CN107780050A - 工程包装材料 - Google Patents

工程包装材料 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107780050A
CN107780050A CN201710651190.7A CN201710651190A CN107780050A CN 107780050 A CN107780050 A CN 107780050A CN 201710651190 A CN201710651190 A CN 201710651190A CN 107780050 A CN107780050 A CN 107780050A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
layer
microfilament
composite sheet
sheet
application
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201710651190.7A
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English (en)
Inventor
R·格罗滕
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Carl Freudenberg KG
Original Assignee
Carl Freudenberg KG
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Filing date
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Application filed by Carl Freudenberg KG filed Critical Carl Freudenberg KG
Publication of CN107780050A publication Critical patent/CN107780050A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D04H1/492—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres by fluid jet
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    • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
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Abstract

本发明涉及微丝片材作为工程包装材料的应用，所述微丝片材包含至少一个层A，所述层A包含以下形式的纤维成分：熔纺的、铺设成纤维网并且通过射流强化的微丝，所述微丝的平均线密度小于0.15dtex；和/或复合长丝，所述复合长丝通过射流强化而至少部分地分裂成基础长丝并被强化，所述基础长丝的平均线密度小于0.15dtex。本发明还涉及一种包含此类微丝片材的微丝复合片材及其制备方法。

Description

工程包装材料
技术领域
本发明涉及微丝片材作为工程包装材料的应用。本发明还有涉及含有微丝片材的工程包装材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
对于具有敏感表面(例如喷漆的外表面)的物品而言，存在在运输过程中受损的风险。在汽车制造中，表面易损零部件必须从一个工作站运输到下一个工作站，而这个过程总是存在损坏的风险。
例如，汽车保险杠的制造包括如下工作站：在第一个工作站制造金属保险杠。该金属保险杠在第二个工作站内设置塑料外表面。在一个或多个喷漆站中，复合材料被设置有色涂装，随后在下一个工作站再涂一层透明的漆。在每次从一个工作站到下一个工作站的过渡过程中，必须首先确保不会发生零部件损坏，否则得重新制造高价值的表面。对于较大程度的损坏，高价值表面将无法修复。相应地，零部件整体将无法再使用。因这种损坏产生的成本是巨大的。
