於，在所述微絲-複合面料中所述層A朝向待包裝的所述物品和/或接觸所述物品。
  10. 根據權利要求8或9所述的應用，其特徵在於，所述微絲-複合面料包含至少一個層B，所述層B表現出如下強度：所述微絲-複合面料具有根據DIN EN 13934-1所測量的、大於400N/5cm的最大拉力。
  11. 根據權利要求8至10中一項或多項所述的應用，其特徵在於，所述層A的微絲和/或基礎絲占所述微絲-複合面料的總重量的份額為至少5重量%。
  12. 一種技術上的包裝材料，所述技術上的包裝材料包括微絲-複合面料，所述微絲-複合面料具有-至少一個表面層A，所述表面層A c)包括以熔融的方式紡絲的、鋪設成非織造布的並且借助流體射流，尤其水射流加固的微絲，所述微絲具有小於0.15分特的平均纖度，和/或d)以熔融的方式紡絲的並且鋪設成非織造布的複合絲，所述複合絲借助流體射流，尤其水射流至少部分地分裂並且加固成基礎絲，所述基礎絲具有小於0.15分特的平均纖度，以及-至少一個層B，所述層B表現出如下強度：所述微絲-複合面料具有根據DIN EN 13934-1所測量的、大於400N/5cm的最大拉力。
  13. 根據權利要求12所述的技術上的包裝材料，其特徵在於，所述層A如在權利要求1至11中任一項中所描述的那樣構成。
  14. 一種根據權利要求12或13所述的微絲-複合面料的製造，所述製造包括下列步驟：-提供至少一個層A，所述層A c)包括以熔融的方式紡絲的、鋪設成非織造布的並且借助流體射流，尤其水射流加固的微絲，所述微絲具有小於0.15分特的平均纖度，和/或 d)以熔融的紡絲的並且鋪設成非織造布的複合絲，所述複合絲借助流體射流，尤其水射流至少部分地分裂並且加固成基礎絲，所述基礎絲具有小於0.15分特的平均纖度；-提供至少一個層B，所述層B表現出如下強度：所述微絲-複合面料具有根據DIN EN 13934-1所測量的、大於400N/5cm的最大拉力；-將所述層A和所述層B彼此重疊地設置，其中通過纖維層A形成至少一個表面層；-所述層A和所述層B彼此連接，其中形成微絲複合面料。
TW106127355A 2016-08-25 2017-08-11 微絲面料的製造方法，包括微絲-複合面料的包裝材料和微絲-複合面料的製造方法 TWI716625B (zh)

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