TW201805486A - 使基板表面及高深寬比孔洞之孔壁具有還原氧化石墨烯層之方法及該方法所使用的調節液 - Google Patents
使基板表面及高深寬比孔洞之孔壁具有還原氧化石墨烯層之方法及該方法所使用的調節液 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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Abstract
本發明將還原氧化石墨烯修飾於非導體基材表面及微米孔洞之孔壁,使得改質後的非導體表面具有還原氧化石墨烯優異之導電性,進而完成後續電鍍製程,且電鍍金屬後的微米孔洞可通過熱信賴度測試。本發明具有許多優勢,包括製程步驟少,製程時間短、無複雜之化學藥品,及以水相溶劑取代有機溶劑,皆利於工業界量產操作並且對環境友善。
Description
本發明是關於以濕式製程將還原氧化石墨烯層修飾於基板表面及高深寬比孔洞之孔壁之方法。
專利文獻US5389270A提出一種能在非導電通孔表面控制與均勻沈積石墨或碳黑塗層之組合物。該組合物包括水性分散介質、尺寸為微米級的碳顆粒、用以分散碳顆粒的分散劑、用以使組合物可以黏結於非導電通孔表面的黏結劑、和潤濕通孔表面的界面活性劑。碳顆粒可以是碳黑或石墨或其組合。將上述組合物施塗於非導電通孔的表面,施塗之後必需再實施將固定液施塗於上述組合物表面的步驟,以期使組合物均勻的固定於非導電通孔的表面。固定液可以是水、脂肪族、芳香族溶劑或包含酸之水溶液。
專利文獻WO 2013/096273(以下簡稱273案)揭露以石墨烯層做為金屬(銅)擴散之阻障。273案揭露以化學氣相沈積法於銅或鎳金屬表面沈積大面積石墨烯層,生成後再經過一道轉移製程至所需的基板上。
專利文獻US8884310B2及US9343533揭露在半導體基材表面大面積生成石墨烯的方法,包括:步驟一,將含碳源之含烴自組裝單層或富含
碳之聚合物沈積在半導體基材的表面;步驟二,將金屬薄膜通過濺鍍、蒸發、電解電鍍或箔片黏合方式沈積在含烴自組裝單層或富含碳之聚合物上;步驟三,通過高溫步驟(500℃-1000℃),使碳向金屬層擴散,使金屬層吸收足夠高濃度的碳;步驟四,通過冷卻步驟,使金屬層內的碳分凝沈澱為石墨烯於半導體基材表面;步驟五,通過金屬層移除步驟將表面金屬層移除,形成半導體基材表面生成石墨烯之多層結構。
專利文獻US9105696揭露以濕製程方案成功的將還原氧化石墨烯修飾於基板之孔洞表面之方法,包括:步驟一,使基板表面親水化;步驟二,於表面親水化之基板表面形成矽烷自組裝層;步驟三,於上述矽烷自組裝層上接枝高分子層;步驟四,經步驟三處理後之基板與鹼性GO溶液接觸,使氧化石墨烯(GO)接枝於該高分子層;經步驟四處理後之基板與含金屬離子溶液接觸,將金屬離子插層於氧化石墨烯層間;步驟六,經步驟五處理後的基板與含還原劑之溶液接觸,將金屬離子還原為金屬原子,氧化石墨烯層(GO)還原為還原氧化石墨烯層(rGO),形成金屬原子/rGO複合層修飾於基板表面及孔洞表面。
本發明之目的是以三步驟濕製程將還原氧化石墨烯修飾於基板之表面或高深寬比孔洞之孔壁,解決了以往CVD製程或轉移技術只能將石墨烯層大面積沈積或轉移在基板表面,無法進入基板孔洞的難題;更進一步的,本發明之濕製程步驟以及調節劑較US9105696案更為簡化。
