TW201142199A - LED lamp or bulb with remote phosphor and diffuser configuration with enhanced scattering properties - Google Patents

Abstract

An LED lamp or bulb is disclosed that comprises a light source, a heat sink structure and an optical cavity. The optical cavity comprises a phosphor carrier having a conversions material and arranged over an opening to the cavity. The phosphor carrier comprises a thermally conductive transparent material and is thermally coupled to the heat sink structure. An LED based light source is mounted in the optical cavity remote to the phosphor carrier with light from the light source passing through the phosphor carrier. A diffuser dome is included that is mounted over the optical cavity, with light from the optical cavity passing through the diffuser dome. The properties of the diffuser, such as geometry, scattering properties of the scattering layer, surface roughness or smoothness, and spatial distribution of the scattering layer properties may be used to control various lamp properties such as color uniformity and light intensity distribution as a function of viewing angle.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to solid-state lamps and bulbs, and more particularly to efficient and reliable LED-based lamps and bulbs capable of producing an omnidirectional emission pattern. This application claims the following claims: US Provisional Patent Application No. 61/339, No. 5, filed March 3, 2010, and US Provisional Patent Application No. 3, filed March 3, 2010 U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/386, 437, filed on September 24, 2002, September 24, 2010, US Provisional Application No. 61/424,665, 〇1〇1曰U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/424, 67 No., January 19, 2001, filed on December 19, 美国, US Provisional Patent Application No. 61/434,355, January 23, 2011 U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 61/435,759, filed on Jan. 24, 2011. This application is also a continuation of the application of the following application and claims the rights of the US Patent Application No. 12/848,825, filed on Aug. 2, 2010, and U.S. Patent Application Serial No. U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 12/975,82, filed on Jan. 22, No. s. This invention was made with government support under Contract No. DE-FC26-08NT01577 of the United States Department of Energy. The government has certain rights in the invention. [Prior Art] Incandescent lamps or bulbs or filament-based lamps or bulbs are commonly used as light sources for domestic and commercial installations. However, these lamps are extremely low-efficiency light sources with input energy losses of up to 95°/〇, mainly in the form of heat or infrared energy 154496.doc 201142199. A common alternative to incandescent lamps (so-called compact floodlights (CFL)) is more efficient in converting electricity to light but requires the use of toxic materials, such as the gan materials and various compounds that can cause chronic and acute Poisoned and can cause environmental pollution. One solution for improving the efficiency of a lamp (four) bubble is to use a solid state device (such as a light emitting diode (LED)) instead of a metal filament to produce light. The light emitting diode generally comprises a layer sandwiched by a layer of opposite doping type. One or more active layers of semiconductor material. When a bias voltage is applied to the doped layers, holes and electrons are injected into the active layer where they recombine to produce light. The light system acts on the active layer and is emitted from each surface of the LED. In order to use LED wafers in circuits or other similar configurations, it is known to encapsulate LED wafers in a package to provide environmental and/or mechanical protection, color selection, light focusing, and the like. The LED package also includes electrical leads, contacts or traces for electrically connecting the LED package to an external circuit. In a typical LED package 10 illustrated in Figure 1, a single LED wafer 12 is mounted on a reflective cup π by means of a solder bond or a conductive epoxy. One or more wire bonds 11 connect the ohmic contacts of the LED wafer 12 to the wires 15A and/or 15B, which may be attached to or integral with the reflective cup 13. The reflective cup may be filled with an encapsulant Material 16, the encapsulant material 16 may contain a wavelength converting material such as a glazing body. Light emitted by the LED at the first wavelength can be absorbed by the phosphor, which responsively emits light at the second wavelength. The entire assembly is then encapsulated in a clear protective resin 14 which can be molded into a lens shape to collimate light emitted from the LED wafer 12. Although the reflector cup 13 can direct light in the upward direction, when the light is reflected (also 154496.doc 201142199, some light may be reflected due to the actual reflector surface being less than 1 〇〇 0 / 反射 reflectivity) Cup absorption) 'Optical loss can occur. Additionally, thermal stagnation can be a problem with packages such as package 10 shown in Figure 1, as it can be difficult to extract heat via wires 15A, 15B. The conventional LED package 2 illustrated in Figure 2 may be more suitable for high power operation that produces more heat. In the LED package 2, one or more Led wafers 22 are mounted on a carrier such as a printed circuit board (pCB) carrier, substrate or sub-mount 23. The metal reflector 24 mounted on the sub-substrate 23 surrounds the lED wafer 22 and reflects the light emitted by the LED wafer 22 to move the light away from the package 2''. Reflector 24 also provides mechanical protection for LED wafer 22. One or more wire bond connectors 27 are formed between the ohmic contacts on the LED wafer 22 and the electrical traces 25 A, 25B on the submount 23. The coated Led wafer 22 is then covered with an encapsulant 26, encapsulating The agent 26 provides environmental and mechanical protection to the wafer while also acting as a lens. Metal reflector 24 is typically attached to the carrier by means of solder or epoxy bonding. The LED wafers (such as the LED wafers found in the LED package 20 of Figure 2) can be coated by a conversion material comprising one or more phosphors, wherein the optical bodies absorb at least some of the LED light. The LED wafer can emit light of different wavelengths such that it emits a combination of light from the LED and the phosphor. LED wafers can be coated with phosphors in a number of different ways, one suitable method of which is described in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 11/656,759, the entire disclosure of The title is "Wafer Level Phosphor Coating Method and Devices Fabricated Utilizing Method." Alternatively, LEDs can be coated using other methods such as electrophoresis 154496.doc 201142199 (EPD), one suitable EPD method is described in US Patent Application entitled "Close Loop Electrophoretic Deposition of Semiconductor Devices" by Tarsa et al. Case No. ll/473,089. LED wafers with conversion materials in the vicinity or as direct coatings have been used in a variety of different packages, but encountered some limitations based on the structure of the device. When the light-breaking material is on or near the LED worm layer (and in some cases a conformal coating on the LED), the phosphor can directly withstand the heat generated by the wafer. This heat can increase the temperature of the phosphor material. . Additionally, in these cases the phosphor can be subjected to incident light from very high concentrations or fluxes of the LED. Since the conversion process is typically not effective at 1%, excess heat is generated in the phosphor layer that is proportional to the incident light flux. In a compact phosphor layer close to the LED wafer, this can result in an increase in the substantial temperature in the phosphor layer because of the large amount of heat generated in the small region. This increase in temperature can be exacerbated when the phosphor particles are embedded in a low thermal conductivity material, such as 'polyfluorene oxide, which does not provide an effective dissipation path for the heat generated within the phosphor particles. These elevated temperatures can cause the phosphor and surrounding materials to degrade over time and cause a decrease in phosphor conversion efficiency and a shift in color conversion. Lamps that utilize solid state light sources (such as LEDs) in combination with LEDs or conversion materials at the distal end of the LED have also been developed. Such a configuration is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 6,350,041 to the name of "High Output Radial Dispersing Lamp Using a Solid State Light Source" by Tarsa et al. The lamp described in this patent may comprise a solid state light source that transmits light through a separator to a disperser having a phosphor 154496.doc 201142199 light body. The disperser allows the light to be dispersed in a desired pattern and/or to change its color by converting the light to at least some different wavelengths via a light illuminator or other conversion material. In some embodiments, the separator separates the source from the disperser a sufficient distance such that when the source is carried to the elevated current necessary for internal illumination, heat from the source will not be transferred to the disperser. An additional remote phosphor technique is described in U.S. Patent No. 7,614,759, to the name of "Lighting Device" by Negley et al. One potential disadvantage of having a remote phosphor lamp is that it can have undesirable visual or aesthetic characteristics. When the light does not produce light, the light can have a different surface color than the typical white or clear appearance of a standard Edison light bulb. In some examples, the lamp may have a yellow or orange appearance that is primarily produced by a phosphor conversion material. This appearance is not desirable for many applications where it can cause aesthetic problems with the surrounding building 7L when the light is not illuminated. This can have a negative impact on the overall acceptance of these types of lamps by consumers. Additionally, the distal phosphor configuration can be subject to insufficient thermal heat transfer as compared to a conformal or adjacent phosphor configuration that can be conducted or dissipated through the nearby wafer or substrate surface during the conversion process. Dissipative path. In the absence of an effective heat dissipation path, the thermally isolated distal phosphor can be subjected to two operating temperatures, which in some instances may even be higher than comparable conformal coated. The temperature in the layer. This situation can offset some or all of the benefits achieved by placing the phosphor at the distal end relative to the wafer. In other words, the placement of the phosphor at the distal end relative to the LED wafer can reduce or eliminate the direct heat generation of the phosphor layer due to the heat generated in the LED wafer during operation, but the resulting phosphor temperature decreases. This may be partially or fully attributed to the heat generated in the smear layer itself during the light conversion process and the lack of a suitable thermal path to dissipate the heat generated thereby. Another problem affecting the implementation and acceptance of lamps utilizing solid state light sources is related to the nature of the light emitted by the source itself. In order to manufacture an effective lamp or bulb based on a led light source (and associated conversion layer), it is often desirable to place the LED wafer or package in a coplanar configuration. This facilitates manufacturing and can reduce manufacturing costs by allowing the use of conventional production equipment and processes. However, coplanar configurations of LED chips typically produce a forward light intensity profile (e.g., a Lambertian profile). Such beam profiles are generally undesirable in applications where solid state lights or light bulbs are intended to replace conventional lamps, such as conventional white woven bulbs, which have a more omnidirectional beam pattern. While it is possible to mount an LED light source or package in a three-dimensional configuration, it is often difficult and expensive to manufacture such configurations. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a lamp and a light bulb that generally comprise different combinations and configurations of a light source, one or more wavelength converting materials, separately positioned relative to the light source, or positioned at a distal end. Multiple zones or layers, and a single diffusion layer. This configuration allows for the manufacture of efficient, reliable and cost effective lamps and bulbs' and even in the case of a light source consisting of one coplanar configuration of LEDs, a substantially omnidirectional emission pattern can be provided. In addition, this configuration allows the appearance of the transition zones or layers to be obscured or concealed for aesthetic purposes when the lights are not illuminated. Various embodiments of the present invention can be used to address many of the difficulties associated with utilizing an effective solid state light source, such as an LED, in the manufacture of a lamp or bulb suitable for directly replacing a conventional white woven bulb. Embodiments of the present invention 154496.doc 201142199 may be configured to accommodate recognized standard sized contours (such as those belonging to conventional lights, such as incandescent light bulbs), thereby facilitating direct replacement of such light bulbs. Embodiments of the invention may also include various configurations having a conversion material at the distal end of the light source, and may provide a diffuser over the conversion material and the light source, wherein the diffusers will be from the lamp The light from the source and/or conversion material is dispersed into a desired pattern, such as an almost uniform color and/or intensity over a range of viewing angles. The properties of the diffuser, such as geometry, scattering properties of the scattering layer, surface roughness or smoothness, and spatial distribution of the properties of the scattering layers, can be used to control various lamp properties, such as uniform color over the viewing angle. Sex and light intensity distribution. The geometry and other aspects of the diffuser can be used to modify the beam profile in many different ways. For example, by extending the "bulb" portion of the diffusion benefit of 70 pieces beyond the outline of other lamp features (such as the heat sink P-knife), the diffuser can be seen from behind the lamp, thereby allowing additional The light is directed to greater than 90 with respect to the vertical axis of the lamp. The degree of angle. The nature of the particles used to scatter light and even the smoothness of the bulb and the surface of the diffusing film can also have a strong influence on the emission profile of a given diffuser geometry. By having a conversion material and a diffuser at the distal end of the source, an electrical signal of the south can be applied to the source' which can result in increased light output but also allows the source to operate at higher temperatures. The distance between the source and the conversion material reduces the transfer of heat generated within the source to the optical or conversion layer. This maintains high conversion efficiency and reliability, so that!, W counts are possible, resulting in lower manufacturing costs. Some embodiments may also include allowing the hot active material associated with the transition to leave the remote end. Features of the conversion material. The diffusers and conversion materials can have different shapes, and in some embodiments, the geometry of the two can cooperate to provide a desired lamp emission pattern or uniformity. The embodiment includes a coffee-based light source and a remote wavelength converting material spaced from the LED light source. The diffuser is disposed at a distal end of the distal wavelength converting material, wherein the diffuser comprises a geometric shape and light Scattering properties to disperse light from the LED source and the wavelength converting material into a substantially omnidirectional emission pattern. Another embodiment of a solid state lamp in accordance with the present invention includes a forward emitting, light emitting diode (LED) source And a distal phosphor separated from the LED light source. A diffuser is disposed at the distal end of the distal phosphor. The diffuser is configured with a scattering material and is also configured Providing a substantially uniform lamp emission pattern from the lED source and the remote phosphor. The solid state lamp according to the present invention comprises an LED based light source and a two dimensional remote phosphor separated from the LED source a three-dimensional diffuser disposed at a distal end of the distal phosphor, wherein the diffuser has a shape and varying scattering properties. Light emitted from the diffuser has a corner compared to light emitted from the remote phosphor Variations in the reduction of the spatial emission intensity profile in the range. These and other aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings. Modes The present invention is directed to different embodiments of a lamp or bulb structure that is efficient, reliable, and cost effective, and in some embodiments can provide from a directional emission source (such as a forward emitting source) a substantially omnidirectional emission pattern. The invention is also directed to the use of solid state illuminators and remote conversion materials (or phosphors) as well as remote diffusion elements or The lamp structure of the diffuser. In some embodiments, the diffuser not only shields the phosphor from being visible to the lamp user, but also disperses or redistributes the light source from the end of the disc and/or the lamp. The pattern is to be emitted. In some embodiments, the diffuser dome can be configured to disperse the just-emitting pattern into a more omnidirectional map that can be used for general lighting applications, and the diffuser can be used to have a two-dimensional and three-dimensional shape. In a conversion material embodiment, there is a combination of features capable of converting a front emission from an LED source into a beam profile comparable to a standard incandescent bulb. Reference herein is made to a conversion material, a wavelength converting material, a remote phosphor, a phosphor, Phosphor layers and related terms are used to describe the invention. The use of such terms is not to be construed as limiting. It should be understood that the term distal lenest, scale or dish is used to encompass all wavelength conversions. The material is equally applicable to all wavelength converting materials. Some embodiments of the lamp may have a dome-shaped (or frusto-spherical) three-dimensional conversion material over the light source and spaced apart from the light source, and a dome-shaped diffuser spaced apart from the conversion material and over the conversion material 'Let the lamp show a double dome structure. The spaces between the various structures may include light mixing chambers that not only promote dispersion of lamp emission but also promote color uniformity. The space between the light source and the conversion material and the space between the conversion materials can fill the cavity. Other embodiments may include an external conversion material or diffuser that may form an additional mixing chamber. The dome conversion material and the dome diffuser may be different so that some embodiments may have a diffuser inside the conversion material while (iv) forming a light mixing chamber therebetween. These configurations are only a few of the many different conversion materials and diffuser configurations in accordance with the present invention. Some lamp embodiments in accordance with the present invention may comprise a light source having a coplanar configuration of - or a plurality of LED wafers or packages mounted on a flat or planar surface. In other embodiments, the led wafer may not be coplanar' such as attached to a pedestal or other three dimensional structure. Coplanar light sources reduce the complexity of the illuminator configuration, making it easier and less expensive to manufacture. However, coplanar light sources tend to illuminate primarily in the forward direction, such as in a Lambertian emission pattern. In various embodiments, it may be desirable to emit a light pattern that mimics the light pattern of a conventional incandescent bulb, knowing that incandescent lamps, bubbles can provide nearly uniform emission intensity and color uniformity at different emission angles. Different embodiments of the invention may include transforming the emission pattern from a non-uniform sentence to a feature that is substantially uniform over a range of viewing angles. In some embodiments, the conversion layer or region may comprise a disk carrier, which may comprise a thermally conductive material that is at least partially transparent to light from the source and that each absorbs light from the source and emits light of a different wavelength. At least - a phosphor material. The diffuser can comprise a diffusing film/particle and associated carrier (such as a glass envelope) and can be used to scatter or redirect at least some of the light emitted by the source and/or the phosphor carrier to provide a desired beam profile. In some embodiments, a lamp in accordance with the present invention can emit a beam profile that is compatible with a standard incandescent light bulb. The properties of the diffuser, such as geometry, scattering properties of the scattering layer, surface roughness or smoothness, and the spatial distribution of the properties of the scattering layers, 154496.doc -13 - 201142199, can be used to control various lamp properties, such as Color uniformity and light intensity distribution as a function of inspection angle. By shielding the phosphor carrier and other internal light features, the diffuser provides a desired overall lamp appearance when the lamp or bulb is not illuminated. A heat sink structure can be included that is in thermal contact with the source and in thermal contact with the phosphor carrier to dissipate heat generated within the source and phosphor layer to the environment. Electronic circuitry may also be included to provide power to the light source and to provide other capabilities (such as 'dimming, etc.), and such circuitry may include components to apply electrical power to the lamp (such as a screw mount, etc.). Different embodiments of the lamp can have many different shapes and sizes, some of which have dimensions that can be mounted into a standard size bulb housing such as the A19 size bulb housing 30 as shown in FIG. This makes the lamp particularly useful as an alternative to conventional incandescent lamps or bulbs and fluorescent lamps or bulbs, wherein the lamp according to the present invention enjoys reduced energy consumption and long service life provided by its solid state light source. Lamps in accordance with the present invention may also accommodate other types of standard size profiles including, but not limited to, A21 and A23. In some embodiments, the light source can comprise a solid state light source, such as a different type, LED, LED wafer or LED package. Single-LED wafers or packages may be used in some embodiments, while in other embodiments, multiple LED wafers or packages β|| configured using different types of arrays may be used to thermally isolate the phosphor from the LED wafer and With good heat dissipation, LED chips can be driven by higher current levels without the harmful effects of the conversion efficiency of the light body and its long-term reliability. This may allow over-excitation of the coffee wafer to reduce the flexibility of the number of LEDs required to produce the desired luminous flux. This in turn can reduce the cost of the complex 154496.doc 201142199. Such LED packages may include LEDs that are encapsulated by a material that can withstand elevated luminous flux or may include unencapsulated LEDs. In some embodiments, the light source can include one or more blue light emitting LEDs and the phosphor layer in the phosphor carrier can comprise one or more materials that absorb one portion of the blue light and emit one or more different wavelengths The light is such that the lamp emits a combination of white light from the blue led and conversion material. The conversion material absorbs blue LED light and emits different colors of light, including (but not limited to) yellow and green. The light source can also include different LEDs and conversion materials that emit light of different colors such that the light emits light having desired characteristics such as color temperature and color rendering. Conventional lamps with red and blue LED chips can withstand color instability at different operating temperatures and dimming. This can be attributed to the different behavior of red and blue LEDs at different temperatures and operating powers (current/voltage) and different operating characteristics over time. This effect can be slightly mitigated by implementing an active control system that increases the cost and complexity of the entire lamp. This problem can be solved by combining a light source having the same type of illuminator with a remote phosphor carrier, which can comprise a plurality of phosphors via a different embodiment of the invention, via the multilayer phosphor The heat dissipation configuration disclosed herein remains relatively cold. In some embodiments, the distal phosphor carrier can absorb light from the illuminator and can re-emit light of different colors while still experiencing efficiency and reliability in reducing the operating temperature of the phosphor. The separation of the phosphor element from the LED provides an added advantage: easier and more consistent color sorting. This can be done in a number of ways. LEDs from each of the 154496.doc -15- 201142199 sorting grades (eg, blue LEDs from various sorting levels) can be assembled to achieve a substantially uniform wavelength source of excitation that can be used in different lamps. These excitation sources can then be combined with a fill carrier having substantially the same conversion characteristics to provide a lamp that emits light within the desired sorting level. In addition, a large number of phosphor carriers can be fabricated and pre-sorted according to their different conversion characteristics. Different disc carriers can be combined with light sources that emit different characteristics to provide a light that emits light within a target color sorting level. Some of the lamps in accordance with the present invention can also provide improved emission efficiency by surrounding the light source with a reflective surface. This results in enhanced photon recycling by reflecting most of the light re-emitted from the conversion material back toward the source. To further enhance efficiency and provide the desired emission profile, the surface of the phosphor layer, carrier layer or diffuser can be smooth or scattered. In some embodiments, the carrier layer and the inner surface of the diffuser can be optically smoothed to promote total internal reflection behavior. The total internal reflection behavior reduces the amount of light (downconverted or scattered light) that is directed backward from the phosphor layer. This reduces the amount of light that can be emitted back by the LED chip of the lamp, the associated substrate, or other non-ideal reflective surfaces inside the lamp. The invention is described herein with reference to certain embodiments, but it is understood that the invention may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein. In particular, the invention is described below with respect to certain lamps having one or more LED or LED wafers or LED packages in different configurations, but it should be understood that the invention is applicable to many other lamps having many different configurations. . An example of a different lamp that is configured in a different manner in accordance with the present invention is described below and described in U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 61/435,759, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. -16 - 201142199