为了降低损坏的风险，尝试在此类零部件表面附加贴膜，在将零部件装配到其所属的车辆上以后，贴膜被去除。对于构造复杂的零部件而言，附加这种贴膜和再去除是很昂贵的，即使其并非完全不可能。此外，对于自重大的零部件而言，这种贴膜在很大程度上是不合适的。这种较重的零部件与障碍物碰撞时，通常会将薄的贴膜撞穿。
工程包装材料提供更好的保护，该工程包装材料例如被用作装配保护和运输保护来包裹零部件，因而零部件在制造过程中被污染或损坏的风险也应降低。其中包装材料主要满足两个需求，即确保针对外部机械应力有充分的保护，以及确保针对各种污染粒子，例如尘土、可能存在的油，或其它液体，也有充分的保护。
工程包装材料适用于各种表面敏感的物品，如喷漆的车身部件、涂漆的家具(例如钢琴)、绘画、玻璃器皿、玻璃透镜、镀铬或其它高光处理(hochglanz-veredelte)的容器。
工程包装材料往往包含粗纤维织物。断裂的纤维可导致喷漆缺陷(参见下文)，这方面是不利的。这些织物主要基于棉-聚酯混合物，并且通常是染色的，以便于内容物识别，大多数有PVC涂层。PVC涂层的优点是容易清洗(高压水射流)。虽然它不允许油漆溶剂最后蒸发，但这会导致保险杠上有圆形斑点，就像玻璃杯在木头桌上留下的印子一样。放弃PVC涂层也是不利的，即生产过程中产生的杂质(如生产保险杠产生的金属切屑)会嵌入织物，这会产生划痕。并非不重要的是，运输织物的纤维断裂会导致喷漆缺陷，这由此会导致截面超过10微米的较大颗粒因喷漆而膨胀到40微米，因此产生可见的缺陷。在上述工艺中喷漆的、必须在喷涂车间返修的保险杠的返修率平均为30％。
其它熟知的工程包装还有基于聚烯烃材料的无纺织物，该无纺织物通过闪蒸纺丝(Flashspun)工艺制成。根据制造工艺，该无纺织物具有长度为几厘米的纤维，原则上满足刮擦保护和污染保护的所有要求，并且可以通过提高表面张力的处理(等离子、电晕等)打印。该无纺织物的缺点是，在持续使用过程中显示出持续的磨损，这限制了它的重复使用(大部分为一次性物品)。此外它们在机械负载能力和抗磨损方面也受限制。最后，聚烯烃的缺点在于，除了热循环以外无法进行再利用。
同样，已知将平均线密度在0.2dtex(分特克斯)到2dtex之间的微丝无纺织物用作工程包装。这类无纺织物显示出容易轻微划伤的表面，因为该材料不具备足够的抗起球性能和抗磨损性能(例如，在诸如车门的重型运输货物的送料和出料时出现的纤维断裂)，在循环使用几次之后就必须报废。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于提供一种工程包装材料，特别是用于装配保护和运输保护，所述工程包装材料至少在一定程度上克服了上文中提到的缺点。尤其是该包装材料提供足够的针对外部机械应力的保护，并同时显示出良好的持续使用性能，尤其是高度的抗磨损性能和抗起球性能，从而该包装材料能够以环保的和更少再投资的方式多次使用。
该项任务通过应用包含至少一个层A的微丝片材来实现，该层A作为工程包装材料的表面层，并且该层A包含：
(a)熔纺(schmelzgesponnene)的、铺设成纤维网且借助射流，尤其是水射流，强化的微丝，所述微丝的平均线密度小于0.15dtex，优选小于0.1dtex，更优选在0.03-0.06dtex之间；和/或
(b)熔纺且铺设成纤维网的复合长丝，利用射流，尤其是水射流，该复合长丝至少部分地分裂成基础长丝并被强化，所述基础长丝的平均线密度小于0.15dtex，优选小于0.1dtex，更优选在0.03-0.06dtex之间。
根据本发明，令人惊讶的是，根据本发明应用的、含有极细微丝或基础长丝的微丝片材很适合作为工程包装材料的表面层，其中针对表面应力，如起球(pilling)和磨损，显示出非常良好的保护。其中根据使用目的，层A朝向待包装的物品和/或接触该物品。
由于一般预计微丝片材中所采用的极细微丝或基础长丝会导致抗磨损性能很差，因此微丝片材可用作工程包装材料的表面覆盖层是令人惊讶的。在本申请中，磨损应理解为材料的剥蚀，由此使磨平的物品在磨平位置通过磨粒的脱落而变得越来越薄，直到形成孔。形成孔意味着绝对的度量，并可以用来表明抗磨损性(ISO 12947-2标准源于马丁代尔(Martindale)法，BS 5690)。迄今为止一般的经验是，对于对给定的材料，抗磨损性能随着纤维线密度的下降而下降。显而易见的是，如果想象粗纤维上的磨损最初产生缺口，而对于直径较小的纤维，该缺口深度已经会导致纤维断裂。
