TW201510742A - 分散式作業系統 - Google Patents

分散式作業系統 Download PDF

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TW201510742A
TW201510742A TW103110661A TW103110661A TW201510742A TW 201510742 A TW201510742 A TW 201510742A TW 103110661 A TW103110661 A TW 103110661A TW 103110661 A TW103110661 A TW 103110661A TW 201510742 A TW201510742 A TW 201510742A
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丹尼爾 巴恩斯坦
湯姆 摩斯
陳思偉
國欣 童
文光 關
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耐斯比系統公司
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Abstract

揭露一種技術，致能由使用者使用之多運算裝置彼此交互操作。該技術致能該使用者於管理該多運算裝置之分散式作業系統(「DCOS」)上安裝特定應用程式作為單一實體。當經由該DCOS執行該特定應用程式時，該使用者接著可經由該運算裝置之任一者使用該特定應用程式。

Description

分散式作業系統 相關申請案相互參照
本申請案主張2013年3月21日申請之美國臨時申請案No.61/804,134之權利，其以提及之方式併入本文。
本申請案主張2014年2月13日申請之美國專利申請案No.14/179,778之權利，其以提及之方式併入本文。
本發明之示例實施例大體上關於多連接之裝置，更特別地關於跨越多裝置之任務管理。
今天有人於一天的過程中使用若干運算裝置實施各式任務。例如，人們/使用者可使用膝上型電腦工作，平板電腦娛樂，智慧手機打電話等。此外，假設各式運算裝置之能力集中，使用者便可使用任一運算裝置實施其許多任務。然而，一旦使用者開始在一運算裝置中工 作，無大量手動程序下，則僅極有限的能力可在另一運算裝置持續任務。無手動程序，運算裝置無法自動彼此同步以利運算裝置間之該等任務轉移。
例如，使用者可能在下班回家的路上於其智慧手機中開始玩Angry Birds®視訊遊戲。一旦到家，使用者可能喜歡在其平板電腦中繼續玩該遊戲。為此，使用者首先必須於其智慧手機及平板電腦中安裝視訊遊戲Angry Birds®。接著，使用者可能必須手動將目前遊戲狀態儲存在遠端伺服器中，並使用儲存之遊戲狀態在平板電腦手動繼續玩該遊戲(若該等部件可用於該遊戲)。然而，並無機制可供使用者簡單地停止使用智慧手機，拿起平板電腦並在平板電腦中繼續玩該遊戲。該些運算裝置僅未彼此自動同步以允許使用者不需任何手動程序而可交互操作該些運算裝置。
此外，裝置間交互操作性的問題隨著使用者增加實施各種任務之更多裝置而惡化。每一新裝置可能具有完全不同能力，甚至使得同步及使用各式裝置之手動程序成為挑戰。使用者可能必須人工判定哪一裝置具有支援應用程式之充分資源並將應用程式安裝於每一裝置中。此導致各式裝置間能力片段，其中一裝置子集可運行一應用程式，同時裝置之另一子集可運行另一應用程式。該等片段可造成使用者混淆及不便，因為當使用者希望於裝置間交互操作時，將需記住各式片段。
因此，致能人員使用之多運算裝置彼此交互 操作之已知技術侷限於其能力並承受以上限制及不足。
揭露一種技術致能使用者使用之多運算裝置彼此交互操作。該技術致能使用者於管理多運算裝置之分散式作業系統(「DCOS」)上安裝特定應用程式作為單一實體。當經由DCOS執行特定應用程式時，使用者接著可經由任一運算裝置使用特定應用程式。
例如，該技術致能使用複數運算裝置之任一者的使用者介面與DCOS互動，例如經由DCOS之首頁螢幕/桌面，及於DCOS上安裝應用程式。應用程式係安裝於DCOS之應用程式層上，其中由DCOS管理之任一運算裝置可執行安裝於DCOS之應用程式層上的應用程式。因而，若應用程式係經由管理運算裝置之DCOS安裝，在每一運算裝置上之應用程式的不同安裝不需經由任一運算裝置執行應用程式。
在揭露之技術中，DCOS之狀況係在多運算裝置之硬體資源上運行，並管理所有運算裝置之硬體資源作為單一實體。DCOS之各式組件，例如DCOS之檔案系統係跨越多運算裝置之硬體資源儲存。例如，與DCOS之檔案系統相關聯之資料係跨越各式運算裝置之記憶體資源儲存。當需提供存取檔案系統時，DCOS跨越運算裝置收集與檔案系統相關聯之任何所需資料。
類似地，DCOS之狀況的執行係使用跨越運算 裝置之可用硬體資源實施。例如，當與執行DCOS之狀況相關聯之執行緒希望執行功能時，DCOS之核心將功能轉換為資料處理指令，並協調管理硬體資源之各式本地OS核心執行指令，例如每一運算裝置之CPU、記憶體等。