在本發明中以下所稱之基板為具有微米級高深寬比盲孔(Blind Via Hole)或通孔(Through Hole)之半導體或非導體基板,該基板通過以下三
個步驟將其表面和孔內壁改質為導體,以便直接進行通、盲孔電鍍製程。
一種使基板表面及其高深寬比孔洞之孔壁具有還原氧化石墨烯層之方法,包含:歩驟一,將基板與調節液接觸;該調節液為包含胺基化合物之水溶液;胺基化合物濃度為0.1-3g/L;該調節液的溫度為40-80℃,接觸時間為3-10分鐘;於該基板及孔壁表面形成胺基化合物層;步驟二,將完成步驟一之基板與氧化石墨烯溶液接觸,氧化石墨烯溶液的pH為3-6;接觸時間為5-10分鐘;氧化石墨烯溶液溫度35-80℃,氧化石墨烯固含量為0.1-1g/L;該步驟二,氧化石墨烯之含氧官能基吸附並鍵結於上述胺基化合物層;步驟三,將完成步驟二之基板與還原液接觸;該還原液包含用以還原步驟二之氧化石墨烯層的還原劑;還原液的pH為3-10,接觸時間為5-10分鐘,還原液溫度為60-90℃,還原液中所包含的還原劑濃度為0.5-2M;該還原劑將步驟二之氧化石墨烯(GO)還原為還原氧化石墨烯(rGO),使該基板表面及孔壁具有還原氧化石墨烯層。
其中,步驟一之胺基化合物為聚胺類。
其中,步驟一之胺基化合物為醇胺類。
其中,胺基化合物為具有四級銨官能基之聚合物。
一種調節液,該調節液包括:去離子水以及添加於該去離子水中的胺基化合物;其中,胺基化合物的濃度為0.3g/L-1g/L;該調節液使用於將基板表面及高深寬比孔洞之孔壁形成還原氧
化石墨烯層之製程中,使該基板及該孔壁表面形成帶有胺基之化合物層,供氧化石墨烯吸附鍵結。
其中,胺基化合物為聚胺類。
其中,胺基化合物為醇胺類。
其中,胺基化合物為具有四級銨官能基聚合物。
本發明之功效:
本發明以三步驟化學接枝及還原技術,將還原氧化石墨烯穩固地鍵結於非導體基材表面及其高深寬比孔洞之孔壁上,使該等結構具有導電性,可直接進行表面電鍍或是填孔電鍍製程。
本發明以三個步驟達成上段所述之功效,三步驟總製程時間控制於30分鐘之內。相對於先前技術,本發明大幅減少製程步驟,大幅縮短製程時間,利於量產操作。
本發明選用之調節液,配方簡化,利於量產操作。
本發明製程中無任何複雜的化學藥品,水溶液取代有機溶劑,製程不涉及高溫、高壓,所選用之化學藥品不涉及毒性高或廢液難處理之化學物質,利於工業界大規模量產操作並且對環境友善。
運用還原氧化石墨烯之高機械強度、高熱導率、低電阻、尺寸安定性高等特點,有效地改善金屬與非導體基材之間受熱衝擊後產生之失效問題。本發明通過三步驟處理後之基板完成金屬填孔之後,經熱衝擊測試(thermal reliability test),填孔金屬與基板之間沒有分離現象。
10‧‧‧測試板
11‧‧‧正面
111‧‧‧非導電區
112‧‧‧導電區
12‧‧‧背面
121‧‧‧非導電區
第一圖為已知用以進行金屬爬鍍測試的測試板。
第二圖為測試板電鍍銅之結果,以本發明第一實施例之方法且步驟一採用1g/L聚胺類處理。
第三圖為測試板電鍍銅之結果,以本發明第一實施例之方法且步驟一採用2g/L聚胺類處理。
第四圖為測試板電鍍銅之結果,以本發明第一實施例之方法且步驟一採用10g/L醇胺類處理。
第五圖為測試板電鍍銅之結果,以本發明第一實施例之方法且步驟一採用30g/L醇胺類處理。
第六圖為測試板電鍍銅之結果,以本發明第一實施例之方法且步驟一採用10g/L醇胺類處理。
