TW201244689A - Expandable catheter system for peri-ostial injection and muscle and nerve fiber ablation - Google Patents

Expandable catheter system for peri-ostial injection and muscle and nerve fiber ablation Download PDF

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TW201244689A
TW201244689A TW101114097A TW101114097A TW201244689A TW 201244689 A TW201244689 A TW 201244689A TW 101114097 A TW101114097 A TW 101114097A TW 101114097 A TW101114097 A TW 101114097A TW 201244689 A TW201244689 A TW 201244689A
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injection
tube
cauterization
annular
balloon
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TW101114097A
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English (en)
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David R Fischell
Tim A Fischell
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Ablative Solutions Inc
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/14Probes or electrodes therefor
    • A61B18/1492Probes or electrodes therefor having a flexible, catheter-like structure, e.g. for heart ablation
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/00053Mechanical features of the instrument of device
    • A61B2018/00214Expandable means emitting energy, e.g. by elements carried thereon
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/00053Mechanical features of the instrument of device
    • A61B2018/00214Expandable means emitting energy, e.g. by elements carried thereon
    • A61B2018/0022Balloons
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/00315Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body for treatment of particular body parts
    • A61B2018/00345Vascular system
    • A61B2018/00351Heart
    • A61B2018/00375Ostium, e.g. ostium of pulmonary vein or artery
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/00315Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body for treatment of particular body parts
    • A61B2018/00345Vascular system
    • A61B2018/00404Blood vessels other than those in or around the heart
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/00315Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body for treatment of particular body parts
    • A61B2018/00434Neural system
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/00315Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body for treatment of particular body parts
