TW201400778A - Grain drying method - Google Patents

Abstract

There is provided a method for using grain drying equipment having respective dry units, each including a hot air drying machine with a hot air drying section and a grain elevator, connected in series for a plurality of stages to make a grain as a raw material into a moisture-regulated grain by causing the grain to pass through the grain drying equipment once. In each dry unit, hot air temperature is regulated so as to achieve an on-delivery grain moisture value set for the corresponding stage. A moisture amount by which moisture is to be reduced in each stage is set as a moisture value to be achieved in the stage from the difference between a moisture value of the grain as the raw material and a target moisture value. The hot air temperature is determined from the difference between an on-acceptance grain moisture value and the set on-delivery grain moisture value in each stage. The temperature is experimentally determined and stored as a data table in a control section. An appropriate hot air temperature is determined from the data table.

Description

Grain drying method

The present invention relates to a method for drying a grain by drying a grain of rice, wheat, or the like by a grain drying apparatus having a plurality of dryers connected in series through a grain conveying passage.

The grain after the harvest of rice and other crops should be dried before storage to adjust the water to avoid mold and so on. In this case, if it is dried quickly by one drying, the grain will be cracked and become a defective product. Therefore, the drying step is generally set to a plurality of stages to gradually dry to a specified moisture value. On the other hand, during the harvesting period, the freshly harvested raw material grains will be concentrated in the common drying equipment having the grain drying function. Therefore, in a large-scale grain sharing drying apparatus, the grain drying is usually carried out by a grain drying apparatus equipped with a plurality of dryers.

In such a drying apparatus, a plurality of hot air dryers are disposed adjacent to each other, and the respective feeding side and discharge side of the dryers are connected to each other through a grain elevator and a grain conveying passage. Then, the raw material grain is put into the hot air dryer at the forefront, and then passed through the grain elevator and the grain conveying passage to pass through each hot air dryer until the grain is dried by passing through the hottest air dryer at the end.

[Practical Technical Literature] [Patent Literature]

Japanese Practical New Case, Public Flat No. 4-74289

Japanese Special Report 2007-155147

For example, Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. Hei-4-74289 discloses a grain drying apparatus in which a plurality of hot air dryers are disposed adjacent to each other, and each of the hot air dryers is coupled with a grain circulating conveyor belt to be connected in a circulating state. Or switch between the serial (sequential) status. In the grain drying apparatus, the received raw material grain is individually placed in each hot air dryer for storage and initial drying, and the initially dried grain is put into the secondary storage bin. Then, the grain in the secondary storage bin is continuously moved to each hot air dryer in sequence and finally dried, and finally stored in the main storage bin.

In the grain drying method, although the raw material tank for storing the grain before drying can be omitted, it is necessary to provide a secondary storage tank. In addition, it is also necessary to carry the grain into the grain carrying device of each hot air dryer. Furthermore, after the initial drying is completed, the grain is first transported from the hot air dryer to the secondary storage bin, and when it is in the state of being evacuated, the grain is again transferred from the secondary storage bin to the hot air dryer for final drying. Therefore, the feeding and discharging of the grain take time, resulting in more loss of time. In addition, although it is a continuous drying operation, it cannot be dried to the final desired moisture value in a single operation.

Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2007-155147 discloses a grain drying apparatus which is connected to a plurality of hot air dryers from a hot air dryer of the first stage to a hot air dryer of the last stage. It discloses a drying method for achieving the finished moisture value, which is the grain drying equipment, which feeds the raw material grain into the hot air dryer of the first stage, and then sequentially passes through the hot air dryer of each stage until the last one is passed. Stage hot air dryer. The hot air dryer at each stage is circulated and dried until the moisture value of the hot air dryer set at each stage is reached. Then, if the moisture value of the grain has reached the moisture value set in each stage, it will be transported to the hot air dryer of the next stage, and the hot air dryer of the last stage will discharge the valley which has reached the water value. Granules; this is the drying method disclosed.

In this method, in each hot air dryer, the moisture content of the received grain is processed by circulating drying to the value set by the hot air dryer, so that each hot air dryer is advanced. The time required for drying is not fixed. Therefore, before the hot air dryer on the downstream side completely discharges the dried grain, it is necessary to wait for the grain on the upstream side of the hot air dryer. Therefore, as far as the grain drying equipment is concerned, it is not only necessary to adjust the flow of the grain, but also the stagnation of the grain also causes considerable time loss. When the grain is stagnant, it is also necessary to maintain the moisture value of the grain in the waiting at an appropriate value.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for drying a grain which allows a grain drying apparatus in which a grain is continuously connected to a plurality of hot air dryers to be dried to a specified water content in a single pass, and the time loss thereof It is small and easy to control the hot air dryers.

