TW201530666A - 半導體封裝之製造方法,以及使用非接觸式向上噴射系統以製造半導體封裝 - Google Patents
半導體封裝之製造方法,以及使用非接觸式向上噴射系統以製造半導體封裝 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201530666A TW201530666A TW104100351A TW104100351A TW201530666A TW 201530666 A TW201530666 A TW 201530666A TW 104100351 A TW104100351 A TW 104100351A TW 104100351 A TW104100351 A TW 104100351A TW 201530666 A TW201530666 A TW 201530666A
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 67
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 57
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- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 47
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 9
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- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 abstract description 26
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- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- MWSKJDNQKGCKPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methyl-3a,4,5,7a-tetrahydro-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1CC(C)=CC2C(=O)OC(=O)C12 MWSKJDNQKGCKPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KNDQHSIWLOJIGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 826-62-0 Chemical compound C1C2C3C(=O)OC(=O)C3C1C=C2 KNDQHSIWLOJIGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- VYKXQOYUCMREIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride Chemical compound C1CCCC2C(=O)OC(=O)C21C VYKXQOYUCMREIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004714 phosphonium salts Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003071 polychlorinated biphenyls Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- AAAQKTZKLRYKHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylmethane Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 AAAQKTZKLRYKHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/48—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the solid state body in operation, e.g. leads, terminal arrangements ; Selection of materials therefor
- H01L23/488—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the solid state body in operation, e.g. leads, terminal arrangements ; Selection of materials therefor consisting of soldered or bonded constructions
- H01L23/498—Leads, i.e. metallisations or lead-frames on insulating substrates, e.g. chip carriers