當多運算裝置之任一裝置因例如電池沒電、離線模式執行等而無回應時，進一步揭露之技術允許多運算裝置子集可操作以運行DCOS。在揭露之技術中，DCOS使用資料複製策略跨越運算裝置之子集複製DCOS及各式應用程式所需之資料。資料複製策略可依據觀察之資料存取型態動態微調。在揭露之技術中，資料複製使得所需資料之複本可能可用於多運算裝置之子集的可能組合。
100、200‧‧‧環境
102、102a-102c‧‧‧分散式作業系統
104‧‧‧分散式作業系統核心
106‧‧‧資料庫
108‧‧‧應用程式框架
110‧‧‧應用程式層
112、114、116、202、204、206‧‧‧運算裝置
112a、114a、116a、202c‧‧‧本地作業系統核心
112b、114b、116b、202d、210‧‧‧硬體資源
202a‧‧‧一致狀態
202b‧‧‧本地狀態
208‧‧‧執行緒
300、400、500、600‧‧‧程序
302、304、306、308、310、312、314、316、318、320、322、324、402、404、406、408、410、412、414、416、418、420、422、424、502、504、506、508、510、512、514、516、518、520、522、524、526、602、604、606、608、610、612、614、616、618、620、622‧‧‧方塊
700‧‧‧運算系統
705‧‧‧處理器
710‧‧‧記憶體
715‧‧‧互連
720‧‧‧儲存裝置
725‧‧‧輸入/輸出裝置
730‧‧‧網路適配器
圖1為方塊圖，描繪可交互操作運算裝置之示例環境，其中技術可於各式實施例中操作。
圖2為方塊圖，描繪可交互操作運算裝置之示例環境，其中技術可於各式實施例中操作。
圖3為流程圖，描繪由DCOS實施之應用程式安裝程序，將應用程式安裝於DCOS上，符合各式實施例。
圖4為流程圖，描繪由DCOS實施之應用程式執行程序，以DCOS上之連接模式執行應用程式，符合各式實施例。
圖5為流程圖，描繪由DCOS實施之應用程式執行程序，以DCOS上之未連接模式執行應用程式，符合各式實施例。
圖6為流程圖，描繪由DCOS實施之應用程式狀態重新同步程序，當以未連接模式執行之裝置的子集回復至連接模式時，重新同步應用程式狀態，符合各式實施例。
圖7為運算系統之方塊圖，可用以實施揭露之技術之若干實施例的特徵。
本說明書中提及「實施例」、「一實施例」等，表示所說明之特定部件、結構、或特性係包括於本發明之至少一實施例中。然而，本說明書中該等用語之發生不一定指相同實施例。
參照圖式更詳細說明揭露之技術的若干實施例。現在參照圖式，圖1為方塊圖，描繪可交互操作運算裝置之示例環境100，其中技術可於各式實施例中操作。應注意的是說明之技術可於其他處理環境中實施，且技術之作業不應視為侷限於致能可交互操作運算裝置。
環境100包括多運算裝置112、114、116，其由使用運算裝置112-116之硬體資源112b、114b、116b執行之DCOS 102管理為單一實體。在環境100中，DCOS 102介入執行應用程式及各式運算裝置112-116之 實體硬體資源112b-116b之間，以管理/執行實體硬體資源112b-116b而代表執行應用程式。DCOS 102包括DCOS核心104，其允許DCOS 102管理各式運算裝置112-116之硬體資源112b-116b作為單一實體。
如具有本技藝中一般技術人士所思考，運算裝置112-116可為桌面電腦、膝上型電腦、平板電腦、遊戲機、智慧手機、個人數位助理、或可運行電腦應用程式之其他電子裝置。各式運算裝置112-116之硬體資源112b-116b可包括中央處理單元(「CPU」)、儲存裝置、繪圖處理單元(「GPU」)、網路通訊硬體、顯示螢幕、攝影機、麥克風等。儲存裝置可包括光碟儲存裝置、RAM、ROM、EEPROM、快閃記憶體、相位改變記憶體、磁性卡帶、磁帶、磁碟儲存裝置、或用以儲存所欲資訊之任何其他電腦儲存媒體。
在實施例中，DCOS 102藉由網路連結所有多運算裝置112-116彼此通訊，而管理多運算裝置112-116作為單一實體。多運算裝置112-116可經由網路彼此通訊，其中網路可為任何類型蜂巢式、基於IP、或整合式電信網路，包括但不侷限於全球行動通訊系統(GSM)、通用封包無線服務(GPRS)、增強型數據GSM環境(EDGE)、全球互通微波存取(WiMAX)、通用行動電信系統(UMTS)、演進資料優化(EVDO)、長期演進(LTE)、超行動寬頻(UMB)、網際網路語音協定(VolP)、非授權行動存取(UMA)等。
在實施例中，DCOS核心104管理各式運算裝置112-116中儲存模組之記憶體存取，判定哪一應用程式存取哪一硬體資源，維持檔案系統管理使用者/應用程式資料，及隨時針對最佳作業而設置或重置(運算裝置112-116之)CPU的操作狀態。在實施例中，DCOS核心104包括韌體及裝置驅動器，其以基本位準控制運算裝置112-116之硬體資源。
在實施例中，DCOS核心104包括應用程式介面(「API」)，其與各直接管理個別運算裝置112-116之硬體資源的本地OS核心112a-116a(例如，Linux核心)互動。在實施例中，DCOS核心104使用本地OS核心112a-116a控制各式硬體資源，以實施由DCOS核心104提供之任務/服務。