The grain drying apparatus used in the present invention is provided with a hot air dryer using a hot air drying section and a storage section, from the first stage dryer No. 1 to the final stage final dryer, according to the grain Flowing and connecting the respective feed end and discharge end in series.

Then, in combination with the moisture drying reduction rate (low reduction rate) of the grain suitable for moisture adjustment, the moisture value of the grain of the raw material and the moisture value of the grain adjusted by the previously determined water content are adjusted. The gap is distributed to the hot air dryer at each stage as the moisture value of the grain when the hot air dryer of each stage is sent; and the raw material grain of the input is started by the dryer No. 1 and the dryer in each stage is sequentially It is dried and passed through once (once), and the moisture-adjusted grain is taken out by the final dryer. Further, in each stage of the hot air dryer, the grain moisture value at the time of the input is measured, and the moisture value and the grain moisture value set in the respective hot air dryers are adjusted according to the measured amount to adjust The temperature of the hot air supplied to the hot air drying section of each dryer. The hot air temperature is determined based on the data of the grain moisture-hot air temperature gauge stored in the control unit to obtain the grain moisture value at the time of delivery of the hot air dryer set at this stage.

There is also a case where a grain drying apparatus which can perform the following operations is employed: the hot air dryers of the respective stages are connected in series according to the flow of the grain, and the delivery section of the hot air dryer of the previous stage is made by the grain conveying passage, It is connected with the dryer of the previous stage and the receiving part of the dryer of the latter stage, and a switching valve is arranged in the middle of the grain conveying passage, so that the flow of the grain is advanced Switch between the segment side and the back side. There is also a case where the switching valve is originally switched to the front side when performing the grain drying method, and when the amount of the grain of the hot air dryer originally stored in the previous stage exceeds the capacity of the hot air drying unit, The grain located in the hot air drying section is returned to the storage section; when all the original grain at this position has been returned to the storage section, the switching valve is switched to the rear section side, and this time, the hot air drying section is not passed. The grain is circulated, but it is sent to the next stage of the series operation.

Occasionally, by timing, the following two occurrences are determined: the amount of grain originally stored in the dryer of the previous stage exceeds the capacity of the hot air drying section, and the original grain in the hot air drying section has all been Return to the storage department. In addition to the timing, a level sensor or the like which can measure the degree of accumulation of the grain can also be used.

Moreover, the grain drying method may also be: at the time when all the original grain in the hot air drying part of the hot air dryer of the previous stage has been returned to the storage part, and the hot air dryer and the grain elevator are driven in the latter stage. machine.

Further, as a means for stopping the grain drying apparatus, a method of detecting a grain sensor for detecting a grain sent from a hot air dryer at each stage may be employed at a grain delivery point of the grain elevator. When the grain is no longer detected, the operation of the hot air dryer and the grain elevator is stopped.

Thereby, the hot air dryer and the grain elevator of each stage are sequentially stopped by the No. 1 dryer side. It is also possible to make the grain elevator attached to the No. 1 machine stop together with the stop of the No. 1 dryer.

The hot air dryer that constitutes the plurality of stages of the grain drying equipment is only subjected to a short-time cycle operation immediately after the start of each stage, and immediately becomes a tandem operation, so that the time for the grain drying operation is wasted. less.

By allowing the raw material grain to pass through the grain drying apparatus once, the moisture-adjusted grain can be obtained, so that a large amount of the harvest can be dried to a suitable moisture value with good efficiency.

At each stage of the grain drying equipment, since the grain from the raw material to the grain that has been adjusted for moisture is gradually dried without urgency to reduce the moisture of the grain, the grain turtle is less likely to be produced. Cracked and other bad grains. Since the moisture of the grain sent in the previous stage is measured, and the hot air temperature is determined according to the moisture value set by the hot air dryer at this stage, the hot air dryer of this stage can be appropriately performed. Drying action.

Moreover, the amount of dryness in the previous stage is insufficiently compensated by adjusting the hot air temperature at this stage, so the moisture value of the grain of the finished moisture adjustment sent by the hot air dryer of the last stage, It will become the moisture value of the pre-set adjustment.

The control is mainly based on the management of the operation time and the temperature adjustment by the timer or the grain level sensor, so that the structure of the control unit can be simplified.