此外还意外地发现，微丝片材还具有出色的起球性能。起球可以理解为片材表面中的线环被相邻的表面因表面粗糙度而勾起，并且随着时间的推移，纤维被从片层结构中拽出。这通常伴随线团的形成而出现，也叫做起球珠(Pilling-Kügelchen)。若纤维由结晶态的或脆性材料(如棉花)组成，则起球珠会断裂，由此外表面在开始形成起球之后又看起来是新的。通常制造微丝无纺织物所采用的合成材料，例如聚酯起球珠和聚酰胺起球珠，却不会折断，因此球珠变大并且表面的外观变差。然而，根据本发明惊奇地发现，通过减小纤维线密度(同时维持单位面积重量和聚合物成分)可以获得更好的起球值。聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯/聚酰胺-6(PET/PA6)70/30,PIE16,0.2dtex的长丝的抗起球性能大约是PET/PA6,70/30,PIE32,0.1dtex的两倍。
无意使本发明受限于某种作用原理，猜测微丝片材的良好起球性能由于非常细的微丝和基础长丝，在利用射流强化，尤其是水射流强化，进行的分裂步骤和强化步骤中，微丝和基础长丝因其很小的弯曲强度而能够良好地互相交织，从而增加了片材中的内部摩擦和改善抗起球性。
根据本发明中，工程包装材料应理解为，为了部分或完全覆盖物品，特别为了对其进行保护，特别是为其提供装配保护和运输保护，或为了更好地操控，而采用的材料。其中包装材料应为物品提供对抗外部机械应力以及对抗污物颗粒和/或液体提供足够的保护。
在实际测试中发现，通过高度压缩微丝片材，可以进一步改善起球性能和磨损性能。这可以通过在强化步骤中提高引入表面的能量来实现。
根据本发明，层A包括微丝和/或复合长丝，该微丝的平均线密度小于0.15dtex，所述复合长丝至少部分地分裂成平均线密度小于0.15dtex的基础长丝。后者也可以看作是一种微丝，用其可以形成微丝片材。
根据本发明，术语长丝指的是以下纤维：与短纤维相比，长丝在理论上可以无限长。复合长丝由至少两种基础长丝构成，并且可以通过常见的分裂方法，如射流强化，而分裂成基础长丝并被强化。本发明中，层A的复合长丝至少部分地分裂为基础长丝。其中分裂程度超过80％是有利的，更好的是超过90％，尤其是大约为100％。
在本发明的一个优选方案中，基于层A的总重量，层A的微丝和/或基础长丝所占比例在80wt.％(重量百分比)到100wt.％之间，更好的为90wt.％-100wt.％，尤其是大约100wt.％。
对于微丝复合片材，基于微丝复合片材的总重量，层A的微丝和/或基础长丝的比例至少为5wt.％，例如在5wt.％-30wt.％之间，和/或5wt.％-25wt.％之间。
本发明所述的微丝片材含有至少一个层A作为表面层，其中在本发明的一个简单的构造中，微丝片材只由层A构成。为了优化性能，有益的是，将层A集成到成多层材料(复合片材)中。在这种情况下，考虑到耐久性(起球、磨损)有益的是，至少微丝复合片材的外层由层A构成。同样有利的是，层A可以朝向待包装的物品和/或与该物品接触。
原则上可以考虑，除了微丝和/或基础长丝，层A还含有其它纤维，例如金属化纤维(metallbedampfte Fasern)。这种纤维因其良好的静电引导性，乃至可具有导电性而是有益的。如上所述，当层A内的微丝和/或基础长丝所占的比例超过80wt.％时，具有特别良好的使用性能。
使用复合长丝作为原材料来生产基础长丝是有优势的，由复合长丝制造的基础长丝的线密度可以简单地通过改变复合长丝中所含的基础长丝数量来调整。其中复合长丝的线密度可以保持恒定，这从加工技术角度来看是有优势的。使用复合长丝的其他优点是：能够以简单的方式改变复合长丝的分裂程度，从而控制微丝复合片材中粗、细长丝的比例。
实际测试表明，当层A的微丝和/或基础长丝的平均线密度在0.01-0.16dtex之间，优选在0.01-0.1dtex之间，特别是在0.03-0.06dtex之间时，微丝片材具有特别高的抗磨损稳定性与很好的使用性能。具有这种线密度的基础长丝可以通过分裂线密度在1-6.4dtex之间的复合长丝获得，复合长丝的线密度最好在1.2-3.8dtex之间。
其中基础长丝的横截面可以构造成圆弧形、多边形或多叶形。