例如，DCOS核心104維持檔案系統以將儲存之資料組織為檔案階層及目錄，其中與各式檔案及目錄相關聯之資料係儲存於各式運算裝置112-116之非揮發性記憶體中。在實施例中，為儲存相關資料，DCOS核心104將資料分為資料塊，並判定各式運算裝置112-116之各式非揮發性記憶體中儲存資料塊的記憶體位置。
在實施例中，DCOS核心104維持各式本地OS核心112a-116a及由本地OS核心112a-116a管理之硬體資源間之映射。DCOS核心104使用映射以發送請求至以記憶體位置管理非揮發性記憶體之本地OS核心104，而將資料塊儲存於記憶體位置中。本地OS核心104使用 韌體(例如，硬碟韌體)控制非揮發性記憶體(例如，硬碟)，以將資料塊儲存於請求之記憶體位置中。
在實施例中，DCOS 102包括資料庫106，其致能將實施之任務相關各式一般作業系統，例如檔案調處。在實施例中，資料庫106係以C/C++編寫。資料庫106包括例如管理顯示及視窗管理器之資料庫、支援各式音頻及視訊格式及編解碼(包括其播放及紀錄)之資料庫、用於呈現2D及3D繪圖之資料庫、支援資料庫引擎之資料庫等。在實施例中，資料庫106係由DCOS 102跨越運算裝置112-116之儲存裝置儲存。
在實施例中，DCOS 102包括應用程式框架108，其提供API陣列，可由開發者再利用以實施各式標準功能。當將執行應用程式框架108中所包括之標準功能時，於DCOS 102上執行之應用程式直接與應用程式框架108互動。在實施例中，框架包含管理器，其管理操縱應用程式生命週期之活動；管理器，其致能應用程式創建訂製警報及用以創建佈局之視圖，包括諸如網格、清單、按鈕等組件；管理器，其管理由應用程式使用之外部資源；內容提供者，致能應用程式間之資料共用等。
在實施例中，應用程式框架108係由DCOS 102跨越運算裝置112-116之儲存裝置儲存。應注意的是以上DCOS 102之各式組件的說明並不希望窮舉。DCOS 102可包括DCOS 102作動所需之其他組件，並可如本技藝中具有一般技術之人士所思考改進DCOS 102之效能。 此外，圖1中所提供之DCOS 102的架構希望作為描繪範例。因此，如本技藝中具有一般技術之人士所思考，DCOS 102可包括其他架構。
在實施例中，環境100包括應用程式層110，其包含安裝在DCOS 102上並使用運算裝置112-116之儲存裝置儲存的各式電腦應用程式。安裝在DCOS 102上之電腦應用程式可包括用於一般產製性及資訊檢索之應用程式，包括電子郵件、日曆、聯絡人、股市及天氣資訊。電腦應用程式亦可包括其他種類應用程式，諸如手機遊戲、工廠自動化、GPS及基於位置之服務、銀行、訂單追蹤、購票或如本技藝中具有一般技術之人士所思考之任何其他種類。
在實施例中，DCOS 102之狀況使用多運算裝置112-116之硬體資源112b-116b執行，並管理所有運算裝置112-116之硬體資源112b-116b作為單一實體。例如，與DCOS 102相關聯之執行緒可由DCOS 102以與本地OS核心112a-116a之一者相關聯之資源執行，其中執行緒相關功能係由與本地OS核心112a-116a相關聯之CPU執行。當執行緒希望執行功能時，DCOS核心104將功能轉換為資料處理指令並與管理硬體資源(例如CPU、記憶體等)之本地OS核心112a-116a協調以執行指令。
在一範例中，與DCOS 102相關聯之執行緒可為用於經由運算裝置112-116之任一使用者介面接收使用者輸入的執行緒。當經由運算裝置112-116之一者之使用 者介面接收使用者輸入時，管理使用者介面之本地OS核心112a-116a便接收中斷信號。與DCOS 102相關聯之執行緒定期詢問本地OS核心112a-116a之每一者以判定是否接收中斷。當檢測到中斷時，執行緒便通知DCOS 102之其他服務中斷及與中斷相關聯之任何資料位置。DCOS 102之其他服務接著可實施與接收之中斷相關聯之功能。
例如，當使用者經由運算裝置112-116之顯示螢幕點擊應用程式之圖示時，運算裝置112-116之本地OS核心便接收中斷。用於聆聽使用者輸入之執行緒輪詢本地OS核心而檢測下一次中斷。執行緒接著通知DCOS 102之其他服務中斷及與中斷相關聯之任何資料位置。其他服務組合中斷與應用程式之圖示的使用者點擊以調用DCOS 102上之應用程式並調用該應用程式。
DCOS 102亦可刷新與本地OS核心112a-116a相關聯之顯示螢幕，經此接收中斷以顯示與調用之應用程式相關聯之內容。在實施例中，DCOS 102亦刷新將由與具與調用之應用程式相關聯之內容之其他本地OS核心112a-116a相關聯之每一顯示螢幕顯示的顯示內容。以此方式，與運算裝置112-116相關聯之使用者可於任何時候在任一裝置112-116間切換，並可使用目前使用之裝置112-116中之應用程式恢復。
在實施例中，DCOS 102使用資料複製策略以複製執行DCOS 102及安裝於DCOS 102上之各式應用程式所需之資料。在若干狀況中，管理一組運算裝置112- 116及跨越該組裝置112-116之硬體資源而儲存DCOS 102及應用程式相關資料的DCOS 102可能無法存取裝置112-116之一者的硬體資源。在實施例中，當多運算裝置之任一裝置因例如電池沒電、離線模式執行等而無回應時，DCOS 102可藉由複製資料而持續操作及管理運算裝置112-116之子集。