1‧‧‧ Grain drying equipment

2‧‧‧Into the grain elevator

3‧‧‧hot air dryer

4‧‧‧ Grain Elevator

5‧‧‧Drying units

6‧‧‧ hopper

7‧‧‧reservoir

8‧‧‧Introduction of diffuser

9‧‧‧Send out

10‧‧‧Storage Department

11‧‧‧ Hot Air Drying Department

12‧‧‧hot air room

13‧‧‧Access for drying

14‧‧‧ burning furnace

15‧‧‧ heat exchanger

16‧‧‧Airway

17‧‧‧Exhaust port

18‧‧‧Adjustment valve

19‧‧‧Control Department

20‧‧‧ burner

21‧‧‧Switching valve

22‧‧‧ Grain conveying channel

23‧‧‧ Grain conveying channel on the front side

24‧‧‧ Grain transport channel on the back side

25‧‧‧Water Meter

26‧‧‧Feed sensor

27‧‧‧ Grain Sensor

28‧‧‧Temperature Sensor

29‧‧‧ Grain level sensor (50t position)

30‧‧‧ Grain Level Sensor (60t position)

I/O‧‧‧Input and output circuits

S1~S19‧‧‧Steps

A‧‧‧ bottom position of the storage tank

B‧‧‧Imaginary boundary position between the hot air drying section and the storage section

C‧‧‧The position of 50t of grain accumulated in the storage tank; level sensor

D‧‧‧ The storage tank is filled with a cumulative amount of grain of 60t; level sensor

Fig. 1 is a front view schematically showing the entirety of a grain drying apparatus for rice drying.

Fig. 2 is a front view showing one unit (drying unit) of the function of the grain drying apparatus.

Fig. 3 is a view for explaining the positional relationship of the top surface of the grain accumulated in the interior of the storage tank.

Fig. 4 is a block diagram of the control unit.

Fig. 5 is an example of a grain moisture-hot air temperature data table.

Figure 6 is a flow chart showing the processing of the core actions.

Fig. 7 is a view showing the first half of the processing flow of the action of the drying unit.

Fig. 8 is a view showing the latter half of the processing flow of the operation of the drying unit.

Fig. 9 is a block diagram of the control unit (second embodiment).

Fig. 10 is a flowchart showing the processing of the core operation (second embodiment).

Fig. 11 is a view showing the first half of the processing flow of the operation of the drying unit (second embodiment).

Fig. 12 is a view showing the second half of the processing flow of the operation of the drying unit (the second embodiment is the same as the first embodiment).

Hereinafter, the first embodiment will be described.

[Structure of grain drying equipment]

This grain drying method is carried out in the grain drying apparatus 1 shown in Fig. 1.

The grain drying apparatus 1 is composed of a drying unit 5 composed of an input grain elevator 2, a hot air dryer 3, a grain elevator 4, and the like.

The grain elevator 2 is installed, and the hopper 6 is provided in the lower part, and the side system receives the wet valley concentrated in the common drying equipment. The input grain elevator 2 transports the wet valley to the upper side, and the wet valley is put into the tank by the upper part of the storage tank 7 of the hot air dryer 3. Symbol 8 is a diffusing device for guiding the grain received from the grain elevator 2 for feeding into the inside of the tank while diffusing it inside the tank.

The hot air dryer 3 (Fig. 2) is composed of the aforementioned storage tank 7 and the delivery portion 9 at the lower portion of the storage tank. The inside of the storage tank 7 is composed of an upper storage portion 10 and a lower hot air drying portion 11.

The capacity of the storage unit 10 is larger than that of the hot air drying unit 11. In this embodiment, the capacity of the hot air drying unit 11 is 10 t (in terms of rice, the same applies hereinafter), and the capacity of the storage unit 10 is 50 t, so the maximum capacity of the storage tank 7 is The storage amount is a total of 60 t or more. Fig. 3 is a view schematically showing the position of the top surface of the grain accumulated in the storage tank 7, the symbol A shows the bottom position of the storage tank 7, and the symbol B is the virtual boundary position between the hot air drying unit 11 and the storage unit 10. The symbol C is a position where the grain of 50t is accumulated in the storage tank 7 when the grain reaches this position, and the symbol D is the position where the cumulative amount of the grain in the storage tank 7 is 60t.

The hot air drying unit 11 is composed of a hot air chamber 12 and a passage 13 for drying, and the passage 13 for drying passes through the hot air chamber 12 up to the lower delivery portion 9. The passage 13 for drying is composed of a mesh iron plate and communicates with the lower portion of the storage portion 10. Therefore, the grain can be discharged from the storage portion 10 through the passage 13 for drying toward the delivery portion 9. The delivery portion 9 is composed of a spiral conveyor belt.