The application is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety herein by reference in its entirety in its entirety in the the the the the the the the the the the the the The components can have different shapes and sizes than the shapes and sizes shown, and can include a different number of LEDs. It should also be understood that the embodiments described below utilize coplanar light sources, but it should be understood that non-coplanar light sources can also be used. It should also be understood that the LED light source of the lamp can include one or more LEDs, and in embodiments having more than one lED, the LEDs can have different emission wavelengths. Similarly, some LEDs may have phosphor layers or regions that are adjacent or in contact, while others [ED may have adjacent phosphor layers of different compositions or no phosphor layers at all. The invention is described herein with reference to a conversion material in which the phosphor layer and the phosphor carrier and diffuser are distal to each other. In this context, the distal ends are spaced apart from each other and/or are not in direct thermal contact. It will also be understood that when an element such as a layer, region or substrate is referred to as "in" another element, it may be directly on the other element or an intervening element. In addition, terms such as "inside", "outside", "below", "below" and "below" may be used herein to describe the relationship of -layer or another. It is to be understood that the terms are intended to encompass the orientations depicted in the drawings and the various aspects of the embodiments. Although the terms first, fourth, and fourth may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers, and/or sections, the 7L, components, regions, layers, and/or sections are not limited by these terms. J This 4 term is only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from „ . ^ η &, layer or section. 154496.doc -17· 201142199 this 'without departing from the teachings of the present invention In this case, the first element, component, region, layer or section discussed below may be referred to as a second element, component, region, layer or section. Reference is made herein to the schematic illustration of an embodiment of the invention. The cross-sectional illustrations are illustrative of embodiments of the present invention. Thus, the actual thickness of the layers can be varied, and variations in shape relative to the description are contemplated due to, for example, manufacturing techniques and/or tolerances. The examples should not be construed as being limited to the specific shapes of the regions illustrated herein, but will include variations in the shape resulting from, for example, manufacturing. The regions illustrated or described as square or rectangular will generally be attributed to normal manufacturing tolerances. Rounded or curved Therefore, the regions illustrated in the figures are illustrative in nature and their shapes are not intended to illustrate the precise shapes of the regions of the device and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Figure 4 shows a lamp 50 in accordance with the present invention. An embodiment comprising a heat sink structure 52 having an optical cavity 54 having a platform 56 for holding a light source 58. Although this embodiment and some embodiments are described below with reference to an optical cavity, it should be understood that Many other embodiments without optical cavities may be provided. Such embodiments may include, but are not limited to, a light source on a planar surface of a lamp structure or on a pedestal. Light source 58 may comprise a number of different illuminators, with the implementation shown Examples include an LED. Many different commercially available LED chips or LED packages can be used, including but not limited to, available at N〇nh Car〇iina.

