TW201328986A - 用於處理廢液流之裝置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一種用於處理諸如廢鹼之廢液流的整合單元操作，其被提供於具有至少三個獨立區段之單一立式容器中：一混合區段、一沉降區段、及一質傳區段。
Description
本發明係關於一種用於處理用過的廢液流之新穎設備設計，具體言之係從石油精煉或石化程序中回收的廢鹼液流。與先前的處理程序相反，本發明為使用若干分離容器之深度中和或深度酸化程序，本發明使用塔柱分成至少三個獨立區段的單一立式塔柱；一混合區段、一沉降區段及一質傳區段。
在石油精煉及石化加工中，烴類轉化產物經常以苛性鹼溶液洗滌。在石化加工中，舉例而言，此洗滌可將硫化氫及二氧化碳於主要為硫化鈉、碳酸鈉及碳酸氫鈉形式下去除，亦去除一些更高分子量烴成分。苛性鹼溶液可用於去除環烷酸及其他有機酸，以及來自裂解石油產品及石油餾出物的其他硫化合物。然而，由於苛性鹼溶液對有機組織十分有害，所以在該等廢鹼溶液之使用及處置中必須非常小心以保護水渠、河流、地下水層及諸如此類者。此廢鹼溶液通常不適合在廢水生物處理工廠中進行直接處理，此乃由於其高pH及生化需氧量(BOD)、化學需氧量(COD)，及總有機碳量(TOC)之不相容高水準。
已有人提出某些方法以處置廢鹼。其中尤其有濕空氣氧化法、化學氧化法，及焚燒法。在此等已知程序之每一個中，需要許多設備以完成該處理程序。此等程序由於包括之獨立的程序容器之數目而為資本密集型。同樣地，此等程序需要極大占地空間以容納該等許多獨立
的設備。本發明藉由在單一立式塔柱中執行該處理程序來解決此等問題，該塔柱至少被分成三個程序區段。此一裝置及相關程序代表一種處理廢液流(特別係廢鹼)之非常經濟的方法，及因此其可將資本及操作成本最小化。此等及其他優點在本發明之以下更詳細的描述中將變得顯而易見。
發明係關於一種用於處理廢液流之整合處理容器，其組合地包括立式塔柱，該立式塔柱之內部至少被分成一混合區段、一沉降區段及一質傳區段。一廢液流入口被連接至該塔柱以用於將該廢液流(如廢鹼)引入該混合區段，在該混合區段中該廢液流與中和劑(諸如硫酸之強酸)混合。該中和劑可線上地直接添加入該廢液流及該入口之上游或單獨地添加入該混合區段。該容器上存在一廢氣出口，其與該混合區段進行流體連通以排放N2、H2S、RSH、輕烴。需要一與該沉降區段液體連通之有機液流出口以去除分離的酸性油類，例如環烷酸、DOS、甲酚酸，及夾帶的烴。液體傳輸管線將該沉降區段與該質傳區段連接，且蒸氣管線將該質傳區段連接至該沉降區段。與該質傳區段流體連通之惰性氣體入口係為了剝除存在的大部分酸性氣體。最終，經處理的廢棄物經由與該質傳區段之底部液體連通之一出口而被移除。
本發明之特徵為其可藉由將接管組件、獨立容器之數量、使用儀器及單元傳遞時間最小化而降低投資成本。本發明之此等及其他態樣將在以下含有之較佳實施例之詳細描述中變得更加明顯。
1‧‧‧立式塔柱(容器)
2‧‧‧混合區段
3‧‧‧沉降區段
4‧‧‧質傳區段
5‧‧‧入口
8‧‧‧下導管
9‧‧‧有機物出口
10‧‧‧管線
11‧‧‧管線
12‧‧‧pH監控器
13‧‧‧泵
14‧‧‧管線
15‧‧‧管線
16‧‧‧管線
17‧‧‧線上靜態混合器
18‧‧‧入口
19‧‧‧管線
20‧‧‧管線
21‧‧‧廢氣出口
該附圖示意性地闡示本發明之廢液流裝置之一個可能的實施例。
如前文所述，本發明係關於一種用於處理一廢液流之單一裝置，其較佳係廢鹼之中和。此裝置之一個實施例闡示於附圖。
該圖顯示具有至少三個獨立程序區段之立式塔柱或容器1。區段2為混合區段，待處理之廢液流與中和劑於此處充分混合。如所提及，本發明中所使用之較佳程序係處理或中和來自一個或多個精煉或石化程序的廢鹼。下文之此實施例描述將使用此類處理程序作為實例。該廢鹼液流通過入口5進入容器1及進入該混合區段2。該廢鹼一般係由1至10 wt% NaOH、0至4 wt%硫化物及氫硫化物、0至4 wt%以硫計之硫醇鹽、0至4 wt%以CO3計之碳酸鹽、0至5 wt%甲酚酸組成。亦將中和劑添加至混合區段2，其較佳係將其直接添加至入口5上游之廢液流中。視情況，可使用混合器件(未顯示)，比如線上靜態混合器，於預先混合該鹼及中和劑。中和劑之添加量可藉由本技術已知之任一構件加以控制，然而，如該圖所示之一便利方法係使用pH監控器12於測量混合區段2之溶液的pH及將其與於沉降區段3之溶液pH進行比較。如果該pH高於理想值，則將更多中和劑添加入混合區段2。