As shown in Fig. 2, in the hot air chamber 12, hot air is introduced through the air supply path 16, which is generated by the heat exchanger 15 of the combustion furnace 14 as an attachment, and is passed through the passage 13 for drying. The exhaust port 17 is discharged. The grain from the storage portion 10 is dried by drying When the passage 13 is used, it is dried by hot air, so the moisture of the grain is reduced. The moisture drying reduction rate is affected by the temperature of the hot air. Further, in the middle of the air supply path 16, an adjustment valve 18 for introducing the outside air to the air supply path is disposed. The adjustment valve 18 is controlled to open and close by the control unit 19 (Fig. 1) provided in the grain drying apparatus, whereby the hot air temperature can be adjusted. The adjustment of the hot air temperature can also be adjusted by controlling the degree of combustion of the burner 20.

The grain elevator 4 basically has the same configuration as the grain elevator 2 for input, but is used to raise the grain from the delivery part 9 of the hot air dryer 3, and is sent to the switching valve 21. The grain elevators 2, 4, on the side of this implementation, transport the grain at a constant speed of 0.5 t/min. That is, the time for filling 60 t of grain into the storage tank 7 of the hot air dryer 3 by the grain elevator 2 or 4 is 120 minutes, and the time and the grain to be filled (60 t) are from the storage tank 7 The time sent by the hot air drying unit 11 is the same.

Here, as shown in Fig. 1, the hot air dryer 3 and the grain elevator 4 are grouped together to constitute one unit of the grain drying apparatus 1, and therefore this is referred to as a drying unit 5. The grain drying apparatus 1 of the embodiment is provided with a six-stage drying unit 5 which is combined with the grain conveying passage 22 by a grain elevator 4 located between the hot air dryers 3, respectively. The grain conveying passage 22 has the aforementioned switching valve 21 in the middle, and is branched into the front side and the rear side at the switching valve 21. The grain transport passage 23 on the front side is connected to the introduction diffuser 8 of the hot air dryer 3 of the previous stage, and the grain transport passage 24 on the rear side is connected to the introduction diffuser 8 of the hot air dryer 3 in the subsequent stage. When there is a need to distinguish the hot air dryer 3 or the grain elevator 4 of the drying unit 5 of each stage, the additional symbols of a to f are added to their respective symbols.

Therefore, when the switching valve 21 is switched to the front side, the grain passing through the hot air dryer 3 of the previous stage is recirculated by the grain elevator 4 to the hot air dryer 3 of the previous stage and circulated. The operation of the hot air dryer 3 that circulates the grain in this manner is called a cycle operation. When the switching valve 21 is switched to the rear side, the grain from the grain elevator 4 is conveyed to the rear side and is fed to the hot air dryer 3 of the latter stage. In this manner, the grain of the hot air dryer 3 of the previous stage does not circulate, and the hot air drying unit 11 directly inputs the operation of the hot air dryer 3 in the subsequent stage, which is called a tandem operation.

The moisture measuring device 25 is disposed in the vicinity of the delivery port of the grain elevator 2 to be placed, and the grain conveying path 24 on the downstream side of the switching valve 21 at each stage. Further, a feed sensor 26 is disposed in the vicinity of the delivery port of the input grain elevator 2, and a grain sensor 27 is disposed in the vicinity of the delivery port of the grain elevator 4. These are used to detect the presence or absence of grain. Reference numeral 28 denotes a temperature sensor which is disposed on the downstream side of the aforementioned regulating valve 18 from the conveying passage 16 of the heat exchanger 15. The burner 20 is provided with a control valve that can adjust the amount of fuel injection.

The signals from the sensors are transmitted to the control unit 19 of the grain drying device 1 through the input/output circuit I/O, and the signals for driving the valves are transmitted to the respective signals through the input/output circuit I/O. Valve (Fig. 4). Further, the control unit 19 controls the hot air temperature, the circulation operation, and the operation of the hot air dryer 3 during the serial operation by the program stored in the ROM. This control is the same as in the case of the hot air dryer of the prior art.

The grain moisture-hot air temperature data table (Fig. 5) stored in the memory of the control unit 19 can be accessed by the CPU. The data in Fig. 5 is the case where the grain is rice, (a) is the No. 1 dryer, (b) is No. 2 dryer, (c) is No. 3 dryer, and (d) is No. 4 dryer, ( e) is the No. 5 dryer, and (f) is the relevant data sheet for the No. 6 dryer.

This data shows the difference between the moisture value of the raw rice and the target moisture value determined in advance (the moisture value of the moisture-adjusted rice), and the raw material is reduced by the appropriate moisture drying reduction rate. The rice is dried to the hot air temperature at which the moisture is adjusted. The data is determined by experimentation.