Durham's Cree, Inc. LED chip or LED package. It will be appreciated that lamp embodiments without optical cavities may be provided in which the LEDs are mounted in different ways in these other embodiments. By way of example, the light source can be mounted to a flat surface in the lamp&apos; or a susceptor for holding the LED can be provided. 154496.doc -18- 201142199 Light source 58 can be mounted to platform 56 using a number of different known mounting methods and materials, with light from source 58 being emitted from the top opening of cavity 54. In some embodiments, light source 58 can be mounted directly to platform 56, while in other embodiments, the light source can be included on a sub-substrate or printed circuit board (PCB) 'and then the sub-substrate or printed circuit board (pcB) Installed to platform 56. Platform 56 and heat sink structure 52 can include conductive paths for applying electrical signals to light source 58, wherein some of the conductive paths are conductive traces or wires. Portions of the platform 56 may also be made of a thermally conductive material, and in some embodiments, heat generated during operation may be spread to the platform and then spread to the fin structure. The fin structure 52 can comprise at least a portion of a thermally conductive material, and a plurality of different thermally conductive materials can be used, including different metals (such as copper or aluminum) or metal alloys. Copper can have a thermal conductivity of up to 400 W/m-k or more. In some embodiments, the heat sink may comprise high purity aluminum &apos; high purity aluminum having a thermal conductivity of about 210 W/m-k at room temperature. In other embodiments, the fin structure may comprise a die cast with a thermal conductivity of about 200 W/m-k. The heat sink structure 52 may also include other heat dissipation features such as heat dissipation fins 6G that increase the heat sink "surface area to promote more efficient dissipation in the environment. In some embodiments, the heat sink fins 6 can be made of a material having a thermal conductivity higher than the remainder of the heat sink. In the illustrated embodiment, the fins 6〇 are shown in a generally horizontal orientation, although it should be understood that in other embodiments, the fins may have a vertical or angled orientation. In still other embodiments, the sheet may contain 3 active cold sections 70 (such as a fan) to reduce the convective thermal resistance within the lamp. In some embodiments, the heat dissipation from the feed carrier is achieved via a combination of heat dissipation at 154496.doc • 19-201142199 and conduction through the fin structure 52. </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt;

Incorporating Remote Phosphor with Heat Dissipation Features and Diffuser Element, is also incorporated herein by reference to Cree, Inc. Reflective layer 53 can also be included on heat sink structure 52, such as on the surface of optical cavity 54. In embodiments that do not have an optical cavity, a reflective layer around the source can be included. In some embodiments, the surface may be coated with a material having a reflectance of about 75% or more of the visible wavelength of the light emitted by the source 58 and/or the wavelength converting material, while in other implementations In the example, the material may have a reflectivity of about 85% or more for the light. In still other embodiments, the material may have a reflectance of about 95% or more for the light. The heat sink structure 52 may also include features for connection to a power source, such as to a different electrical outlet. In some embodiments, the heat sink structure can include features of the type for mounting in conventional electrical sockets. For example, the heat sink structure can include features for mounting to a standard threaded seat that can include a threaded portion that can be screwed into the threaded seat. In other embodiments, the heat sink structure may comprise a standard plug and the electrical socket may be a standard socket, or the heat sink structure may comprise a GTj24 base unit, or the heat sink structure may be a clip and the electrical socket may receive and hold the clip Sockets (for example, as used in many dens lights). These are only a few of the options for the heat sink structure and sockets' and can be used to safely deliver electricity from the outlet to the other 154496.doc •20· 201142199 configuration. A lamp in accordance with the present invention may include a power supply or power conversion unit that may include a driver to allow the lamp to be powered by the AC line voltage/current and to provide source dimming capability. In some embodiments, the power supply can include an off-line constant current LED driver using a non-isolated quasi-resonant flyback topology. The LED driver can be mounted within the lamp&apos; and in some embodiments, the LED driver can comprise less than 25 cubic centimeters of volume, while in other embodiments, the LED driver can comprise a volume of about 20 cubic centimeters. In some embodiments, the power supply can be non-dimmable, but at a lower cost. It should be understood that the power supplies used may have different topologies or geometries and may also be dimmable. A phosphor carrier 62 is included over the top opening of the cavity 54 and includes a dome shaped diffuser 76 over the phosphor carrier 62. In the illustrated embodiment, the phosphor carrier covers the entire opening, and the cavity opening is shown as being circular and the 4-light carrier 62 is a disk. It should be understood that the cavity opening and the bowl carrier can be of many different shapes and sizes. It should also be understood that the phosphor carrier 62 may not cover the entire cavity opening. As described hereinafter, the diffuser 76 is configured to disperse light from the fill carrier and/or LED into a desired lamp emission pattern 'and can include many different shapes and sizes, depending on the light it receives and It depends on the light emission pattern. The embodiment of the scale carrier according to the present invention can be characterized as comprising a conversion material and a thermally conductive light transmissive material&apos; but it will be understood that a thermally non-conductive filler carrier can also be provided. The dimming material may be transparent to light from the source, and the conversion material shall be light that absorbs light from the wavelength of the source and re-emits light of different wavelengths. In the illustrated embodiment, the thermally conductive light transmissive material 154496 .doc 201142199 includes a carrier layer 64, and the conversion material comprises a phosphor layer 66 on the phosphor carrier. As further described below, various embodiments may include many different configurations of thermally conductive light transmissive materials and conversion materials. When light from source 58 is absorbed by the phosphor in phosphor layer 66, the light is re-emitted in an isotropic direction, of which about 50 Å. The light is emitted forward and the 50°/〇 light is emitted back into the cavity 54. In previous LEDs with a conformal disc layer, a significant portion of the back-emitting light can be directed back into the LED and the likelihood of light escaping is limited by the extraction efficiency of the LED structure. For some LEDs, the extraction efficiency can be about 70%, so a certain percentage of the light that is directed back into the LED from the conversion material can be lost. In a lamp having a remote phosphor configuration in accordance with the present invention, the LED is located on the platform 56 at the bottom of the cavity 54. A higher percentage of the rearward phosphor light strikes the surface of the cavity rather than the LED. The surface coating with the reflective layer 53 increases the percentage of light that is reflected back to the phosphor layer 66 (at the phosphor layer 66, the light can be emitted from the lamp). These reflective layers 53 allow the optical cavity to effectively recirculate photons and increase the emission efficiency of the lamp. It should be understood that the reflective layer can comprise a number of different materials and structures including, but not limited to, reflective metal or multilayer reflective structures such as distributed Bragg reflectors. In embodiments that do not have an optical cavity, a reflective layer around the LED can also be included. Carrier layer 64 may be made of many different materials having a thermal conductivity of 0.5 W/mk or more, such as quartz, tantalum carbide (Sic) (thermal conductivity ~12 〇 W/mk), glass (heat) The conductivity is 1 (M 4 w/mk) or sapphire (thermal conductivity is ~40 W/mk). In other embodiments, the carrier layer may have a thermal conductivity greater than 1.0 W/mk, while in other implementations In an example, it may have a thermal conductivity of 154496.doc • 22- 201142199 at 5.0 W/mk. In still other embodiments, the carrier layer 64 may have a thermal conductivity greater than 10 W/mk. In some embodiments The carrier layer may have a thermal conductivity in the range of from 1.4 W/mk to 10 W/mk. The disc carrier may also have different thicknesses depending on the material used, with a suitable thickness ranging from 0.1 mm to 10 mm. Or more than 10 mm. It should be understood that γ also uses other thicknesses depending on the properties of the material used for the carrier layer. The material should be thick enough to provide sufficient lateral heat dissipation for specific operating conditions. In general, the higher the thermal conductivity of the material The thinner the material may be, while still providing the necessary dissipation. Different factors can influence which carrier layer to use. Materials, different factors include, but are not limited to, cost and transparency to source light. Some materials may also be more suitable for larger diameters such as glass or quartz by forming a phosphor layer on a larger diameter carrier layer and then The carrier layer is singulating into smaller carrier layers which provide reduced manufacturing costs. A number of different phosphors can be used in the phosphor layer 66, wherein the invention is particularly adapted to emit white light lamps. Description, in some embodiments, light source 58 can be an LED-based light source and can emit light of a blue wavelength spectrum. The fill layer can absorb some of the blue light and re-emit yellow light. This situation allows the lamp to emit blue light in combination with white light. In some embodiments, the blue LED light can be converted by a yellow conversion material using a commercially available YAG:Ce filler, but using a system based on (Gd, Y) 3 (Al, Ga) 5012: Ce (such as Y3Al5) 〇12: Ce (YAG)) phosphor-converted particles 'may achieve a full range of broad-spectrum spectral emission. Can be used to produce white light when used with blue-emitting LEd-based illuminators Other yellow discs include (but are not limited to):

