TW201601349A - 轉換磷光體 - Google Patents
轉換磷光體 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201601349A TW201601349A TW104116130A TW104116130A TW201601349A TW 201601349 A TW201601349 A TW 201601349A TW 104116130 A TW104116130 A TW 104116130A TW 104116130 A TW104116130 A TW 104116130A TW 201601349 A TW201601349 A TW 201601349A
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
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- VIDTVPHHDGRGAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenium sulfide Chemical compound [Se]=S VIDTVPHHDGRGAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadate(3-) Chemical class [O-][V]([O-])([O-])=O LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B21/00—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
- C01B21/082—Compounds containing nitrogen and non-metals and optionally metals
- C01B21/0821—Oxynitrides of metals, boron or silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/58—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides
- C04B35/597—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on silicon oxynitride, e.g. SIALONS
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
- C04B35/6261—Milling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
- C04B35/62645—Thermal treatment of powders or mixtures thereof other than sintering
- C04B35/6265—Thermal treatment of powders or mixtures thereof other than sintering involving reduction or oxidation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
- C09K11/0883—Arsenides; Nitrides; Phosphides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
- C09K11/77—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals
- C09K11/7783—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals containing two or more rare earth metals one of which being europium
- C09K11/77928—Silicon Aluminium Nitrides or Silicon Aluminium Oxynitrides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
- C09K11/77—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals
- C09K11/7783—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals containing two or more rare earth metals one of which being europium
- C09K11/7793—Germanates
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
本發明係關於式I化合物,MIMII3 MIII3MIV3N2O12:Eu I
其中MI、MII、MIII及MIV具有如技術方案1中給出之含義中之一者,係關於其製備方法、該等化合物作為轉換磷光體或於發射-轉換材料中之用途、該等磷光體於電子及電光裝置(例如發光二極體(LED)及太陽能電池)中之用途,且尤其係關於包含該等磷光體中之至少一者之照明單元。
Description
本發明係關於式I化合物,MIMII 3 MIII 3MIV 3N2O12:Eu I
其中MI、MII、MIII及MIV具有如技術方案1中給出之含義中之一者,係關於其製備方法、該等化合物作為轉換磷光體或於發射-轉換材料中之用途、該等磷光體於電子及電光裝置(例如發光二極體(LED)及太陽能電池)中之用途,且尤其係關於包含該等磷光體中之至少一者之照明單元。
白光發射二極體(LED)展現高效率、長壽命、較小環境影響、不存在汞、短反應時間、於各種大小之最終產物中之應用及許多更有利之性質。其作為背光源用於液晶顯示器、電腦筆記本電腦監測器、手機螢幕及一般照明中愈來愈受關注。
藉由組合紅色、綠色及藍色發射磷光體與一次光源(例如近UV LED,其通常發射波長介於280nm至400nm範圍內之光),可獲得具有良好發光強度及優越白色發射之三色白色LED。
通常,首先將紅色、綠色及藍色發射磷光體混合於適宜樹脂中。其後,在UV-LED晶片或近UV-LED晶片上提供所得凝膠,且最後藉由UV輻照、退火或類似過程硬化。為了在自所有角度觀看晶片時觀察均勻之白色,樹脂中之磷光體混合物應儘可能均勻分散。然
而,由於磷光體之不同粒度、形狀及/或其於樹脂中之密度,仍難以獲得不同磷光體於樹脂中之均勻分佈。因此,有利地使用少於三種磷光體。