That is, in the case of the raw material wet valley obtained by the harvest, the moisture value is about 25%, and the water value is lowered to about 14.5% of the target value, and is stored as a dry valley for water adjustment. In order to effectively obtain a high-quality dry-grid-removed dry valley with few cracks in the grain, it is usually circulated on one side of the rice dryer in one dryer, and the drying step is repeated six times, and slowly dried to a suitable moisture drying. Reduce the rate. According to this invention, the raw material rice which is put into the No. 1 dryer 3a is gradually dried in the No. 1 dryer No. 1 to No. 3 dryer 3f arranged in series, and once passed once (once) The rice which has been adjusted for moisture by the No. 6 dryer 3f is obtained.

A preferred example of the water content reduction standard of each of the hot air dryers 3 is as follows: in the No. 1 dryer 3a, the raw material rice having a moisture content of 25% is dried to a moisture content of 22.5% and discharged, and dried on the No. 2 The machine 3b dries the moisture having a moisture content of 22.5% to a moisture content of 20.5% and discharges it, and dries the rice having a moisture value of 20.5% to a moisture content of 18.5% in a dryer No. 3 and discharges it, and dries it on the 4th. Machine 3d dried the rice with a moisture content of 18.5% to a moisture content of 17.0% and discharged, and dried the rice with a moisture value of 17.0% to a moisture content of 15.5% in a dryer No. 5, and discharged, and dried on the 6th. The machine 3f dries the rice having a moisture content of 15.5% to a moisture content of 14.5% and discharged.

[Action by the Control Department]

The control unit 19 causes the cereal drying apparatus 1 to operate as follows.

Figure 6 shows the action flow of the backbone; when the cereal drying device 1 is operated by turning on the main power source or the like, the flag f is first initialized to f = 0 (step S1), and the grain input elevator 2 is driven. (Step S2). At this time, the hopper 6 at the lower portion of the grain elevator 2 is prepared to continuously and fully accumulate the environment of the gathered wet valley.

By the operation of the grain elevator 2, the wet valley is gradually accumulated in the storage tank 7 of the hot air dryer 3 of the first stage drying unit 5 at a rate of 0.5 t/min. At this time, the hot air dryer 3 or the grain elevator 4 is not operated.

The flag is set to f = f + 1 by the operation of the grain elevator (step S3), and the drying unit 5 of the f+1th stage is operated (step S4). Since the original system f+1=1, the drying unit 5 of the first stage is operated. After the drying unit 5 of the first stage is operated, it waits for 120 minutes in step S5, and after 120 minutes, it is judged whether or not the flag f is f=6. Before the flag f becomes f=6, the process returns to step S3 every 120 minutes, and the drying unit 5 of each stage is gradually operated. The drying unit 5 is operated from the first stage to the last stage of the drying unit 5, and this embodiment will take 120 minutes x 6 times. Then, when the drying unit 5 of the last stage is operated, the flag f will become f=6, so after step S6, the basic program of Fig. 6 comes to an end.

In other words, when the drying unit 5 of the first stage is operated in the step S4 of the aforementioned basic program, the operation shown in Fig. 7 is started. That is, the drying unit 5 in the first stage, due to the foregoing Since the operation of the grain elevator 2 is performed, the operation of putting the storage tank 7 into the wet valley continues; first, the moisture of the wet valley is measured in the vicinity of the outlet of the input grain elevator 2 (step S7). The measured moisture value (M) is transmitted to the control unit 19 through the input/output circuit I/O, and the CPU of the control unit 19 uses the moisture determination program stored in the ROM to access the grain moisture of the memory. - The hot air temperature table calculates a hot air temperature which is considered to be appropriate based on the moisture value (M) (step S8). For example, in the drying unit 5 of the first stage, if the measured moisture value is M=25%, the first row of the data table (a) is selected, and the hot air temperature supplied to the hot air dryer 3 is determined as 55 ° C.

In this state, it waits for 100 minutes to pass (step S9). During this period, since the wet grain is continuously supplied through the grain elevator 2, the wet valley of 50t is accumulated from the hot air drying unit 11 to the storage unit 10 after 100 minutes.

When 100 minutes have elapsed, it is checked whether or not the switching valve 21 has been switched to the front side (step S10), and if it is not switched to the front side, it is switched to the front side (step S11).

Then, the control unit 19 operates the drying unit 5 of the first stage. As a result, the combustion furnace 14 is operated, and the hot air generated by the heat exchanger 15 is supplied to the drying portion of the hot air dryer 3 via the air supply path 16. Further, the grain elevator 4 is driven, and the delivery portion 9 at the lower portion of the hot air dryer 3 is driven to send the grain of the hot air drying unit 11 to the grain elevator 4.

Thereby, the grain inside the storage tank 7 is sequentially dropped from the storage unit 10 to the hot air drying unit 11, and is switched to the front side by the switching valve 21, and the grain transported by the grain elevator 4 is returned again. The original storage tank 7. During this period of time, the grain originally located in the hot air drying section 11 was returned to the original storage tank 7 for 20 minutes. That is, only during this period, the hot air dryer 3 is cycled (step S12).