- H01L23/49811—Additional leads joined to the metallisation on the insulating substrate, e.g. pins, bumps, wires, flat leads
- H01L23/49816—Spherical bumps on the substrate for external connection, e.g. ball grid arrays [BGA]
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/02—Printing inks
- C09D11/10—Printing inks based on artificial resins
- C09D11/101—Inks specially adapted for printing processes involving curing by wave energy or particle radiation, e.g. with UV-curing following the printing
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/30—Inkjet printing inks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/30—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor
- H05K3/32—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits
- H05K3/34—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits by soldering
- H05K3/3489—Composition of fluxes; Methods of application thereof; Other methods of activating the contact surfaces
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/50—Assembly of semiconductor devices using processes or apparatus not provided for in a single one of the subgroups H01L21/06 - H01L21/326, e.g. sealing of a cap to a base of a container
- H01L21/56—Encapsulations, e.g. encapsulation layers, coatings
- H01L21/563—Encapsulation of active face of flip-chip device, e.g. underfilling or underencapsulation of flip-chip, encapsulation preform on chip or mounting substrate
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/10—Bump connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/11—Manufacturing methods
- H01L2224/118—Post-treatment of the bump connector
- H01L2224/1182—Applying permanent coating, e.g. in-situ coating
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- H01L2224/10—Bump connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/12—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the bump connectors prior to the connecting process
- H01L2224/13—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the bump connectors prior to the connecting process of an individual bump connector
- H01L2224/13001—Core members of the bump connector
- H01L2224/13099—Material
- H01L2224/131—Material with a principal constituent of the material being a metal or a metalloid, e.g. boron [B], silicon [Si], germanium [Ge], arsenic [As], antimony [Sb], tellurium [Te] and polonium [Po], and alloys thereof