在實施例中，DCOS核心104管理及實施資料複製策略。在實施例中，DCOS核心104依據觀察之資料存取型態而動態微調策略。例如，使用者使用二特定運算裝置上且未在DCOS 102管理之任一其他裝置中之特定應用程式。依據觀察之存取型態，DCOS核心104將僅複製與二特定裝置之儲存裝置中之應用程式相關聯之資料，同時未複製任一其他裝置中之資料，因為當二特定裝置無法存取時，使用者亦不可能需要該些應用程式資料。
在實施例中，DCOS核心104複製資料使得所需資料之複本可能可用於運算裝置子集的預定組合。在實施例中，DCOS核心104於資料儲存於運算裝置112-116之儲存裝置期間複製資料。在實施例中，DCOS核心104依據預定事件之發生而複製資料。預定事件可包括依據特定運算裝置112-116之電池電量的閾值、依據特定運算裝置112-116之通訊延遲的閾值等。
在實施例中，DCOS核心104依據使用者設定而複製資料，其中設定可依據介於需要每一儲存之資料跨越運算裝置112-116之每一者複製的保守複製模式至需要 在所有運算裝置112-116總是可彼此存取之假設下資料複製的積極複製模式之規模而予設定。
在實施例中，DCOS核心104依據刻意使用特定運算裝置112-116而複製資料。例如，當其他裝置無法存取時，若特定運算裝置112-116需可由使用者操作，則DCOS核心104複製在特定運算裝置112-116上運行DCOS 102之狀況所需之所有資料，不需存取其他運算裝置112-116上之資料。類似地，當其他裝置無法存取時，DCOS核心104複製與使用者經由特定運算裝置112-116使用之應用程式相關之任何資料。
在若干狀況中，運算裝置112-116中之本地OS核心112a-116a可使用運算裝置112-116中所儲存之DCOS 102相關資料以啟動DCOS 102。在實施例中，DCOS 102維持管理之裝置清單及識別資訊以建立與其他可存取運算裝置112-116之通訊。在實施例中，當DCOS 102之另一狀況未管理其他可存取運算裝置112-116時，DCOS核心104與其他可存取裝置112-116之本地OS核心112a-116a通訊，以管理與本地OS核心112a-116a相關聯之硬體資源。在實施例中，DCOS核心104刷新其他可存取裝置112-116之本地OS核心112a-116a之顯示螢幕上的內容，以顯示DCOS 102之首頁螢幕。
在實施例中，當DCOS 102之另一狀況管理其他可存取運算裝置112-116時，DCOS核心104之二狀況彼此通訊以重新同步任何修改資料及使跨越由DCOS 102 管理之所有運算裝置112-116的任何應用程式狀態一致。在實施例中，DCOS核心104之二狀況促使運算裝置112-116之使用者解決任何衝突。例如，當DCOS核心104之二狀況間之視訊遊戲之特定狀況的狀態不同時，可促使使用者於保持哪一遊戲狀態及拋棄哪一者間挑選。
在實施例中，當DCOS核心104之不同狀況間之資料已重新同步時，DCOS核心104之一狀況假定控制所有運算裝置112-116，同時終止DCOS核心104之其他狀況。假定控制之DCOS核心104的狀況可依據重新同步前目前由DCOS核心104管理之運算裝置112-116。
現在參照圖2，圖2為方塊圖，描繪可交互操作運算裝置之示例環境200，其中技術可於各式實施例中操作。環境200包括多運算裝置202、204、206，其由DCOS 102a-102c之狀況使用運算裝置202-206之硬體資源202d執行管理為單一實體。DCOS 102a-102c之各式組件(例如，DCOS 102a-102c之檔案系統)係跨越多運算裝置202-206之硬體資源儲存。
例如，與DCOS 102a-102c之檔案系統相關聯之資料係跨越各種運算裝置202-206之記憶體資源儲存。當需提供存取檔案系統時，DCOS 102a-102c跨越運算裝置202-206收集與檔案系統相關聯之任何所需資料。類似地，DCOS 102a-102c之狀況的執行係使用跨越運算裝置202-206之可用硬體資源實施。例如，當與執行DCOS 102a-102c之狀況相關聯之執行緒希望執行功能時，DCOS 102a-102c之核心將功能轉換為資料處理指令，並協調管理運算裝置202-206之每一者之硬體資源202d(例如，CPU、記憶體等)的各式本地OS核心202c以執行指令。
如以上所討論，在實施例中，當多運算裝置之任一裝置因例如電池沒電等而無回應時，DCOS 102a-102c可持續操作及管理運算裝置112-116之子集。該等運算裝置112-116之子集的作業被視為未連接模式執行，其中由DCOS 102a-102c管理之資料狀態的任何改變由DCOS 102a-102c紀錄及維持為本地狀態202b。
在若干狀況中，其他無回應運算裝置112-116亦可以未連接模式運行，同時維持資料改變作為本地狀態202b。在實施例中，當管理運算裝置112-116之子集的DCOS 102a-102c檢測先前無法存取/未回應運算裝置112-116時，DCOS 102a-102c使用維持之本地狀態202b同步運算裝置112-116間之狀態，且管理所有運算裝置112-116回至一致狀態202a。
