TW201725848A - 電路配置 - Google Patents
電路配置 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201725848A TW201725848A TW105118987A TW105118987A TW201725848A TW 201725848 A TW201725848 A TW 201725848A TW 105118987 A TW105118987 A TW 105118987A TW 105118987 A TW105118987 A TW 105118987A TW 201725848 A TW201725848 A TW 201725848A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P3/00—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters
- H02P3/02—Details
- H02P3/04—Means for stopping or slowing by a separate brake, e.g. friction brake, eddy-current brake
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
- B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
- B60L15/2009—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed for braking
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
- B60T13/02—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with mechanical assistance or drive
- B60T13/04—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with mechanical assistance or drive by spring or weight
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
- B60T13/74—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
- B60T13/74—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive
- B60T13/741—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive acting on an ultimate actuator
- B60T13/743—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive acting on an ultimate actuator with a spring accumulator
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
- B60T13/74—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive
- B60T13/748—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive acting on electro-magnetic brakes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D65/00—Parts or details
- F16D65/14—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position
- F16D65/16—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake
- F16D65/18—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake adapted for drawing members together, e.g. for disc brakes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D65/00—Parts or details
- F16D65/14—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position
- F16D65/16—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake
- F16D65/18—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake adapted for drawing members together, e.g. for disc brakes
- F16D65/186—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake adapted for drawing members together, e.g. for disc brakes with full-face force-applying member, e.g. annular
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
- H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
- H01F7/18—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P29/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
- B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
- B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
- B60Y2200/91—Electric vehicles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2121/00—Type of actuator operation force
- F16D2121/14—Mechanical
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2121/00—Type of actuator operation force
- F16D2121/18—Electric or magnetic
- F16D2121/20—Electric or magnetic using electromagnets
- F16D2121/22—Electric or magnetic using electromagnets for releasing a normally applied brake
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Stopping Of Electric Motors (AREA)
- Braking Systems And Boosters (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
Abstract
揭示一種電路配置,用以將用來鬆開止動煞車(B)的操作電壓(UB),以及係相對於用來使止動煞車(B)保持在鬆開位置的操作電壓而減小之電壓供應至電動馬達(M)的電磁式止動煞車(B),此電路配置與習知技術之不同處在於從與馬達(M)和止動煞車(B)分開設置的高階控制系統(S)供應操作電壓(UB),以及在於該電路配置係設置在馬達(M)中或馬達(M)上或者係設置在止動煞車(B)中或止動煞車(B)上,並且包含電壓調整器,其係適以在止動煞車(B)被鬆開後將所減小之電壓調整到固定值,而且與該操作電壓無關地這樣做。
Description
本發明係有關一種電路配置,用以將用來鬆開止動煞車的操作電壓,以及係相對於用來使止動煞車保持在鬆開位置的操作電壓而減小之電壓供應至電動馬達的電磁式止動煞車(holding brake)。
只要馬達不操作且必須不動,甚至當外部轉矩被施加於馬達時,電磁式止動煞車提供使馬達的軸(shaft)止動的作用。這樣的止動煞車的安全條件為當止動煞車被嚙合並且軸被快速止動時。因此,電磁式止動煞車被設計成使得它們係藉由操作電壓被施加於其以使煞車片(brake shoes)升起的電磁體而被鬆開。當此操作電壓被關閉時,或者當操作電壓因其他原因而失敗時,煞車片經由機械彈簧而被按壓而再次抵住軸。
電磁式止動煞車也針對線性馬達而被使用,其中,電磁式止動煞車當它們處於去激勵(de-energized)狀態時將電樞鎖在定子上的適當位置。
美國專利3,614,565號提出使用用來鬆開止動煞車的操作電壓比用來使煞車保持在鬆開位置的操作電壓更高。這樣,一方面,煞車可以被更快地鬆開,另一方面,使在馬達的操作期間於電磁體中所產生的熱顯著地減少。