於混合區段2之內部有至少一個用於充分混合該廢液流及中和劑的構件。當廢鹼為待處理之廢液流時，則較佳中和劑為強酸，如硫酸，然而亦可使用其他酸，如鹽酸。與該廢液流混合之中和劑的量係經選擇以便其大幅降低該溶液之pH，從而藉由物理手段幫助移除雜質。較佳地，當使用硫酸時，其係直接添加至入口5上游之廢鹼液流。如該圖所示，葉輪式混合器為較佳的混合構件，然而，亦可使用本技術已知之其他混合構件，如氣體鼓泡攪拌器。在混合區段2之停留時間係經選擇以便恰當地混合該指定的酸，從而使pH均一且該所需反應100%完成。就此言之，任何存在於該廢液流中之揮發性烴或其他氣體化合物將如下所述利用吹掃氣經由廢氣出口21而移除。
來自區段2之混合物一部分經由下導管8連續地移除及進料至沉降區段3中。此區段允許利用任何已知的機械分離裝置(如，該圖所示之擋板)自水性組份分離有機物。由於該有機相之密度低於該水相，故
可將其傾析且經由有機物出口9從容器1中移除。當廢鹼為所處理之廢液流時，該有機相主要係由酸性油類如環烷酸、DSO、甲酚酸、或夾帶的烴組成。沉降區段3之水相主要由含有鈉鹽之酸性鹽水組成，其經由管線10移除，且引入質傳區段4之頂部，酸性氣體於此處藉由諸如氮之惰性氣體汽提脫離該鹽水。質傳區段4可含有任意數目的已知充填材料或塔盤設計以輔助該酸性鹽水自該水溶液汽提分離。惰性氣體(比如氮)經由入口18添加至質傳區段4之底部，該氣體於此處與水相逆向流動。惰性氣體用於自水相汽提H2S，CO2與其他氣體且隨後經由管線19移除，其於該沉降區段3之頂部用為吹掃氣體且隨後經由管線20而移除。在管線20中之吹掃氣體引入該混合區段1之頂部且最終經由廢氣出口21而從容器1移除。
汽提去除酸性氣體之後，水相經由管線11而從容器1移除且最終經由管線14而從該程序移除，其中可利用已知方法處置。替代地，如該圖所示，在管線11中之水相之一部分借助泵13經由管線15而送回至質傳區段4。當循環一部分水相時，理想的是通過管線16添加第二中和劑(如NaOH或KOH)，隨後與混合構件接觸(如該圖所示之線上靜態混合器17)。為控制該第二中和劑之添加，可使用線上pH計監控經由管線11離開質傳區段4之水相的pH，且隨後將其與該混合構件17下游之循環液流pH進行比較。
用於容器1之操作溫度在約80℃至約130℃的範圍內，更佳地在約90℃至約110℃的範圍內。容器1之內壓可在約3大氣壓至約10大氣壓之規格之範圍內。
前文特定實施例之描述完全顯示本發明之大體本質，故可藉由應用當前的知識來簡易地針對各種應用修正及/或調整此等特定實施例而不背離該一般概念，因此此等調整及修改應理解為在該等被揭示的實施例之等價的意義及範圍內。應瞭解在本文中之措辭或術語係用於
描述之目的而非限制之目的。
用於實現各種被揭示之功能之構件、材料，及步驟可採用各種替代形式而不背離本發明。由此，在以上詳述或以下申請專利範圍中可找到並跟有一功能說明之該等表達「意為...」及「用於...之構件」，或任何方法步驟表述係意欲界定及包含現在或將來存在的任何結構的、物理的、化學的或電氣的元件或構造或任何的方法步驟，其不論是否與該或該等實施例相當精密的都可實現該被陳訴之功能，亦即，其他用於實現該相同功能的構件或步驟也可使用；及意欲為在下列申請專利範圍之術語中此等表達被給予其最廣泛的說明。
1‧‧‧立式塔柱(容器)
2‧‧‧混合區段
3‧‧‧沉降區段
4‧‧‧質傳區段
5‧‧‧入口
8‧‧‧下導管
9‧‧‧有機物出口
10‧‧‧管線
11‧‧‧管線
12‧‧‧pH監控器
13‧‧‧泵
14‧‧‧管線
15‧‧‧管線
16‧‧‧管線
17‧‧‧線上靜態混合器
18‧‧‧入口
19‧‧‧管線
20‧‧‧管線
21‧‧‧廢氣出口
Claims (6)
- 一種用於處理廢液流之整合處理容器，其以結合的方式包括：a.一立式塔柱，其內部至少被分成一混合區段、一沉降區段及一質傳區段；b.一廢液流入口，其與該混合區段液體連通；c.至少一個pH感測器，其與該混合區段及該沉降區段液體連通，且被配置以控制通過一中和管線而進入該混合區段之中和液體的添加；d.一廢氣出口，其與該混合區段連通；e.一有機物液流出口，其與該沉降區段液體連通；f.一液體傳輸管線，其連接該沉降區段與該質傳區段；g.一蒸氣管線，其連接該質傳區段與該沉降區段；h.一惰性氣體入口，其與該質傳區段連通；及i.一經處理廢液流出口，其與該質傳區段液體連通。
- 如請求項1之整合處理容器，其進一步之特徵為該沉降區段具有一個或多個用以輔助水相與有機相之分離的擋板。
- 如請求項1之整合處理容器，其進一步之特徵為該質傳區段係經配置為汽提塔。
- 如請求項1之整合處理容器，其進一步之特徵為該質傳區段包括充填材料或一個或多個塔盤。
- 如請求項1之整合處理容器，其進一步之特徵為該質傳區段具有一再循環液流入口，以允許自該經處理廢液流出口移除之經處理廢棄物之滑流返回。