在一致狀態202a中，CCOS 102a-102c詢問本地OS核心202c以提供使用由本地OS核心202c管理之硬體資源202d執行之執行緒208的狀態，及由本地OS核心202c管理之硬體資源210的狀態。收集之一致狀態形成DCOS 102a-102c之執行狀態。參照圖6提供重新同步運算裝置112-116之二子集以未連接模式運行及管理運算裝置112-116回至一致狀態之其餘細節。
現在參照圖3，圖3為流程圖，描繪由DCOS 102實施之應用程式安裝程序300以將應用程式安裝於DCOS 102上，符合各式實施例。程序300始自方塊302。在方塊304，DCOS 102接收請求，經由運算裝置112-116之使用者介面將應用程式安裝於DCOS上，其中裝置112-116為由DCOS 102管理之裝置群組的一部分。
在方塊306，DCOS 102判定將應用程式安裝於DCOS上之資源需求。在方塊308，DCOS 102判定跨越由DCOS管理之裝置群組而安裝應用程式之可用資源。在方塊310，DCOS 102藉由比較可用資源及判定之安裝應用程式之所需資源，而判定是否有充分資源可用以安裝應用程式。若無充分資源安裝應用程式，則安裝程序終止，並通知使用者原因。程序300接著於方塊324返回。
在方塊312，若有充分資源安裝應用程式，則DCOS 102將應用程式安裝於DCOS 102上。在方塊314，DCOS判定是否有資料複製政策用以跨越多位置/裝置複製儲存之資料。在方塊316，DCOS分配記憶體資源以儲存與應用程式之安裝相關聯之資料塊(及任何複本)，其中儲存之資料塊的記憶體資源係由與裝置群組中每一裝置相關聯之本地OS核心112a-116a管理。
在方塊318，DCOS 102請求管理記憶體資源用以儲存資料塊之本地OS核心112a-116a儲存與安裝之應用程式相關聯之資料塊。在方塊320，DCOS 102請求本地OS核心112a-116a確認資料塊之儲存。在方塊322，DCOS維持跨越裝置群組之記憶體資源之資料塊及 其相關聯記憶體位置的映射。
程序300接著在方塊324返回。熟悉本技藝之人士將理解圖3中所描繪、以上所說明及以上所討論之每一流程圖中之邏輯，可以各式方式改變。例如，邏輯之順序可重新配置，子步驟可並列實施，描繪之邏輯可省略，可包括其他邏輯等。
現在參照圖4，圖4為流程圖，描繪由DCOS 102實施之應用程式執行程序400，以於DCOS 102上以連接模式執行應用程式，符合各式實施例。程序400始自方塊402。在方塊404，DCOS 102接收請求以經由裝置112-116之使用者介面而於DCOS上執行應用程式，其中裝置112-116為由DCOS 102管理之一部分裝置群組112-116。
在方塊406，DCOS 102判定來自與裝置群組相關聯之資源之執行應用程式的可用資源，其中成群裝置112-116之每一者包括相關聯本地OS核心112a-116a以管理其資源。在方塊408，DCOS 102分配一部分可用資源以執行應用程式，其中通知來自裝置群組112-116之裝置112-116的本地OS核心112a-116a，其資源形成一部分分配之資源，以分配資源來執行應用程式。在方塊410，DCOS 102判定需要跨越裝置群組中裝置112-116之記憶體儲存的一部分資料，以啟動應用程式之狀況的執行。
在方塊412，DCOS 102使用資料塊及其位置間之映射判定部分資料之位置。在方塊414，DCOS 102 判定裝置群組112-116之所有裝置112-116是否可存取。在一狀況中，若與存取儲存於特定裝置112-116中之資料相關聯之延遲超過預先定義之閾值，則特定裝置112-116可視為無法由DCOS 102存取。在方塊422，若並非所有裝置112-116可用，則DCOS 102啟動以未連接模式執行應用程式。參照圖5詳細討論未連接模式。
在方塊416，若成群之所有裝置112-116可用，則DCOS 102收集執行應用程式之狀況所需之跨越成群裝置112-116中裝置112-116之記憶體儲存的一部分資料。在方塊418，DCOS使用來自裝置群組之所選裝置112-116中可用資源之分配部分執行應用程式之狀況，其中所選裝置112-116之本地OS核心112a-116a實施與個別分配之資源相關聯之功能。
在方塊420，DCOS經由裝置之每一使用者介面顯示與應用程式之狀況執行相關聯之輸出，其中與裝置112-116相關聯之使用者可於任何特定時間經由裝置112-116之任一使用者介面存取顯示之輸出。程序400接著於方塊424返回。
現在參照圖5，圖5為流程圖，描繪由DCOS 102實施之應用程式執行程序500，而以未連接模式於DCOS 102上執行應用程式，符合各式實施例。程序500始自方塊502。在方塊504，DCOS 102判定成群裝置112-116之裝置112-116為回應/可存取。在方塊506，DCOS 102從與裝置群組之回應裝置112-116相關聯之資源判定 執行應用程式之可用資源。在方塊508，DCOS 102判定啟動執行應用程式之狀況所需之跨越回應裝置之記憶體儲存的部分資料。