第七圖為測試板電鍍銅之結果,以本發明第一實施例之方法且步驟一採用10g/L醇胺類處理。
第八圖為測試板電鍍銅之結果,以本發明第一實施例之方法且步驟一採用1g/L PVI處理。
第九圖為測試板電鍍銅之結果,以本發明第一實施例之方法且步驟一採用1g/L PQT-2處理。
第十圖為測試板電鍍銅之結果,以本發明第一實施例之方法且步驟一採用3g/L PQT-2處理。
第十一圖以本發明第二實施例之方法處理之PVI板直接電鍍銅之結果。
第十二圖以本發明第二實施例之方法處理之PAE板直接電鍍銅之結果。
第十三圖以本發明第二實施例之方法處理之Gemini板直接電鍍銅之結果。
第十四圖以本發明第二實施例之方法處理之PACD板直接電鍍銅之結果。
第十五圖以本發明第二實施例之方法處理之PADCH板直接電鍍銅之結果。
第十六圖以本發明第二實施例之方法處理之PQT-2板直接電鍍銅之結果。
第十七圖以本發明第一實施例之方法處理之基板進行填孔電鍍及熱信賴度測試之OM剖面圖。
第十八圖以本發明第二實施例之方法處理之基板進行填孔電鍍及熱信賴度測試之SEM剖面圖。
第十九A圖以本發明第二實施例之方法處理之基板進行填孔電鍍及熱信賴度測試之OM 100X剖面圖。
第十九B圖以本發明第二實施例之方法處理之基板進行電鍍及熱信賴度測試之OM 200X剖面圖。
第十九C圖以本發明第二實施例之方法處理之基板進行電鍍及熱信賴度測試之OM 500X剖面圖。
一種使基板表面及高深寬比孔洞之孔壁具有還原氧化石墨烯層之方法,包含:歩驟一,將基板與調節液接觸;該調節液為包含胺基化合物之水溶液;胺基化合物濃度為0.1-3g/L;該調節液的溫度為40-80℃,接觸時間為3-10分鐘;於該基板及孔壁表面形成胺基化合物層;步驟二,將完成步驟一之基板與氧化石墨烯(Graphene Oxide)溶液(GO溶液)接觸。GO溶液的pH為3-6(較佳為3.5)。接觸手段為浸泡,浸泡時
間為5-20分鐘,較佳為10分鐘。溶液溫度35-80℃,較佳溫度為60℃。GO固含量為0.1-1g/L,較佳固含量為0.25g/L。基板置入溶液中浸泡後對GO溶液進行超音波震盪5秒,待浸泡完成後取出基板,以去離子水潤洗再以氮氣乾燥。在此步驟中帶負電或帶有氧化物官能基的氧化石墨烯吸附並鍵結於胺基化合物層;步驟三,將完成步驟二之基板與還原液接觸,該還原液包含用以還原步驟二氧化石墨烯層的還原劑。還原液的pH為3-10,較佳為10。pH調整劑為NaOH、KOH、或NH4OH。接觸手段為浸泡,浸泡時間為5-15分鐘,較佳為10分鐘。還原液溫度為60-90℃,較佳溫度為60℃。還原液中所包含的還原劑濃度為0.5-2M,較佳為1M。基板置入溶液中超音波震盪5秒,浸泡完成後取出基材,以DI water潤洗和氮氣乾燥。在此步驟中氧化石墨烯(GO)還原成還原氧化石墨烯(reduced Graphene Oxide,rGO),使基板表面及孔洞之孔壁具有導電性。
步驟一之胺基化合物為聚胺類、醇胺類之擇一。
聚胺類是選自式(1)。
R2:
3. CnH2n+1X,n=0,1,2,3...
X=(X1),(X2),(X3),(X4),(X5),(X6)
4. CnH2n+1(A)CnH2n+1(B) n=1,2.3...
A=(A1),(A2),(A3),(A4)
B=(B1),(B2),(B3),(B4),(B5),(B6)