EP 2503682 B1說明一種電路配置,其中,用來鬆開煞車和使煞車保持在鬆開位置所使用之不同的電壓係藉由脈波寬度調變來予以設定。在此,在止動煞車之電磁體處的電壓係等於所施加之電壓脈波的時間平均值。此專利揭示在分散驅動技術中,有利的是如果用來控制止動煞車的驅動控制器和電路配置被直接設置在馬達中或馬達上。在此組態中,用於到止動煞車之經脈波寬度調變的電源供應之訊號可局部地藉由驅動控制器來予以產生。然而,在有些技術的領域中,該要求反而係該針對中央驅動控制,例如,經由多軸機器工具上的數位控制系統。然後,依據EP 2503682 B1,除了用來傳送煞車電壓的供應線路(supply line)外,需要感應器線路(sensor line)來測量直接在止動煞車處的電壓或電流,並且將其傳送至中央驅動控制器,這使其可能,例如,偵測供應線路上的壓降並且藉由調整脈波寬度調變的占空因數(duty factor)來補償它。然而,額外的感應器線路意謂增加驅動系統中的佈線複雜度,而且也代表額外的誤差來源。
本發明之目的在於提供分散設置的電路配置,用以將
用來鬆開止動煞車的操作電壓,以及係相對於用來使止動煞車保持在鬆開位置的操作電壓而減小之電壓供應至電動馬達的電磁式止動煞車,該電路配置僅需要從中央控制系統供應用來鬆開止動煞車的操作電壓。
此目的係藉由如申請專利範圍第1項所提出之電路配置來予以達成,此電路配置之有利特徵也將從依附於申請專利範圍第1項之申請專利範圍而變得明顯。
所揭示者為一種電路配置,用以將用來鬆開止動煞車的操作電壓,以及相對於用來使止動煞車係保持在鬆開位置的操作電壓而減小之電壓供應至電動馬達的電磁式止動煞車。此電路配置與習知技術之不同處在於從與馬達和止動煞車分開設置的高階控制系統供應操作電壓,以及在於該電路配置係設置在馬達中或馬達上或者係設置在止動煞車中或止動煞車上,並且包含電壓調整器,其係適以在止動煞車被鬆開後將所減小之電壓調整到固定值,而且與該操作電壓無關地這樣做。
有關於此,馬達和止動煞車構成一個單元,並且本發明之電路配置係設置在此單元上或者在此單元中,從分開且遠端設置的較高階或中央控制系統而外部地供應用以起動止動煞車的操作電壓,單一個此種的中央控制系統可控制多個馬達及其止動煞車,例如,在工具機(machine tool)上。
僅當止動煞車要被鬆開時,設置在馬達上或馬達中或者係設置在止動煞車上或止動煞車中的電路配置需要從中
央控制系統供應操作電壓。當此操作電壓被關閉時,再次使止動煞車起作用。中央控制系統並不需要產生經脈波寬度調變的操作電壓,也不需要以任何方式將操作電壓供應線路上的壓降通知給止動煞車。先前技術之上面所述的這些缺點被用於中央驅動控制的本發明所克服。
依據本發明之電路配置以分散方式來確保止動煞車被快速地鬆開(亦即,使用全部的操作電壓(full operating voltage)),以及確保該煞車使用與到止動煞車之供應線路上的壓降無關之減小電壓(止動電壓)而隨後被保持在鬆開位置中,以便藉以使功率耗損顯著地減少。況且,該電路配置確保使止動煞車在操作電壓被關閉之後快速地起作用。
被分散地設置在馬達(亦即,其殼體)中或其上且因而緊鄰該止動煞車的該電路配置具有集成的比較器,其被用作為遲滯轉換器,並且將僅用來鬆開煞車所需之操作電壓藉由中央控制系統而做成必須可供使用於該止動煞車之如此高度的自主性給予該電路配置。然後,該電路配置自主性地確保起初該全部的操作電壓被施加於該止動煞車的電磁體,以及確保該煞車從而被快速地鬆開。隨後,該電路配置產生藉由脈波寬度調變來予以減小並且被用來使該煞車保持在鬆開位置的電壓,而且藉由以具有適合的占空因數(duty factor)之脈波來施加操作電壓來這樣做,使得跨於該止動煞車上的平均電壓剛好為該止動電壓。
因為該電壓被調整,所以不同類型的止動煞車,特別
是具有不同功率輸入要求的止動煞車可被連接至該電路配置。
鬆開止動煞車之過程的時序(time sequence);亦即,特別是第一階段的持續期間,而在該時序期間,在切換至該止動電壓之前使用該全部的操作電壓來鬆開該止動煞車,係藉由該電路配置之個別組件的等級(rating)來予以決定的,並且不需要由較高階之控制系統的任何介入。該時序照原樣已由該電路配置來予以界定。
本發明之其他優點和特徵將從下面的代表性實施例的說明配合附圖而變得明顯。
M‧‧‧馬達
B‧‧‧止動煞車
UB‧‧‧操作電壓
M1,M4‧‧‧切換元件
Q1,Q3,Q4‧‧‧切換元件
U1‧‧‧比較器
R2,R4,R12,R15,R16,R23‧‧‧電阻器
D6‧‧‧齊納二極體
C1‧‧‧平滑電容器
C8‧‧‧啟始電容器
D2‧‧‧放電二極體
R21‧‧‧可變電阻器
C4‧‧‧電容器
D1‧‧‧續流二極體
在附圖中,圖1顯示電路配置的第一部分;圖2顯示電路配置的第二部分。
圖1及圖2一起顯示依據第一代表實施例之本發明電路配置的完整電路,此電路圖形單獨將本發明之綜合的揭示提供給熟悉驅動技術之技藝者,特別是,在電子電路中用於驅動技術中之控制組件的領域中。
下面,雖然許多的這些細節將被解說於上下文中,但是全力係明確地保留於稍後訴諸於附圖中所揭示之電路配置的進一步細節。
馬達M的止動煞車B係連接至電路配置的端子+Vb,-Vb,只要經由這些端子而施加足夠的電壓,止動煞車B即鬆開馬達M的軸。
因此,當操作電壓UB被外部地施加於電路配置的端子0V,24V時,止動煞車B經由切換元件M1和M4而被連接至此操作電壓。在圖1中,示意性地顯示有中央控制系統S,其係遠離馬達M和止動煞車B而遠端地設置,並且能夠打開供應電壓UB以便鬆開煞車B,以及將供應電壓UB關閉以便使煞車B起作用。