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- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/74—Apparatus for manufacturing arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and for methods related thereto
- H01L2224/75—Apparatus for connecting with bump connectors or layer connectors
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- H01L2224/81—Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected using a bump connector
- H01L2224/8119—Arrangement of the bump connectors prior to mounting
- H01L2224/81191—Arrangement of the bump connectors prior to mounting wherein the bump connectors are disposed only on the semiconductor or solid-state body
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- H01L2224/81—Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected using a bump connector
- H01L2224/8134—Bonding interfaces of the bump connector
- H01L2224/81355—Bonding interfaces of the bump connector having an external coating, e.g. protective bond-through coating
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- H01L2224/81—Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected using a bump connector
- H01L2224/818—Bonding techniques
- H01L2224/81801—Soldering or alloying
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- H01L24/00—Arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies; Methods or apparatus related thereto
- H01L24/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/10—Bump connectors ; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/11—Manufacturing methods
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
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- H01L24/80—Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected
- H01L24/81—Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected using a bump connector
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- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
- H05K2201/10—Details of components or other objects attached to or integrated in a printed circuit board
- H05K2201/10613—Details of electrical connections of non-printed components, e.g. special leads
- H05K2201/10954—Other details of electrical connections
- H05K2201/10977—Encapsulated connections
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- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/30—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor
- H05K3/32—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits
- H05K3/34—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits by soldering
- H05K3/341—Surface mounted components
- H05K3/3431—Leadless components
- H05K3/3436—Leadless components having an array of bottom contacts, e.g. pad grid array or ball grid array components
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Abstract
本發明有關一種半導體封裝之製造方法,其包括以下步驟:(a)提供一半導體晶片,其底表面可以裝附一或更多個焊接點;(b)藉由一非接觸式向上噴射系統,以向上噴射塗佈一可固化環氧樹脂混合物至該半導體晶片之底部表面之至少一部份及/或至少一焊接點;(c)將此經覆蓋之半導體晶片置於一電路板或一載體基板上;以及(d)將一或更多個焊接點耦接至該電路板或該載體基板,且將該可固化環氧樹脂混合物固化。本發明更有關使用一種非接觸式向上噴射系統以製造半導體封裝。
Description
本發明有關於一種新式沉積方法,用於將焊接頭保護材料例如環氧樹脂助焊劑塗佈於積體電路(IC)封裝之底表面上,此IC封裝例如為球格柵陣列(BGA:Ball Grid Array)、晶片尺寸封裝(CSP:Chip-Scale Package)、晶圓級封裝(WLP:Wafer-Level Package)、封裝上封裝(PoP:Package-on-Package)、以及焊盤格柵陣列(LGA:Land Grid Array),以克服目前封裝浸漬製程中將材料噴灑或覆蓋在印刷電路板(PCB:Printed Circuit Board)基板上、或封裝上封裝(PoP)之底部封裝上所遭遇之問題。
為保護球格柵陣列(BGA)與焊盤格柵陣列(LGA)之焊接頭,以防止行動式電子裝置發生早期之落地測試故障(drop-test failure),曾使用各種形式之焊接頭保護材料,以保護焊接頭防止因碰撞所產生震動之損壞。環氧樹脂助焊劑為此等焊接頭保護材料之一,其相較於傳統毛細管底部填充膠具有以下優點:
1.環氧樹脂助焊劑可以回焊(焊料回流)(reflow)製程固化,以去除毛細管底部填充膠之配置與固化步驟。
2.環氧樹脂助焊劑可以回焊製程固化,以使得可以執行單件式(one-part)電磁干擾(EMI:electromagnetic interference)屏蔽,而無須使用低溫焊料與第二低溫回焊製程。此單件式電磁干擾(EMI)屏蔽(相較於兩件式(2-piece)隔離與覆蓋EMI屏蔽)可以降低此屏蔽之整體高度。
3.環氧樹脂助焊劑具有小填角擴散(fillet spread),且因此使得可以達成現代化行動裝置之高密度組件佈局。
然而,環氧樹脂助焊劑最大缺點為,由於下列目前塗佈方法之限制,其無法保護整個焊料突起。
方法1:浸漬方法:將積體電路(IC)封裝浸入於環氧樹脂助焊劑之槽中至所控制之高度。
方法2:將材料沉積於電路板上:在將組件裝附於電路板上之前,將材料噴灑、印刷、配置等於電路板上。
第一種方法,即浸漬方法會有封裝揀取問題與焊料污跡問題。此外,第二種方法為在電路板上噴灑或覆蓋材料會有焊料污跡問題與濕氣導致空隙之問題。
依據LGA先前浸漬製程之負面結果,插入機器製造廠商發展出一種定製噴嘴,將在材料浸漬部份上所施加揀取力最大化。然而,此種方法無法完全解決揀取故障之問題。
此外,製程工程師嘗試減少用於LGA之材料浸漬深度,惟此問題仍然存在。
本發明使用一種上下倒置噴射製程,將材料噴射至封裝之背面上。此種製程可以程式化控制模式在LGA之各輸入/輸出(I/O)墊上產生準
確覆蓋,或以程式化控制模式在BGA球體間之空白空間中產生準確覆蓋。此種製程可以克服由於環氧樹脂助焊劑高黏著力所產生與浸漬技術有關之封裝揀取故障問題。此種製程由於其焊料數量與模式可以程式控制,亦可克服焊料污跡之問題。
為避免此揀取故障問題,目前所使用浸漬技術之浸漬最大深度被限制於BGA球體高度之70%。因此,僅此焊球接頭之底部受到保護,而其頂部並未受到保護。由於此原因,此使用環氧樹脂助焊劑浸漬技術之落地測試故障之性能表現、較將焊球整個高度填滿之毛細管底部填充膠者為差。此從底部噴射材料之方法如果以程式適當控制,可達成焊球接頭100%之覆蓋,且可提供與毛細管底部填充膠類似之保護。
因此,本發明之目的為提供一種新穎之方法,以克服上述習知技術所遭遇問題。
本發明之目的可以藉由一種半導體封裝之製造方法而達成,其包括以下步驟:(a)提供一種半導體晶片,其底表面可以裝附一或更多個焊接點;(b)藉由一種非接觸式噴射系統,以向上噴射塗佈一種可固化環氧樹脂混合物至半導體晶片之底部表面之至少一部份及/或至少一焊接點;(c)將此經覆蓋之半導體晶片置於一電路板或一載體基板上;