微丝片材中含有的复合长丝优选具有桔瓣型或称为“饼”的多分段结构的横截面，其中不同的分段可以包含不同的、互相交替的、不兼容的聚合物。同样合适的还有中空饼状结构，其也可具有非轴对称的中空腔。饼状结构，尤其是中空饼状结构，很容易分裂。
其中有利的是，饼状结构具有2、4、8、16、24、32、48或64个分段，优选16、24、32或48个分段。
为了容易地实现分裂，有益的是，复合长丝包含至少两种热塑性聚合物。优选复合长丝包含至少两种不相容的聚合物。不相容的聚合物可以理解为以下聚合物：所述聚合物组合时，它们无法形成配对、仅形成有条件地或很难粘合的配对。这种复合长丝中具有良好的基础长丝分裂性，导致强度和单位面积重量的有益关系。与仅由所选聚合物中的一种聚合物组成的复合长丝相比，具有仅有条件地或很难粘合的配对的复合长丝更容易分裂时，则存在仅有条件地或很难粘合的配对。
作为不相容的聚合物对，优选用聚烯烃，聚酯，聚酰胺和/或聚氨酯以下列方式组合使用：无法配对，仅有条件地或很难粘合的配对。
所使用的聚合物对特别优选从以下聚合物对中选择：所述聚合物对一方面至少具有第一聚烯烃，最好是聚丙烯；和/或至少一种聚酰胺，最好是聚酰胺6；另一方面至少具有第二聚烯烃，最好是聚丙烯，或者至少一种聚酯，优选聚对苯二甲酸乙酯。
特别优选的是含聚丙烯的聚合物对，如聚丙烯/聚乙烯，聚丙烯/聚酰胺6，和/或聚丙烯/聚对苯二甲酸乙酯。
同样特别优选的是含有至少一种聚酯的聚合物对，优选聚对苯二甲酸乙酯和/或至少一种聚酰胺，优选聚酰胺6。
具有至少一种聚酰胺和/或至少一种聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(Polyethylenterephthalat)的聚合物对因其有限的粘合性而是优选的；具有至少一种聚烯烃的聚合物对由于其强烈的粘合性而特别优选。
作为优选的组分有：一方面为聚酯，优选为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯，聚乳酸和/或聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(Polybutylenterephthalat)；另一方面为聚酰胺，优选聚酰胺6，聚酰胺66，聚酰胺46，可能的话结合一种或多种与上面提到的组分不相容的其他聚合物成分，其中优选选自聚烯烃，证明是特别实用的。该组合具有良好的分裂能力。最好优选聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和聚酰胺6的组合，或者聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和聚酰胺66的组合。
用分裂的复合长丝生产微丝的可能性对于本领域技术人员而言是公知的，例如文献EP0814188A1和EP1619283A1中所描述的。
同样原则上可以考虑，对层A进行表面处理和/或层A具有涂层，例如PVC涂层。在本发明的优选实施方案中，层A确不具有涂层，尤其是没有PVC涂层。这种实施方案的好处是，不会妨碍来自被包装物品的气体、蒸汽蒸发。
层A的单位面积重量可以随所使用的材料和期望的包装材料的性能变化而变化。通常证明有益的单位面积重量在5g/m2至150g/m2范围内，优选为10g/m2至100g/m2，更优选为10g/m2至50g/m2。
层A的厚度也可随所使用的材料和所期待的包装材料的性能变化而变化。通常证明有益的厚度至少为0.1mm，例如0.1mm-1mm，优选0.2mm-0.8mm，特别是0.3mm-0.5mm。
根据本发明，根据DIN53867标准，微丝片材至少在朝向在将被包装的物品的一侧具有至少4级(Note)的起球，优选大于4.5级。
同样的，根据EN12947标准测量，微丝片材在朝向待包装物品的那一侧具有至少35,000转的磨损马丁代尔(9kPa)，最好超过40,000转。
在本发明的一个特别优选的实施方案中，微丝片材特别适用于装配保护和运输保护，尤其是用于表面敏感的物品，如涂漆的车身部件，涂漆的家具，绘画，玻璃，玻璃镜片，镀铬或其它高光处理的容器。
在本发明的另一个特别优选的实施方案中，微丝片材用作为后续蒸发的(nachdampfend)运输物品提供运输保护，例如涂漆的零件或诸如面包蔬菜等的食物。这里可以通过本发明的结构来实现透气性或者其它气体、蒸汽的交换，以及同时实现防尘直至针对花粉或其他过敏源等的保护。