    • A61B2018/00505Urinary tract
    • A61B2018/00511Kidney
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/00571Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body for achieving a particular surgical effect
    • A61B2018/00577Ablation
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/14Probes or electrodes therefor
    • A61B2018/1405Electrodes having a specific shape
    • A61B2018/1425Needle
    • A61B2018/143Needle multiple needles

Description

201244689 六、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明所屬領域為燒灼肌細胞及神經纖維來治療心律 不整及/或高血厘之裝置。 【先前技術】 目前,醫師通常使用射頻(RF)導管系統燒灼圍繞肺 靜脈口之心臟左心房壁中之輸導組織來治療患有心房纖維 性顫動(AF )之患者。使用射頻能量之類似技術已用於腎 動脈内以燒灼穿行於主動脈壁中、腎動脈外側之交感神經 及其他神經纖維,以便治療高血壓。在兩種情況下,此等 精密且昂貴的導管系統均會對周圍組織產生低溫燒灼熱損 傷或其他損傷。許多此等系統之位於體外之可再用設備(包 括RF產生系統及用於低溫燒灼導管之流體處理系統)亦需 要顯著資本支出。 由於解剖學相似,因此,出於本發明之目的,術語目 標血管在本文中將指用於AF燒灼應用之肺靜脈或用於高血 壓治療應用之腎動脈。術語心孔壁將指用於AF應用之環繞 肺靜脈之左心房壁及用於高血壓應用之主動脈壁。 在心房纖維性顫動燒灼術之情況下,燒灼環繞多個肺 靜脈之組織在技術上可具挑戰性且極為費時。若使用每次 僅可燒灼一個焦點之RF導管,則情況尤為如此。使用此等 類型之導管燒除心房纖維性顫動亦存在失敗率。當前方去 之失敗與可再現性環形燒灼圍繞肺靜脈口(心孔周圍)之 組織方面的挑戰有關。
S 201244689 使用當前RF燒灼技術去切腎動脈内之交感神經來治療 向血壓亦存在潛在危險β在腎動脈内施加RF能量之長期後 遺症本身未知,而且此可導致晚期再狹窄、腎實質内殘屑 之栓塞、或腎動脈内之其他問題。尤其在存在解剖學異常 或腎動脈内之動脈粥樣硬化或纖維變性疾病以致存在RF能 里之非均勻遞送時,亦可能存在交感神經燒灼不均勻或不 凡全。此可導致治療失敗或需要額外及危險量之RF能量來 燒灼沿著腎動脈之外膜面穿行之神經。當前技術亦存在與 螢光檢查及程序時間極長(其導致患者與操作者均暴露於 大量輻射,且會增加心房纖維性顫動燒灼術之中風風險) 相關之顯著安全問題。 最終’雖然注入乙醇作為燒灼物質用於心臟及身體之 其他部分内,但尚未開發為環形燒灼目標血管之心孔壁而 特別設計之乙醇注入系統。 【發明内容】 本發明環形燒灼系統(Circular Ablation System,CAS :) 能夠使用不需要額外資本設備之拋棄式導管在相對短時期 内在環繞血管口之組織中產生損傷。CAS用途之主要焦點 在於治療心律不整及高血壓。 特定言之,明確需要該導管系統能夠高效及可再現性 環形燒約環繞肺靜脈口之心臟左心房壁中之肌纖維及輸導 組織’從而可中斷心房纖維性顫動(AF )及其他心律不整。 此類型之系統優於其他當前技術之主要優點亦可在 於’可對環繞腎動脈之主動脈壁中之神經(心孔周圍腎組 5 201244689 織)進行省時及安全的環形燒灼’以便損傷自心孔周圍主 動脈壁追蹤至腎動脈中之交感神經纖維,且從而改良對高 血壓之控制及治療。此方法之其他潛在應用可隨時間發展。 本發明為包括圍繞CAS主體、接近其遠端呈環形配置 之多個可膨脹注入管的導管。各注入管包括位於其遠端的 注入針。各針遠端之近側存在穿透限制部件,以使針將僅 穿入心孔壁組織中預設距離。此將降低心孔壁穿孔之可能 性且將針對各應用最佳化注入深度。注入針與導管主體中 之注入腔流體連通,該注入腔與CAS近端之注入口流體連 通。該注入口通常包括用於與燒灼流體源連接的標準接頭 (诸如魯爾接頭(Luer connector))。 可膨服注入管可為由彈性材料或記憶金屬(諸如 NITIN0L )製成的自膨脹f ;或其可藉由機械構件膨服。舉 例而言,可將具有遠端注人針之可膨脹引線固^於可膨服 氣球之外側’言亥氣球之直徑可藉由氣球充氣所 制。 整個^經設計可經導線以經線組態(其中導線腔 之“固長度)或快速交換組態(其中導線在CAS 端之遠側至少10 cm處離 軸外)推進。 ]導管主體且其近端段伸出導 ,、、爐之遠端亦包括位於或靠近其遠端之定心構件》 Μ τ為機械結構或可膨脹氣球。定心構件 保ί八管圍繞目標血管口外側呈環形唾合 貝“…球之遠端部分具有促進CAS定d