操作電壓UB一被施加,切換元件M4即永久地被開啟。相反地,在煞車被鬆開從而產生所想要之減小的止動電壓之後,切換元件M1被時脈控制(clocked)。因為被施行作為n通道MOSFETs之此種的切換元件M1比具有p通道(n通道在相同的導通電阻時允許更快速的切換)的切換元件更加有利,所以整個電路配置指的是24V之較高的正電位,而不是指0V電位,如同通常將會是此種情況者。
由切換元件Q3和Q4所組成的互補驅動器被用來驅動切換元件M1,互補驅動器依序被切換元件Q1所驅動,切換元件Q1被用作為位準移位器(level shifter),其將比較器U1的切換脈波v4(其係指24V)傳送至切換元件Q3,Q4(其係指0V)。因此,必須將電壓脈波供應給切換元件Q1,而該等電壓脈波最終用來以所需電壓隨時被施加於止動煞車B如此之方式來打開及關閉止動煞車B的切
換元件M1上游。
因此,在操作電壓UB被開啟之後,需要使全部的操作電壓保持被施加於止動煞車B持續一段時間期間,直到其已經可靠地被鬆開為止。為此目的,約1秒的時段已被證明為有效的。隨後,跨於止動煞車B上的電壓係要被調整到較低的止動電壓,其可例如為約操作電壓UB的一半。為此目的,切換元件M1必須被驅動於具有例如50%之占空因數的脈衝模式(pulsed mode)中。因此,這樣的脈波圖案必須被做成可供使用於切換元件Q1的輸入處。
此係使用比較器U1來予以完成,而比較器U1在其輸入處接收參考電壓v2。此參考電壓係經由齊納(Zener)二極體D6和電阻器R15而從操作電壓UB的上電位+24V來予以導出的,齊納(Zener)二極體D6使此參考電壓v2和供應操作電壓UB之線路上的可能壓降無關。這意謂著即使在電路配置之輸入處之操作電壓UB的些微減小也並不會導致參考電壓v2的減小。
從止動煞車B分接出的電壓v3被施加於比較器U1的第二輸入。因為該電路配置指的是上電位24V,所以此電壓v3從負端子-Vb被分接出,並且藉由由電阻器R4和R12所組成的分壓器而相對於參考電壓v2被適當地調整。方波訊號直接從端子-Vb被分接出,並且藉由平滑電容器C1而在比較器U1的輸入處被轉變成三角波電壓。
如果從止動煞車B分接出且被平滑化的電壓v3掉落至參考電壓v2以下,則比較器U1發出使切換元件Q1失
能的電壓v4。然後,藉由互補驅動器Q3,Q4而使切換元件M1失能;跨於止動煞車B上的電壓增加。除此之外,比較器U1的輸出訊號v4經由電阻器R2而被耦合回到參考電壓v2。照這樣,比較器U1回應電壓v3的增加而在該處關閉的閾值被稍微提高,使得切換遲滯被產生出。此遲滯的量值(magnitude)及因而比較器U1的切換頻率可被R2的選擇所影響。在1-10kHz的範圍中之切換頻率在此已被證明為有效的。藉由操作切換元件M1於此脈衝模式中,並且因為參考電壓v2係與供應操作電壓UB之線路上的損耗無關,所以有可能以界定良好(very defined)的形式且接近最有利點的方式來設定止動煞車B處的止動電壓,其中,止動煞車B仍保持被可靠地鬆開,但是沒有任何不需要功率耗散發生在煞車B的電磁體中。而且,當從較低的止動電壓開始該操作電壓被關閉時,煞車B更快速地重新嚙合。
然而,因為電路配置也必須確保起初該全部的操作電壓UB被施加於止動煞車B以便鬆開止動煞車B,所以起始電容器C8確保切換元件M1在操作電壓UB被施加之後的一段短的時間期間不被操作於脈衝模式中。這是因為馬上在操作電壓被施加之後,v3仍然低於v2。因此,比較器U1變為導通,並且經由切換元件M1而將全部的操作電壓UB供應給止動煞車B。結果,從止動煞車B於-Vb處分接出的電位也增加。然後,電流流到起始電容器C8並使其充電,v3維持在v2以下,直到此充電程序被完
成於約1秒之後;亦即,尚未有任何脈衝操作發生;切換元件M1維持永久關閉;止動煞車B被供應有全部的操作電壓UB,因而有可能以最快速的方式被鬆開。
僅當起始電容器C8被完全充電於此第一秒之後,v3增加至v2以上,並且上述的脈衝操作開始,跨於止動煞車B上的電壓現在被減小至止動電壓。
如所述者,一旦操作電壓UB被施加,切換元件M4即隨時是導通的,止動煞車B的上端子+Vb經由此切換元件M4而被連接至上電位24V。脈衝操作被切換元件M1所引發,其使止動煞車B的下端子-Vb連接至下電位0V。每一次M1被關閉時,續流(free-wheeling)經由續流二極體(free-wheeling diode)D1而發生。
當操作電壓被關閉時,希望使止動煞車B盡可能快地起作用一在幾秒之內。為此目的,由於止動煞車B中之電磁體的線圈之相對高的電感而主動地關閉續流路徑(free-wheeling path)係有利的,這經由切換元件M4而被完成,其僅係導通於當操作電壓UB被施加時,且因此關閉於當操作電壓UB被去除時。止動煞車B中所儲存的能量然後被熱散逸於抑制器二極體D4,其與切換元件M4並聯連接,此切換元件也被稱為“續流切換元件M4”。
在藉由關閉操作電壓UB來關閉止動煞車B的期間,放電二極體D2也被使用。此放電二極體使電容器等C1,尤其是C8放電,以便當止動煞車B在一段短的時間期間之後再次被鬆開時,電路配置的全部功能性將會再度可供