(d)將一或更多個焊接點耦接至電路板或一載體基板,且將該可固化環氧樹脂混合物固化。
根據本發明另一觀點,本發明使用一種非接觸式向上噴射系統,以製造半導體封裝。
1‧‧‧輸出裝置
2‧‧‧電子計數器
3‧‧‧致動裝置
4‧‧‧流體入口
5‧‧‧流體通路
6‧‧‧加熱裝置
7‧‧‧測量裝置
8‧‧‧熱絕緣體
9‧‧‧密封球
10‧‧‧噴嘴板
本發明之上述與其他特性與優點以及其產生方式,將由參考本發明實例之說明與所附圖式,而更為明顯且可獲得更佳理解,其中:
第1圖為根據傳統式用於球格柵陣列(BGA)之浸漬製程之(操作方式)示意圖;第2圖為根據本發明之非接觸式向上噴射系統之(操作方式)示意圖;第3圖與第4圖為根據本發明之向上噴射閥之操作(方式)與結構之示意圖。
本發明有關一種半導體封裝之製造方法,其包括以下步驟:
(a)提供一種半導體晶片,其底表面可以裝附一或更多個焊接點;
(b)藉由一種非接觸式噴射系統,以向上噴射塗佈一種可固化環氧樹脂混合物至半導體晶片之底部表面之至少一部份及/或至少一焊接點;
(c)將此經覆蓋之半導體晶片置於一電路板或一載體基板上;
(d)將一或更多個焊接點耦接至電路板或一載體基板,且將該可固化環氧樹脂混合物固化。
(a)提供一種半導體晶片
此半導體晶片可由以下所構成群組選出:球格柵陣列(BGA)、晶片尺寸封裝(CSP)、晶圓級封裝(WLP)、封裝上封裝(PoP)、以及焊盤格柵陣列(LGA)。將一或更多個焊接點裝附於半導體晶片之底表面。
(b)藉由使用一非接觸式向上噴射系統,以向上噴射塗佈一種可固化環氧樹脂混合物
在一根據本發明方法之實例中,此非接觸式向上噴射系統包括:一用於對環氧樹脂混合物施加壓力之裝置;一操作閥系統,其經由裝附於此閥系統之輸出裝置1,以控制此可固化環氧樹脂混合物之配置。其中,此閥系統特別是由一壓電致動裝置3驅動,其可提供以高頻率配置此可固化環氧樹脂混合物之可能性(參考第2圖)。
本發明使用此現代化噴射閥(其例如為但並不限於EFD公司之pico Dot)之向上噴射能力,以程式化控制模式,將材料噴射至封裝背面上所想要之點(參考第3圖與第4圖)。此可以解決與封裝浸漬製程或與PCB噴灑或覆蓋製程有關之問題。
此非接觸式向上噴射系統之操作閥系統包括:一噴嘴板10,其具有一噴嘴作為輸出裝置1;一密封球9,用於將此噴嘴開起與關閉,而與此壓電致動裝置3接觸。其中,以將噴嘴板10與密封球9彼此配置與排列之方式,以致於可以密封球9將噴嘴關閉,防止此可固化環氧樹脂混合物流動;以及經由此壓電致動裝置3將此密封球9相對於噴嘴板10提高及/或保持
距離時,此可固化環氧樹脂混合物流經此噴嘴且被配置。
噴嘴板10及/或密封球9較佳可由陶瓷或鋼合金材料製成。
壓電致動裝置3可包括兩個壓電致動器。
此閥系統可包括一上部,其具有壓電致動裝置3;以及一下部,其具有噴嘴板10及/或密封球9。其中,一裝置用於提供熱絕緣體8,其較佳為一熱絕緣空氣間隙,而設置在上部與下部之間。
此閥系統較佳包括:一可固化環氧樹脂混合物之一流體入口4,其位於一下部以連接至具有將壓力施加至可固化環氧樹脂混合物之閥系統;一流體通路5,以提供用於可固化環氧樹脂混合物之流體入口4與噴嘴間之連接;一加熱裝置6,提供用於閥系統之加熱可能性;以及一測量裝置7,用於測量此可固化環氧樹脂混合物及/或閥系統之參數,其較佳為至少一溫度測量感測器。
此閥系統較佳包括位於上部之一積體式計數裝置,其較佳設置為積體式電子計數器2,其特別使用於循環及/或開機(power-on)時間。
在根據本發明方法之實例中,將可固化環氧樹脂混合物噴射塗佈於半導體晶片之底部表面之入射角小於20°,較佳小於10°,更佳小於5°。
在根據本發明方法之實例中,使用從大約10psi至大約30psi之壓力,以塗佈此可固化環氧樹脂混合物。
在根據本發明方法之實例中,非接觸式向上噴射系統與半導體晶片之底部表面間之距離大約為0.8毫米至5毫米。
在根據本發明方法之實施例中,於大約40℃至大約75℃之
溫度塗佈此固化環氧樹脂混合物。
在根據本發明方法之實例中,此可固化環氧樹脂混合物在25℃之黏滯度為大約3000mPa‧s至大約30000mPa‧s。
在根據本發明方法之實例中,此可固化環氧樹脂混合物包括:至少一環氧樹脂、至少一稀釋劑、至少一固化劑、以及至少一加速劑。
作為至少一環氧樹脂,可使用在習知技術中所有已知之環氧樹脂,只要其具有雙功能或更多功能,例如在美國專利申請案號2011/0241228 A1中所揭露者,此專利申請案在此整個併入作為參考。從降低黏滯度、低吸水度、以及高熱阻抗之觀點而言,較佳使用下列:雙酚A式環氧樹脂、雙酚F式環氧樹脂、含萘(Naphthalene)骨架多功能環氧樹脂、含雙環戊二烯骨架多功能環氧樹脂、含三苯甲烷骨架多功能環氧樹脂。在25℃,此等環氧樹脂可以為固態或液態,但當焊料熱熔用於連接時,此所使用固態環氧樹脂所具熔點或軟化點較佳低於所使用焊料之熔點。此等環氧樹脂可以單獨使用,或以兩種或更多種組合使用。
作為至少一固化劑,可使用在習知技術中一般所知之酸酐,其例如在美國專利申請案號2011/0241228 A1中所揭示者,該專利申請案在此整個併入作為參考。從熱阻抗與抗濕度之觀點而言,特別佳使用下列:甲基四氫苯二甲酸酐、甲基六氫苯二甲酸酐、內亞甲基四氫酞酐、甲基內亞甲基四氫酞酐、3,4-二甲基-6-(2-甲基-1-丙烯基)-4-環己烯-1,2-二羧酸酐、1-異丙醇-4-甲基-二環[2.2.2]辛-5-烯-2,3-二羧酸酐、乙二醇二偏苯三酸酯、以及丙三醇三脫水偏苯三酸酯。以上任何此等固化劑可以單獨使用,或將兩種或更多種固化劑混合使用。