Tb3-xREx012: Ce(TAG); RE=Y, Gd, La, Lu; or 154496.doc -23- 201142199

The Sr2-x.yBaxCaySi〇4:Eu 磷 phosphor layer may also be provided with more than one phosphor, the one or more phosphors being mixed in the phosphor layer 66 or as the second phosphor layer on the carrier layer 64. In some embodiments, each of the two phosphors can absorb LED light and can re-emit light of a different color. In such embodiments, the colors from the two phosphor layers can be combined for achieving a 咼CRI white (warm white) with a different white hue. This situation may include light from the yellow phosphor above that may be combined with light from a red dish. Different red phosphors can be used, including:

SrxCa].xS:Eu y, Y=halide;

CaSiAlN3:Eu; or Sr2.yCaySi04:Eu Other phosphors can be used to produce colored illumination by converting substantially all of the light into a particular color. For example, the following scales can be used to produce green light:

SrGa2S4: Eu;

Sr2-yBaySi〇4:Eu; or SrSi2〇2N2:Eu. Some additional scales suitable for use as conversion particles for the carbon layer 66 are listed below, although other phosphors may be used. Each phosphor exhibits an excitation in the blue and/or UV luminescence spectrum that provides a desired peak luminescence with efficient light conversion and an acceptable Stokes shift: yellow/green 154496. Doc •24· 201142199 (Sr,Ca,Ba)(Al,Ga)2S4:Eu2+