然而,即使藉由使用兩種磷光體之混合物以產生使用UV或近UV-LED之白色LED,仍難以如所需一樣均勻地混合於樹脂中具有不同大小、粒子形狀及密度之磷光體。此外,磷光體不應由位於可見範圍內之波長激發。舉例而言,若綠色磷光體之發射光譜與紅色磷光體之激發光譜重疊,則色彩調諧變得困難。另外,若使用兩種或更多種磷光體之混合物以產生使用藍色發射LED作為一次光源之白色LED,則每一磷光體之激發波長應與LED之藍色發射波長足夠重疊。
如專家已知,白色LED亦可藉由向藍光發射LED添加紅色發射磷光體來獲得。該等應用中適宜且常用之黃色磷光體係由Ce3+活化之釔鋁石榴石Y3Al5O12:Ce3+(YAG:Ce)且闡述於(例如)S.Nakamura,G.Fasol,「The Blue Laser Diode」,(1997),第343頁中。
表明一些原矽酸鹽M2SiO4:Eu2+(M=Ca、Sr、Ba)亦用作黃色-橙色發射體,如(例如)G.Blasse等人,Philips Res.Rep.,23(1968)189中所揭示。
此外,可利用經二價銪或三價鈰離子摻雜之各種氮化物及氧基-氮化物(例如M2Si5N8:Eu2+(M=Sr、Ba)),如(例如)H.A.Höppe、H.Lutz、P.Morys、W.Schnick、A.Seilmeier、J.Phys.Chem.Solids 61(2000)2001中所述。
然而,上文所提及之材料遭受以下事實困擾:所覆蓋光譜區不足以產生暖白光。
因此,仍存在改良空間且現代發光材料較佳應展現以下性質中之一或多者:- 高演色性指數(CRI),
- VIS光範圍內、尤其光譜之紅色範圍內之寬發射帶,- 由藍光或近UV發射一次光源之有效激發,- 寬激發帶,- 高量子產率,- 高相純度,- 在使用之延長時段內高效率,- 較佳針對濕度或水份之高化學穩定性,- 高熱淬滅抗性,及- 可藉由成本有效且尤其適於大量產生方法之產生方法獲得。
鑒於所引用先前技術及上文提及之對現代發光材料之要求,業內仍迫切需要較佳不展現先前技術之有用磷光體之缺點或即使展現亦程度較小之替代材料。
令人驚訝的是,本發明者已發現本發明之磷光體代表先前技術之已知磷光體之優良替代物,且較佳改良上文提及之要求中之一或多者,或更佳同時滿足上文提及之所有要求。
除其他有益性質外,本發明之磷光體在由藍色或近UV輻射激發後展現VIS光之範圍內、通常約400nm至約750nm之範圍內、較佳介於約425nm至約725nm之範圍內之寬發射峰。此外,其展現高熱淬滅抗性,具有高化學穩定性、高量子效率及高演色性質,尤其在用於LED中時。
因此,本發明係關於式I化合物,MIMII 3 MIII 3MIV 3N2O12:Eu I
其中MI 表示一或多種選自Y、La、Gd及Lu之元素,較佳為La,MII 表示一或多種選自以下之群之元素:Be、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba
及Zn,較佳地Mg、Ca、Sr及Ba,MIII 表示一或多種選自以下之群之元素:B、Al、及Ga,較佳為Al,MIV 表示一或多種選自Si及Ge之元素。
本發明進一步係關於:- 本發明化合物之產生方法,- 該等化合物作為轉換磷光體之用途,即將藍色或近UV輻射之全部或一些部分轉換成較長波長,- 包含至少一種之本發明化合物之混合物,及- 本發明之化合物或包含本發明之化合物之混合物的用途,其用於電子及/或電光裝置(例如發光二極體(LED)及太陽能電池)中,- 包含至少一種本發明之化合物之電子及/或電裝置,例如發光二極體(LED)及太陽能電池,及尤其- 包含至少一種本發明之化合物之照明單元。
圖1顯示LaBaCa2Al3Si3N2O12:Eu之XRD圖案(藉由波長CuKα量測)。
圖2顯示LaBaCa2Al3Si3N2O12:Eu、LaBaMg2Al3Si3N2O12:Eu及LaBaCa2Al3Si2GeN2O12:Eu在用390nm波長下之輻射激發後之發射光譜。
圖3顯示對於550nm之發射波長之LaBaCa2Al3Si3N2O12:Eu之激發光譜。
圖4顯示395nm下近UV LED發射一次光源中之LaBaMg2Al3Si3N2O12:Eu的實例性LED光譜。
圖5顯示395nm下近UV LED發射一次光源中LaBaMg2Al3Si2GeN2O12:Eu之實例性LED光譜。
端視如下文更詳細闡述之起始材料之合成條件及組成而定,本發明之化合物除Eu2+外亦可包含一定量之Eu3+。
然而,同樣較佳地,本發明之化合物僅由Eu2+活化。因此,式I化合物較佳係選自式II化合物之群,MIMII 3 MIII 3MIV 3N2O12:Eu2+ II
其中MI、MII、MIII及MIV具有如式I中給出之含義中之一者。
更佳地,式I及II化合物係選自式III化合物之群,MIMII 3-x MIII 3MIV 3N2O12:Eu2+ x III
其中MI、MII、MIII及MIV具有如式II中給出之相同含義,且0<x<3,較佳0<x2,更佳0<x1,尤其0<x0.5,具體而言0<x0.3。
更佳之式I或II化合物係選自式III化合物之群,其中MIV表示(Ge1-ySiy)且其中0y1,較佳其中y表示(例如)0、1/3、2/3或1,MI MII 3-x MIII 3Si3N2O12:Eu2+ x IIIa
MI MII 3-x MIII 3Si2GeN2O12:Eu2+ x IIIb
MI MII 3-x MIII 3Ge2SiN2O12:Eu2+ x IIIc
MI MII 3-x MIII 3Ge3N2O12:Eu2+ x IIId
其中,MI、MII、MIII及x具有如式III中給出之相同含義。
在另一較佳實施例中,本發明之化合物係選自式I或其子式之化合物之群,其中MIII表示Al。
此外,較佳者係選自式I或其子式之化合物之群之化合物,其中MI表示La。
更佳地,本發明之化合物係選自以下子式之化合物之群,La MII 3-x Al3Si3N2O12:Eu2+ x IVa
La MII 3-x Al3Si2GeN2O12:Eu2+ x IVb
La MII 3-x Al3Ge2SiN2O12:Eu2+ x IVc
La MII 3-x Al3Ge3N2O12:Eu2+ x IVd
其中,MII及x具有如式III中給出之含義中之一者。
在另一較佳實施例中,本發明之化合物係選自式I或其子式之化合物之群,其中MII表示(Ba1-zEAz),其中0z1,且EA表示至少一種選自(例如)Mg、Ca及Sr之元素,La(Ba1-zMgz)3-x Al3Si3N2O12:Eu2+ x Va
La(Ba1-zMgz)3-x Al3Si2GeN2O12:Eu2+ x Vb
La(Ba1-zMgz)3-x Al3Ge2SiN2O12:Eu2+ x Vc
La(Ba1-zMgz)3-x Al3Ge3N2O12:Eu2+ x Vd
La(Ba1-zCaz)3-x Al3Si3N2O12:Eu2+ x Ve