S 6 201244689 目標血管中的圓錐形或圓柱形遠端部分。 C AS通常亦封裝於插管内,插管在插入導引導管中之 刖約束自膨脹引線,且允許CAS之遠端插入導引導管或導 引外鞘之近端中。 CAS亦可經封裝以包括穿越cas之整個長度之外鞘, 以便覆蓋且保護針且在CAS遠端向預定位置推進時亦防止 其受阻。 亦設想注入針可由不透射線材料(諸如钽或鎢)形成 或塗有不透射線材料(諸如金或鉑)以使其在使用螢光檢 查時清晰可見。 亦設想一或多個注入針可與c AS之近端電連接以便亦 充虽用於評估心孔壁區域内之電活動的診斷電極。 亦設想可將2個或2個以上可膨脹引線附接於電源或 RF源以圍繞目標血管之圓周遞送電流或RF能量至心孔壁 來進行組織燒灼。 用於治療AF時,本發明CAS將依下列步驟使用: •經由大周邊靜脈(諸如股靜脈)進入左心房,通常經 由插入外鞘》 •使用經中隔方法進入左心房’經由靜脈至右心房以進 入左心房。此方法為熟知程序。 •推進導線及導引導管穿過心房隔至左心房中。 •使用具有成型遠端之導引導管或導引外鞘嚙合第一 目標肺靜脈。需要時,此可經由注射造影劑來證實。 •將導線經由導引導管推入肺靜脈中。 201244689 中 •將約束CAS遠端之插管之遠端置入導引導管之近端 將CAS遠鳊推入導引導管中且經由導引導管推進 CAS,且經導線追蹤,直至其恰好位於導引導管遠端之近侧。 •經導線推it CAS直至其定心、構件之遠端部分在目標 血管内。 •使定心構件膨脹。若定心構件為圓柱形則使其膨服 直至其恰好比目標血管之直徑略小(小i職至4顏)。此 將確保導管將大致「定心」⑨目標血管内以允許cas之引 線可圍繞目標A管η呈環形展開,以便注人將以目標企管 口為中心。 •拉回導引導管,為注入管膨脹打開留下空間。 使庄入管膨脹或若其為自膨脹,則讓其膨脹。若氣球 可膨服’則調節氣球壓力以獲得所要直徑。若自膨張,則 自膨脹之周長可藉由改變導引導管之拉回距離來活體内調 節。亦即’若需要較小直徑(周長)冑脹以配合彼特定目 標血管之心孔尺寸’則可藉由不完全縮回導引導管一直至 管基座來部分約束注入管膨脹。然而,較佳方法為預設㈤ 之最終打開距離’注入管完全膨脹至其記憶形狀。典型地, 根據欲產生之燒灼環之預期或量測直徑預選擇Μ大小, 以使完全膨脹之注人管產生正確大小之燒灼「環」。 •推進⑽直至位於自膨張注入管遠端之注入針穿入 心孔壁,穿透深度為固定距離’此距離由與各針在預設距 離處連接之位於針遠端之近側的穿透限制部件限制。若定
S 8 201244689 〜構件為圓錐形’則隨著cas向遠端推進,圓錐將嚙合cas 所定心之靜脈口。 •將’主射器或注入系統附接於Cas近端處之注入接頭。 •心孔壁之嚙合可藉由在注入「燒灼」流體(諸如醇) 之則經由注射器經由針注入少量碘化造影劑來證實。若存 在且織被ie景> 劑「染色」,則此將證實針喃合至組織中且不 在左心房或主動脈中自由浮動。 到用’主射器或注入系統將適量乙醇(ethanol )(乙醇 (ethyl alcohol))或其他適當細胞毒性流體經由導管且自針 /主入〜孔壁中。典型注入量將為1m丨至此應產生多 個燒灼圈(每針一個),其交又而形成圍繞目標血管口的燒 灼環。造影劑可添加至注射劑中以允許對燒灼區域進行X 射線觀測。 •一旦完全注入,則將CAS縮回至導引導管中,其將 使自膨脹注入管皺縮。若裝置為可膨脹氣球,則將氣球放 氣且縮回至導引導管中。 •在一些情況下’若需要,則可將CAS旋轉20度至 90度且隨後重複注入以產生更明顯的燒灼環。 •可如所指示重複先前步驟之相同方法以在相同程序 期間燒灼圍繞一或多個其他肺靜脈之組織,從而確保Af抑 制。 •自導引導管完全移出CAS。 •當指示時,推進適當診斷電生理學導管以證實燒灼已 成功。 201244689 •自身體移出所有剩餘裝置。 • CAS可使用類似方法,經由自肖邊動脈(諸如股動脈) 進入、經由燒灼環繞一或兩個腎動脈之心孔周圍主動脈壁 組織中之組織,目標為燒灼進入或離開腎之傳入及/或傳出 交感神經纖維,從而治療高血壓。 亦設想兩個或兩個以上引線/注入管可與電源或RF場 源連接以便進行放電或RF燒灼,從而能夠對心孔壁中之組 織進行組織燒灼。 亦設想可將針位於可膨脹氣球之外表面上之注入管安 裝於CAS上,以圍繞目標血管口之圓周遞送2個或2個以 上針’從而將燒灼流體注入心孔壁。 在此情況下,氣球之遠端部分可包括圓柱形或圓錐形 之疋心構件。此具體實例亦可包括覆蓋注入管之彈性帶, 其中彈性帶可有助於維持CAS之平滑外表面以促進遞送, 以及充當穿透限制部件以限制注入針之穿透。 因此本發明CAS之一目標為將燒灼流體一或多次注入 環繞一或多個肺靜脈之左心房壁中的經皮遞送導管,其可 用於治療心房纖維性顫動。 本發明CAS之另一目標為將燒灼流體一或多次注入環 繞腎動脈之主動脈壁中的經皮遞送導管,其可用於治療高 血壓。 本發明CAS之另一目標為包括多個可環向膨脹注入管 之經皮遞送導管,各注入管在其遠端具有針用於將燒灼流 體注入目標血管之心孔壁中。