Ba2(Mg,Zn)Si2〇7:Eu2+

Gd〇 46Sr〇.3iAl123〇xF 1.38-Eu 〇 06 (Bai.x.ySrxCay)Si〇4:Eu

Ba2Si04: Eu2+ red

Lu2〇3 :Eu3 + (Sr2.xLax)(Ce1.xEux)04

Sr2Ce1.xEux04

Sr2-xEuxCe〇4

SrTi03: Pr3+, Ga3+

CaAlSiN3: Eu2+

Sr2Si5N8:Eu2+ may use filler particles of different sizes including, but not limited to, particles in the range of from 1 nanometer (nm) to 30 micrometers (μm) or more than 30 micrometers (μm). In terms of scattering and mixing colors, smaller particles are usually better for larger particles to provide a more uniform light. Larger particles are generally more efficient at converting light than smaller particles, but emit less uniform light. In some embodiments, the build-up may be provided in the light-guiding layer 66 in the adhesive, and the phosphor may also have different concentrations or loads of phosphor material in the adhesive. Typical concentrations range from 30% to 7% by weight. In one embodiment, the phosphor concentration is about 65 weights per mile and is preferably evenly dispersed throughout the distal phosphor. The phosphorescent eyebrows can be _ , and the nine layers 66 can also have different zones with different conversion materials and conversion materials of different concentrations. 154496.doc -25- 201142199 = The same material can be used for the adhesive, wherein the material is preferably strong after curing and substantially transparent in the visible wavelength spectrum. Suitable materials include polyfluorene oxide, epoxy resin, glass, inorganic glass, dielectric, bcb, polyamine, polymer and their mixtures, of which the preferred material is W oxygen (this is due to the high power of polyoxyl High transparency and reliability in led Suitable phenyl and sulfhydryl-based polyfluorenes are commercially available from D〇w® Chemical. Many different curing methods can be used to cure the adhesive, such as used. Different curing factors include, but are not limited to, thermal curing, ultraviolet (UV) curing, infrared (IR) curing, or air curing. Different processes can be used to coat the phosphor layer 66' different processes. These include, but are not limited to, spin coating, splash bonding, printing, powder coating, electrophoretic deposition (EpD), electrostatic deposition, and others. As mentioned above, the light layer 66 can be coated with the binder material, but should It is understood that no binder is required. In yet other embodiments, the phosphor layer 66 can be separately fabricated and then the phosphor layer 66 can be mounted to the carrier layer 64. In one embodiment, the phosphor-binder mixture can be sprayed. Dispersing over the carrier layer 64, the binder is then cured to form the phosphor layer 66. In some of these embodiments, the phosphor-binder mixture can be sprayed, poured or dispersed onto the heated carrier layer. 64 on or above 64 such that when the phosphor binder mixture contacts the carrier layer 64, heat from the carrier layer 64 is dispersed into the binder and the binder is cured. These processes may also include phosphor-binder mixtures. a solvent that liquefies the mixture and reduces the viscosity of the mixture, making the mixture more suitable for spraying. 154496.doc • 26· 201142199 Many different solvents can be used including, but not limited to, toluene, benzene, dimethyl Zylene or commercially available from Dow Corning 8 and may use different concentrations of solvent. When the solvent-phosphor-binder mixture is sprayed or dispersed on the heated carrier layer 64, The heat of the carrier layer 64 evaporates the solvent, wherein the temperature of the carrier layer affects the extent to which the solvent evaporates. The heat from the carrier layer 64 also cures the binder in the mixture, thereby A fixed phosphor layer is left on the body layer. The carrier layer 64 can be heated to a number of different temperatures depending on the materials used and the desired solvent evaporation and adhesive cure rate. Suitable temperatures range from 9 to 150. (:, but it should be understood that other temperatures may also be used. Various deposition methods and systems are described in U.S. Patent Application entitled "Systems and Methods for Application 〇f 〇ptical Materials to Optical Elements" by D〇n〇fri〇 et al. Publication No. 2010/0155763, and the disclosure has also been assigned to Cree Inc. The fill layer 66 can have a number of different thicknesses depending, at least in part, on the concentration of the disc material and the desired amount of light to be converted by the phosphor layer 66. The phosphor layer according to the present invention can be coated at a concentration level higher than 30% (phosphor load). Other embodiments may have a concentration level above 50%, while in other embodiments, the concentration level may be above 60%. In some embodiments, the phosphor layer can have a thickness in the range of 10 micrometers to 1 micrometer, while in other embodiments the phosphor layer can have a thickness in the range of 40 micrometers to 50 micrometers. The methods described above can be used to coat multiple layers of the same or different phosphor materials, and can be coated with different phosphor materials in different regions of the carrier layer using known masking processes. Layer 66 154496.doc • 27- 201142199 Some thickness control, but for even greater thickness control, the method can be used to grind the phosphor layer to reduce the thickness of the wall layer 66 or to level the thickness over the entire layer. . This abrasive feature provides the added advantage of being able to produce a lamp that emits within a single sorting level on the CIE chromaticity diagram. Sorting is generally known in the art and is intended to ensure that the LEDs or lamps provided to the end customer emit light in an acceptable range of colors. The LEDs or lamps can be tested and sorted into different sorting levels by color or brightness (generally referred to as sorting in the art). ^ Each sorting level typically contains colors and The LEDs or lights of the brightness group' are typically identified by a sorting level code. White LEDs or lamps can be classified by chromaticity (color) and luminous flux (brightness). The thickness control of the scale layer provides greater control over the generation of the light that emits light within the target sorting level by controlling the amount of source light converted by the fill layer. A plurality of phosphor carriers 62 having phosphor layers 66 of the same thickness may be provided. By using light sources 58' having substantially the same light-emitting characteristics, lamps having substantially the same emission characteristics may be fabricated, which may be in some examples Within a single sorting level. In some embodiments, the lamp illumination is within a standard deviation from a point on the CIE map, and in some embodiments 'the standard deviation comprises less than 1 〇 step (丨〇_step) McAdams ellipse . In some embodiments, the illumination of the lamp is within a 4-step MacAdam ellipse centered at CIEXy (0.313, 0.323). Phosphor support 62 can be mounted and bonded to the opening in cavity 54 using a different known method or material, such as a thermally conductive bonding material or thermal grease. Conventional thermal greases may contain ceramic materials such as yttria and aluminum nitride 154496.doc -28- 201142199 or metal particles such as colloidal silver. In other embodiments, a phosphor carrier can be mounted over the opening using a thermally conductive device such as a clamping mechanism, a screw or a thermal adhesive to hold the phosphor carrier 62 tightly to the heat sink structure to Maximize thermal conductivity. In one embodiment, a thermal grease layer having a thickness of about 100 μηηη and a thermal conductivity of k = 0.2 w/m-k is used. This configuration provides an effective thermally conductive path for dissipating heat from the phosphor layer 66. As mentioned above, different lamp embodiments without cavities can be provided, and the scale carrier can be mounted in many different ways except on the opening of the cavity. During operation of the lamp 50, phosphor conversion heating is concentrated in the phosphor layer 66, such as concentrated in the center of the phosphor layer 66, most of which strikes the phosphor carrier 62 in the center of the phosphor layer 66 and passes through the phosphorescence. Body carrier 62. The thermally conductive nature of the carrier layer 64 causes the heat to spread laterally toward the edge of the phosphor carrier a, as exhibited by the first heat stream 70. Heat is passed through the thermal grease layer at the edges and into the fin structure 52, as shown by the second heat flow 72 in the heat sink structure 52, and heat can be efficiently dissipated into the environment. As discussed above, in the lamp 5, the platform 56 is thermally coupled or consuming with the heat sink structure. This lightweight configuration results in the phosphor carrier 62 and the source being "sprayed" by the ΔP knife with a thermally conductive path for dissipating heat. The heat from the source Μ through the flat opening 56 (as shown by the third heat flow 74) can also be spread to The heat of the fin structure phosphor carrier 62 flowing into the fin structure may also flow into ==. As further described below, in other embodiments, the phosphor source 54 may have a separate thermally conductive path for dissipating heat. These early independence paths in the Eighth Middle School are called "decoupling." It should be understood that the phosphor carrier 154496.doc • 29- 201142199 can be configured in many different ways, in addition to the embodiment shown in FIG. The phosphor layer can be on either surface of the carrier layer or can be mixed in the carrier layer. The phosphor support may also comprise a scattering layer which may be included on the phosphor layer or carrier layer or mixed in the phosphor layer or carrier layer. It should also be understood that the phosphor and scattering layer may not cover the entire surface of the carrier layer, and in some embodiments, the conversion layer and the scattering layer may have different concentrations in different regions. It should also be understood that the phosphor support may have surfaces of different roughness or shape to enhance transmission through the phosphor support. As mentioned above, the diffuser is configured to disperse light from the phosphor carrier and LED into the desired lamp emission pattern and can have many different shapes and sizes. In some embodiments, the diffuser can also be disposed over the phosphor carrier to shield the phosphor carrier when the lamp is not emitting light. The diffuser can have a material to impart a translucent white appearance to impart a white appearance to the bulb when the lamp is not illuminated. At least four properties or characteristics of the diffuser can be used to control the output beam characteristics of the lamp 5 。. The first attribute or characteristic is the diffuser geometry that is independent of the phosphor layer geometry. The second property or property is the diffuser geometry for the phosphor layer geometry. The third property or property is the diffuser scattering properties, including the properties of the scattering layer and the smoothness/roughness of the diffuser surface. The fourth attribute or characteristic is the distribution of the diffuser on the surface (such as the intentional inhomogeneity of the scattering). These attributes allow control of, for example, the ratio of axially emitted light relative to "lateral" emitted light (~90.) and also relative to "high angle" (&gt;~13〇.). These properties can also be applied differently depending on the geometry of the phosphor carrier and the light source and the pattern of light emitted by the phosphor carrier and the light source. 154496.doc 201142199 For a two-dimensional phosphor carrier and/or light source (such as those shown in Figure 4), the emitted light is substantially forward (e.g., Lambertian). The attributes listed above for these embodiments can provide for the dispersion of the forward emission pattern into a broad beam intensity profile. Variations in the second and fourth properties may be particularly useful for achieving a broad beam omnidirectional emission from the forward emission profile. For a three-dimensional phosphor carrier (described in more detail below) and a three-dimensional source, the emitted light is greater than 90 under conditions where the emission is not blocked by other lamp surfaces, such as heat sinks. It can already have a significant emission intensity. As a result, the diffuser properties listed above can be used to provide further adjustment or fine adjustment of the beam profile of the (IV) light body carrier and source such that it more closely matches the desired output beam intensity, color uniformity, color point, and the like. In some embodiments, the beam profile can be adjusted to substantially match the output from a conventional incandescent bulb. As discussed above with respect to the first property of the diffuser geometry independent of the phosphor geometry, self-diffusion in the light system In the embodiments in which the surface of the device is uniformly emitted, it is 90 with respect to the lateral direction. And the amount of light referred to as "forward" (axially or ~〇.) relative to "high angle" (&gt;~130°) may depend extremely on the cross-sectional area of the diffuser when viewed from the other side. Figure 5 shows an embodiment of a narrow diffuser 80 in accordance with the present invention having a small two-dimensional phosphor carrier 81. It is characterized by having a circular area when viewed in the axial direction along the first inspection viewing angle 82 and a larger area when viewed from the side along the second inspection viewing angle 84. Accordingly, the diffuser will have a lower axial light emission relative to the "lateral" emission. If the heat sink or other light blocking feature is present at the base of the diffuser, increasing the height of the diffuser increases the amount of 154496.doc 31 201142199 emitted backwards or at a high angle. Circle 6 shows another embodiment of a diffuser 90 in accordance with the present invention that is particularly suitable for uniform omnidirectional emission, depending on the emission pattern of the coplanar source and or the phosphor carrier. The diffuser 90 has an almost uniform spherical geometry&apos; which provides an almost constant cross-sectional area when viewed from all angles. This promotes uniform or nearly omnidirectional emission intensity. With regard to the second attribute: regarding the diffuser geometry of the phosphor carrier geometry, Figure 7 shows another embodiment of the configured diffuser 100 that is particularly suitable for providing a forward or Lambertian emission pattern. Dimensional phosphor carrier and coplanar LED source. The diffuser 100 is oblong and has a narrow neck 102. Place the light source and / or phosphor carrier on the diffuser! At the base of (10), the light originally directed from the source to the forward angle will be "intercepted" by the scattering properties of the diffuser surface and directed to a higher angle or lateral direction (~90). Three-dimensional light sources and phosphor carriers can also have this effect but may have fewer effects. In some of these three-dimensional embodiments, the diffuser may not require a neck feature, but may be more spherical in shape. Figure 8 is a graph showing an embodiment of a forward or Lambertian emission pattern 112 from a two-dimensional phosphor carrier and a coplanar coffee source. The emission pattern 114 shows the lamp emission pattern after the emission pattern represented by line 112 passes through the diffuser (as shown in Figure 7). The pattern 114 shows a pumping up (~〇.) emission intensity minus a side up (~9〇) emission is significantly higher. This reflects a more uniform emission pattern compared to the forward emission pattern 112. In the third attribute listed above: diffuser scattering properties, different yoke examples of diffusers may comprise vectors made of different materials (such as glass or plastic) 154496.doc -32- 201142199 And one or more scattering films, layers or regions. The scattering layer can be deposited using the methods described above with reference to the deposition of the phosphor layer and can comprise dense packing of particles. The scattering particles may also be included in the binder material which may be the same as the dot material described above with reference to the binder used with the scale layer. The scattering particle layer can have different concentrations of scattering particles depending on the application and the materials used. A suitable range of scattering particle concentration is 〇, 〇1% to 0.2%, but it should be understood that the concentration may be higher or lower. In some embodiments, the concentration can be as low as ο.%. It should also be understood that the scattering particle layer may have different concentrations of scattering particles in different regions. For some scattering particles, there may be an increase in loss due to absorption at a higher concentration. Thus the concentration of the scattering particles can be selected to maintain an acceptable loss figure while dispersing the light to provide the desired emission pattern. The scattering particles may comprise a number of different materials including (but not limited to, Oxidation Dream; Kaolin; Oxidation (ΖηΟ); Cerium Oxide (Υ2〇3); Titanium Dioxide (Ti〇2); Barium Sulfate (BaS04); Alumina (Al2) 〇3); molten cerium oxide (SiO 2 ); smoky cerium oxide (Si 〇 2); aluminum nitride; glass microbeads; 154496.doc -33- 201142199 zirconia (Zr02); lanthanum carbide (SiC) Cerium oxide (Ta05); tantalum nitride (Si3N4); niobium oxide (Nb205); boron nitride (BN); or phosphor particles (for example, YAG:Ce, B〇s:E;) Combining one or more scattering materials of different combinations of phases or phases to achieve a specific scattering effect. The scattering layer may be located on the inner surface, the outer surface of the diffuser, or may be mixed in the carrier. The surface of the carrier of the scattering layer may be optical Smooth or rough. The scattering layer may be composed of a film or particles, such as cerium oxide or kaolin particles adhered to the surface of the carrier, having air between the particles. The scattering layer may also comprise a binder matrix layer (such as cerium oxide, aluminum, etc.). Particles in the film), particles in the sputum. It may be sprayed onto the inner or outer surface of the carrier, or the carrier itself may contain scattering particles. One example of a scattering film that can be molded into the shape of a diffuser is a film available from FusionOptix, Inc. In general, A scattering material or particle may be characterized by the extent to which light incident on the particle is redirected from its original path. In the case of individual particles, larger particles will tend to scatter Mie, resulting in relative direction of light. Less change. Smaller particles tend to Reyleigh scattering, resulting in a large change in the direction of light and a substantially uniform or isotropic distribution of light after interaction with the particles. The film composed of particles can be similar Ways to express. A wide variety of surface features and / or scattering particles can be used, 154496.doc -34- 201142199 effect by absorption (lower and better) and refractive index difference with surrounding matrix / environment (large difference More efficient scattering. The smoothness of the diffuser surface can be attributed to the total internal reflection (TIR) effect to affect the light directed toward the source of the phosphor carrier. Smoothing the inner surface can cause TIR and redirect light that would otherwise be directed toward the source. In contrast, the inner surface of the crevice does not exhibit this effect. Light redirected back toward the source of other internal lamp surfaces can be absorbed , resulting in reduced lamp efficiency. Light scattered back toward the scale layer can result in an increased amount of down-conversion and thus a shift in color temperature or color point of the lamp due to the diffuser. However, a high degree of Scattering can also improve uniformity by creating a "lightbox" effect in which the light system scatters inside the diffuser, resulting in a more even distribution on the diffuser surface and a beam profile of the lamp emission. A more uniform color point and intensity distribution.