5. CnH2n+1[CnH2n+1Y] n=1,2,3...
Y=(Y1),(Y2),(Y3),(Y4),(Y5),(Y6)
醇胺類是選自式(2)或式(3),NH3-m(C2H4)m(OH)m,m=1、2、3 式(2)
Nn(C2H4)2n+1(OH)2n+1,n=2、3、4 式(3)。
胺基化合物亦可選自聚乙烯基季銨鹽(Quaternary polyvinylimidazole,PVI)、聚酰胺-環氧氯丙烷(polyamidoamine-epichlorohydrin,PAE)、超支化吉米奇季銨鹽(Hyperbranched Gemini quaternary ammonium salt)、二甲基二烯丙基氯化銨/丙烯醯胺共聚物〔Poly(acrylamide-co-diallyldimethylammonium chloride),PACD〕、聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化銨〔Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride),PDACH〕、聚基銨含脲基聚合物(Polyquaternium-2)之擇一。
步驟三可選用的還原劑包括無機還原劑或有機還原劑。無機類還原劑包含但不限於氯化亞錫(SnCl2)、磷酸氫二鈉(NaHPO4)、硼氫化鈉(NaBH4)、氫碘酸(HI)。有機還原劑包含但不限於聯氨(NH2NH2)、抗壞血酸、尿素(Urea)、肝素(Heparin)、胺基酸(amino acid,包含但不限於半胱胺酸、離胺酸、天東胺酸)、沒食子酸(Gallic acid)、微生物〔包含但不限於希瓦氏菌(Shewanella)〕、葡萄糖(Glucose)、果糖(Fructose)、蛋白質及肽〔包含但不限於牛血清蛋白(Bovine serum albumin)〕、激素(Hormones)〔包含但不限於退黑激素(Melatonin)〕、神經傳導物質(Neurotransmitters)〔包含但不限於多巴胺(Dopamin)〕、植物萃取物(包含但不限於波菜、茶類、蒜類)、四級胺類與導電性高分子前驅物(如吡咯、噻吩、苯胺)。在本發明實驗中,所選用的還原劑為抗壞血酸。
歩驟一,將基板與調節液接觸;該調節液為包含具有四級銨官能基之聚合物以及醇胺類化合物之水溶液;其中,溶液為去離子水(DI water),四級銨官能基之聚合物以0.5g/L-3g/L(較佳為1g/L)溶於上述去離子水(DI water),醇胺類化合物以10-50g/L(較佳為30g/L)溶於上述去離子水。更進一步的,該調節液可包含界面活性劑,該界面活性劑以25-200ppm(較佳為50ppm)溶於上述去離子水。該調節液的溫度為40-80℃,較佳的溶液溫度為60℃。基板與調節液的接觸手段為浸泡,浸泡時間為5-20分鐘,較佳的浸泡時間為10分鐘。將基板置入溶液中浸泡後對調節液進行超音波震盪5秒,待浸泡完成後取出基板,以去離子水潤洗再以氮氣乾燥。
歩驟二,同第一實施例之步驟二,將氧化石墨烯吸附並鍵結於上述帶有四級銨官能基之高分子層;步驟三,同第一實施例之步驟三。
在步驟一中,醇胺類化合物及界面活性劑具有清潔基板及孔洞表面的作用,去除表面之油脂或其他雜質,據以使四級銨官能基之聚合物在基板表面及孔洞之孔壁形成均勻帶正電荷之高分子層。在步驟一中,本發明所採用的醇胺類化合物是選自上述式(2)或式(3),例如包含但不限於乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺。本發明所採用具有四級銨官能基聚合物是選自聚乙烯基季銨鹽(Quaternary polyvinylimidazole,PVI)、聚酰胺-環氧氯丙烷(polyamidoamine-epichlorohydrin,PAE)、超支化吉米奇季銨鹽(Hyperbranched Gemini quaternary ammonium salt,PN-320)、二甲基二烯丙基氯化銨/丙烯醯胺共聚物〔Poly(acrylamide-co-diallyldimethylammonium chloride),PACD,Polyquaternium-7,聚季銨鹽-7〕、聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化
銨〔Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride),PDACH〕、聚基銨含脲基聚合物(Polyquaternium-2,PQT-2)之擇一。本發明所採用的界面活性劑是選用聚乙二醇(Polythylene glycol)與聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚(Triton-X100,t-Octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol)之擇一。