La(Ba1-zCaz)3-x Al3Si2GeN2O12:Eu2+ x Vf
La(Ba1-zCaz)3-x Al3Ge2SiN2O12:Eu2+ x Vg
La(Ba1-zCaz)3-x Al3Ge3N2O12:Eu2+ x Vh
La(Ba1-zSrz)3-x Al3Si3N2O12:Eu2+ x Vi
La(Ba1-zSrz)3-x Al3Si2GeN2O12:Eu2+ x Vj
La(Ba1-zSrz)3-x Al3Ge2SiN2O12:Eu2+ x Vk
La(Ba1-zSrz)3-x Al3Ge3N2O12:Eu2+ x Vm
其中0z1,較佳z表示1/3或2/3,且更佳z表示2/3,且0<x<3。
通常,本發明之化合物可由發射介於約300nm至約500nm、較佳約300nm至約400nm範圍內之波長之輻射的人工或天然輻射源激發。
本發明之化合物在由適宜初級輻射源激發時通常發射具有介於約400nm至約750nm、較佳約425nm至約725nm範圍內之波長之輻射。
因此,本發明之化合物尤其適於將具有介於約300nm至約500nm之範圍內之波長之輻射、較佳具有介於約300nm至約400nm之範圍內之波長之輻射之全部或至少一些部分轉換成具有較長波長之輻射,較佳轉換成具有介於約425nm至約750nm之範圍內之波長之輻射,更佳轉換成具有介於約450nm至約725nm之範圍內之波長之輻射。
在本申請案之上下文中,除非另外明確說明,否則術語「UV輻射」具有波長介於約100nm至約400nm範圍內之電磁輻射之含義。
另外,除非另外明確說明,否則術語「近UV輻射」具有波長介於約280nm至約400nm範圍內之UV輻射之範圍內之電磁輻射之含義。
此外,除非另外明確說明,否則術語「VIS光或VIS光區」具有波長介於約400nm至約750nm範圍內之電磁輻射之含義。
術語「藍色輻射」係指介於400nm與500nm之間之波長。
在此上下文中,本發明係關於式I或其子式之化合物之用途,其用作轉換磷光體或簡略「磷光體」。
術語「轉換磷光體」及術語「磷光體」以相同方式用於本申請案中。
適宜人工「輻射源」或「一次光源」為專家普遍已知且將在下文中更詳細解釋。
在本申請案之上下文中,術語「天然輻射源」意指太陽輻照或日光。
較佳地,輻射源之發射光譜及本發明之化合物之吸收光譜重疊
超過10面積%、較佳超過30面積%、更佳超過60面積%且最佳超過90面積%。
術語「吸收」意指材料之吸光度,其對應於落在材料上之輻射對透射穿過材料之輻射之對數比。
術語「發射」意指因原子及分子中之電子躍遷之電磁波之發射。
藉由改變關於參數MII之組成之式I或其子式之化合物之組成,可特別改變發射性質。舉例而言,由Mg取代Ba產生具有較短波長之發射,而由Ca取代Ba產生具有較長波長之發射。
本發明之化合物在VIS光區中較佳展現至少一個具有至少50nm或更大、較佳75nm或更大、更佳100nm或更大且最佳至少125nm或更大之FWHM之發射峰。
半高全寬(FWHM)係常用於闡述曲線或函數上之「峰」之寬度之參數。其係藉由函數達到其最大值之一半時曲線上之點之間的距離給出。
如熟習此項技術者已知,磷光體之量子效率隨著磷光體大小減小而減小。較佳地,磷光體展現至少80%、更佳至少90%之量子效率,且適宜磷光體粒子之粒度通常介於約50nm至約100μm、更佳約50nm至約50μm且甚至更佳約50nm至約25μm之範圍內。
粒度可藉由其直徑明確且定量地定義。其可藉由熟習此項技術者已知之方法(例如,動態光散射或靜態光散射)測定。
LED應用中之工作溫度通常係約150℃。較佳地,本發明之化合物展現高達約100℃或更大、更佳高達約150℃或更大且甚至更佳高達約200℃或更大之高熱淬滅抗性。
術語「熱淬滅抗性」意指與25℃下之初始強度相比,較高溫度下之發射強度減小。
本發明化合物之特徵尤其在於其高化學穩定性。因此,式I或其子式之化合物較佳抵抗氧化及水解。
根據本發明,式I化合物可以純物質或混合物形式存在。
因此,本發明亦係關於包含至少兩種如上文所定義之式I化合物之混合物,較佳地其中至少一種化合物由Eu3+活化且另一化合物由Eu2+活化。
根據本發明較佳地,包含Eu3+之式I化合物係製備式II化合物之副產物且對於此不會不利地影響式II化合物之應用相關光學性質。
式II化合物通常係以30重量%至95重量%範圍內、較佳50重量%至90重量%範圍內且尤佳60重量%至88重量%範圍內之以重量計之比例存於該等混合物中。
本發明亦係關於式I化合物之合成方法,其至少包含以下步驟:a)混合選自二元氮化物、鹵化物、碳酸鹽及氧化物或其相應反應形式之適宜起始材料,及b)在還原條件下熱處理步驟a)之混合物。
用於本發明之化合物之製備之起始材料有市售且用於本發明之化合物之製備之適宜方法可概述為固態擴散製程。
在本申請案之上下文中,術語「固態擴散製程」係指任何混合及燃燒方法或固相方法,其包含混合適宜起始材料及在還原條件下熱處理混合物之步驟。
在用於本發明磷光體之製備之本發明製程中,在步驟a)中混合選自二元氮化物、鹵化物及氧化物或其相應反應形式之適宜起始材料,且在步驟b)中在還原條件下熱處理混合物。
在上文提及之熱處理中,對於此較佳在還原條件下至少部分實施。
在步驟b)中,該反應通常係在高於800℃之溫度下、較佳高於
1000℃且尤佳在1000℃至1400℃範圍內之溫度下實施。
使用(例如)氨、一氧化碳、形成氣體或氫或至少真空或氧缺乏氣氛、較佳在氮流中、較佳在N2/H2流中且尤佳在N2/H2/NH3流中確立此處之還原條件。
若意欲製備呈純形式之式I化合物,則此可經由起始材料化學計量之精確控制或藉由式I化合物之晶體之機械分離來實施。
分離可經由(例如)不同密度、粒子形狀或粒度藉由彼等熟習此項技術者已知之分離方法來實施。
較佳地,該製程包含步驟:a)以預定莫耳比混合至少一種含有Eu之鹽;一或多種包含至少一種選自Be、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba及Zn之元素之鹽;一或多種包含至少一種選自B、Al及Ga之元素之鹽;一或多種包含至少一種選自Si及Ge之化合物,例如SiO2或GeO2;Si3N4或Ge3N4;及一或多種包含至少一種選自Y、La、Gd及Lu之元素之鹽;b)在還原氣氛下在700℃至1500℃之溫度範圍內對混合物實施熱處理。
該製程中亦可使用熔劑。適宜熔劑通常係選自廣泛接受且使用之助熔劑,其典型量對於本發明之製程中之助熔劑接受。較佳熔劑係選自以下之群:相應氟化物、鹵化物、溴化物、碘化物、硫酸鹽、碳酸鹽及/或氧化物、以及以任何比率及任一組合之該等熔劑之組合。
在更佳實施例中,所用磷光體具有連續表面塗層,其包含SiO2、TiO2、Al2O3、ZnO、ZrO2、Y2O3、B2O3 BN、AlxSiyOz、Al2Si4O10(OH)2)及/或MgO或其混合氧化物且較佳由其組成。此表面塗