When the child stands up, the light will bounce around the significant part of the diffuser body and the scattering layer, which can be enhanced by 154496.doc •35- 201142199 Uniform launch. By forming a relatively transparent region of the scattering film (e.g., by making the scattering film in such regions thinner or smoother), it is possible to increase the relative intensity away from the surface. In the embodiment shown in Figure 7, the amount of light exiting the neck region into the lateral beam direction can be increased by having a thinner or smoother scattering layer in the region. These are only such attributes. They can be combined in different ways to provide some of the ways in which the pattern is to be emitted. This combination can result in many different shapes that can provide many different lamp emission patterns in addition to the omnidirectional pattern. Figures 9 through 12 show some additional diffuser shapes and sizes that can be used with two-dimensional carrier phosphors (and three-dimensional phosphors as described below) in lamps according to the present invention. Figure 9 shows a diffuser 13A of a spherical shape similar to the embodiment shown in Figure 7 and generally having a shorter narrow neck portion. The dimensions of one embodiment of the diffuser 130 are shown in Figure 9 which also shows the dimensions of the diffuser from Figure ι to Figure 12. Figure 10 shows another embodiment of a diffuser 140 having a shorter neck and retaining the majority of its shape. The figure shows a diffuser that does not have a neck region but retains most of its sphere shape. Figure 12 illustrates yet another embodiment of a diffuser 160 in which the diffuser more includes a hemispherical shape. "These shapes provide different patterns and different levels of efficiency to the illuminator, as described below and shown in the drawings. These shapes are the diffuser's filaments, and the outer shape is mushroom-shaped, bullet-shaped, cylindrical, egg-shaped, elliptical, and the like. In other embodiments the diffuser can take the form that it is wider at the base and narrows at least by moving away from a portion of the base. These embodiments may take the shape of a bottom that is wider than the top. '154496.doc • 36 - 201142199 FIGS. 13 to 16 are graphs showing emission characteristics of a lamp having a two-dimensional can carrier according to the present invention, wherein a diffuser 13 is disposed over the phosphor such that it is from phosphorescence The light of the body carrier passes through the diffuser. Figures 13 and 14 show the emission characteristics of a lamp compared to a standard without a diffuser and also compared to a standard General Elect Hc 60W Extra Soft bulb. Figure 15 and Figure "showing the change in emission intensity from a self-test viewing angle of 0 to 180. Figures 17 to 20 are similar to the graphs of Figures 13 to 16 and show a two-dimensional phosphor carrier according to the invention. The emission characteristics of the lamp, wherein the diffuser 140 is disposed on the phosphor carrier. Figures 21 to 24 are also similar to the graphs in Figures 13 to 16 and show another one having a two-dimensional phosphor carrier in accordance with the present invention. The emission characteristics of the lamp, wherein the diffuser 15 is disposed on the phosphor carrier. Similarly, FIGS. 25 to 28 are similar to the graphs of FIGS. 13 to 16 and show a two-dimensional phosphor carrier according to the present invention. Another lamp emission characteristic in which the diffuser 16 is disposed above the phosphor carrier. The lamp according to the present invention may contain many different features in addition to the (4) signs described in the above domain. Referring again to Figure 4, In a lamp embodiment, the cavity 54 can be filled with a transparent thermally conductive material to further enhance the heat dissipation of the lamp. The cavity conductive material can provide a secondary path for dissipating heat from the source 58. Heat from the source Will still be conducted via platform 56, but also Passing through the cavity material to the fin structure 52. This situation will allow the source to resemble a lower operating temperature, but poses an increased operating temperature for the phosphor carrier 62. This configuration can be used to implement the implementation, but is particularly applicable. For lamps with higher light source operation = degree (compared to the operating temperature of the phosphor carrier). This configuration allows for more efficient 154496.doc •37- 201142199 self-light source in applications with additional heating of the photobody (four) layer Dispersion heat ^ As discussed above, different lamp embodiments in accordance with the present invention may be configured with many different types of light sources. Figure 29 shows another embodiment of lamp 210, which is similar to that described above and in Figure 4 The lamp is shown. The lamp 21A includes a heat sink structure 212 having a cavity 214, and the cavity 214 is configured with a platform 216 for holding the light source 218. The disk carrier 220 can be included over the opening of the cavity 214 and at least Partially covering the sinusoidal opening. In this embodiment, the light source 218 may comprise a plurality of LEDs. The plurality of LEDs are disposed in a separate LED package or in an array in a single multi-LED package. For inclusion of a separate LED package Each of these LEDs may include its own primary optics or lens 222. In embodiments with a single multi-LED package, a single primary optic or lens 224 may cover all LEDs and should also be understood The LEDs and LED arrays can have secondary optics or can be combined with primary optics and secondary optics. It should be understood that lensless LEDs can be provided, and in array embodiments, each of the LEDs There may be its own lens. A similar lamp 50' heat sink structure and platform may be configured with the necessary electrical traces or wires to provide an electrical signal to the light source 218. In each embodiment, the illuminators may be connected in series and in parallel. Configure the consumption. In one embodiment, eight LEDs can be used. The eight LEDs are connected in series to the circuit board by two wires. The wires can then be connected to the power supply unit described above. In other embodiments, more than eight or fewer LEDs may be used, and as mentioned above, may be purchased from Cree, Inc.