使用。在開啟操作電壓UB之後使起始電容器C8充電所需的時間,如上所述,對此而言係至關重要的。起始電容器C8上的殘餘電荷能夠縮短此時間,且因而使全部的操作電壓UB仍被施加於止動煞車B期間的時間縮短。
在電路配置的輸入處,可變電阻器R21增加對干擾脈波的電壓可靠性。與電容器C4一起,其使輸入電壓穩定。由於電路配置的時脈控制操作(clocked operation),將會希望C4具有盡可能高的電容。然而,電解電容器因為其不足夠的熱穩定性而無法被使用於此靠近馬達的位置處。反而是,使用陶瓷電容器。
作為用以使電路配置盡可能地堅固耐用的進一步措施,注意到比較器U1不受從24V到0V之低電阻連接所影響,R23和R16阻擋在供應電壓的迅速增加期間之高電流。
B‧‧‧止動煞車
UB‧‧‧操作電壓
U1‧‧‧比較器
R2,R4,R12,R15,R16,R23‧‧‧電阻器
D6‧‧‧齊納二極體
C1‧‧‧平滑電容器
C8‧‧‧啟始電容器
D2‧‧‧放電二極體
R21‧‧‧可變電阻器
C4‧‧‧電容器
Claims (10)
- 一種電路配置,用以將用來鬆開止動煞車(B)的操作電壓(UB),以及係相對於用來使止動煞車(B)保持在鬆開位置的該操作電壓而減小之電壓供應至電動馬達(M)的電磁式止動煞車(B),其中,從與該馬達(M)和該止動煞車(B)分開設置的高階控制系統(S)供應該操作電壓(UB),且其中,該電路配置係設置在該馬達(M)中或在該馬達(M)上或者係設置在該止動煞車(B)中或在該止動煞車(B)上,並且包含電壓調整器,該電壓調整器係適以在止動煞車(B)被鬆開後將該減小之電壓調整到固定值,而且與該操作電壓(UB)無關地這樣做。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之電路配置,其中,該電路配置包含比較器(U1),該比較器(U1)將參考電壓(v2)與自該止動煞車(B)而被分接出且做成經由分壓器(R4,R12)而可供使用的電壓(v3)做比較,並且該比較器(U1)係適以在其輸出處產生能夠控制切換元件(M1)之經脈波寬度調變的訊號(v4),而該操作電壓(UB)經由該切換元件(M1)以時脈控制方式被施加於該止動煞車(B),從而平均產生該止動電壓。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項之電路配置,其中,自該止動煞車(B)而被分接出的該電壓(v3)藉由平滑電容器(C1)而被轉變成三角波電壓。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項之電路配置,其中,該比較器(U1)的該輸出被耦合回到該參考電壓(v2)。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項之電路配置,其中,該參考電壓(v2)係經由齊納(Zener)二極體(D6)而自該操作電壓(UB)被導出。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項之電路配置,其中,該比較器(U1)在其用於該分接出的電壓(v3)的輸入處,以經脈波寬度調變的訊號(v4)未被發射於該比較器(U1)的該輸出處直到啟始電容器(C8)被充分充電為止如此之方式而被連接至該啟始電容器(C8),且其中,因此,起初在該操作電壓(UB)被施加於該電路配置之後以該全部的操作電壓(UB)供應該止動煞車(B);該啟始電容器(C8)被切割尺寸而使得充分充電所需要的時間足以鬆開該止動煞車(B)。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項之電路配置,其中,如果沒有操作電壓(UB)被施加於該電路配置,則放電二極體(D2)使該啟始電容器(C8)放電。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之電路配置,其中,該電路配置使用該操作電壓(UB)之較高電位(24V)做為該參考電位,且其中,該切換元件(M1)被組構為n通道MOSFET,其使該止動煞車(B)的負端子連接至該操作電壓(UB)的較低電位(0V)。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之電路配置,其中,當沒有操作電壓(UB)被施加於該電路配置時,續流切換元件(M4)阻擋續流電流經過該止動煞車(B)。
- 如申請專利範圍第9項之電路配置,其中,抑制器二極體(D4)與該續流切換元件(M4)並聯連接。
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CN106487282B (zh) | 2021-03-02 |
ES2910663T3 (es) | 2022-05-13 |
EP3142247A1 (de) | 2017-03-15 |
US20170063259A1 (en) | 2017-03-02 |
KR20170026117A (ko) | 2017-03-08 |
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