在方塊510，DCOS 102使用資料塊及其位置間之映射判定部分資料之位置。在方塊512，DCOS 102從回應/可存取裝置判定啟動執行所需之所有資料是否可用。在方塊514，若所需之資料不可用以啟動執行，DCOS 102請求與裝置112-116相關聯之使用者致能裝置群組112-116之至少一先前未回應裝置112-116，於重新啟動應用程式之執行前回應。程序500接著於方塊526返回。
在方塊516，若所需之資料可用，DCOS 102收集執行應用程式之狀況所需之跨越成群裝置112-116中回應裝置112-116之記憶體儲存的一部分資料。在方塊518，DCOS 102分配一部分可用資源以執行應用程式，其中通知回應裝置112-116之本地OS核心112a-116a，其資源形成一部分分配之資源，以分配資源執行應用程式。
在方塊520，DCOS 102使用來自回應裝置之所選裝置112-116中可用資源之分配部分執行應用程式之狀況，其中所選裝置112-116之本地OS核心112a-116a實施與個別分配之資源相關聯之功能。在方塊522，DCOS 102紀錄應用程式之執行狀況的資料交易，作為應用程式之本地狀態。
在方塊524，DCOS 102經由回應裝置之每一 使用者介面顯示與應用程式狀況之執行相關聯之輸出，其中與裝置112-116相關聯之使用者可於任何特定時間經由回應裝置112-116之任一使用者介面存取顯示之輸出。程序500接著於方塊526返回。
現在參照圖6，圖6為流程圖，描繪由DCOS 102實施之應用程式狀態重新同步程序600，以於未連接模式執行之裝置112-116的子集回復至連接模式時重新同步應用程式狀態，符合各式實施例。程序600始自方塊602。
在方塊604，管理與使用者相關聯之裝置群組之裝置子集的DCOS 102檢測目前未由DCOS 102管理之裝置群組之裝置的另一子集。在方塊606，DCOS 102檢測管理裝置之其他子集之DCOS 102的另一狀況。在方塊608，DCOS 102將一或多應用程式之目前狀態判定為於DCOS 102的其他狀況上執行。
在方塊610，DCOS 102判定特定應用程式之目前狀態是否為未同步。在一狀況中，DCOS 102詢問本地狀態以判定狀態是否包括與特定應用程式相關聯之任何資料修改。在方塊612，若判定特定應用程式為未同步，則DCOS 102請求使用者挑選特定應用程式是否應由DCOS維持為特定應用程式之二狀況。
在實施例中，DCOS 102通知特定應用程式執行未同步，並允許特定應用程式利用其內建未同步/衝突解決部件之一者以解決衝突。DCOS 102支援特定應用程 式之衝突解決部件的實施。例如，視訊遊戲Angry Birds®可包括衝突解決部件，其允許使用者組合未同步狀態間之遊戲進程(例如，已過關數、所贏得最高分數等)，以創建單一目前狀態，其反映跨越未同步狀態之最後組合遊戲進程。在另一狀況中，部件可允許使用者維持遊戲之未同步狀態為遊戲之二分別狀況。
在方塊614，若使用者挑選維持特定應用程式之二狀況，則DCOS 102使用應用程式之二狀況的本地狀態，以創建應用程式之二狀況的一致狀態為在DCOS 102上執行。在方塊616，若使用者挑選不維持特定應用程式之二狀況，則DCOS 102請求使用者是否保持在DCOS102上執行之特定應用程式之狀況的狀態，並拋棄目前未由DCOS 102管理之特定應用程式之其他狀況的狀態。
在方塊618，若使用者挑選保持特定應用程式上之狀態為DCOS 102上可用，則使用在DCOS上運行之應用程式之狀況的本地狀態，以創建應用程式之一致狀態並恢復與應用程式之其他拋棄狀況相關聯之狀態的任何改變。在方塊620，若使用者挑選保持特定應用程式之其他狀態，則DCOS 102使用在其他DCOS 102上執行之應用程式之狀況的本地狀態，以創建應用程式之一致狀態並恢復與應用程式之拋棄狀況相關聯之狀態的任何改變。程序600接著在方塊622返回。
圖7為可用以實施揭露之技術之若干實施例特徵之運算系統的方塊圖。運算系統700可包括一或多中 央處理單元(「處理器」)705、記憶體710、輸入/輸出裝置725(例如，鍵盤及指向裝置、顯示裝置)、儲存裝置720(例如，碟片機、快閃記憶體等)、及連接至互連715的網路適配器730(例如，網路介面)。互連715描繪為抽象化，其代表任何一或多不同實體匯流排、點對點連接、或由適當橋接器、適配器、或控制器連接之二者。因此，互連715可包括例如系統匯流排、週邊組件互連(PCI)匯流排或PCI快速匯流排、超傳輸或產業標準架構(ISA)匯流排、小運算系統介面(SCSI)匯流排、通用串列匯流排(USB)、IIC(I2C)匯流排、電氣及電子工程師協會(IEEE)標準1394匯流排(亦稱為「火線」)、或任何類型蜂巢式、基於IP或整合式電信網路，包括但不侷限於全球行動通訊系統(GSM)、全球互通微波存取(WiMAX)等。
記憶體710及儲存裝置720為電腦可讀取儲存媒體，其可儲存實施至少部分說明之技術的指令。此外，資料結構及信息結構可儲存或經由資料傳輸媒體傳輸，諸如通訊鏈路上之信號。可使用各式通訊鏈路，諸如點對點撥號連接。因而，電腦可讀取媒體可包括電腦可讀取儲存媒體(例如，「非暫態」媒體)及電腦可讀取傳輸媒體。
儲存於記憶體710中之指令可實施為軟體及/或韌體以規劃處理器705而實施以上說明之動作。在若干實施例中，該等軟體或韌體最初可從遠端系統下載經由 運算系統700(例如，經由網路適配器730)而提供至處理系統700。