此至少一環氧樹脂對至少一固化劑之比例並未受到特別限制,可以由熟習此技術人士決定。此至少一固化劑對一環氧樹脂數量之相對比例較佳為0.5至1.5,且更佳為0.7至1.2(環氧基之數目與由酸酐所產生羧基數目之比率=環氧基之數目/羧基之數目)。若此相對比例小於0.5,則過量之羧基會存留,此吸水性會增加且防濕氣之可靠度會降低。若此相對比例大於1.5,則無法充份進行固化。
此所使用至少一稀釋劑較佳可由以下所構成群組選出:乙醇、苯酚、以及羧酸。在此所使用乙醇較佳為,在分子中具有兩個或更多個醇羥基之化合物。在此所使用苯酚較佳為具有至少兩個酚式羥基之化合物。在此所使用羧酸包括脂肪族羧酸與芳香族羧酸。可以單獨使用此等化合物,或以兩種或更多種組合使用。
此至少一稀釋劑之量,相對於由至少一環氧樹脂與至少一固化劑所構成之100總重量比,較佳為0.1至15重量比,更佳為0.5至10重量比,甚至更佳為1至10重量比。若此至少一稀釋劑之量小於0.1重量比,則無法展現在焊料表面上去除氧化層之足夠功效。若此至少一稀釋劑之量大於15重量比,則在焊料助劑中之羧基與環氧樹脂會起反應,而可能會降低其儲存穩定度。可以單獨使用此等化合物,或以兩種或更多種組合使用。
作為至少一加速劑,可以使用在習知技術中一般所知之四級鏻鹽,其例如在美國專利案號7,074,738中所揭示者,該專利案在此整個併入作為參考。
此至少一加速劑之量,相對於至少一環氧樹脂與至少一固化劑之所構成100總重量比,較佳為0.01至10重量比,且更佳為0.1至5重量比。
若此至少一加速劑之量小於0.01重量比,則其固化能力會降低,並可能降低其連接可靠度。若至少一加速劑之量大於10重量比,則會降低其儲存穩定度。
此可固化環氧樹脂混合物可以選擇性地包括一填料,其例如為有機填料或無機填料,以調整其黏著度或控制此固化產品之性質。
(c)將此經覆蓋之半導體晶片設置於電路板或承載基板上
在根據本發明方法之實例中,此一或更多個焊接點可以此可固化環氧樹脂混合物包封。特別地,可以將在步驟(b)中所覆蓋之半導體晶片以間隔方式設置於電路板或承載基板上。其中,藉由一或更多個焊接點,在半導體晶片與電路板或承載基板之間形成間隙,此間隙以此可固化環氧樹脂混合物包封,以形成一半導體封裝組件。
此外,可以將半導體晶片與電路板或承載基板對齊且壓製在一起。
(d)耦接與固化
在根據本發明方法之實例中,此半導體封裝組件可能會遭遇情況,其足以使得此一或更多個焊接點之焊料回流至間隙中,且將此可固化環氧樹脂混合物固化。其中,此一或更多個焊接點於間隙中接觸電路板或承載基板。
特別地,可以將此半導體封裝組件加熱至此焊接點之熔點或以上之溫度,以致於此半導體晶片與電路板或承載基板耦接在一起。此在本發明可固化環氧樹脂混合物中之稀釋劑,可以藉由還原反應而造成焊接點表面上氧化層去除,以至於此焊接點可以平順地回流,且藉由金屬接合
以形成一接頭。
向上噴射製程之有利功效
1.在此無導線封裝例如LGA上,目前浸漬製程經常導致LGA揀取故障。根據本發明之向上噴射製程使得其可以無須與環氧樹脂助焊劑槽直接接觸,而可以解決此揀取故障問題。
2.根據本發明之向上噴射製程可以僅在LGA之輸入/輸出(I/O)墊上產生準確之可程式覆蓋;此相對於以浸漬製程所產生之LGA整個背面之覆蓋。如此可以克服將半導體晶片置於PCB上期間所遭遇到PCB上焊料膏污跡之問題,且可防止電路短路之故障。
3.在BGA封裝上,浸漬製程實際上僅可以覆蓋至焊球高度之70%,更高之覆蓋位會造成揀取故障。由於此原因,環氧樹脂助焊劑並無法觸及並保護焊球之頂部接頭,以造成較毛細管底部填充膠為差之落地測試性能表現。根據本發明之向上噴射製程僅可以將材料噴射至焊球之間,以覆蓋整個焊球,而產生與毛細管底部填充膠相當之落地測試性能表現。
4.相對於傳統浸漬製程,本發明之向上噴射製程使得可以模式控制達成對於焊球各部份準確輪廓與體積,以及彈性且寬廣之製程窗口;此傳統浸漬製程在正常情況下對於PCB之一側具有獨特之浸漬深度。
5.綜上所述,此根據本發明之向上噴射製程可以精確之體積控制將環氧樹脂助焊劑準確地沉積在封裝之背面上。此可克服使用毛細管底部填充膠將LGA之狹小焊料間隙填滿之困難,以避免在環氧樹脂助焊劑浸漬製程期間BGA與LGA之揀取故障,可允許環氧樹脂助焊劑覆蓋BGA 100%焊球高度,以達成與毛細管底部填充膠相當之落地測試性能表現。
本發明使得環氧樹脂助焊劑可以成為焊料接頭保護選擇之主流,其再可淘汰毛細管底部填充膠之配置與固化製程,以解決毛細管底部填充膠之狹小空間之配置與溢流問題,且使得可將單件式電磁干擾(EMI)屏蔽製程與正常焊料回流製程合併(無須使用兩件式(2-piece)EMI屏蔽之額外低溫焊接印刷與回焊製程)。
由於LGA與BGA為半導體封裝之典型代表,故可以依據以下例1(LGA)與例2(BGA)中所說明結果,以預測用於CSP、WLP、以及PoP之向上噴射製程之進步功效。
本發明更有關於一種使用非接觸式向上噴射系統以製造半導體封裝。
在下列非限制例中說明本發明之各種特性與特徵,其並不對本發明構成限制。
比較例1:用於LGA之浸漬製程