- 一種用於中和廢鹼之方法，其包含：a.將一廢鹼之液體流添加至一立式塔柱，該立式塔柱內部至少 被分成一混合區段、一沉降區段及一質傳區段；b.將一液體中和流添加至該混合區段以創造一混合物；c.監控該混合區段及該沉降區段之pH值；d.以該混合區段及該沉降區段之pH值為基準，控制該中和液體的添加；e.經由下導管連續地自該混合區段移除該混合物之一部分至該沉降區段中，以創造一水相及有機相；f.將該有機相之一部分自該沉降區段傾析，以將其自製程中移除；g.將該水相之一部分移除至該質傳區段；h.將惰性氣體引入至該質傳區段並使其與該水相接觸，以自該質傳區段剝除酸性氣體，進而創造清掃氣體及經剝除之水相；i.將該經剝除之水相之一部分自製程中移除；j.將該清掃氣體之一部分引入該混合區段；及k.將該清掃氣體自該混合區段移除。
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| US8367009B2 (en) * | 2009-12-14 | 2013-02-05 | Mirichem Company | Three phase sulfur separation system with interface control |
| US20110272365A1 (en) * | 2010-05-07 | 2011-11-10 | Encana Corporation | Removal of hydrogen sulfide from water |
| CA2872793C (en) | 2012-05-16 | 2020-08-25 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Process, method, and system for removing mercury from fluids |
| US9447675B2 (en) | 2012-05-16 | 2016-09-20 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | In-situ method and system for removing heavy metals from produced fluids |
| WO2013173593A1 (en) | 2012-05-16 | 2013-11-21 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Process, method, and system for removing heavy metals from fluids |
| EP2850155B1 (en) | 2012-05-16 | 2018-04-04 | Chevron U.S.A., Inc. | Process for removing mercury from fluids |
| EP2911984A1 (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2015-09-02 | Siemens Energy, Inc. | Methods and systems for treating spent caustic and regenerating media |
| US9234141B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2016-01-12 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Process, method, and system for removing heavy metals from oily solids |
| US9169445B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2015-10-27 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Process, method, and system for removing heavy metals from oily solids |