微丝片材可具有针对各种不同的应用目的有效配置。微丝片材可以用作薄片材料(Blattmaterial)，例如可堆叠产品的中间层。在一个优选实施例中，包装材料构造成外罩和/或口袋。其中外罩和/或口袋在形状和尺寸上很好地适应待包装的物品。通过这种方式，包装材料很好地固定在物品上，同时赋予防划伤的可堆叠性。
在本发明的一个特别优选的实施方式中，外罩和/或口袋具有用于接纳支撑杆的支撑环和/或孔，这对于用作悬挂运输保护是特别有益的。
对于根据本发明中的作为包装材料的应用，微丝片材也可以这么使用。同样也可以想到，在层A的、背离待包装的材料那一侧额外设置至少一层，由此构造根据本发明所采用的微丝复合片材。
在本发明的一个优选实施方式中，除了层A以外，微丝复合片材还包含至少一个层B，层B最好具有碰撞/震动阻尼效果。对于该实施方式有利的是，通过额外的阻尼层可以很好地避免被包装的材料损坏。此外层B还可具有静电消散效应、减震效果和/或高强度。
在本发明的一个特别优选的实施方式中，层B有以下强度：根据DIN EN 13934-1标准测量，微丝复合片材的最大拉伸应力超过400N/5cm，例如400N/5cm-3000N/5cm，优选600N/5cm-3000N/5cm，特别是700N/5cm-3000N/5cm。于此有益的是，使用这种包装材料能够包装和运输较重的材料。
对于本领域技术人员而言，层A与层B的组合有多种可能性。例如，层B可在过程中在线(in-line)处理。在本实施实例中，在纺丝和拉伸后，层A被直接放置在层B上。随后与层A一起进行下一道工艺。替代地，层A和层B可以在紧接水射流强化和/或分裂之前而被放在一起，并一起经过这些处理。若层B显示为最好可卷起的片材，根据ISO 9237标准，该片材在100pa的透气率大于80l/m2，并且在高水射流强化压力下不会被破坏且不会溶于水，则该实施方式是特别实用的。同样可以想到，层A和层B只在流体强化步骤之后才结合。为此可采用常见的结合技术，例如缝合、粘接、焊接。
除了层A层B以外，微丝复合片材还可具有其它层，例如额外的层A和/或层B，或者其他的层C。这样一来，包装材料例如可以具有ABA的层顺序。
为了避免重复，在下文中补充参考根据本发明所要求保护的包装材料说明的构造，以说明根据本发明所用微丝片材和/或微丝复合片材的特别优选的构造，特别是为了说明层A和层B的特别优选的构造。
本发明还涉及另一种工程包装材料，包含一种微丝复合片材，该微丝复合片材：
-具有至少一个表面层A，其中所述表面层A包含：
(a)熔纺的、铺设成纤维网并且通过射流，尤其是水射流，强化的微丝，所述微丝的平均线密度小于0.15dtex，优选小于0.1dtex，更优选在0.03-0.06dtex之间；和/或
(b)熔纺的、铺设成纤维网的复合长丝，所述复合长丝通过射流，尤其是水射流，至少部分地分裂成基础长丝并被强化，所述基础长丝的平均线密度小于0.15dtex，优选小于0.1dtex，更优选在0.03-0.06dtex之间；以及
-至少一个层B，所述层B显示出以下强度：根据DIN EN13934-1标准测量，所述微丝复合片材的最大拉伸力超过400N/5cm。
为了避免重复，在下文中补充参考以上根据本发明所要求保护的应用说明的构造，来说明微丝复合片材的特别优选的构造，特别是为了说明层A和层B的特别优选的构造。
根据本发明的工程包装材料具有至少一个层B，该层B显示出以下强度：根据DINEN 13934-1标准测量，微丝复合片材的最大拉伸力超过400N/5cm。如上所述，有益的是，用这种包装材料还可以包装和运输较重的材料。
在本发明的一个特别优选的实施方式中，层B显示出以下强度：根据DIN EN13934-1标准测量，微丝复合片材的最大拉伸力在400N/5cm-3000N/5cm之间，优选在600N/5cm-3000N/5cm之间，特别是700N/5cm-3000N/5cm之间。
在实际测试中，层B包含以下一个或多个产品，和/或由这些产品组成是有利的：多孔、粘黏性泡沫材料，多孔膜，网状纺织片材，无纺织物，织物，针织品，编织织物和/或间隔针织品。这些产品可以由不同的材料组成，只要层B显示出上述强度即可。