文中所介紹之技術可由例如以軟體及/或韌體規劃之可編程電路(例如，一或多微處理器)實施，或完全以專用固線式(非可編程)電路實施，或以該等形式之組合實施。專用固線式電路之形式可為例如一或多ASIC、PLD、FPGA等。
本說明書中提及「一實施例」或「實施例」表示結合實施例所說明之特定部件、結構、或特性係包括於揭露之至少一實施例中。本說明書中各處出現之「在一實施例中」用語不一定均指相同實施例，亦非與其他實施例互斥之不同或替代實施例。再者，說明各式部件，可由若干實施例而非其他實施例展現。類似地，說明各式需求，其可為若干實施例而非其他實施例之需求。
本說明書中使用之用詞在本技藝中、揭露之文字內、及在每一用詞使用之特定文字中通常具有其普通含意。用以說明揭露之某些用詞係在以下或本說明書之其他地方討論，以對業者提供有關揭露之說明的額外指引。為求方便，可強調某些用詞，例如使用斜體字及/或引號。使用強調並不影響用詞之範圍及意義；在相同文字中，用詞之範圍及意義相同，不論其是否被強調。將理解的是可以一種以上方式述說相同事情。將認同的是「記憶體」為一種「儲存裝置」，且二用詞偶爾交換使用。
因此，替代語言及同義字可用於文中所討論 之任何一或多用詞，不論文中闡述或討論用詞，亦無加諸任何特殊意義。提供某些用詞之同義字。列舉一或多同義字並未排除使用其他同義字。包括文中所討論之任何用詞之範例的本說明書中任何地方使用之範例僅為描繪，不希望進一步侷限揭露或任何示例用詞之範圍及意義。同樣地，揭露不侷限於本說明書中提供之各式實施例。
不希望進一步侷限揭露之範圍，以下提供儀器、設備、方法之範例及依據本揭露之實施例的其相關結果。請注意，為讀者方便，範例中可使用標題或子標題，其不應侷限揭露之範圍。除非定義，文中所使用之所有技術及科學用詞具有與本揭露相關之本技藝中一般技術之人士所共同了解的相同意義。在衝突之狀況下，將以包括定義之本文件為主。
以上說明及圖式為描繪，並不解釋為侷限。說明許多特定細節，以提供揭露之徹底了解。然而，在某些狀況下，未說明熟知細節以避免混淆說明。此外，可進行各式修改而未偏離技術範圍。因此，除了申請項所定義外，並未侷限於該技術。
200‧‧‧環境
102a-102c‧‧‧分散式作業系統
202、204、206‧‧‧運算裝置
202c‧‧‧本地作業系統核心
202d、210‧‧‧硬體資源
202a‧‧‧一致狀態
202b‧‧‧本地狀態
208‧‧‧執行緒

Claims (22)

  1. 一種可交互操作執行指令之多運算裝置的管理方法，該方法包含：由分散式作業系統(「DCOS」)接收將執行之該指令，其中，該DCOS之狀況為使用與該多運算裝置相關聯之資源執行，該多運算裝置之每一者包含相關本地OS核心，其管理與特定運算裝置相關聯之特定資源；由該DCOS判定可用資源以執行來自與該多運算裝置相關聯之該資源的該指令；由該DCOS分配一部分該可用資源以執行該指令，該分配包含通知具有相關資源之該多運算裝置之一或多者，該相關資源形成該可用資源之一部分該分配部分以執行該指令；由該DCOS收集啟動該指令之執行所需之資料塊，其中，該資料塊係儲存於該多運算裝置之特定運算裝置的記憶體中；以及由該DCOS使用該收集之資料塊及該多運算裝置之該一或多者中該可用資源之該分配部分來執行該指令。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，進一步包含：由該DCOS經由與該特定運算裝置相關聯之特定使用者介面之每一者顯示與該指令之該執行相關聯之輸出；以及與該多運算裝置相關聯之使用者於特定時間經由該特定使用者介面之任一者存取該顯示之輸出。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中，收集啟動該指令之執行所需之該資料塊進一步包含：由該DCOS識別該資料塊之位置，其中，該識別之位置包含參照儲存該資料塊之該特定運算裝置；由該DCOS判定該特定運算裝置之回應狀態；當該特定運算裝置之該狀態經判定為無回應時，促使該使用者啟動該特定運算裝置；以及藉由使用該識別之位置詢問該資料塊之該特定運算裝置，而由該DCOS收集該資料塊。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中，該多運算裝置之該一或多者之每一者實施與其個別資源相關聯之功能，該個別資源形成該可用資源之該一部分該分配部分以執行該指令。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中，該通知包括向該多電腦之該一或多者之每一者之該本地OS核心請求分配形成該可用資源之該一部分該分配部分的相關資源以執行該指令。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，進一步包含：使用與該多運算裝置相關聯之該資源以跨越該多運算裝置安裝該DCOS。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，進一步包含：基於在該DCOS上運行之應用程式的狀況，產生將執行之該指令。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中，該特定運 算系統包含智慧手機、平板電腦、及膝上型電腦之任一者；以及其中，與該特定運算裝置相關聯之該本地OS核心可包含微核心、單片核心、及奈米核心之任一者。