In addition, during the cycle operation, the wet valley is continuously put into use by the grain elevator 2, and after 20 minutes, a new batch of 10t of wet valley is put into the tank, so that a total of 60t is accumulated in the storage tank 7. Grains. Further, the grain which was originally circulated in the hot air drying unit 11 is subjected to the first hot air drying in the hot air drying unit 11.

The hot air from the heat exchanger 15 is adjusted by the opening degree of the regulating valve 18 to introduce fresh air, or the combustion amount of the burner 20 is adjusted, so that the hot air temperature of the hot air drying portion 11 of the air supply path 16 is made. The degree is close to the aforementioned decision value. This temperature adjustment is performed by feeding back the measurement value transmitted from the temperature sensor 28 provided before the hot air drying unit 11 of the air supply path 16 to the control unit 19.

After 20 minutes have elapsed (step S13), the control unit 19 switches the switching valve 21 to the rear stage side (Fig. 8, step S14), and continues the hot air drying operation (step S15). In this manner, the first dried grain which is subjected to the drying action in the hot air drying unit 11 is sent to the grain elevator 4 by the delivery unit 9, and is sent to the switching valve 21 from the upper portion of the grain elevator 4. At this time, the switching valve 21 is switched to the rear stage side, and the first dry grain is not supplied to the original storage tank 7, but is supplied to the storage tank 7 of the latter stage. That is, the first dry grain will not circulate, but will be sent to the next stage of drying unit 5. This is called a tandem operation.

The series operation of the drying unit 5 of the first stage continues until all the wet valleys to be treated that have been collected are supplied from the input grain elevator 2 to the hot air dryer 3, that is, as long as they are disposed in the grain The grain sensor 27 near the outlet of the elevator 4 also senses the grain and continues (step S16). At this time, the feed sensor 26 disposed near the feed port of the input grain elevator 2 first checks whether the grain is detected and continues to operate continuously (step S19).

When the feed sensor 26 no longer senses the grain, it means that all the wet valleys to be treated have been fed into the drying unit 5 of the first stage, so that the driving of the grain elevator 2 is stopped. In step S16, when the grain sensor 27 does not detect the presence of the grain, it means that all of the above grains (the first dry valley) have passed the drying unit 5 of the first stage, so the first stage is stopped. Drying operation of the drying unit 5.

Further, when the burner 14 is attached to an individual drying unit, it is also stopped.

The above-described operation of the cycle operation and the series operation from the step S7 and the step S17 from the water content measurement (step S7) is performed in the same manner as in the second stage drying unit 5. In the drying unit 5 of the second stage, the first dry grain sent from the grain elevator 4 of the previous stage is introduced into the hot air dryer 3 via the switching valve 21. The moisture measurement is for the first dry grain to be input, and the moisture data referenced by the CPU when determining the hot air temperature is the data of the grain moisture-hot air temperature table (b). For example, line 1. And if the second In the drying unit of the stage, if the grain sensor 27 of the grain elevator 4 no longer detects the grain, the drying unit 5 of the second stage is stopped.

In this way, the drying units 5 of each stage are operated in sequence, and are stopped. During this period, the moisture measurement is based on the dry grain of the previous stage, and the CPU determines the hot air temperature from the grain data table referenced by the grain moisture-hot air temperature table (c)~(f) For example, line 1. Then, from the first dry grain to the sixth dry grain, the water value is sequentially reduced, and the grain from the sixth stage of the drying unit 5 of the grain elevator 4 The delivery channel 24 is discharged as a dry valley for moisture adjustment.

The program is set to: if the moisture value of the grain of the drying unit 5 of each stage is sent to the next stage, and the set water value that should be achieved in the previous stage is not met, it will be The water value and, as appropriate, the other rows of the data sheets (a) to (f) in the grain moisture-hot air temperature table, such as the respective second row and the like.

As described above, the control unit 9 performs two kinds of control in which the base processing and the individual processing are combined: the basic processing system sequentially operates the plurality of drying units 5 connected in series by the grain conveying passages 23, 24, etc.; The processing of each drying unit 5 is controlled, and when the delivery of the grain is no longer detected, the operation of the drying unit 5 is stopped. Step S18 is set to stop the original input grain elevator 2, and when it is stopped, step S19 only needs to be taken.

Then, in the wet valley fed into the grain elevator 2, the grain moisture is dried in the drying unit 5 of each stage at a moisture reduction rate of a plurality of stages which are appropriately set, and the last one is dried. The drying unit 5 of the stage is discharged as a grain which completes the moisture adjustment. Therefore, as long as the wet valley after the harvest is put into the grain drying apparatus 1, the grain in which the moisture adjustment is completed can be obtained in a one-time operation. Thereby to improve the time efficiency of the drying process. Further, since it can be dried at an appropriate dry reduction rate, the ratio of defective grains such as cracks is low.