LGA封裝僅具有在其底面上之輸入/輸出(I/O)墊,且不具焊球。此對於目前浸漬塗佈製程呈現重大挑戰,其原因為當將此封裝浸漬進入環氧樹脂助焊劑槽中時,此環氧樹脂助焊劑與LGA之整個底部接觸。此黏性環氧樹脂助焊劑妨礙該封裝之揀取力,造成揀取故障。以此浸漬製程,LGA之整個底部由環氧樹脂助焊劑完全覆蓋。當將LGA裝附於電路板上時,此環氧樹脂助焊劑會使得此電路板連接墊上預印之濕焊料膏擴散,導致電性故障。
例1:用於LGA之向上噴射製程
在根據本發明之向上噴射製程中,使用一噴射頭(EFD公司
PICO DOT噴射系統模式:774 MV-100),其操作參數如下所示:
使用此向上噴射製程,此被噴灑部份不會與環氧樹脂助焊劑槽直接接觸,且此根據本發明之向上噴射製程可以解決此揀取故障問題。可以程式化此向上噴射製程,以產生環氧樹脂助焊劑覆蓋之準確模式,以匹配LGA之I/O墊,且因此可以克服焊料擴散問題。
比較例2:用於BGA之浸漬製程(第1圖)
BGA封裝在其底部具有焊球,且被認為環氧樹脂助焊劑應覆蓋且保護此焊球之整個高度再加上在焊球頂部與底部之焊接頭,以防止早期之落地測試故障。依據現場資料,傳統浸漬製程最大僅能浸漬至焊球高度之70%。較大之浸漬深度會使得環氧樹脂助焊劑在焊球上有太大之濕潤力,導致揀取故障。無法覆蓋焊球之整個高度會使得此焊球頂部與頂部焊接頭未受到保護,導致早期之落地測試故障。
例2:用於BGA之向上噴射製程(本發明)
對於BGA可以使用如同例1之相同噴射頭與操作參數。向上噴射製程可以程式化,以沉積足夠材料將焊球間之空白空間填滿,且可提供100%之覆蓋。此允許達成頂部焊接頭之保護,且提供與毛細管底部填充膠相當之落地測試性能表現。
在以上說明一些實例,此等實例僅提供作為舉例而已,且其用意並非在於限制本發明之範圍。所附申請專利範圍與其等同物之用意為,其包括在本發明之範圍與精神內之所有修正、替換、以及改變。
Claims (9)
- 一種半導體封裝之製造方法,包括以下步驟:(a)提供一半導體晶片,其底表面可以裝附一或更多個焊接點;(b)藉由一非接觸式向上噴射系統,以向上噴射塗佈一可固化環氧樹脂混合物至該半導體晶片之底部表面之至少一部份及/或至少一焊料接點;(c)將此經覆蓋半導體晶片置於一電路板或一載體基板上;(d)將一或更多個焊接點耦接至該電路板或該載體基板,且將該可固化環氧樹脂混合物固化。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之半導體封裝之製造方法,其中將該可固化環氧樹脂混合物噴射塗佈至該半導體晶片之底部表面之入射角小於20度。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項或第2項之半導體封裝之製造方法,其中對該可固化環氧樹脂混合物所施加壓力為約10psi至約30psi。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項至第3項中任一項之半導體封裝之製造方法,其中該非接觸式向上噴射系統與該半導體晶片之底部表面間之距離為約0.8毫米至5毫米。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項至第4項中任一項之半導體封裝之製造方法,其中該可固化環氧樹脂混合物是在約40℃至約75℃之溫度噴射塗佈。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項至第5項中任一項之半導體封裝之製造方法,其中該可固化環氧樹脂混合物包括:至少一環氧樹脂、至少一稀釋劑、至少一固化劑、以及至少一加速劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項至第6項中任一項之半導體封裝之製造方法,其中該可固化環氧樹脂混合物在25℃之黏稠度為約3000mPa‧s至約30000mPa‧s。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項至第7項中任一項之半導體封裝之製造方法,其中在該步驟(c)中,該等一或更多個焊接點是由該可固化環氧樹脂混合物包封。
- 一種用於製造半導體封裝之非接觸式向上噴射系統之用法。
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JP2003124621A (ja) * | 2001-10-15 | 2003-04-25 | Senju Metal Ind Co Ltd | プリント基板の部分はんだ付け用フラクサー |
JP4328645B2 (ja) * | 2004-02-26 | 2009-09-09 | 太陽インキ製造株式会社 | 光硬化性・熱硬化性樹脂組成物及びそれを用いたプリント配線板 |
US7553680B2 (en) * | 2004-08-09 | 2009-06-30 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Methods to provide and expose a diagnostic connector on overmolded electronic packages |
JP4747865B2 (ja) * | 2006-02-09 | 2011-08-17 | 住友ベークライト株式会社 | 半導体装置、及び半導体装置の製造方法 |
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