如第一圖,是一種已知的測試板10。測試板10的正面11具有七條等寬不等高的非導電區111和壓合在非導電區111之間的導電區112,非導電區111的材料為樹脂,導電區112的材料為銅。測試板10的背面12具有大面積的非導電區121。
採用第一實施例之方法,步驟一選用聚胺類1g/L及2g/L,於測試板正面和反面形成還原氧化石墨烯層(rGO層)。以此測試板做爬鍍實驗(爬鍍條件設定及操作是已知的方案),其結果分別如第二圖(聚胺類1g/L)及第三圖(聚胺類2g/L),測試板的正面及背面全部鍍滿銅層,且銅層密度和均勻性佳。
採用第一實施例之方法,步驟一選用式(2)之醇胺類10g/L及30g/L,於測試板正面和反面形成還原氧化石墨烯層(rGO層)。以此測試板做上述的爬鍍實驗,其結果分別如第四圖(醇胺類10g/L)及第五圖(醇胺類30g/L),測試板的正面及背面完成部分爬鍍。
採用第一實施例之方法,步驟一選用式(3)之醇胺類10g/L,於測試板正面和反面形成還原氧化石墨烯層(rGO層)。以此測試板做上述爬鍍實
驗,其結果分別如第六圖及第七圖,測試板的正面七條非導電區均完成鍍銅,背面之非導電區為部分鍍銅。
採用第一實施例之方法,步驟一選用1g/L PVI、1g/L PQT-2、3g/L PQT-2,於測試板正面和背面形成還原氧化石墨烯層(rGO層)。以此測試板做爬鍍實驗,其結果分別如第八圖(1g/L PVI)、第九圖(1g/L PQT-2)、第十圖(3g/L PQT-2),測試板的正面七條非導電區均完成鍍銅,反面之非導電區為部分鍍銅。
採用第二實施例之方法,在步驟一分別選用六種代表性四級銨官能基聚合物,因此,該測試板10共有六塊,分別稱之為PVI板、PAE板、Gemini板、PACD板、PDACH板、PQT-2板。
如第十一至十六圖,PVI板、PAE板、Gemini板、PACD板、PDACH板、PQT-2板的正面及反面幾乎全部鍍滿銅層,而銅層密度和均勻性以Gemini板和PQT-2板之表現為最佳。
通過本發明第一實施例之方法,步驟一選用聚胺類1g/L或2g/L,可在具有微米級高深寬比通孔(Plating Through Hole)之PCB板的表面及孔洞內壁及孔底面均形成還原氧化石墨烯層(rGO層)。採用已知的電鍍或化學鍍銅配方及條件即可於該基板上直接進行電鍍銅。配方及條件本發明並不加以限定。為符合說明書充份揭露原則,發明人所採之鍍液配方包括0.6-1.0M的含銅化合物、2-4v/v%硫酸(H2SO4)、20-90ppm鹵素離子(氯離子)、聚乙二
醇(PEG)200ppm、雙(3-磺酸丙基)二硫化物[Bis(3-Sufopropy)Disulfide,(SPS)]1-3ppm、以及1-3ppm一至兩種平整劑(含氮雜環化合物),電流密度15ASF,電鍍時間為1.5小時,空氣氣泡攪拌:3NL/min,溫度為28℃。
第十七圖,為PCB通孔之OM剖面圖(100X),銅沈積於通孔(直徑500μm、250μm),且銅沈積物中為沒有任何空洞或空隙。第十七圖不止描述完成銅填孔電鍍,更進一步描述該PCB板歷經熱衝擊測試(thermal reliability test),通孔電鍍銅PCB板浸泡在錫爐中,溫度為288℃維持10秒,然後取出冷卻,如此冷熱循環5次,最終結果顯示通孔電鍍銅與孔壁內層銅之間沒有分離現象。
通過本發明第二實施例之方法可在具有微米級高深寬比盲孔(Blind Via Hole)之PCB板的表面及孔洞內壁及孔底面均形成還原氧化石墨烯層(rGO層)。採用已知的電鍍銅配方及條件即可於上述測試板上直接進行電鍍銅。配方及條件本發明並不加以限定。為符合說明書充份揭露原則,發明人所採之鍍液配方包括硫酸銅(CuSO4)0.88M、硫酸(H2SO4)3V%、健那綠B(Janus Green B)3ppm、吡啶變體(pyridine variant)1ppm、聚乙二醇(PEG)200ppm、雙(3-磺酸丙基)二硫化物[Bis(3-Sufopropy)Disulfide,(SPS)]6ppm、氯離子(Cl-)60ppm。操作條件:電流密度:20 ASF、空氣氣泡攪拌:3NL/min、電鍍時間:60min。
第十八圖,為歷經熱衝擊測試後之PCB盲孔之SEM剖面圖。盲孔孔徑50μm的PCB板以孔底上移(Bottom-Up)和無孔隙的超級填充(Superfilling)的模式完成銅填充。第十八圖不止描述完成銅填孔電鍍,更進
一步描述該PCB板歷經熱衝擊測試(thermal reliability test),將PCB板浸泡在錫爐中,溫度為288℃維持10秒,然後取出冷卻,如此冷熱循環5次,第十八圖顯示填孔電鍍銅在孔底與內層銅之間沒有分離現象。
