TW201326090A - Soil conditioner and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a soil conditioner, and a preparation method and application thereof. The soil conditioner is prepared by uniformly blending and stirring the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of soil, 25 parts of raw wood scraps and 25 parts of rice husk, after drying the mixture, calcining the mixture at high temperature for 8 hours, and naturally cooling. The soil conditioner can serve as a plant culture medium or a fertilizer and can be also used for treating biological waste. The method of using the soil conditioner to treat the biological waste comprises the following steps of: after uniformly blending the soil conditioner and the biological waste, naturally standing the mixture, wherein the biological waste is at least selected from more than one of feather of poultry, eggshell, corn stalk, leftover fish fragments, livestock feces and swilling. Compared with the ordinary soil conditioner, the soil conditioner can automatically absorb air and nutrition, slowly releases the air and the nutrition in a plant growing process, and facilitates the degradation, deodorization and the like for the biological waste due to the relatively high void fraction. In addition, the product obtained after treatment can serve as a fertilizer, a fodder and the like to be reclaimed, so that the aims of greening environment and environment protection are fulfilled.

Description

Soil improver, its manufacture and application method

The invention particularly relates to a soil amendment, a method for manufacturing the same, and a method for the same, which are used for improving soil efficiency, treating biological waste, and maintaining pig house cleaning for use by the agriculture, fishery and animal husbandry industries.

At present, the agricultural land in the world is a very limited and precious resource, and it is highly utilized in the long-term, and often used for planting crops or other agriculture and animal husbandry for a long time, with little rest, resulting in decreased efficiency. In order to maintain the soil nutrients without exhaustion, a large amount of chemical fertilizer is needed, but the extensive use of chemical fertilizers will also lead to environmental problems. Therefore, it is urgent to adopt a way of combining land and vitality to make the soil self-revitalize and enhance the efficiency of the soil to achieve the goal of sustainable land management and utilization.

At the same time, the biological wastes produced in the current agriculture, fishery, animal husbandry and home life, such as poultry feathers, eggshells, cornstalks, fish and poultry, poultry and livestock, and so on, are usually harvested by means of composting. Decompose and serve for the purpose of further application. However, the treatment of compost is often time-consuming and usually takes at least three months to achieve the initial decomposition and application. For example, for waste such as poultry feathers or cornstalks, because they contain oil or oil, or contain plant fibers that are difficult to decompose, even if they are buried for 4-5 months, the decomposition effect is not satisfactory, and it will produce foul smell. Easy to grow insects, low utilization.

The object of the present invention is to provide a soil improving agent, a manufacturing method thereof and a method for applying the same, which can effectively improve soil efficiency and accelerate the degradation and utilization of biological waste.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical content: a soil improving agent by using 50 parts by weight of soil and 25 parts by weight. The wood chips (raw wood chips) containing no chemical components and 25 parts by weight of the rice husk are uniformly mixed and stirred, and after being dried, they are calcined at a temperature of 1050 to 1250 ° C for more than 8 hours, and finally obtained by natural cooling.

Preferably, the soil is obtained from different soil layers on a vertical section.

The invention relates to a method for preparing a soil improving agent, which comprises: uniformly mixing and stirring 50 parts by weight of soil, 25 parts by weight of wood chips without chemical components, and 25 parts by weight of rice husk, and drying at a temperature of 1050 to 1250 ° C; Calcined for more than 8 hours, and finally cooled to obtain the target product.

Further, the method is specifically: uniformly mixing and mixing 50 parts by weight of soil, 25 parts by weight of wood chips without chemical components, and 25 parts by weight of rice husk into a mud shape, and drying to form a brick shape, and then at 1050 to 1250 ° C. The product is calcined at a temperature of 8 hours or more, and then naturally cooled and pulverized to obtain a target product. The target product is classified according to particle size by screening machine. The product with diameter of 100 mm can be used for water purification and sewage treatment of aquarium and fish pond, or medium for bonsai orchid cultivation. The product of 50~100 mm can be used for soil improvement. The old tea garden and tree transplant can promote the development of new roots and continue life. The 20~50 mm product can be used to mix biological waste materials such as chicken feathers and plant organic matter such as cornstalks to make high protein soil improvers, thus improving crops. The yield and quality, products with a diameter of 20 mm or less or powder can be added to the general feed in an amount of 1 to 3 wt%, and the meat exchange rate can be increased by 5 to 20%, and the quality and taste of the meat are improved. It can be sprinkled in the fish pond to quickly increase the dissolved oxygen in the water and has a first aid effect on the anoxic fish.

Preferably, the soil is obtained from different soil layers on a vertical section.

The soil conditioner as described above can be applied to the treatment of biological waste.

The method for applying the above soil amendment to a biological waste is characterized in that: the soil conditioner is uniformly mixed with the biological waste, and the biological waste is at least selected from the group consisting of poultry feathers and eggs. Any one or more of shells, cornstalks, lower-footed fish, poultry livestock manure, and kitchen waste.