層之優點在於經由塗層材料之折射率之適宜分級,折射率可與環境匹配。在此情形中,磷光體表面處光之散射減少且較大比例之光可穿透進入磷光體並於其中被吸收且轉換。另外,由於全內反射減少,折射率匹配之表面塗層使得更多光自磷光體射出。
另外,若必須囊封磷光體,則連續層係有利的。為抗衡磷光體或其部分對擴散水或直接環境中之其他材料之敏感性,此可為必需的。用密閉殼囊封之又一原因係實際磷光體自晶片中生成之熱解耦。此熱可降低磷光體之螢光產率且亦可影響螢光之顏色。最後,此類型之塗層藉由防止磷光體中自傳播至環境產生之晶格振動使得能夠增加磷光體之效率。
另外,較佳地,所用磷光體具有多孔表面塗層,其包含SiO2、TiO2、Al2O3、ZnO、ZrO2及/或Y2O3或其混合氧化物且較佳由其組成或具有磷光體組成。該等多孔塗層提供進一步降低單一層之折射率之可能性。此類型之多孔塗層可藉由三種習用方法產生,如(例如)WO 03/027015(其全部範疇以引用方式併入本申請案之上下文中)中所述:玻璃(例如鈉鈣玻璃(參見US 4019884))之蝕刻、多孔層之應用及多孔層與蝕刻操作之組合。
在更佳實施例中,所用磷光體具有攜載促進化學鍵結至較佳由環氧或聚矽氧樹脂組成之環境之官能基的表面。該等官能基可為(例如)經由側氧基鍵結且能夠與基於環氧化物及/或聚矽氧之黏合劑之成份形成鏈接的酯或其他衍生物。此類型之表面之優點在於促進磷光體均勻地納入黏合劑中。另外,由此可將磷光體/黏合劑系統之流變特性亦及適用期調節至某一程度。因此簡化混合物之處理。
由於施加至LED晶片之本發明之磷光體層較佳由聚矽氧及均勻磷光體粒子之混合物(其係藉由體澆注施加)組成,且聚矽氧具有表面張力,故此磷光體層於顯微級下並不均勻或該層之厚度並不始終恆定。
若磷光體並非藉由體澆注製程施加,而是相反以所謂晶片級轉換製程(其中高度濃縮之薄磷光體層藉助靜電方法直接施加至晶片表面)施加,則此通常如此。
藉助上文提及之製程,可產生磷光體粒子之任何期望外部形狀,例如球形粒子、薄片及結構化材料及陶瓷。
作為更佳實施例之薄片形式磷光體之製備係藉由習用製程自相應金屬鹽及/或稀土鹽實施。製備製程詳細闡述於EP 763573及DE 102006054331中,其全部範疇以引用方式併入本申請案之上下文中。
該等薄片形式磷光體可藉由藉由水性分散液或懸浮液中之沈澱反應用磷光體層塗佈天然或合成製備之高度穩定載體或基材(包含例如雲母、SiO2、Al2O3、ZrO2、玻璃或TiO2薄片,其具有極大縱橫比、原子級平滑表面及可調節之厚度)來製備。除雲母、ZrO2、SiO2、Al2O3、玻璃或TiO2或其混合物外,薄片亦可由磷光體材料自身組成或自一種材料構建。若薄片自身僅用作磷光體塗層之載體,則磷光體塗層必須由對LED之初級輻射透明、或吸收初級輻射且將此能量轉移至磷光體層之材料組成。薄片形式磷光體分散於樹脂(例如聚矽氧或環氧樹脂)中,且將此分散液施加至LED晶片。薄片形式磷光體可以50nm至約20μm、較佳介於150nm與5μm之間之厚度以大型工業規模製備。此處之直徑係50nm至20μm。
其通常具有1:1至400:1且具體而言3:1至100:1之縱橫比(直徑對粒子厚度之比率)。
薄片尺寸(長度×寬度)取決於配置。薄片亦適於作為轉換層內散射之中心,具體而言若其具有尤其小之尺寸。
本發明之薄片形式磷光體面向LED晶片之表面可提供有關於由LED晶片發射之初級輻射具有抗反射作用的塗層。此可降低初級輻射之背散射,從而使得該初級輻射更好地射入本發明之磷光體本體中。
例如,匹配折射率之塗層(其必須具有以下厚度d:d=[LED晶片之初級輻射之波長/(4*磷光體陶瓷之折射率)]適於此目的,參見(例如)Gerthsen,Physik[Physics],Springer Verlag,第18版,1995。此塗層亦可由光子晶體組成,其亦包括薄片形式磷光體表面之結構化以獲得某些功能。
呈陶瓷本體形式之本發明之磷光體之產生係類似於DE 102006037730(Merck)(其全部範疇以引用方式併入本申請案之上下文中)中所述之製程來實施。在此製程中,磷光體係藉由濕式化學方法藉由混合相應起始材料及摻雜劑,隨後經受等靜壓並以均質、薄且無孔薄片形式直接施加至晶片表面來製備。因此,磷光體之激發及發射不存在位置依賴性變化,此意味著與其一起提供之LED發射恆定色彩之均勻光錐且具有高光輸出。陶瓷磷光體本體可以大型工業規模以(例如)幾百奈米至約500μm之厚度之薄片形式來產生。薄片尺寸(長度×寬度)取決於配置。在直接施加至晶片之情形下,薄片之大小應根據晶片尺寸(約100μm * 100μm至數平方毫米)來選擇,且在適宜晶片配置(例如倒裝晶片配置)下超過晶片表面大小的約10%至30%,或具有相應大小。若將磷光體薄片安裝在成品LED上方,則整個射出光錐穿過該薄片。
陶瓷磷光體本體之側表面可經輕金屬或貴金屬、較佳鋁或銀塗佈。金屬塗層具有使光不會自磷光體本體側面離開之效應。自側面離開之光可降低LED之耦出光通量。陶瓷磷光體本體之金屬塗佈係在等靜壓以獲得棒或薄片之後之製程步驟中實施,其中可視情況在金屬塗佈之前將該等棒或薄片切割成所需大小。為此,用(例如)包含硝酸銀及葡萄糖之溶液潤濕側表面,且隨後使其在高溫下暴露於氨氛圍中。在該製程中在側表面上形成(例如)銀塗層。
另一選擇為,無電流金屬化製程亦適宜,例如,參見Hollemann-
Wiberg,Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie[Textbook of Inorganic Chemistry],Walter de Gruyter Verlag或Ullmanns Enzyklopädie der chemischen Technologie[Ullmann's Encyclopaedia of Chemical Technology]。
若需要,可使用水-玻璃溶液將陶瓷磷光體本體固定至LED晶片之底板。
在又一實施例中,陶瓷磷光體本體在LED晶片之相對側上具有結構化(例如椎狀)表面。此使得能夠自磷光體本體射出儘可能多之光。磷光體本體上之結構化表面係藉由使用具有結構化壓力板之壓縮模具實施等靜壓且由此將結構壓印至該表面中來產生。若目的係產儘可能最薄的磷光體本體或薄片,則結構化表面係合意的。壓製條件為熟習此項技術者已知(參見J.Kriegsmann,Technische keramische Werkstoffe[Industrial Ceramic Materials],第4章,Deutscher Wirtschaftsdienst,1998)。重要的是,所使用之壓製溫度為欲壓製物質熔點之2/3至5/6。
本發明之磷光體具有良好LED品質。
在本申請案之上下文中,LED品質係藉由通常已知之參數(例如演色性指數(CRI)、相關色溫(CCT)、流明當量或絕對流明及CIE x及y坐標中之色點)來測定。
如專家已知之演色性指數(CRI)係無單位光度大小,其根據技術報告CIE 13.3-1995比較人工光源之色彩保真度與參照光源之色彩保真度(參照光源展現100之CRI)。