10 S 201244689 本發明CAS之另一目標為定位於導管遠端或其附近之 定心構件。定心構件經設計可使注入器定心於目標血管 上,以使所注入之燒灼流體將在目標血管口之外側形成燒 灼環。定心構件可為固定或可膨脹的,且可包括圓柱形或 圓錐形部分。 本發明之另一目標為與注入器引線之遠端部分連接或 作為C AS之遠端部分之一部分的穿透限制部件或構件,以 限制針穿入心孔壁中之深度。 本發明CAS之又一目標為使一或多個注入針充當量測 目標血管之心孔壁内之電活動的診斷電極。 —般技術者在閱讀本發明實施方式(包括附圖)時, 將顯而易知本發明之此等及其他目標及優勢。 【實施方式】 圖1為本發明環形燒灼系統(CAS ) 1 0之遠端在裝載 於導引導官或外鞘中之前(以便經導線2 〇遞送至人體中) 之狀態的二維示意圖。CAS 10之近端部分包括三個管,即 外s 12、中間管14及内管18。導線2〇可經由内管18内 邛之導線腔13可滑動地推進或移出。可膨脹圓柱形氣球16 在其近端附接於中間管14且在其遠端附接於内管ι8。氣球 充氣腔定位於内管1 8與中間管丨4之間。氣球丨6可藉由經 氣球充氣腔注入流體而充氣且藉由抽吸氣球充氣腔而放 氣。 >主入器過渡歧管丨丨密封於中間管丨4之外側上。外管 12在其遠端密封於注入器過渡歧管之外側上。可膨脹注入 201244689 管1 5在其近端附接於注入器過渡歧管丨丨或經由注入器過渡 歧管11附接,以使注入管1 5之近端管腔與位於中間管i 4 與外管12之間之流體注入腔22流體連通。注入管丨5可由 彈性金屬(諸如L605 )製成或較佳具體實例由記憶金屬(諸 如NITINOL)製成。塑膠襯套17附接於各注入管Η之遠 端。注入針19自各塑膠襯套17之遠端向遠端延伸。各注 入針19之針腔與可膨脹注入管(引線)15之管腔流體連通。 各襯套17充當穿透限制部件以限制遠端附接之針19至目 標血管之心孔壁中之穿透。在此具體實例中,設想針”之 穿透將限於預設距離,例如距離可在〇 5 mm與丨cm之間。 圖2為CAS 10之遠端在裝載於導引導管或外鞘中以便 經導線20遞送至人體中之前之狀態的縱向橫截面圖。 之近端部分包括三個管,即外管12、中間管14及内管 18。導線20可經由内管18内部之導線腔13推進或移出。 可膨脹圓柱形氣球16在其近端附接於中間管14且在其遠 端附接於内f 18。氣$ 16可為彈性氣球或摺疊之非彈性氣 球(諸如用於血管成形術)。氣球16之近端附接於中間管 W且氣球16之遠端附接於内管18,以使氣球16下之區1 與位於中間管14與内管18之間之氣球充氣腔Μ流體連 通。氣球可藉由經氣球充氣腔24注入流體或氣體而充 氣且藉由抽吸氣球充氣腔24而放氣。包括螢光造影劑之生 理鹽溶液將為用於使氣球16充氣之典型流體。 注入器過渡歧管U密封於中間管14之外側上"卜管 12在其遠端密封於注人器過渡歧管之外側上。可膨脹注入
S 12 201244689 管15在其近端經由注入器過渡歧管u附接,以使注入管 腔管腔與位於令間管14與外管12之間之流體注入 腔22流體連通。圖 * 圃*展不1^ 2之區域4之膨脹型式。注入 管可由彈性金屬(諸如L605)製出*fe**^t a a U5 )製成或較佳具體實例由記 隐金屬(諸如NITIN〇L )製 表风兄田針1 9之穿透限制構件 的:、有扁平遠端之歸襯套穿透限制器17附接於8個可膨 脹'入S 15母一者之遠端上。注入針19自各塑膠襯套17 :遠端向遠端延伸。各注入針之針腔與可膨脹注入管 管腔流體連通。 圖3為展示圖2之區域3之放*納; 之放大縱向橫截面圖,該區 域為具有注入管腔21之自膨脹注入管15之遠端、注入針 19及穿透限制器1?。雖然圖3展示限制器Π為圍繞注入 管15對稱的,但亦設想不對稱穿透限制器,例如僅在内側 具有實質材料之限制器可為較佳,因盔 因為當CAS 10經由導引 導管推進或在程序結束時縮回至導 导51導官中時,該限制器 不太可能貼附於導引導管。 圖4為展示圖2之區域4ιΓΔ<11Λ 之CAS 1〇之放大縱向橫戴面 圖,6玄區域為具有管腔21之自膨眼、、士 目膨脹注入管15之近端。圖4 展示注入管15之管腔21如何與 興CAS 1〇之注入腔22流體 連通的細部圖。特定言之,各吁λ这,广 谷左入營15之近端段經由注入 器過渡歧管11中之孔插入且固定址 疋地附接且密封於歧管U, 以使得各注入管1 5之近端的近端 %開口與位於CAS 1 〇之外 管12與中間管14之間之注入腔 腔22流體連通。作為達成此 結構之另一方式’亦設想注入器站答 器歧管11可為在組裝之前在 201244689 注入管1 5之近端上以成形握冼 βο 取〜锞作成形之單件塑膠。 圆5展示三維示意圆,装 尸 再展不疋心氣球1 6,已膨脹的 CAS 10'。亦展示外管12、中鬥总η 干間# 14及具有導線2〇之内管 18。注入管15自注入器歧營η 官11之遠鳊向遠端方向凸出且具 有襯套1 7 (穿透限制部件), I彳千在其遠端處具有注入針19。 應使膨脹之氣球1 6'充氣曼a虹—, 轧至险好略小於目標血管之直徑。此 將允許其充當定心構件而不對 p耵Θ铩血管壁產生不當損傷。 理想地,氣球16'應為低壓彈枒 口限魘彈性軋球,其中可藉由使用適當 壓力經由氣球充氣腔24佶裔站士 a Α 便氣球1 6充氣來調節直徑,亦設 想CAS 1 0'將具有相較於屋力 至刀具有有限直徑範圍的非柔性或 半柔性成形摺疊氣球(諸如用於‘总# η尸丄丄 、呀戈用於血管成形術氣球中)〇 圖6Α為展示CASIO的-祕- jtEi上 w的二維不意圖’當cas 1〇之遠 端經導線20插入目標血管中時,注入管15敏縮於導引導 管30之遠端内。㈣導管3Q之遠端通常首先置放於目標 血管口之内部(嚙合),且本文展示其自目標血管口稍微縮 回仿佛其處於第一部分自遠端縮回之期間。根據圖6A中 所示位置,導引導管30向近端方向拉回(縮回),從而允 許自膨服注入管15彈甘., 坪開至其打開位置。引線膨脹之程度可 藉由不70王縮回導引導管、從而適當地約束可膨脹管b之 膨脹尺寸來活體内調節(有限且較小)。 圖6B為展示CAS 1〇,在導引導管已被拉回且充氣氣球 16’已膨脹之後的三維示意圖,其中導線2〇仍位於目標血管 内。根據此狀態’具有膨脹氣球16,之CAS 1〇,向遠端方向 推進I至針19穿透環繞目標血管之心孔壁。心孔壁之响