Further, as the grain is dry and the volume of the raw material becomes small, the grain discharge rate of the drying unit on the subsequent stage tends to become faster, but in this case, it is only necessary to adjust the hot air dryer of each stage. The delivery speed of the delivery portion 9 or the grain elevator 4 may be sufficient. However, even if the grain discharge rate of the drying unit on the subsequent stage side becomes faster, it does not cause the flow of the raw material grain. It is not a big problem.

Hereinafter, the second embodiment will be described.

In the second embodiment, the structure of the grain drying apparatus is basically the same as that of the [grain drying apparatus of the first embodiment]; however, the storage unit 7 of the drying unit at each stage is provided with the grain position. Quasi-sensors 29, 30. The grain level sensor 29 emits an ON signal when the storage tank 7 stores 50t of grain; the grain level sensor 30 emits an ON signal when the storage tank 7 stores 60t of grain. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 8, the ON signals of the grain level sensors 29 and 30 are transmitted to the CPU of the control unit 19 via the input/output circuit I/O (labeled as a level sensor in FIG. 9). C, D).

Further, the grain level sensor 29 is disposed at the position C shown in FIG. 3, and the grain level sensor 30 is disposed at the position D.

The operation of each member is the same as that of the first embodiment. In order to avoid redundancy, detailed descriptions are omitted.

In the second embodiment, the operation performed by the control unit is basically the same as the operation of the control unit described in the first embodiment, and the second embodiment is implemented in the operation of the grain drying apparatus 1. The method of drying the grain.

However, in the first embodiment, as shown in the flow of Fig. 6, the time point of the operation of the drying unit 5 of the f-th stage (step S4) is sequentially set to every 120 minutes (step S5), and as shown in Fig. 6 In the operation of the drying unit of the f-th stage, the start of the cycle operation or the switching of the serial operation is performed by the timing (steps S9 and S13). In the second embodiment, as shown in Fig. 10, the timings are based on the amount of grains accumulated in the storage tank 7. Therefore, the aforementioned grain level sensors 29, 30 are used.

The control unit 19 operates the cereal drying apparatus 1 in the same manner as in the first embodiment (Fig. 10, Fig. 11, and Fig. 12), and in the step S5 of the basic program, as shown in Fig. 10. Waiting for the grain level sensor D to be ON, and when it is ON, the drying unit 5 of the next stage is operated. When it is turned on, on the implementation side, it means that 60t of grain (grain top surface position D) is accumulated inside the storage tank 7. This is equivalent to the sixth figure of the first embodiment. Step S5 shows that 120 minutes have elapsed. Further, at the time when the circulation operation starts at each drying unit 5, it is necessary to wait until the grain level sensor C is turned ON. This corresponds to the case where the process has passed for 100 minutes as shown in step S6 of Fig. 6 of the first embodiment (grain top surface position C). Furthermore, switching to the series operation is performed until the grain level sensor D is turned ON. This corresponds to the case where the process has passed for 20 minutes (the grain top surface position D) as shown in step S13 of Fig. 6 of the first embodiment.

That is, as in the case of the first embodiment, in the second embodiment, when the grain of 50 t is accumulated inside the storage tank 7, the circulation operation is started. Since the wet grain is supplied from the grain elevator 2 during the cycle operation, the grain of the hot air drying unit 11 originally located in the storage tank 7 is completely returned to the original storage tank 7 by the circulation operation. The same amount of wet valley will be accumulated, and the storage tank 7 will be added with the newly added wet valley 10t in addition to the original 50t of the circulating operation, that is, the total accumulated 60t. At this time, the grain located in the lower part of the hot air drying part 11 is dried, and it becomes the 1st dry grain, and it does not recirculate after it, and is sent to the drying unit 5 of the next stage. Then, by the basic program (Fig. 10, step S4), the drying unit 5 at the next stage is brought into an operational state, and the first dry grain can be received.

When all of the wet valleys to be treated are sent to the drying unit 5 of the first stage, and the feed sensor 26 no longer detects the grain, the driving of the grain elevator 20 is stopped. Further, when the first dry grain passes through the drying unit 5 of the first stage, and the grain sensor 27 no longer detects the grain, the operation of the drying unit 5 of the first stage is stopped. Thereafter, in the same manner as in the first embodiment, the six-stage drying unit 5 is sequentially stopped in the order.