如專家已知之相關色溫(CCT)係具有單位開爾文(Kelvin)之光度變量。數目愈高,則光之藍色組份愈大且人工光源之白光似乎對觀察者愈冷。CCT符合黑光藍燈之概念,該色溫闡述CIE色度圖中之所謂普朗克軌跡(Planckian locus)。
如專家已知之流明當量係具有單位lm/W之光度變量。流明當量闡述於1W之具體輻射測量輻射功率下光源之光度光通量的大小。給定輻射測量輻射功率下之流明當量愈高,與相同輻射測量輻射功率但具有較低流明當量值之另一光源相比,此光源似乎對人類觀察者愈明亮。
如專家已知之流明係光度變量,其闡述光源之光通量,其係由VIS區(波長介於約380nm至約800nm範圍內之廣)中之光源發射之總輻射的量度,其係由不同波長下人類眼睛之敏感度加權。光輸出愈大,則光源似乎對觀察者愈明亮。
CIE x及CIE y係CIE色度圖之坐標(此處1931 2°-標準觀察者),其闡述光源之色彩。
所有上述變量皆可自光源之發射光譜藉由專家已知之方法計算。
在用於pc-LED中時,本發明之磷光體顯示尤其有利之轉換效率之值。
術語「轉換效率」係指pc-LED(具有磷光體層之LED-模具)之輻射測量通量Φpc-LED除以上文所提及之無磷光體層之LED-模具之輻射測量通量ΦLED-模具之商乘以100%:Φpc-LED/ΦLED-模具×100%。轉換效率愈高,則磷光體層之光轉換愈好且磷光體層中由於光轉換過程之損失愈低。
本發明之磷光體可如所獲得使用或與其他磷光體混合使用。因此,本發明亦係關於包含一或多種本發明之化合物及一或多種具有另一化學組成之磷光體的發射-轉換材料。
適於本發明之混合物或發射-轉換材料之磷光體係例如:Ba2SiO4:Eu2+、BaSi2O5:Pb2+、BaxSr1-xF2:Eu2+、BaSrMgSi2O7:Eu2+、BaTiP2O7、(Ba,Ti)2P2O7:Ti、Ba3WO6:U、BaY2F8:Er3+,Yb+、
Be2SiO4:Mn2+、Bi4Ge3O12、CaAl2O4:Ce3+、CaLa4O7:Ce3+、CaAl2O4:Eu2+、CaAl2O4:Mn2+、CaAl4O7:Pb2+,Mn2+、CaAl2O4:Tb3+、Ca3Al2Si3O12:Ce3+、Ca3Al2Si3Oi2:Ce3+、Ca3Al2Si3O,2:Eu2+、Ca2B5O9Br:Eu2+、Ca2B5O9Cl:Eu2+、Ca2B5O9Cl:Pb2+、CaB2O4:Mn2+、Ca2B2O5:Mn2+、CaB2O4:Pb2+、CaB2P2O9:Eu2+、Ca5B2SiO10:Eu3+、Ca0.5Ba0.5Al12O19:Ce3+,Mn2+、Ca2Ba3(PO4)3Cl:Eu2+、SiO2中之CaBr2:Eu2+、SiO2中之CaCl2:Eu2+、SiO2中之CaCl2:Eu2+,Mn2+、CaF2:Ce3+、CaF2:Ce3+,Mn2+、CaF2:Ce3+,Tb3+、CaF2:Eu2+、CaF2:Mn2+、CaF2:U、CaGa2O4:Mn2+、CaGa4O7:Mn2+、CaGa2S4:Ce3+、CaGa2S4:Eu2+、CaGa2S4:Mn2+、CaGa2S4:Pb2+、CaGeO3:Mn2+、SiO2中之CaI2:Eu2+、SiO2中之CaI2:Eu2+,Mn2+、CaLaBO4:Eu3+、CaLaB3O7:Ce3+,Mn2+、Ca2La2BO6.5:Pb2+、Ca2MgSi2O7、Ca2MgSi2O7:Ce3+、CaMgSi2O6:Eu2+、Ca3MgSi2O8:Eu2+、Ca2MgSi2O7:Eu2+、CaMgSi2O6:Eu2+,Mn2+、Ca2MgSi2O7:Eu2+,Mn2+、CaMoO4、CaMoO4:Eu3+、CaO:Bi3+、CaO:Cd2+、CaO:Cu+、CaO:Eu3+、CaO:Eu3+、Na+、CaO:Mn2+、CaO:Pb2+、CaO:Sb3+、CaO:Sm3+、CaO:Tb3+、CaO:Tl、CaO:Zn2+、Ca2P2O7:Ce3+、α-Ca3(PO4)2:Ce3+、β-Ca3(PO4)2:Ce3+、Ca5(PO4)3Cl:Eu2+、Ca5(PO4)3Cl:Mn2+、Ca5(PO4)3Cl:Sb3+、Ca5(PO4)3Cl:Sn2+、β-Ca3(PO4)2:Eu2+,Mn2+、Ca5(PO4)3F:Mn2+、Cas(PO4)3F:Sb3+、Cas(PO4)3F:Sn2+、α-Ca3(PO4)2:Eu2+、β-Ca3(PO4)2:Eu2+、Ca2P2O7:Eu2+、Ca2P2O7:Eu2+,Mn2+、CaP2O6:Mn2+、α-Ca3(PO4)2:Pb2+、α-Ca3(PO4)2:Sn2+、β-Ca3(PO4)2:Sn2+、β-Ca2P2O7:Sn,Mn、α-Ca3(PO4)2:Tr、CaS:Bi3+、CaS:Bi3+,Na、CaS:Ce3+、CaS:Eu2+、CaS:Cu+,Na+、CaS:La3+、CaS:Mn2+、CaSO4:Bi、CaSO4:Ce3+、CaSO4:Ce3+,Mn2+、CaSO4:Eu2+、CaSO4:Eu2+,Mn2+、CaSO4:Pb2+、
CaS:Pb2+、CaS:Pb2+,Cl、CaS:Pb2+,Mn2+、CaS:Pr3+,Pb2+,Cl、CaS:Sb3+、CaS:Sb3+,Na、CaS:Sm3+、CaS:Sn2+、CaS:Sn2+,F、CaS:Tb3+、CaS:Tb3+,Cl、CaS:Y3+、CaS:Yb2+、CaS:Yb2+,Cl、CaSiO3:Ce3+、Ca3SiO4Cl2:Eu2+、Ca3SiO4Cl2:Pb2+、CaSiO3:Eu2+、CaSiO3:Mn2+,Pb、CaSiO3:Pb2+、CaSiO3:Pb2+,Mn2+、CaSiO3:Ti4+、CaSr2(PO4)2:Bi3+、β-(Ca,Sr)3(PO4)2:Sn2+Mn2+、CaTi0.9Al0.1O3:Bi3+、CaTiO3:Eu3+、CaTiO3:Pr3+、Ca5(VO4)3Cl、CaWO4、CaWO4:Pb2+、CaWO4:W、Ca3WO6:U、CaYAlO4:Eu3+、CaYBO4:Bi3+、CaYBO4:Eu3+、CaYB0.8O3.7:Eu3+、CaY2ZrO6:Eu3+、(Ca,Zn,Mg)3(PO4)2:Sn、CeF3、(Ce,Mg)BaAl11O18:Ce、(Ce,Mg)SrAl11O18:Ce、CeMgAl11O19:Ce:Tb、Cd2B6O11:Mn2+、CdS:Ag+,Cr、CdS:In、CdS:In、CdS:In,Te、CdS:Te、CdWO4、CsF、CsI、CsI:Na+、CsI:Tl、(ErCl3)0.25(BaCl2)0.75、GaN:Zn、Gd3Ga5O12:Cr3+、Gd3Ga5O12:Cr,Ce、GdNbO4:Bi3+、Gd2O2S:Eu3+、Gd2O2Pr3+、Gd2O2S:Pr,Ce,F、Gd2O2S:Tb3+、Gd2SiO5:Ce3+、KAI11O17:Tl+、KGa11O17:Mn2+、K2La2Ti3O10:Eu、