| US9023196B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2015-05-05 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Process, method, and system for removing heavy metals from fluids |
| CN104451714B (zh) * | 2014-12-05 | 2017-02-22 | 浙江赞宇科技股份有限公司 | 一种静电酸制备的工业助剂的生产工艺、生产装置及其应用 |
| US10493381B2 (en) | 2015-07-17 | 2019-12-03 | Uop Llc | Sulfide oxidation process and apparatus |
| CN106565040A (zh) * | 2016-10-26 | 2017-04-19 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种碱渣废液处理纳米钛渗碳电极电容去离子装置 |
| JP7038535B2 (ja) | 2017-12-11 | 2022-03-18 | テルモ株式会社 | キャップ |
| CN109095584B (zh) * | 2018-09-25 | 2021-10-29 | 东营联合石化有限责任公司 | 一种炼油碱渣废液处理工艺 |
| CN109095583B (zh) * | 2018-09-25 | 2021-10-29 | 东营联合石化有限责任公司 | 一种炼油碱渣废液的综合处理装置 |
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| JPS5982999A (ja) * | 1982-11-04 | 1984-05-14 | Toa Nenryo Kogyo Kk | カセイソ−ダ廃液の処理方法 |
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| US7828962B2 (en) * | 2008-11-20 | 2010-11-09 | Merichem Company | Apparatus for treating a waste stream |
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| RU2472563C1 (ru) | 2013-01-20 |
| BRPI0920952A2 (pt) | 2015-12-29 |
| HK1211532A1 (zh) | 2016-05-27 |
| CN102223932B (zh) | 2015-02-04 |
| US20100200477A1 (en) | 2010-08-12 |
| HK1161168A1 (zh) | 2012-08-24 |
| JP5718237B2 (ja) | 2015-05-13 |
| RU2011118121A (ru) | 2012-12-27 |
| CN104645648B (zh) | 2016-08-17 |
| CN102223932A (zh) | 2011-10-19 |
| US8298429B2 (en) | 2012-10-30 |
| EP2361126B1 (en) | 2013-09-04 |
| US7828962B2 (en) | 2010-11-09 |
| WO2010059670A1 (en) | 2010-05-27 |
| JP2012509173A (ja) | 2012-04-19 |
| US20120273405A1 (en) | 2012-11-01 |
| US8906230B2 (en) | 2014-12-09 |
| EP2361126A1 (en) | 2011-08-31 |
| US20100122950A1 (en) | 2010-05-20 |
| TW201033135A (en) | 2010-09-16 |
| BRPI0920952B1 (pt) | 2019-04-24 |
| CN104645648A (zh) | 2015-05-27 |
| US20130020239A1 (en) | 2013-01-24 |
| TWI396663B (zh) | 2013-05-21 |
| ES2428919T3 (es) | 2013-11-12 |
| TWI500583B (zh) | 2015-09-21 |
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