  9. 一種交互操作執行應用程式之狀況之多運算裝置的管理方法，包含：由分散式作業系統(「DCOS」)判定可用資源以執行來自與該多運算裝置相關聯之資源的該應用程式，其中，該DCOS之狀況為使用與該多運算裝置相關聯之該資源執行，該多運算裝置之每一者包含相關本地OS核心，其管理與特定運算裝置相關聯之特定資源；由該DCOS分配一部分該可用資源以執行該應用程式，該分配包含通知該多運算裝置之一或多者，其相關資源形成該可用資源之一部分該分配部分用以執行該應用程式；由該DCOS收集啟動該應用程式之該狀況之執行所需之資料塊，其中，該資料塊係儲存於該多運算裝置之特定運算裝置的記憶體中；由該DCOS使用該多運算裝置之該一或多者中該可用資源之該分配部分來執行該應用程式之該狀況；以及由該DCOS經由與該特定運算裝置相關聯之特定使用者介面之每一者顯示與該應用程式之該狀況之該執行相關聯之輸出，其中，與該多運算裝置相關聯之使用者可於特定時間經由該特定使用者介面之任一者存取該顯示之輸 出。
  10. 如申請專利範圍第9項之方法，其中，該多運算裝置之該一或多者之每一者實施與其個別資源相關聯之功能，該個別資源形成該可用資源之該一部分該分配部分以執行該應用程式之該狀況。
  11. 如申請專利範圍第9項之方法，其中，收集啟動該應用程式之該狀況之執行所需之該資料塊進一步包含：由該DCOS識別該資料塊之位置，其中，該識別之位置包含參照儲存該資料塊之該特定運算裝置；由該DCOS判定該特定運算裝置之回應狀態；當該特定運算裝置之該狀態經判定為無回應時，促使該使用者啟動該特定運算裝置；以及藉由使用該識別之位置詢問該資料塊之該特定運算裝置，而由該DCOS收集該資料塊。
  12. 如申請專利範圍第9項之方法，其中，該通知包括向該多電腦之該一或多者之每一者之該本地OS核心請求分配形成該可用資源之該一部分該分配部分的相關資源以執行該應用程式之該狀況。
  13. 如申請專利範圍第9項之方法，進一步包含：使用與該多運算裝置相關聯之該資源以跨越該多運算裝置安裝該DCOS。
  14. 如申請專利範圍第9項之方法，進一步包含：基於在該DCOS上運行之應用程式的狀況，產生將執行之該指令。
  15. 如申請專利範圍第9項之方法，其中，該特定運算系統包含智慧手機、平板電腦、及膝上型電腦之任一者；以及其中，與該特定運算裝置相關聯之該本地OS核心可包含微核心、單片核心、及奈米核心之任一者。
  16. 一種儲存電腦可執行指令之電腦可讀取儲存媒體，包含：判定執行來自與由分散式作業系統(「DCOS」)管理之多運算裝置相關聯之資源之應用程式之可用資源的指令，其中，該DCOS之狀況為使用與該多運算裝置相關聯之資源執行，該多運算裝置之每一者包含相關本地OS核心以管理與特定運算裝置相關聯之特定資源；分配一部分該可用資源以執行該應用程式的指令，該分配包含通知具有相關資源之該多運算裝置之一或多者，該相關資源形成該可用資源之一部分該分配部分以執行該應用程式；收集啟動該應用程式之該狀況之執行所需之資料塊的指令，其中，該資料塊係儲存於該多運算裝置之特定運算裝置的記憶體中；使用該多運算裝置之該一或多者中該可用資源之該分配部分來執行該應用程式之該狀況的指令；以及經由與該特定運算裝置相關聯之特定使用者介面之每一者顯示與該應用程式之該狀況之該執行相關聯之輸出的指令，其中，與該多運算裝置相關聯之使用者可於特定時 間經由該特定使用者介面之任一者存取該顯示之輸出。
  17. 如申請專利範圍第16項之電腦可讀取儲存媒體，其中，該多運算裝置之該一或多者之每一者實施與其個別資源相關聯之功能，該個別資源形成該可用資源之該一部分該分配部分以執行該應用程式之該狀況。
  18. 如申請專利範圍第16項之電腦可讀取儲存媒體，其中，收集啟動該應用程式之該狀況之執行所需之該資料塊進一步包含：識別該資料塊之位置的指令，其中，該識別之位置包含參照儲存該資料塊之該特定運算裝置；判定該特定運算裝置之回應狀態的指令；當該特定運算裝置之該狀態經判定為無回應時，促使該使用者啟動該特定運算裝置的指令；以及藉由使用該識別之位置詢問該資料塊之該特定運算裝置而收集該資料塊的指令。
  19. 如申請專利範圍第16項之電腦可讀取儲存媒體，其中，該通知包括向該多電腦之該一或多者之每一者之該本地OS核心請求分配形成該可用資源之該一部分該分配部分的相關資源以執行該應用程式之該狀況。
  20. 如申請專利範圍第16項之電腦可讀取儲存媒體，進一步包含：使用與該多運算裝置相關聯之該資源以跨越該多運算裝置安裝該DCOS。
  21. 如申請專利範圍第16項之電腦可讀取儲存媒 體，進一步包含：基於在該DCOS上運行之應用程式的狀況，產生將執行之該指令。
  22. 如申請專利範圍第21項之電腦可讀取儲存媒體，其中，該特定運算系統包含智慧手機、平板電腦、及膝上型電腦之任一者；以及其中，與該特定運算裝置相關聯之該本地OS核心可包含微核心、單片核心、及奈米核心之任一者。
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