S 14 201244689 合可藉由在注入「燒灼」流體(諸如醇)之前經由針注入 少量碘化造影劑來證實。 圖6C為展示CAS 1〇’’現向遠端方向推進、注入針19 完全穿入心孔壁且各針上之穿透限制部件(襯套)丨7當接 觸心孔壁時限制穿透的三維示意圖。在此組態中,燒灼物 質(諸如乙醇)經由針19注入心孔壁中。燒灼流體自針分 散,且隨著更多燒灼流體注入,圖6C中所示之流體分散區 域將增大以便最終對環繞目標血管之環中之心孔壁組織產 生元全環形燒灼。隨後將氣球16’放氣且將CAS 10向近端 方向拉回直至針19不再穿入心孔壁。隨後再向近端方向拉 回CAS 10至導引導管30之遠端中,其將使自膨脹注入管 1 5敏縮。此時,導線2〇可推入另一目標血管中且重複燒灼 程序。在治療最後目標血管之後,可隨後自患者之身體移 出CAS 1 0。此時,可經由導引導管將電生理學導管引入以 檢驗程序之成功。 圖6D展示CAS 10及導引導管已自身體移出且保留心 孔壁中之經燒灼組織之後的目標血管及心孔壁。 圖6E為展示各針19在心孔壁中燒灼之重曼區域的三 維示意圖’在使用CASIO之程序完成之後,該等重疊區域 形成圍繞目標血管口之環。雖然圖6E展示重疊圈以突出顯 示各針1 9之燒灼,但實際上因為乙醇易分散於組織中,所 以圈實際上將混在一起。 圖7為本發明CASIO之近端之縱向橫截面圖。内管18 之近端附接於魯爾配件(Luer fitting) 38,魯爾配件38可 15 201244689
醇),經由注入管15 其他閥及活栓亦可視 管32之遠端連接。側管32在其近端與魯爾 魯爾配件31可與注射器或流體注入器連接 向注入腔22中注入燒灼物質(諸如乙醇), 且自針1 9注入目標血管之心孔壁中。 需要附接於魯爾配件35及31。 圖8為與圖3中所示具有兩處差異之CAS 4〇之注入針 49之替代型式的縱向橫截面圖。首先,圖中注入針49為具 有注入管腔41之自膨脹管45之削尖遠端,而在圖3中自 膨脹管15附接於具有針腔21之各別注入針19。此具體實 例之穿透限制構件為具有管狀段52之限制器5〇,其附接於 管45之外側,具有自膨脹引線57A及57b,當展開CAS 4〇 時,自膨脹引線57A及57B將打開。限制器5〇通常由預設 為所示具有至少2個自膨脹引線之形狀的單件nitin〇l製 成。此設計之主要優點在於穿透限制構件在用於遞送裝置 之導引導管内佔據極小空間,使CAS 40容易經由導引導管 滑動。雖然展示兩個引線57A及57B,但設想當推進針49 以穿入目標血管之心孔壁時,1個、3個、4個或4個以上 ?丨線可附接於管45來充當穿透限制部件或構件。
S 16 201244689 ® 9為具有圖8之注入針49及限制器5〇之CAS 4 :端部分的縱向橫截面,其中所示注入管45敵縮於具有手 65之插管60内,手柄65用於將CAS 4〇插入導引導管 或:鞘之近端中。此為通常封裝CAS 40之方式,但可在注 入官【5之近端封裝插管6〇,丨中使插管6〇向遠端方向滑 動以恰好在CAS 4〇插入導引導管或外勒之前使注入管15 皺縮。該插管60卩用於本文所揭示之本發明所有具體實 例。其備用步驟如下: 1. 在無菌場地中將滅菌CAS 40自其封裝移出。 2. 用鹽水溶液沖洗導線腔13。 3. 經由大周邊靜脈(諸如股靜脈)進入左心房,通常經 由插入外勒》 4·使用經中隔方法進入左心房,經由靜脈至右心房以進 入左心房。此方法為熟知程序。 5_推進導線及導引導管穿過心房隔至左心房中。 6. 使用具有成形遠端之導引導管或導引外鞘嚙合第一 目標肺靜脈。此可視需要以造影劑注入證實。 7. 將導線經由導引導管推入肺靜脈中。 8. 將導線之近端插入c AS 40之導線腔丨3中且使導線穿 過CAS40且自圖7之近端魯爾配件38穿出。 9. 將約束CAS40遠端之插管60之遠端置入導引導管之 近端中。通常存在附接於導引導管遠端之Tu〇hy_B〇rst配件 以約束失血。可推動插管όο穿過打開之Tuohy_Borst配件 且在其外側關閉Tuohy-Borst配件以固持其於適當位置。 17 201244689 10.將CAS 40之遠端自插管60推出且推入導引導管中。 U.經由圖6A之導引導管30推進Cas 40 (或10),且 經導線20追蹤,直至未膨脹管45 (或15)恰好定位於導 引導管30遠端之近側。此展示於圆6A中。 12. 經導線20推進cAS 40或1 〇直至用於定心之氣球 16在目標血管内。 13. 使用於定心之氣球16膨脹直至其恰好比目標血管 之直徑略小(小1 mm至4 mm )。此將確保Cas 40或1 〇 之遠端部分將大致「定心」於目標血管内以允許以目標血 管口為中心之可膨脹管45或1 5呈環形展開,使得注入心 孔壁中係以目標血管口為中心。 I4·拉回導引導管30以使自膨脹注入管15打開。注入 管15膨脹之周長可藉由改變導引導管3〇之拉回距離來活 體内調節。亦即’若需要較小膨脹直# (周長)來配合彼 特疋目私血管之心孔尺寸,則可藉由不完全縮回導引導管 3〇超過注入管15之近端來部分約束注入管15膨脹。然而, 較佳方法為預設CAS 40或1 〇之最終打開距離,其中注入 s 45(或1 5 )完全膨脹至其最大直徑係由其記憶形狀決定。 典型地’根據欲產生之燒灼環之預期或量測直徑預選擇 40或10注入管15之最大直徑,以使得完全膨脹之注入管 產生正確大小之燒灼「環」。此步驟描繪於圖6B中。 1 5_推進cAS 40或1〇,直至自膨脹注入管45 (或⑴ 中之注入針穿人心孔壁,如圖6C所示,穿透深度為固定距 離’此距離由圖6C之穿透限制部件17或圖8及圖9之5〇