根据本发明的微丝复合片材的单位面积重量可根据具体应用领域而变化。对于许多情况证明有利的是，将微丝复合片材的单位面积重量值调整到80g/m2-280g/m2之间，优选在100g/m2-250g/m2之间，特别是在100g/m2-250g/m2之间。
除了层A和层B以外，根据本发明的微丝复合片材还可以有其它层，例如额外的层A和/或层B，或者其他层(C)。这样一来，包装材料例如可以具有ABA的层顺序。在该构造中，包装材料的两个表面显示出上面关于层A讨论的有益性质。由此，可以实现简单、节约材料、成本低的批量生产，但仍然可以确保对被包装的材料提供最佳的保护。
作为额外的层，例如可以考虑以下的层C：导电的片材，和/或弹性片材，和/或预浸渍的片材，和/或热风收缩性片材，透气性片材。
如上所述，微丝复合片材具有优秀的机械性能，例如高的耐久性和良好的抗磨损性，因而与对敏感表面的良好保护相符。
有利的是，微丝复合片材的另一个特征在于，根据DIN EN ISO 155797标准，撕裂强度可简单地调节。
微丝复合片材的厚度可根据使用的材料和所期望的工程包装材料的性能而变化。通常厚度大于0.3mm，例如在0.3mm-20mm之间，优选在1-5mm之间，更优选在2-4mm之间。
根据本发明的工程包装材料例如可以通过如下方法制备：
-准备至少一个层A，所述层A包含：
(a)熔纺的、铺设成纤维网并且通过射流，尤其是水射流，强化的微丝，所述微丝的平均线密度小于0.15dtex，优选小于0.1dtex，更优选在0.03-0.06dtex之间；和/或
(b)熔纺的、铺设成纤维网的复合长丝，所述复合长丝通过射流，尤其是水射流，至少部分地分裂成基础长丝并被强化，所述基础长丝的平均线密度小于0.15dtex，优选小于0.1dtex，更优选在0.03-0.06dtex之间；
-准备至少一个层B，所述层B具有以下强度：根据DIN EN 13934-1标准测量，所产生的微丝复合片材的最大拉伸力超过700N/5cm；
-将所述层A和层B叠置，其中至少一个表面层所述由层A构成；
-使所述层A和层B彼此结合，由此构成微丝复合片材。
一种简单的方法是，层A和层B分开制造，并通过已知的结合方法，例如水射流强化和/或粘合而彼此结合。
具体实施方式
下面将结合多个非限制性的实例进一步说明本发明：
实例1：生产根据本发明可用的微丝复合片材和比较片材。
下文将示例性地说明使用双组份纺丝设备由具有饼状横截面(“PIE”)的双组份长丝来生产无纺织物的过程。
根据本发明可用的、具有32根基础长丝(“PIE32”)、单位面积重量为240g/m2的无纺织物，与以相同制备方法制备，但基于PIE16的相同无纺织物进行比较。
原材料： 份额：
聚酯 70
聚酰胺6 30
挤出机：
PET，1-7区 270–295℃
PA6,1-7区 260–275℃
纺丝泵：
总吞吐量 1.3g/L每分钟
聚合物的比例 外部，可分裂层：PET/PA6,71/29(Vol.％)(体积百分比)
中间，110g/m2，不可分裂：PET/PA6,>90/<10(Vol.％)
喷嘴：
喷嘴类型 对照品PIE16，根据本发明PIE32
拉伸 气动，5000-5500m/min
铺设：
铺设在具有预设速度的传送带上进行，形成240g/m2的单位面积重量。
强化：
通过35针/cm2的针刺进行预强化，然后用钢轧辊(平/平)砑光。最终强化和可分裂长丝的分裂通过具有4-6个交替通道的水射流射到层顺序为ABAB(AB)的无纺织物的表面侧A和下侧B。
干燥：
无纺织物用圆柱形空气干燥器在190℃下进行干燥和热强化。
生产速度取决于追求的单位面积重量。
在相同条件下生产两个相同的无纺织物，这两种无纺织物关于层A的区别仅在于采用PIE16喷嘴和PIE32喷嘴。
实例2：实例1中制备的微丝复合片材的各种相关参数的比较。
使用合适的测量方法对实例1中制备的各种用于根据本发明的作为包装材料的应用相关的微丝复合片材的性能进行研究。除非另外说明，测试按照以下标准的、在专利申请日有效的版本进行。
性能 单位 标准
单位面积重量 g/m2 EN 965
厚度 mm EN 964-1
最大拉伸力 N/5cm EN 13934-1
最大拉伸量 ％ EN 13934-1
撕裂强度 N EN 13937-2
起球 级(Note) 参照DIN 53867
磨损马丁代尔(9kPa) 转 EN 12947
下表给出的参数可以看出：
从表中可以看出，在从PIE16过渡到PIE32时，也就是说，随着纤维线密度递减发生以下变化：