KMgF3:Eu2+、KMgF3:Mn2+、K2SiF6:Mn4+、LaAl3B4O12:Eu3+、LaAlB2O6:Eu3+、LaAlO3:Eu3+、LaAlO3:Sm3+、LaAsO4:Eu3+、LaBr3:Ce3+、LaBO3:Eu3+、(La,Ce,Tb)PO4:Ce:Tb、LaCl3:Ce3+、La2O3:Bi3+、LaOBr:Tb3+、LaOBr:Tm3+、LaOCl:Bi3+、LaOCl:Eu3+、LaOF:Eu3+、La2O3:Eu3+、Ia2O3:Pr3+、La2O2S:Tb3+、LaPO4:Ce3+、LaPO4:Eu3+、LaSiO3Cl:Ce3+、LaSiO3Cl:Ce3+,Tb3+、LaVO4:Eu3+、La2W3O12:Eu3+、LiAlF4:Mn2+、LiAl5O8:Fe3+、LiAlO2:Fe3+、LiAlO2:Mn2+、LiAl5O8:Mn2+、Li2CaP2O7:Ce3+,Mn2+、LiCeBa4Si4O14:Mn2+、LiCeSrBa3Si4O14:Mn2+、LiInO2:Eu3+、LiInO2:Sm3+、LiLaO2:Eu3+、LuAlO3:Ce3+、(Lu,Gd)2SiO5:Ce3+、Lu2SiO5:Ce3+、Lu2Si2O7:Ce3+、
LuTaO4:Nb5+、Lu1-xYxAlO3:Ce3+、MgAl2O4:Mn2+、MgSrAl10O17:Ce、MgB2O4:Mn2+、MgBa2(PO4)2:Sn2+、MgBa2(PO4)2:U、MgBaP2O7:Eu2+、MgBaP2O7:Eu2+,Mn2+、MgBa3Si2O8:Eu2+、MgBa(SO4)2:Eu2+、Mg3Ca3(PO4)4:Eu2+、MgCaP2O7:Mn2+、Mg2Ca(SO4)3:Eu2+、Mg2Ca(SO4)3:Eu2+,Mn2、MgCeAlnO19:Tb3+、Mg4(F)GeO6:Mn2+、Mg4(F)(Ge,Sn)O6:Mn2+、MgF2:Mn2+、MgGa2O4:Mn2+、Mg8Ge2O11F2:Mn4+、MgS:Eu2+、MgSiO3:Mn2+、Mg2SiO4:Mn2+、Mg3SiO3F4:Ti4+、MgSO4:Eu2+、MgSO4:Pb2+、MgSrBa2Si2O7:Eu2+、MgSrP2O7:Eu2+、MgSr5(PO4)4:Sn2+、MgSr3Si2O8:Eu2+,Mn2+、Mg2Sr(SO4)3:Eu2+、Mg2TiO4:Mn4+、MgWO4、MgYBO4:Eu3+、Na3Ce(PO4)2:Tb3+、NaI:TI、Na1.23K0.42Eu0.12TiSi4O11:Eu3+、Na1.23K0.42Eu0.12TiSi5O13、xH2O:Eu3+、Na1.29K0.46Er0.08TiSi4O11:Eu3+、Na2Mg3Al2Si2O10:Tb、Na(Mg2-xMnx)LiSi4O10F2:Mn、NaYF4:Er3+,Yb3+、NaYO2:Eu3+、P46(70%)+P47(30%)、SrAl12O19:Ce3+,Mn2+、SrAl2O4:Eu2+、SrAl4O7:Eu3+、SrAl12O19:Eu2+、SrAl2S4:Eu2+、Sr2B5O9Cl:Eu2+、SrB4O7:Eu2+(F,Cl,Br)、SrB4O7:Pb2+、SrB4O7:Pb2+,Mn2+、SrB8O13:Sm2+、SrxBayClzAl2O4-z/2:Mn2+、Ce3+、SrBaSiO4:Eu2+、SiO2中之Sr(Cl,Br,I)2:Eu2+、SiO2中之SrCl2:Eu2+、Sr5Cl(PO4)3:Eu、SrwFxB4O6.5:Eu2+、SrwFxByOz:Eu2+,Sm2+、SrF2:Eu2+、SrGa12O19:Mn2+、SrGa2S4:Ce3+、SrGa2S4:Eu2+、SrGa2S4:Pb2+、SrIn2O4:Pr3+,Al3+、(Sr,Mg)3(PO4)2:Sn、SrMgSi2O6:Eu2+、Sr2MgSi2O7:Eu2+、Sr3MgSi2O8:Eu2+、SrMoO4:U、SrO、3B2O3:Eu2+,Cl、β-SrO、3B2O3:Pb2+、β-SrO、3B2O3:Pb2+,Mn2+、α-SrO、3B2O3:Sm2+、Sr6P5BO20:Eu、Sr5(PO4)3Cl:Eu2+、Sr5(PO4)3Cl:Eu2+,Pr3+、Sr5(PO4)3Cl:Mn2+、Sr5(PO4)3Cl:Sb3+、Sr2P2O7:Eu2+、β-
Sr3(PO4)2:Eu2+、Sr5(PO4)3F:Mn2+、Sr5(PO4)3F:Sb3+、Sr5(PO4)3F:Sb3+,Mn2+、Sr5(PO4)3F:Sn2+、Sr2P2O7:Sn2+、β-Sr3(PO4)2:Sn2+、β-Sr3(PO4)2:Sn2+,Mn2+(Al)、SrS:Ce3+、SrS:Eu2+、SrS:Mn2+、SrS:Cu+,Na、SrSO4:Bi、SrSO4:Ce3+、SrSO4:Eu2+、SrSO4:Eu2+,Mn2+、Sr5Si4O10Cl6:Eu2+、Sr2SiO4:Eu2+、SrTiO3:Pr3+、SrTiO3:Pr3+,Al3+、Sr3WO6:U、SrY2O3:Eu3+、ThO2:Eu3+、ThO2:Pr3+、ThO2:Tb3+、YAl3B4O12:Bi3+、YAl3B4O12:Ce3+、YAl3B4O12:Ce3+,Mn、YAl3B4O12:Ce3+,Tb3+、YAl3B4O12:Eu3+、YAl3B4O12:Eu3+,Cr3+、YAl3B4O12:Th4+,Ce3+,Mn2+、YAlO3:Ce3+、Y3Al5O12:Ce3+、Y3Al5O12:Cr3+、YAlO3:Eu3+、Y3Al5O12:Eu3r、Y4Al2O9:Eu3+、Y3Al5O12:Mn4+、YAlO3:Sm3+、YAlO3:Tb3+、Y3Al5O12:Tb3+、YAsO4:Eu3+、YBO3:Ce3+、YBO3:Eu3+、YF3:Er3+,Yb3+、YF3:Mn2+、YF3:Mn2+,Th4+、YF3:Tm3+,Yb3+、(Y,Gd)BO3:Eu、(Y,Gd)BO3:Tb、(Y,Gd)2O3:Eu3+、Y1.34Gd0.60O3(Eu,Pr)、Y2O3:Bi3+、YOBr:Eu3+、Y2O3:Ce、Y2O3:Er3+、Y2O3:Eu3+(YOE)、Y2O3:Ce3+,Tb3+、YOCl:Ce3+、YOCl:Eu3+、YOF:Eu3+、YOF:Tb3+、Y2O3:Ho3+、Y2O2S:Eu3+、Y2O2S:Pr3+、Y2O2S:Tb3+、Y2O3:Tb3+、YPO4:Ce3+、YPO4:Ce3+,Tb3+、YPO4:Eu3+、YPO4:Mn2+,Th4+、YPO4:V5+、Y(P,V)O4:Eu、Y2SiO5:Ce3+、YTaO4、YTaO4:Nb5+、YVO4:Dy3+、YVO4:Eu3+、ZnAl2O4:Mn2+、ZnB2O4:Mn2+、ZnBa2S3:Mn2+、(Zn,Be)2SiO4:Mn2+、Zn0.4Cd0.6S:Ag、Zn0.6Cd0.4S:Ag、(Zn,Cd)S:Ag,Cl、(Zn,Cd)S:Cu、ZnF2:Mn2+、ZnGa2O4、ZnGa2O4:Mn2+、ZnGa2S4:Mn2+、Zn2GeO4:Mn2+、(Zn,Mg)F2:Mn2+、ZnMg2(PO4)2:Mn2+、(Zn,Mg)3(PO4)2:Mn2+、ZnO:Al3+,Ga3+、ZnO:Bi3+、ZnO:Ga3+、ZnO:Ga、ZnO-CdO:Ga、ZnO:S、ZnO:Se、ZnO:Zn、ZnS:Ag+,Cl-、ZnS:Ag,Cu,Cl、ZnS:Ag,Ni、ZnS:Au,In、ZnS-