18 S 201244689 限制。 1 6.將注射器或注入系統附接於圖7之魯爾配件3 5 β 17.在注入「燒灼」流體(諸如乙醇)之前,心孔壁之 喷合可藉由經注射器、經魯爾配件35且自針49或圖6C之 19注入少量破化造影劑來證實。若存在組織被造影劑「染 色」’則此將證實針49或1 9嚙合至組織中且不在左心房或 主動脈中自由浮動。 1 8.利用’主射器或注入系統將適量乙醇(ethan〇i )(乙醇 (ethyl alcohol))或其他適當細胞毒性流體經由導管且自針 49或19注入心孔壁中。典型注入量將為1出丨至1〇爪卜如 圖6E中所示,此應產生多個連結的燒灼圈(每針一個), 八混在起且交又形成圍繞目標血管口的環或燒灼組織。 19·在一些情況下,可將CAS旋轉20度至90度且隨後 重複’主入以產生更明顯的燒灼環。 2〇_將CAS 40或1〇縮回至導引導管3〇中,使自膨脹注 入管45或15皺縮。 21.可如所指示重複步驟6至19之相同方法以在相同程 序月門燒灼圍繞—或多個其他肺靜脈之組織,從而確保Μ k灼或第2腎動脈治療高企壓。 自導引導管30移出CAS4〇(或1〇),將其完全拉回 插e 60中。因此若CAS 4〇 (或1〇)需要安置回至體内, 則將其皺縮且即用。 23.田扎不時,經由導引導管推進適當診斷性電生理學 導管以證實燒灼已成功。 19 201244689 24.自身體移出所有剩餘裝置。 CAS可使用類似方法,經由自周邊動脈(諸如股動脈) 進入、經由燒灼環繞一或兩個腎動脈之心孔周圍主動脈壁 組織中之組織’目標為燒灼進入或離開腎之傳入及/或傳出 交感神經纖維,從而治療高血壓。 雖然本文所示之金屬注入管15及45之近端終止於注 入器歧管11 ’但亦設想此等注入管可與延伸至CAS近端之 線連接,以使注入針19及49充當電極,用於感測來自目 標血管之心孔壁的信號以及可能地遞送電刺激或較高電壓 及電流以藉由電或RF燒灼來燒灼心孔壁中之組織。 圖10為使用氣球76使可膨脹注入管75膨脹之CAS 70 之其他具體實例的三維示意圖,可膨脹注入管75用於遞送 燒灼物質經由注入針79至目標血管之心孔壁。8個注入管 75與歧管71連接,當使氣球76充氣且放氣時,該歧管沿 著導管外管74向遠端及近端自由滑動。歧管71使注入管 75之管腔連接至具有流體注入腔81之管72 ^管72連接至 CAS 70近端之配件(諸如圖7之魯爾配件33 )。燒灼流體 源附接於該配件且用來經由管72之流體注入腔8 1將燒灼 流體注入可膨脹管75中且自注入針79注入目標血管之心 孔壁中。藉由經外管74與内管78之間所形成之管腔遞送 流體來使氣球76充氣且放氣。氣球76之近端軸84附接於 外管74之外側且氣球76之遠端軸82附接於内管78之外 側。内管78之内部設置導線20之導線腔85。内管78之遠 端包括不透射線標誌73,當將CAS 70插入目標血管中時,
20 S 201244689 有助於觀測CAS 70之遠端。氣球76包括遠端轴Μ、近端 轴84 ϋ端圓錐段87、中心圓柱段及遠端圓錐段89。 注入管74附接於, ^ 氣球76之中心圓柱段88之外側且亦藉由 覆蓋注入& 75及氣球76之中心圓柱段88之外側的可膨服 帶77固肖雖然可膨脹帶77在圖1〇中展示為僅覆蓋氣球 之中心圓柱部分88,但設想其亦可向近端方向延伸以覆 蓋針79近側之注入管75的整個長度,從而使CAS 70在此 部分上之外表面更平滑。_79自注入管75之遠端向遠端 方向延伸且可由標準針材料(諸如不鏽鋼)或較不透射線 材料(諸如组或鶴)製成或锻有不透射線材料(諸如金或 链)。可膨服帶77用於CAS7〇之目的亦為定位於各針7〇 遠端之近側的穿透限制部件,該穿透_部件僅允許0 7〇穿入目標血管之心孔壁中預設距離。在此具體實例中, 穿透限制部件7 7應使針穿透限於〇 5 m m與i c出之間之深 度。亦設想整個CAS70可由外勒(未圖示)覆蓋,該外稍 防止針79與用於遞送CAS 7〇至目標血管之導引導管之内 側接觸。CAS 70 —旦經導線2〇定位 外勒向近端方向滑回。CAS 7。亦可與如 =内’則應使 6〇 一起使用。 "與如圓”所示之插管 =76可為彈性氣球或半柔性或非柔性氣球(諸如用 ^溶ί 導管中^該氣球通常充有包括造影劑之生理 亦設想保護CAS 70之針79之县处^ 、意敁U * 最佳方法為使與氣球之 遠㈣82或内f78(或兩者)連接之彈性帶(未展示於圖 21 201244689 ι〇中)在展開前情況下覆蓋針79之遠端。氣球7… 使針79向近端方向自該彈性帶拔出。當CAS 推入虱會 時,該彈性帶防止針79貼附於導引導管之内側。體内 對於CAS 70之此具體實例’使用方法為下列步驟· 1. 在無菌場地中將滅菌CAS 70自其封裝移出。 ’ 2. 用鹽水溶液沖洗導線腔8 5。 3·經由大周邊靜脈(諸如股靜脈)進入左心房, %常破 由插入外鞘。 & 4·使用經中隔方法進入左心房,經由靜脈 入左心房。此方法為熟知程序。 5.推進導線及導引導管穿過心房隔至左心房中。 6·使用具有成形遠端之導引導管或導引外鞘嚙合第— 目標肺靜脈。此可視需要以造影劑注入來證實。 7. 經由導引導管將導線推入肺靜脈中。 8. 將導線20之近端插入CAS之導線腔85中且使導線 20穿過CAS 70且自圖7之近端魯爾配件38穿出。 9. 將圖9中約束CAS 70遠端之插管60之遠端置 導管之近端中。通常存在與導引導管之遠端附接之 Tuohy-Borst配件以約束失血。可推動插管60穿過打開之 Tuohy-Borst配件且在其外側關閉Tuohy-Borst配件以固持 其於適當位置。 10. 將C AS 70之遠端自插管60推出且推入導引導管中。 11. 經由導引導管推進CAS 70,且經導線20追礙,直 至遠端標誌帶73恰好定位於導引導管遠端之近側。