-抗分层性显著提升
-抗磨损性极大提升
-抗起球性极大提升
这些特性改变表明，根据本发明的含有极细微丝的微丝复合片材很合适作为工程包装材料，同时显示出针对外部机械应力的良好保护以及很好的抗磨损性。

Claims (14)

1.包含至少一个层A的微丝片材作为工程包装材料的应用，所述层A作为工程包装材料的表面层，所述层A包含：
(c)熔纺的、铺设为纤维网并且通过射流，尤其是水射流，强化的微丝，所述微丝的平均线密度小于0.15dtex；和/或
(d)熔纺且铺设成纤维网的复合长丝，所述复合长丝利用射流，尤其是水射流，被至少部分地分裂成基础长丝并被强化，所述基础长丝的平均线密度小于0.15dtex。
2.如权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于，基于所述层A的总重量，所述层A中的微丝和/或基础长丝所占的比例在80wt.％-100wt.％之间。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的应用，其特征在于，所述层A在其朝向待包装的材料的那一侧不具有涂层，尤其是不具有PVC涂层。
4.如前述一项或多项权利要求所述的应用，其特征在于，所述层A的厚度在0.1mm-1mm之间。
5.如前述一项或多项权利要求所述的应用，其特征在于，根据DIN 53867标准测量，至少在朝向待包装的材料的那一侧，所述微丝复合片材的起球对应于至少4级。
6.如前述一项或多项权利要求所述的应用，其特征在于，所述微丝片材用作装配保护和/或运输保护，尤其是用于表面敏感的物品，如涂漆的车身部件，涂漆的家具，绘画，玻璃，玻璃透镜，镀铬或其它高光处理的容器，和/或用作后续蒸发的运输货物的运输保护。
7.如前述一项或多项权利要求所述的应用，其特征在于，所述微丝片材构造成片材、外罩和/或口袋的形式来使用。
8.如前述一项或多项权利要求所述应用，其特征在于，所述微丝片材构造成微丝复合片材，在所述层A的朝向待包装的物品的一侧，所述微丝复合片材还具有至少一个层。
9.如权利要求8所述的应用，其特征在于，在所述微丝复合片材中，所述层A朝向待包装的物品和/或与之接触。
10.如权利要求8或9所述的应用，其特征在于，所述微丝复合片材包含至少一个层B，所述层B具有以下强度：根据DIN EN13934-1标准测量，所述微丝复合片材的最大拉伸力超过400N/5cm。
11.如权利要求8-10中一项或多项所述的应用，其特征在于，基于所述微丝复合长丝的总重量，所述层A中的微丝和/或基础长丝所占的比例至少为5wt.％。
12.一种工程包装材料，所述工程包装材料包括微丝复合片材，所述微丝复合片材包括：
-至少一个表面层A，所述层A包含：
(c)熔纺的、铺设成纤维网并且通过射流，尤其是水射流，强化的微丝，所述微丝的平均线密度小于0.15dtex；和/或
(d)熔纺的、铺设成纤维网的复合长丝，所述复合长丝通过射流，尤其是水射流，被至少部分地分裂为基础长丝并被强化，所述基础长丝的平均线密度小于0.15dtex；以及
-至少一个层B，所述层B显示出以下强度：根据DIN EN 13934-1标准测量，所述微丝复合片材的最大拉伸强度超过400N/5cm。
13.如权利要求12所述的工程包装材料，其特征在于，所述层A按照权利要求1-11描述的那样构造。
14.制造如权利要求12或13所述的微丝复合片材的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括如下步骤：
-制备至少一个层A，所述层A包含：
(c)熔纺的、铺设成纤维网并且通过射流，尤其是水射流，强化的微丝，所述微丝的平均线密度小于0.15dtex；
(d)熔纺的、铺设成纤维网的复合长丝，所述复合长丝通过射流，尤其是水射流，至少部分地分裂成基础长丝并被强化，所述基础长丝的平均线密度小于0.15dtex；
-制备至少一个层B，所述层B显示出以下强度：根据DIN EN 13934-1标准测量，所述微丝复合片材的最大拉伸强度超过400N/5cm；
-将所述层A与层B互相叠置，其中至少一个表面层由所述纤维层A构成；
-使所述层A和层B彼此结合，由此构成微丝复合片材。
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