Preferably, the soil conditioner (30 wt%), fresh chicken feathers (30 wt%), wood chips (30 wt%), rice bran (10 wt%) are stirred and stacked, and the mixture is turned over once every 3 to 4 days and watered to cool, keeping the temperature not exceeding Above 45 °C to prevent protein damage nutrient loss, 30 days after the screening package, called high protein soil improver.

The invention obtains a soil improving agent by collecting a common soil layer mixed with common waste materials such as rice husk and raw wood chips, and cooling after high temperature calcination, which can be directly used instead of ordinary soil or mixed into general soil for supply. The use of farmland and nursery can improve the soil efficiency without using chemical fertilizers. On the one hand, it can save costs, on the other hand, it can increase crop yield and has environmental benefits.

In addition to the above, the high-protein soil improver of the present invention can be mixed with biological wastes from agriculture, animal husbandry, fishery and the like, and further utilized for various purposes.

For example, if the soil conditioner of the present invention is used in the aquaculture industry, the corral can be kept clean and odorless by directly placing the soil conditioner in the corral, and the livestock manure can be recovered as a fertilizer without using water. Flushing the corral can effectively improve the pollution problem in the aquaculture industry and make the livestock more healthy.

In addition, if the soil conditioner of the present invention is used to treat the kitchen waste, the soil conditioner can be directly mixed with the kitchen waste, thereby ensuring the nutrients in the kitchen waste, and the subsequent fermentation and the like are not required, and Source of organic matter.

For example, if the soil improving agent of the present invention is used for treating slaughtering, fishery, etc., the soil improving agent can be directly mixed with edible materials such as animal bones, biological tissue debris, and lower-foot fish, thereby further utilizing or utilizing other materials. Feeds such as bone-forming powder and fishmeal can not only make these scraps smell bad, but also completely recover the nutrients in these scraps, thereby improving the utilization and additional economic value of these scraps.

Further, in the case of waste materials such as poultry feathers and corn cobs which are difficult to be degraded and which are difficult to recycle, by mixing them with the soil conditioner of the present invention, decomposition of the biological waste can be accelerated, and odor generation can be reduced or prevented. Taking the treatment of chicken feathers and the like as an example, if the soil conditioner of the present invention is used, the composting treatment time can be made from three It is reduced to a month or more in a month or so, and the decomposition rate of chicken feathers is higher, and the problem of malodors often caused by chicken feather composting can be avoided.

The technical content of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the attached tables and several preferred embodiments.

[Example 1]

The soil conditioner is prepared by taking 100 kg of soil from a cross section spanning different soil layers, then calcining at 1050 to 1250 ° C, and naturally cooling at room temperature for 8 hours to obtain a target product of 95 kg. . The average improvement rate of the far-infrared light of the soil conditioner at 3 to 14 μm at 50 ° C was 0.869.

The characteristics of the soil amendment are as follows:

(1) In the case of high temperature simmering, the aluminum contained in rice, wood chips and soil will disappear due to high temperature combustion. Therefore, this product is a porous soil, which is significantly different from the general fired soil in shape and function.

(2) It can be used in general brick kiln, brick kiln for burning ceramics, automatic kiln to burn, can be mass-produced, suitable for agricultural materials, and can overcome the obstacles of continuous cropping obstacles in agricultural management.

The soil amendment can automatically absorb air and nutrients, and is actively released during the crop growth period for crop growth, so it can also be named as “Natural Farming Law”.

[Embodiment 2]

The soil conditioner obtained in the above Example 1 is characterized in that the quality ratio is stirred and accumulated in the soil conditioner (30%), fresh chicken feathers (30%), wood chips (30%), rice bran (10%). 3~4 days, turn over and water and cool down, keep the temperature below 45 °C to prevent protein damage and nutrient loss. After 30 days, you can filter and package and become a reusable high protein nutrient source (also named as high protein). Soil conditioner "), and there is no smell. Further, the results of the fertility analysis of the soil conditioner are shown in Table 1 below.

[Example 3]

Take the soil conditioner obtained in the above Example 1, and lay it on the cement floor to plant a bed or pot, plant leafy vegetables, and in the case of watering without top dressing, the yield and quality have excellent performance, see Table 2, compare The general soil cultivated in the same manner but with fertilizer or general organic fertilizer can be used to increase the yield by more than 50%.

[Example 4]

In the soil used to prepare the soil conditioner of the first embodiment, the general cultivation method is adopted, and only the improved soil amendment is used as the base fertilizer and the top dressing in the growing season, and the cabbage produced in June has high yield and quality. Well, it is in no way inferior to those produced by high-cold land, and is far superior to those produced by the soil without the application of improved soil amendments.