S 22 201244689 12. 經導線20推進CAS 70直至標誌帶73位於目標血管 内且軋球7 6之遠端軸8 2恰好位於目標血管之近側。 13. 拉回導引導管以使氣球76現位於導引導管遠端的 遠側。 14. 使氣球76充氣直至其達成比目標血管直徑大1 mm 與10 mm之間的適當直徑。 15. 推進CAS直至注入管75十之注入針穿入心孔壁, 穿入深度為由可膨脹帶77限制之固定距離。當CAS 70推 入目標血管中時’氣球76之遠端圓錐段將起定心CAS 70 之作用。 16. 將注射器或注入系統附接於圖7之魯爾配件35,該 魯爾配件提供將注入心孔壁中之燒灼流體。 17. 心孔壁之嚙合可藉由在注入「燒灼」流體(諸如乙 醇)之前經由注射器經由魯爾配件35且自針79注入少量 碘化造影劑來證實。若存在組織被造影劑「染色」,則此將 證實針79嚙合至組織中且不在左心房或主動脈中自由浮 動。 1 8.利用注射器或注入系統、經由管8 2之管腔8 1且自 針79將適量乙醇(ethanol )(乙醇(ethyl aic〇h〇l ))或其 他適當細胞毒性流體注入心孔壁中。典型注入量將為1 ml 至10 ml。如圖6E中所示,此將產生多個連結燒灼圈(每 針一個)’其應交又形成圍繞目標血管口的環。 19. 將氣球76放氣且使CAS 70縮回至導引導管中。 20. 在一些情況下,可將CAS 70旋轉20度至90度之間 23 201244689 且隨後重複注人以產生更明顯的燒灼環。 21•可如所指示重複步驟之相同方法以在相同程 序期間燒灼圍繞—或多個其他肺靜脈之組織,從而確保AF 燒灼或第2腎動脈治療高血壓。 22·自導引導管移出CAS 7〇 ’將其完全拉回至插管的 中。因此若CAS 70需要安置回至體内,則將其皺縮且即用。 23. 當指示時,經由導引導管推進適 導管以證實燒灼已成功。 學 24. 自身體移出所有剩餘裝置。 CAS 70可使用類似方法’經由自周邊動脈(諸如股動 脈)進入、經由燒灼環繞一或兩個腎動脈之心孔周圍主動 脈壁組織中之組織,目標為燒灼進入或離開腎之傳入及/或 傳出交感神經纖維,從而治療高血壓。 雖然CAS 70展不各別管72,但設想CAS 70導管主體 之流體注入腔可類似於圖1至圖5之CAS 1〇之流體注入腔 構造,其中置放在外管與中間管之間具有流體注入腔的另 一外管。亦設想可使用在導管主體擠出期間所形成之具有 各別管腔的多腔導管替代各管間具有管腔之同心管。類似 地’雖然本文所示之管及管腔之形狀為圓柱形,但亦設想 其他形狀。 雖然本文所述之本發明係以可膨脹氣球作為定心構 件’但設想可使用固定直徑定心段’或機械膨脹式結構亦 可促進CAS之定心《雖然本文所示之CAS型式為經線設 計,但亦設想快速交換導線系統(其中導線在近端與流體
S 24 201244689 注入環之間之位置離開導管主體)在本文中為可行的。另 外,固定線設計(諸如Fischell等人之美國專利第637566〇 號中針對支架遞送導管所示)在本文中亦有用。 、根據以上教示,當然可作出各種其他改進、修改及替 代設計。因此’此時應瞭解,在隨附申請專利範圍之範鳴 内,可不同於本文中所特定描述來實施本發明。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1為本發明環形燒灼系統(CAS)之遠端之三維示意 圖; 圖2為CAS之遠端之縱向橫截面圖; 圖3為展示圖2之區域3之縱向橫截面圖,該區域為 自膨脹注入引線之遠端、注入針及穿透限制器; 圖4為展示圖2之自膨脹注入引線之近端之區域4及 自膨脹注入引線如何與CAS之注入腔流體連通的縱向橫截 面圖; 圖5為展示定心氣球已膨脹的caS之三維示意圆; 圖όΑ為展示當CAS之遠端插入目標血管中時引線敞 縮於導引導管之遠端内之C AS的三維示意圖; 圖6B為展示CAS在CAS定心構件已膨脹且導引導管 已被拉回(縮回)、使自膨脹引線膨脹之後的三維示意圖; 圖6C為展示CAS現向遠端方向推進直至注入針穿入 心孔壁且各針上之穿透限制器當接觸心孔壁時限制穿透的 三維示意圖。在此組態中,燒灼物質(諸如醇)經由針注 入心孔壁中,從而對環繞目標血管之環中之心孔壁組織進 25 201244689 行完全環形燒灼; 圖6D展示CAS及導引導管已自身體移出且保留心孔 壁中之經燒灼組織之後的目標血管及心孔壁; 圖6E為展示心孔壁中之燒灼重疊區域的三維示意圖, 該等燒灼重疊區域形成圍繞目標血管口之圈; 圖7為本發明CAS之近端之縱向橫截面圖; 圓8為注入針及穿透限制構件之替代型式之縱向橫截 面圖; 之CAS的縱向橫截面 插入導引導管或外鞘 ,其中 之近端 圖9為具有圖8之注入針 所示注入管皺縮於用於將CAS 中之導引器管内;及, 圖10為使用氣球使可膨服注 體實例的三維示意圖,料可膨脹=之CAS之另-具 質至目標血管之心孔h s用於遞送燒灼物 【主要元件符號說明】
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Claims (1)