CdS(25-75)、ZnS-CdS(50-50)、ZnS-CdS(75-25)、ZnS-CdS:Ag,Br,Ni、ZnS-CdS:Ag+,Cl、ZnS-CdS:Cu,Br、ZnS-CdS:Cu,I、ZnS:Cl-、ZnS:Eu2+、ZnS:Cu、ZnS:Cu+,Al3+、ZnS:Cu+,Cl-、ZnS:Cu,Sn、ZnS:Eu2+、ZnS:Mn2+、ZnS:Mn,Cu、ZnS:Mn2+,Te2+、ZnS:P、ZnS:P3-,Cl-、ZnS:Pb2+、ZnS:Pb2+,Cl-、ZnS:Pb,Cu、Zn3(PO4)2:Mn2+、Zn2SiO4:Mn2+、Zn2SiO4:Mn2+,As5+、Zn2SiO4:Mn,Sb2O2、Zn2SiO4:Mn2+,P、Zn2SiO4:Ti4+、ZnS:Sn2+、ZnS:Sn,Ag、ZnS:Sn2+,Li+、ZnS:Te,Mn、ZnS-ZnTe:Mn2+、ZnSe:Cu+,Cl及ZnWO4。
一般而言,發射-轉換材料之使用提供顏色之較寬發射光譜之優點。尤其,藉由若干磷光體之組合,可改良LED之演色性。自不同磷光體發射-轉換材料製得之LED可用於自2700K CCT之暖白色LED至5000K CCT下之冷白色LED。
如上文所提及,可在自約300nm延伸至500nm之寬範圍內激發本發明之磷光體。
因此,本發明亦係關於至少一種本發明之化合物之用途,其作為轉換磷光體用於來自發光二極體之藍色或近UV發射之部分或完全轉換。
本發明亦係關於光源,其包含發射最大值在300nm至500nm之範圍內之一次光源,且全部或一些此輻射藉由本發明之化合物或發射-轉換材料轉換成長波長輻射。
較佳地,照明單元包含藍色或近UV LED及至少一種本發明之化合物。該照明單元較佳係白色光發射,具體而言具有坐標CIE x=0.12-0.43且CIE y=0.07-0.43,更佳CIE x=0.15-0.35且CIE y=0.10-0.35。
此外較佳係具體而言用於一般照明之照明單元,其特徵在於其
具有CRI>60,較佳>70,更佳>80。
在另一實施例中,照明單元發射具有特定色點(顏色需求原理)之光。顏色需求概念被視為意指使用pcLED(=磷光體-轉換LED)使用一或多種磷光體產生具有特定色點之光。此概念用於(例如)製造用於(例如)照明之公司標記、商標之某些公司設計。
尤其出於應確立某些色空間之目的,較佳將磷光體與至少一種選自以下之群之其他磷光體混合:氧化物、鉬酸鹽、鎢酸鹽、釩酸鹽、石榴石、矽酸鹽、硫化物、鋁酸鹽、氮化物及氧氮化物,在每一情形下個別地或其與一或多種活化劑離子(例如Ce、Eu、Yb、Mn、Cr及/或Bi)之混合物。
適宜綠色發射磷光體較佳係選自Ce摻雜之含鑥石榴石或含釔石榴石、Eu摻雜之硫硒化物、硫代鎵酸鹽、BaMgAl10O17:Eu,Mn(BAM:Eu,Mn)及/或Ce-及/或Eu摻雜之含氮化物之磷光體及/或β-SiAlON:Eu、及/或Eu摻雜之鹼土原矽酸鹽、及/或Eu摻雜之鹼土氧基-原矽酸鹽及/或Zn摻雜之鹼土原矽酸鹽。
適宜藍色發射磷光體較佳係選自BAM:Eu及/或Sr10(PO4)6Cl2:Eu、及/或CaWO4、及/或ZnS:(Au,Cu,Al)、及/或Sr4Al14O25:Eu、及/或Sr5(PO4)3Cl:Eu及/或Sr2P2O7:Eu。
發射黃光之適宜磷光體較佳可選自石榴石磷光體(例如,(Y,Tb,Gd)3(Al,Ga)5O12:Ce)、原矽酸鹽磷光體(例如,(Ca,Sr,Ba)2SiO4:Eu)、硫化物磷光體(例如(Mg,Ca,Sr,Ba)S:Eu)及/或Sialon-磷光體(例如,α-SiAlON:Eu)及/或(Ca,Sr,Ba)AlSi4N7:Ce。
術語「藍色發射磷光體」係指發射在435nm與507nm之間具有至少一個發射最大值之波長的磷光體。
術語「綠色發射磷光體」係指發射在508nm與550nm之間具有至少一個發射最大值之波長的磷光體。
術語「黃色發射磷光體」係指發射在551nm與585nm之間具有至少一個發射最大值之波長的磷光體。
術語「紅色發射磷光體」係指發射在586nm與670nm之間具有至少一個發射最大值之波長的磷光體。
在較佳實施例中,本發明之照明單元包含係發光氮化銦鋁鎵、具體而言具有式IniGajAlkN之光源(其中0i,0j,0k且i+j+k=1)及/或係發光氮化銦鎵之光源(InxGa1-xN,其中0<x<0.4)。
在本發明之照明單元之另一較佳實施例中,光源係基於ZnO、TCO(透明導電氧化物)、ZnSe或SiC之發光配置或基於有機發光層(OLED)之配置。
在本發明之照明單元之更佳實施例中,光源係展現電致發光及/或光致發光之來源。此外,一次光源亦可為電漿或放電源。此類型之光源之可能形式已為彼等熟習此項技術者已知。該等光源可為各種結構之發光LED晶片。
端視應用,本發明化合物可分散於樹脂(例如環氧樹脂或聚矽氧樹脂)中,或在適宜大小比率之情形下直接配置於光源上或另一選擇為遠離其配置(後一配置亦包括「遠端磷光體技術」)。遠端磷光體技術之優點為熟習此項技術者已知,且由(例如)以下公開案揭示:Japanese Journal of Appl.Phys.,第44卷,第21期(2005).L649-L651。
本發明之化合物亦適於將具有小於約500nm之波長之太陽輻照之一部分轉換成輻射超過約500nm之波長之輻射,其可藉由太陽能電池中之多種半導體材料更有效地利用。
因此,本發明亦係關於至少一種本發明之化合物之用途,其用作太陽能電池之波長轉換材料。
因此,本發明亦係關於藉由施加(例如)包含本發明之磷光體之聚合物膜改良太陽能電池模組之方法,由於因太陽能電池模組中之半導
體材料之吸收特性通常不可利用之太陽輻照光譜的短波部分之波長轉換,該聚合物膜能夠增加光利用效率及發電效率。
本發明尤其參照較佳實施例在上文及下文中加以闡述。應理解,可於本發明中作出各種改變及修改,此並不背離本發明之精神及範疇。
如上文及下文提及之許多化合物或其混合物有市售。有機化合物係藉由本身已知之方法製備,如文獻(例如在權威著作中,例如Houben-Weyl,Methoden der Organischen Chemie[Methods of Organic Chemistry],Georg-Thieme-Verlag,Stuttgart)中所述,確切而言係在適於該等反應之已知反應條件下進行。此處亦可使用本身已知但此處未提及之變體。