通過本發明第二實施例之方法可在具有微米級高深寬比通孔(Plating Through Hole)之PCB板的表面及孔洞內壁及孔底面均形成還原氧化石墨烯層(rGO層)。採用已知的電鍍或化學鍍銅配方及條件即可於該基板上直接進行電鍍銅。配方及條件本發明並不加以限定。為符合說明書充份揭露原則,發明人所採之鍍液配方包括0.6-1.0M的含銅化合物、2-4v/v%硫酸(H2SO4)、20-90ppm鹵素離子(氯離子)、聚乙二醇(PEG)200ppm、雙(3-磺酸丙基)二硫化物[Bis(3-Sufopropy)Disulfide,(SPS)]1-3ppm、以及1-3ppm一至兩種平整劑(含氮雜環化合物),電流密度15ASF,電鍍時間為1.5小時,空氣氣泡攪拌:3NL/min,溫度為28℃。
第十九A圖、第十九B圖、第十九C圖,為歷經熱衝擊測試後之PCB通孔之OM剖面圖(100X、200X、500X),銅沈積於通孔中,且銅沈積物中為沒有任何空洞或空隙。通孔電鍍銅PCB板浸泡在錫爐中,溫度為288℃維持10秒,然後取出冷卻,如此冷熱循環5次,顯示通孔電鍍銅與孔壁內層銅之間沒有分離現象。
本發明適用於表面電鍍製程或電鍍填孔製程,且填孔材料不限於銅,亦適用銅以外之導電金屬,包含但不限於鎳、鎢等合金。
Claims (20)
- 一種使基板表面及高深寬比孔洞之孔壁具有還原氧化石墨烯層之方法,包含:歩驟一,將基板與調節液接觸;該調節液為包含胺基化合物之水溶液;胺基化合物濃度為0.1-3g/L;該調節液的溫度為40-80℃,接觸時間為3-10分鐘;於該基板及孔壁表面形成胺基化合物層;步驟二,將完成步驟一之基板與氧化石墨烯溶液接觸,氧化石墨烯溶液的pH為3-6;接觸時間為5-10分鐘;氧化石墨烯溶液溫度35-80℃,氧化石墨烯固含量為0.1-1g/L;該步驟二,氧化石墨烯吸附並鍵結於上述胺基化合物層;步驟三,將完成步驟二之基板與還原液接觸,該還原液包含用以還原步驟二氧化石墨烯層的還原劑;還原液的pH為3-10,接觸時間為5-10分鐘,還原液溫度為60-90℃,還原液中所包含的還原劑濃度為0.5-2M;該還原劑將步驟二之氧化石墨烯(GO)還原為還原氧化石墨烯(rGO),使該基板表面及孔壁具有還原氧化石墨烯層。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中,步驟一之胺基化合物為聚胺類。
- 如請求項2所述之方法,其中,聚胺類是選自式(1)
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中,步驟一之胺基化合物為醇胺類。
- 如請求項4所述之方法,其中,醇胺類是選自式(15)或式(16),NH3-m(C2H4)m(OH)m,m=1、2、3 式(15) Nn(C2H4)2n+1(OH)2n+1,n=2、3、4 式(16)。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中,胺基化合物為具有四級銨官能基之聚合物。
- 如請求項6所述之方法,其中,四級銨官能基之聚合物是選自聚乙烯基季銨鹽(Quaternary polyvinylimidazole,PVI)、聚酰胺-環氧氯丙烷(polyamidoamine-epichlorohydrin,PAE)、超支化吉米奇季銨鹽(Hyperbranched Gemini quaternary ammonium salt)、二甲基二烯丙基氯化銨/丙烯醯胺共聚物〔Poly(acrylamide-co-diallyldimethylammonium chloride),PACD〕、聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化銨〔Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride),PDACH〕、聚基銨含脲基聚合物(Polyquaternium-2)之擇一。
- 一種使基板表面及其盲孔或通孔孔壁具有還原氧化石墨烯層之方法,包含:歩驟一,將基板與調節液接觸;該調節液為包含具有四級銨官能基之聚合物以及醇胺類化合物之水溶液;其中,溶液為去離子水,四級銨官能基之聚合物以0.5g/L-3g/L溶於上述去離子水,醇胺類化合物以10-50g/L溶於上述去離子水;該調節液的溫度為40-80℃,接觸時間為3-10分鐘;該步驟一於該基板表面及其盲孔或通孔之孔壁形成帶有 四級銨官能基之高分子層;步驟二,將完成步驟一之基板與氧化石墨烯溶液接觸,氧化石墨烯溶液的pH為3-6;接觸時間為5-10分鐘;氧化石墨烯溶液溫度35-80℃,氧化石墨烯固含量為0.1-1g/L;該步驟二,氧化石墨烯吸附並鍵結於上述帶有四級銨官能基之高分子層;步驟三,將完成步驟二之基板與還原液接觸,該還原液包含用以還原步驟二氧化石墨烯層的還原劑;還原液的pH為3-10,接觸時間為5-10分鐘,還原液溫度為60-90℃,還原液中所包含的還原劑濃度為0.5-2M;該還原劑將步驟二之氧化石墨烯(GO)還原為還原氧化石墨烯(rGO),使該基板表面及其盲孔或通孔之孔壁具有還原氧化石墨烯層。