  1. 201244689 七 、申請專利範圍: 7燒灼系統’其用於燒灼一目標血管之心孔壁 中之組織,該環形燒灼系統包含: 縱向延伸之中心軸及一流體注 一導管主體,其具有一 入腔; 至二兩個緊固於該導管主體之可膨脹注人管,該等注 入之母者具有一與該導管主體流體注入腔流體連通之 注入管腔’該等注入管呈有户廿 力丄 5 有一在其遠端形成之注入針; 於距各注入針遠端之近側至 穿透限制部件,其定位 少0.5 mm處;及, 連通 外部燒灼流體 源’其與該等注入管腔之每一者 流體 主趙2包Γ:請專利範圍第1項之環形燒灼系統,其中該導管 及 (a) —外管 巾間管’其與該外管同心對準’從而設定該導 管主體流體注入腔。 /如中請專鄉圍第丨項之環形燒灼线,其巾該等注 IS: 了者在該等注入管之每-者之近端與該中間管固 申請專利範圍第3項之環形燒灼系統,其中該等注 入笞之母一者係藉由歧管固定於該中間管。 5·如中請專利範圍第4項之環形燒灼系統,其㈣歧管 在輪廓上實質上呈環狀,其在 次狄rj工丹有至少兩個通 27 201244689 孔該等注入管之每一者可插入該等通孔之各別者内該 等通孔與流經該流體注人腔之流體流體連通。 6.如申請專利範圍第5項之環形燒灼系統,其中該歧管 與§亥中間管黏附式耦接。 /·如申請專利範圍第5項之環形燒灼系統,其中該歧管 與該中間管以單件形成方式成形。 8. 如申請專利範圍第1項之環形燒灼系統,其進一步包 括一導引導管,崎藝丨道 °導引導管之作用為將該環形燒灼系統經 由人類患者之身體導引至該目標血管口。 9. 如申請專利範圍第8頊 引導管相對於料管主體發b 中隨該導 可相掛於姑士纟冑發生相對縱向位移,該等注入管 ί於該中心軸發生徑向位移。 10. 如申請專利範圍第8 注入管之每―去“ s 貞之%錢灼以,其中該等 之母者由金屬記憶組成物形成。 如申請專利範圍第丨項 透限制a .. 衣形燒灼系統,其中該穿 边限制。卩件為—襯套料, 之外表面上。 疋於忒#注入管之每一者 ^巾請專利_第2項之環形燒灼 外管相對於該中間管發生預 具中隨忒 對於該等注人管之每—者之t 該穿透限制部件可相 者之中心軸發生徑向位移。 13.如申請專利範圍第12項 透限制部件由$ & & s, 衣/勺系統,其中該穿 14‘如申請專利範圍第1項 ^ , L 項之衣形燒灼系統,其自; 在該縱向上延伸且與該導具包括- 貫質上同心對準之内管, S 28 201244689 該内管具有一導線腔。 1 5 .如申請專利範圍第1項 緊固於該内管的系統定心機構 心於該血管内。 之環形燒灼系統,其包括一 ’用於將該環形燒灼系統定 16.如申3青專利範圍第15項之環形燒灼系統,其進一步 包括-同心環繞該内管之中間管,其中該系統定心機構為 -可膨服氣球,該可膨脹氣球具有—近端軸、一遠端軸及 一中心可膨脹部分,該中心可膨脹部分具有同軸位於該可 膨脹部分下的可膨脹空間,球之該遠端軸附接於該内 管且該氣拉該近端轴附接於該中間冑,該纟統進一步包 括-定位於該内管與該中間管之間之氣球充氣腔,該充氣 腔與該可膨脹氣球下之該空間流體連通。 17·如申請專利範圍第16項之環形燒灼系統,其中當流 體組成物插人該氣球充氣时時,該㈣可膨職球可在 相對於該縱向的徑向上膨脹。 A如申請專利範圍第16項之環形燒灼系統,其中該氣 球的預定展開橫載面直徑小於該目標血管之直徑以便將該 環形燒灼系統定心於該企管内。 19.如申請專利範圍第16項之環形燒灼系統其中該氣 球在該中心可膨脹部分内具有一遠端圓錐或圆柱部分,當 該環形燒灼系統之該遠端推人該目標血管中時,該遠 分用來將該氣球定心於該目標血管中。 2〇·如申請專利範圍第16項之環形燒㈣統,其中該氣 球由彈性組成物形成。 29 201244689 21.如申請專利範圍第1 6項之環形燒灼系統,其中該氣 球具有低柔性且藉由使該氣球成形且隨後將其摺叠為其展 開前形狀來形成。 22. 如申請專利範圍第14項之環形燒灼系統,其包括一 導線’該導線可經由該内管所設定之導線腔插入。 23. 如申請專利範圍第22項之環形燒灼系統,其具有一 經線組態,其中該導線腔穿越該導管主體之整個長度。 24. 如申請專利範圍第22項之環形燒灼系統,其具有一 快^交魅態,其中該導線腔之該近端在該導管主體之該 近端之遠側至少丨〇 cm之位置處離開該導管主體。 25. 如申請專利範圍第1項之環形燒W統,其中該等 注入管為自膨脹式。 。申請專利範圍第23項之環形燒灼系統,其中該 注入官由鎳鈦合金形成。 如申請專利範圍第1項之環形燒灼系純,其中注 管可藉由使充氣氣球充氣來膨脹。 28. 如申請專利範圍第27 包括-具有-近端及一遠端之二環:燒灼系統,其進-於該等可膨脹注入管上。 性膜’該彈性膜同轴固 29. 如申請專利範圍第28 性膜之該遠端充當該穿透限制:;環形燒灼系統,其中該: Μ.如申請專利範圍第〗項 灼流體為乙醇組成物。 裒形燒灼系統,其中㈣ 31.如申請專利範圍第1 $之環形燒灼系統,其包括一 S 30 201244689 固定線遞送機構。 32.種治療心房纖維性顫動之方法,該方法包括步驟: a. 推進一導引導管直至其遠端位於一肺靜脈之孔口中, b. 經由導引導管推進—環形燒灼系統導管,直至該環形 燒灼系統之遠端位於該肺靜脈内,該環形燒灼系統包括一 具有可膨脹管的遠端部分,該等可膨脹管在其遠端具有注 入針’該環形燒灼系統經設計可允許燒灼流體經由該等注 入針注入, c•使該導引導管向近端方向縮回, d•使具有遠端注入針之該等可膨脹管向外膨服。 八、圖式: (如次頁) 31
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US20140046298A1 (en) 2014-02-13
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