除非上下文另外明確指明,否則本文術語之本文所用複數形式應詮釋為包括單數形式且反之亦然。
除非另外明確說明,否則在整個本申請案中,參數範圍包括所有有理數及整數,包括參數範圍之指定限值以及其誤差限值。各別範圍之所述上限及下限與額外較佳範圍組合產生其他較佳實施例。
除非另外明確說明,否則在整個本申請案中,所有濃度皆係以重量百分比給出且係指各別完整混合物,所有溫度皆係以攝氏度(degree centigrade,Celsius)給出且所有溫度差異皆係以攝氏度給出。
在本說明書之說明及申請專利範圍中,詞語「包含(comprise)」及「含有(contain)」及該等詞語之變化形式(例如「包含(comprising及comprises)」)意指「包括但不限於」,且並非意欲(且不)將其他組份排除在外。另一方面,詞語「包含」亦涵蓋術語「由......組成」但並不限於此。
應瞭解,可對本發明之前述實施例作出改變,而仍屬本發明之範疇內。除非另有說明,否則用於相同、等效或類似目的之替代特徵
可代替本說明書中揭示之每一特徵。因此,除非另有說明,否則每一所揭示特徵僅係一類等效或類似特徵之一個實例。
本說明書中所揭示之全部特徵可以任一組合進行組合,只是至少某些該等特徵及/或步驟彼此排斥之組合除外。具體而言,本發明之較佳特徵適用於本發明之全部態樣且可以任一組合使用。同樣,非必需組合中所述之特徵可單獨使用(並不組合使用)。
應瞭解,上述多個特徵、尤其多個較佳實施例有其自身之發明性權力,而不僅僅作為本發明實施例之一部分。除目前所主張之任何發明以外或作為目前所主張之任何發明之替代發明,可尋求此等特徵之獨立保護。
現將參照以下實例更詳細地闡述本發明,其僅具闡釋性且並不限制本發明之範疇。
在瑪瑙研缽中混合2g La2O3、1.9g Al2O3、2.1g MgCO3、3.36g BaCO3、0.87g Si3N4、1.12g SiO2、0.26g Eu2O3。將所得混合物於1200℃下在氨(NH3)氣氛中燃燒8小時。隨後將所得粉末研磨並使用相同條件重新煅燒。
在瑪瑙研缽中混合2g La2O3、1.9g Al2O3、2.1g MgCO3、2.36g BaCO3、0.87g Si3N4、0.75g SiO2、0.65g GeO2、0.26g Eu2O3。將所得混合物於1200℃下在氨(NH3)氣氛中燃燒8小時。隨後將所得粉末研磨並使用相同條件重新煅燒。
在瑪瑙研缽中混合2g La2O3、1.9g Al2O3、2.5g CaCO3、2.36g BaCO3、0.87g Si3N4、1.12g SiO2、0.26g Eu2O3。將所得混合物於
1200℃下在氨(NH3)氣氛中燃燒8小時。隨後將所得粉末研磨並使用相同條件重新煅燒。
在瑪瑙研缽中混合2g La2O3、1.9g Al2O3、2.5g CaCO3、2.36g BaCO3、0.87g Si3N4、0.75g SiO2、0.65g GeO2、0.26g Eu2O3。將所得混合物於1200℃下在氨(NH3)氣氛中燃燒8小時。隨後將所得粉末研磨並使用相同條件重新煅燒。
在瑪瑙研缽中混合2g La2O3、1.9g Al2O3、2.5g CaCO3、2.36g BaCO3、0.87g Si3N4、0.37g SiO2、1.3g GeO2、0.26g Eu2O3。將所得混合物於1200℃下在氨(NH3)氣氛中燃燒8小時。隨後將所得粉末研磨並使用相同條件重新煅燒。
將10mg LaBaMg2Al3Si3N2O12:Eu與聚矽氧及固化劑之混合物(1:1)(15mg)混合。將所得懸浮液(25mg)均質化並施加至LED晶片(395nm近UV晶片)上。
將具有懸浮液之LED放置於爐中並於100℃下加熱4小時以促進固化過程。其後,將成品LED冷卻並用於量測。由於LED晶片在可見區中僅具有最小發射貢獻,故通常獲得之色點不依賴於所用磷光體之量。所用磷光體之量對初級光(395nm)至可見光(磷光體發射)之轉換具有影響。
圖4顯示395nm下近UV LED發射一次光源中之LaBaMg2Al3Si3N2O12:Eu的實例性LED光譜。
以如上文所述相同之方式,將LaBaMg2Al3(Si2,Ge)N2O12:Eu與395nm下之近UV LED發射一次光源組合。
圖5顯示LaBaMg2Al3(Si2,Ge)N2O12:Eu之實例性LED光譜。
Claims (16)
- 一種式I化合物,MIMII 3 MIII 3MIV 3N2O12:Eu I其中MI 表示一或多種選自Y、La、Gd及Lu之元素,MII 表示一或多種選自Be、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba及/或Zn之群之元素,MIII 表示一或多種選自B、Al及Ga之群之元素,MIV 表示一或多種選自Si及Ge之元素。
- 如請求項1之化合物,其中該化合物係選自式II化合物之群,MIMII 3 MIII 3MIV 3N2O12:Eu2+ II其中MI、MII、MIII及MIV具有如請求項1中給出之相同含義。
- 如請求項1或2之化合物,其中該化合物係選自式III化合物之群,MIMII 3-x MIII 3MIV 3N2O12:Eu2+ x III其中MI、MII、MIII及MIV具有如請求項1中給出之相同含義,且0<x<3。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之化合物,其中MI表示La。
- 如請求項1至4中任一項之化合物,其中MIII表示Al。
- 如請求項1至5中任一項之化合物,其中MIV表示(Ge1-ySiy),其中0y1。
- 如請求項1至6中任一項之化合物,其中MII表示至少一種選自Mg、Ca、Sr及/或Ba之元素。
- 如請求項1至7中任一項之化合物,其中MII表示(Ba1-z EAz),其中0z1,且EA表示至少一種選自Mg、Ca及Sr之元素。
- 如請求項2至7中任一項之化合物,其中0<x0.3。
- 一種製備如請求項1至9中任一項之化合物之方法,其至少包含以下步驟:a)混合適宜起始材料或其相應反應形式,及b)在還原條件下熱處理該混合物。
- 如請求項10之方法,其中步驟a)中之鹽係選自氧化物、鹵化物或碳酸鹽及至少一種二元氮化物之群。
- 一種至少一種如請求項1至9中任一項之化合物之用途,其係用作用於藍色或近UV發射之部分或完全轉換之轉換磷光體。
- 一種發射-轉換材料,其包含至少一種如請求項1至9中任一項之化合物。
- 一種光源,其包含發射最大值在300nm至500nm之範圍內之一次光源、及如請求項1至9中一或多項之化合物或如請求項13之發射-轉換材料。
- 如請求項14之光源,其中該一次光源係發光氮化銦鋁鎵及/或氮化銦鎵。
- 一種照明單元,其包含至少一種如請求項14或15之光源。
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