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項所述之方法,其中,該步驟一,選用的醇胺類化合物是選自式(1)或式(2),NH3-m(C2H4)m(OH)m,m=1、2、3 式(1) Nn(C2H4)2n+1(OH)2n+1,n=2、3、4 式(2)。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項所述之方法,其中,該步驟一,具有四級銨官能基聚合物是選自聚乙烯基季銨鹽(Quaternary polyvinylimidazole,PVI)、聚酰胺-環氧氯丙烷(polyamidoamine-epichlorohydrin,PAE)、超支化吉米奇季銨鹽(Hyperbranched Gemini quaternary ammonium salt)、二甲基二烯丙基氯化銨/丙烯醯胺共聚物〔Poly(acrylamide-co-diallyldimethylammonium chloride),PACD〕、聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化銨〔Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride),PDACH〕、聚基銨含脲基聚合物(Polyquaternium-2)之擇一。
- 一種調節液,該調節液包括:去離子水,以及添加於該去離子水中的胺基化合物;其中,胺基化合物的濃度為0.3g/L-1g/L;該調節液使用於將基板表面及高深寬比孔洞之孔壁形成還原氧化石墨烯層之製程中,使該基板及該孔壁表面形成帶有胺基之化合物層,供氧化石墨烯吸附鍵結。
- 如請求項11所述之調節液,其中,胺基化合物為聚胺類。
- 如請求項11所述之調節液,其中,聚胺類是選自式(17),
- 如請求項11所述之調節液,其中,胺基化合物為醇胺類。
- 如請求項14所述之調節液,其中,醇胺類是選自式(31)或式(32),NH3-m(C2H4)m(OH)m,m=1、2、3 式(31) Nn(C2H4)2n+1(OH)2n+1,n=2、3、4 式(32)。
- 如請求項11所述之調節液,其中,胺基化合物為具有四級銨官能基聚合物。
- 如請求項16所述之調節液,其中,四級銨官能基聚合物是選自胺基化合物是選自聚乙烯基季銨鹽(Quaternary polyvinylimidazole,PVI)、聚酰胺-環氧氯丙烷(polyamidoamine-epichlorohydrin,PAE)、超支化吉米奇季銨鹽(Hyperbranched Gemini quaternary ammonium salt)、二甲基二烯丙基氯化銨/丙烯醯胺共聚物〔 Poly(acrylamide-co-diallyldimethylammonium chloride),PACD〕、聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化銨〔Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride),PDACH〕、聚基銨含脲基聚合物(Polyquaternium-2)之擇一。
- 一種調節液,該調節液包括:去離子水,以及添加於該去離子水中的四級銨官能基之聚合物以及醇胺類化合物;其中,四級銨官能基之聚合物濃度為0.5g/L-3g/L,醇胺類化合物濃度為10-50g/L;該調節液使用於將基板表面及高深寬比孔洞之孔壁形成還原氧化石墨烯層之製程中,使該基板及該孔壁表面形成帶有四級銨官能基之高分子層,供氧化石墨烯吸附鍵結。
- 如請求項18所述之調節液,其中,醇胺類是選自式(33)或式(34),NH3-m(C2H4)m(OH)m,m=1、2、3 式(33) Nn(C2H4)2n+1(OH)2n+1,n=2、3、4 式(34)。
- 如請求項18所述之調節液,其中,胺基化合物是選自聚乙烯基季銨鹽(Quaternary polyvinylimidazole,PVI)、聚酰胺-環氧氯丙烷(polyamidoamine-epichlorohydrin,PAE)、超支化吉米奇季銨鹽(Hyperbranched Gemini quaternary ammonium salt)、二甲基二烯丙基氯化銨/丙烯醯胺共聚物〔Poly(acrylamide-co-diallyldimethylammonium chloride),PACD〕、聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化銨〔Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride),PDACH〕、聚基銨含脲基聚合物(Polyquaternium-2)之擇一。
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