[Example 5]

Using the old carp that grows the eggplant (without re-preparation, even the covered PE cloth is not changed), the old eggplant strain is removed, the organic fertilizer made by the soil conditioner obtained in Example 1 is applied, and the new eggplant seed is directly planted in the old one. On the acupoints, the eggplants grow healthily, and the yield and quality are not inferior to the new plantation gardens that have not planted eggplant for two years.

[Embodiment 6]

Taking the soil conditioner obtained in Example 1 as a litter in the pig house of the pig farm, it is not necessary to rinse the pig house with water, and it is only necessary to inspect the pigs for two or three days, and to remove the pig manure and the wet soil conditioner. Pigs contain no odor, no pollution, and the soil conditioner can be used for composting or direct vegetable cultivation.

In addition, 3 to 5 wt% of the soil conditioner may be added to the feed, accompanied by crushed leaves or pastures, and mixed with pigs and other livestock. Or, if the amount of culture is small, the feed remaining in daily livestock consumption can be added to the soil conditioner, vegetable leaf and water in the above proportions, and the mixture is mixed and battered. The next day, the effect is better, and the meat is changed. The rate is also high, the amount of livestock is good, and there is no body odor.

[Embodiment 7]

Add 50wt% of the soil conditioner obtained in Example 1 and 5wt% rice bran to the kitchen, stir it in the form of dough, and accumulate in the room or in the sun to ferment and dry. In addition to the odor of the kitchen and no secondary pollution. Feeding the fermented mixture to the chicken, the chicken will only pick the leftover rice and the growing worms. If the chicken is raised from 0.6 kg to 1 kg, more than 80% of the feed will be saved, and the chicken will eat the rest. The salt content of the mixture has been greatly reduced and can be used as an organic fertilizer in pasture fields (eg, Pennisetum or P. sylvestris) and can increase 30% grass yield, 10% sweet potato roots or 20% leaf stalks. , or 20~30% of other leafy vegetables, or 2~3 sweet corn/per plant (generally producing one per plant), and there is no salinization in grassland and agricultural land. The traditional way of treating food waste is to produce organic fertilizer by microbial bacteria treatment. However, after a period of use, there will be salinization of agricultural land, which will lead to crop yield reduction.

[Embodiment 8]

Use 35 kg of high-protein soil improver as described in Example 4 per mu, use three times of top dressing, and plant japonica rice No. 11, without additional chemical fertilizers and pesticides. After more than three months, the yield per acre can be Up to 400 kilograms of rice, and the rice is of good quality, the cooked rice is very fragrant Q.

[Embodiment 9]

The high-protein soil improver described in Example 4 was used as the base fertilizer per mus. The ramie green 4 was planted twice in five months, and the average yield per plant was as high as 1.2 kg.

[Embodiment 10]

Each plant was used as a top dressing with 300 g of the high-protein soil conditioner described in Example 4, and the species was Jatropha curcas (cutting), and the average yield per plant was 2 kg/year.

The above description is not to be construed as limiting the design concept of the present invention. The technical idea of the present invention can be modified in various ways in the technical field of the present invention, and such modifications and changes are understood to fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

A soil improving agent comprising: soil, 50 parts by weight; raw wood chips, 25 parts by weight; and rice husk, 25 parts by weight; the soil improving agent uniformly mixes the soil, the raw wood chips and the rice husk After stirring, after drying, it is calcined at a temperature of 1050 ° C ~ 1250 ° C for more than 8 hours, and finally obtained by natural cooling. The soil amendment according to claim 1, wherein the soil is obtained from different soil layers on a vertical section. The soil conditioner is applied to treat biological waste according to the soil conditioner according to item 1 of the patent application. According to the soil conditioner according to claim 3, wherein the biological waste is naturally mixed with a biological waste, which is a poultry feather, an eggshell, and a corn. At least one of the rod, the lower foot fishing, the poultry livestock manure and the kitchen waste. A method for preparing a soil conditioner comprises: uniformly mixing and stirring 50 parts by weight of soil, 25 parts by weight of raw wood chips, and 25 parts by weight of rice husk, and drying, and then calcining at a temperature of 1025 to 1250 ° C. After more than an hour, the soil conditioner was finally cooled. According to the method of claim 5, wherein the 50 parts by weight of the soil, the 25 parts by weight of the raw wood chips, and the 25 parts by weight of the rice husk are uniformly mixed and stirred into a slurry, which is to be dried and molded. After being brick-shaped, it is calcined at a temperature of 1050~1250 °C for more than 8 hours, and then naturally cooled and powdered. The soil conditioner is obtained by crushing. The method of claim 5, wherein the soil is obtained from different soil layers on a vertical section. A method for preparing a high protein soil conditioner comprising 30 parts by weight of the soil conditioner of claim 1 of the patent scope, 30 parts by weight of fresh poultry feathers, 30 parts by weight of wood chips, and 10 parts by weight of rice bran, and stacked. After 3 to 4 days, turn over the pile and water to cool down, keep the temperature below 45 ° C for more than 30 days, and obtain the high protein soil improver.