In the same manner as in the second embodiment, the grain elevator device 2 is put into the wet valley of the drying unit 5 of the first stage, and the grain drying apparatus 1 can be operated by the one-time operation. The drying unit 5 of the stage obtains the dry valley of the water-adjusted water content in which the grain moisture becomes the target value.

Further, the position of the grain level sensor 29 is disposed as long as the position of the grain in the storage tank 7 is 48 to 50 t, and the position of the ON signal is issued. Similarly, the grain level sensor 30 As long as the amount of grain disposed in the interior of the storage tank 7 is 58 to 60 tons, an ON signal is issued.

On the second implementation side, the time point at which the cycle operation is started and the time point at which the series operation is switched are performed in accordance with the actual accumulated amount of the grain, so that the correct process can be performed quantitatively. And it is possible to further reduce the loss of time. In other words, as in the first embodiment, the time point at which the cycle operation is started and the time point at which the series operation is switched are determined depending on the timing, and there is a possibility that even if the grain reaches the set amount, it is still Waiting for extra time; the second embodiment eliminates this loss of time. Moreover, it is also possible to eliminate the problem that the accumulation amount of the grain is insufficient, but the cycle operation or the series operation is started due to the end of the waiting time.

Further, even if the grain is dry, the volume of the raw material becomes small, and the rate of discharge of the grain in the drying unit on the subsequent stage tends to become faster, which is less likely to be affected.

In the examples, the drying unit 5 is set to six stages, but it may be increased or decreased depending on the relationship between the drying rate of drying moisture and the type of the grain to be dried.

In the implementation side, the amount of grain stored in the storage tank 7 of the hot air dryer 3 is set to 60t, wherein the amount of the hot air drying unit 11 is 10t, and the amount of grain input, delivery, and transportation is set to 0.5t/ However, these figures are only one example, and actually depend on the size of the hot air dryer 3 that is provided.

The combustion furnace 14 can also replace the gas combustion type combustion furnace with a biomass energy burner or the like. Further, the hot air supplied to the hot air drying unit 11 can be introduced not only by the heat exchanger but also by the air directly heated by the gas burner.

The hot air dryer 3 of the drying unit 5 of each layer may also be a conventional circulating hot air dryer.

S7~S13‧‧‧Steps

Claims (6)

A grain drying method, wherein a hot air dryer having a hot air drying unit and a storage portion is configured to pass the respective feeding end and the discharging end according to the first stage dryer No. 1 to the final stage final dryer. The flow of the grain is connected in series, so that the raw material grain which is input from the No. 1 dryer is sequentially dried in each hot air dryer, and is passed in one pass, and is dried by the final dryer to the target moisture value. The moisture-adjusted grain is divided; according to the moisture value of the raw material grain, the hot air dryer of each stage is allocated an appropriate grain moisture drying reduction rate for drying, and the hot air dryer measuring at each stage is about to be measured The moisture value of the grain to be input is determined based on the water value and the water value at the time of delivery of each dryer, and is determined from the grain moisture-hot air temperature table stored in the control unit. The temperature of the hot air in the hot air drying section of the hot air dryer to adjust the hot air temperature supplied to the hot air drying section. The grain drying method according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein in the plurality of hot air dryers connected in series according to the flow of the grain, the grain conveying passage is used to pass the feeding portion of the hot air dryer of the previous stage. Connected to the dryer of the previous stage and the receiving section of the dryer of the latter stage; a switching valve is disposed in the middle of the grain conveying passage to switch the flow of the grain between the front side and the rear side; Switching to the front side, when the amount of grain of the hot air dryer originally stored in the previous stage exceeds the capacity of the hot air drying section, the circulation operation of returning the grain located in the hot air drying section to the storage section is performed; when the position is originally When all of the grain has been returned to the storage portion, the switching valve is switched to the rear side to perform the tandem operation. The grain drying method of claim 2, wherein the occurrence of the following two is determined by timing: the amount of the grain originally stored in the hot air dryer of the previous stage exceeds the capacity of the hot air drying section, and All the original grains in the hot air drying section have been returned to the storage section. The grain drying method of claim 2, wherein the signal generated by the grain level sensor configured to sense the following two is used to determine the occurrence of the following: The amount of grain originally stored in the hot air dryer of the previous stage exceeds the capacity of the hot air drying section, and all the original grain in the hot air drying section has been returned to the storage section. A method for drying a grain according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein After the original grain in the hot air drying section of the hot air dryer of the previous stage has been returned to the storage section, the hot air dryer and the grain elevator of the latter stage are driven. The grain drying method according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the grain sensor for detecting the grain sent by the hot air dryer of each stage is configured to be no longer detected When the grain is delivered, the operation of the hot air dryer and the grain elevator at each stage is stopped.