LEDs, including eight XLamp® XP-E LEDs or four xLamp® xp_G LEDs » different single-string LED circuits are described in the following U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 154496.doc-38-201142199: van deVen et al. 〇l〇r Control of Single String Light Emitting Devices Having Single String Color Control, US Patent Application No. 12/566 195, and van de Ven, entitled "Solid State Lighting Apparatus with Compensation Bypass Circuits and Methods of Operation U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 12/7, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. In the lamps 50 and 210 described above, the light source shares a thermal path (referred to as thermal coupling) for dissipating heat with the phosphor carrier. In some embodiments, if the thermal path for the phosphor carrier and the source is not thermally coupled (referred to as thermal decoupling), the heat dissipation of the phosphor carrier can be enhanced. Figure 30 shows a further embodiment of a lamp 3 according to the present invention comprising an optical cavity 302 within a heat sink structure 305. Similar to the above embodiments, a lampless cavity lamp 300 can also be provided, wherein the LEDs are mounted on the surface of the heat sink or mounted on a three dimensional structure or pedestal structure having a different shape. A planar LED based light source 304 is mounted to the platform 306 and a phosphor carrier 308 is mounted to the top opening of the cavity 302, wherein the phosphor carrier 308 has any of the features described above. In the illustrated embodiment, the phosphor carrier 3〇8 may be in the shape of a flat disk and comprise a thermally conductive transparent material and a phosphor layer. Phosphor carrier 308 can be mounted to the cavity together with a thermally conductive material or device as described above. Cavity 302 can have a reflective surface to enhance emission efficiency, as described above. Light from source 304 passes through phosphor carrier 308 where it is partially converted by the phosphor in phosphor carrier 308 into light of different wavelengths. In an embodiment, 'light source 304 can comprise a blue light emitting LED, and phosphor carrier 308 can comprise a yellow phosphor as described above that absorbs a portion of the blue light and re-emits the yellow light beta lamp 300 to emit the LED The light is combined with the white light of the yellow phosphor light. Like the above, light source 304 can also include a plurality of different LEDs that emit light of different colors, and the fill carrier can include other fills to produce light having a desired color temperature and color rendering. Lamp 300 also includes a shaped diffuser dome 310&apos; mounted on cavity 302. The diffuser dome 310 includes diffusing or scattering particles such as those diffusing or scattering particles listed above. The scattering particles can be provided in a curable adhesive which is formed in a generally dome shape. In the illustrated embodiment, the dome 310 is mounted to the heat sink structure 3〇5 and has an enlarged portion at the end opposite the heat sink structure 305. Different binder materials such as polyfluorene oxide, epoxy, glass, inorganic glass, dielectric, BCB, polyamine, polymers, and mixtures thereof, as discussed above, can be used. In some embodiments, the white scattering particles can be used with a white dome that hides the color of the scales in the optically-liminal body (10). This gives the entire lamp a white appearance that is comparable to the color of the disc. The white appearance is generally more visually acceptable to the consumer or more appealing to the consumer. In an embodiment, the diffuser may comprise white oxidized particles. The white titanium dioxide particles may be imparted to the diffuser dome 31. The overall white outer diffuser dome 310 may provide the following added advantages: The light follows a more uniform pattern distributed. As discussed above, the light from the optical cavity 'from the optical cavity I54496.doc 201142199 can be emitted in a substantially Lambertian pattern, and the shape of the dome 3 i 以及 and the scattering properties of the scattering particles cause the light to be more omnidirectional. The emission pattern is emitted from the dome. The I-designed dome can have different concentrations of scattering particles in different zones or can be shaped into a specific emission pattern. In some embodiments, the dome can be engineered such that the emission pattern from the lamp follows the omnidirectional distribution criteria defined by the Energy Source (DOE) Energy Star. The requirement for this standard met by lamp 3 (8) is that the emission uniformity must be zero. To 135. Within 20% of the average value under review; and >5% of the total flux from the lamp must be at 丨35. The emission is transmitted to the 18 〇° emission area, where the measurement system is at zero. 45. 90. Performed under azimuth. As mentioned above, the different lamp embodiments described herein may also include Type A trim LED bulbs that meet the DOE Energy Star standard. The present invention provides an efficient, reliable, and cost effective lamp. In some embodiments, the entire lamp can include five components that can be assembled quickly and easily. A lamp 300 similar to the above embodiment may comprise a mounting mechanism of the type installed in a conventional electrical socket. In the illustrated embodiment, the lamp 3A includes a threaded portion 312 for mounting to a standard threaded seat. Like the above embodiments, the lamp 300 can include a standard plug and the electrical socket can be a standard socket, or the electrical socket can include a GU24 base unit, or the lamp 300 can be a clip and the electrical socket can be a socket that receives and holds the clip ( For example, as used in many fluorescent lights). As mentioned above, the space between some of the features of the lamp 300 can be used as a mixing chamber&apos; where the space between the source 306 and the phosphor carrier 308 comprises a first light mixing chamber. The space between the phosphor carrier 308 and the diffuser 3 1〇 can include a second light mixing chamber that promotes uniform color and intensity emission of the lamp. The same applies to the following embodiments of a ray carrier and diffuser having different shapes of 154496.doc - 41 · 201142199. In other embodiments, additional diffusers and/or phosphors may be formed to form additional mixing chambers. The bulk carrier, and the diffuser and/or phosphor carrier can be configured in a different order. Different lamp embodiments in accordance with the present invention can have many different shapes and sizes. 31 shows another embodiment of a lamp 32A in accordance with the present invention, similar to lamp 300, and similarly includes an optical cavity 322 in heat sink structure 325, wherein light source 324 is mounted to platform 326 in optical cavity 322. Like the above, the heat sink structure does not need to have a cavity, and the light source can be provided on other structures than the heat sink structure. Such structures may include a planar surface or pedestal having a light source. Phosphor carrier 328 is mounted over the cavity opening by a thermal connector. Lamp 320 also includes a diffuser dome 330 mounted to the heat sink structure 325 above the optical cavity. The diffuser dome can be made of the same material as the diffuser dome 310 described above and illustrated in the figures. In this embodiment, however, dome 310 is shaped as an ellipse or egg to provide a different lamp emission pattern while still masking the color of the phosphor from phosphor carrier 328. Also note that the heat sink structure 325 and the platform 326 are thermally decoupled. That is, there is a space between the platform 326 and the heat sink structure such that it does not share a thermal path for dissipating heat. As mentioned above, this provides improved heat dissipation from the phosphor carrier as compared to lamps that do not have a thermally routed solution. Lamp 300 also includes a threaded portion 332 for mounting to a threaded seat. Figures 32 through 34 show another embodiment of a lamp 34A in accordance with the present invention, similar to lamp 320 shown in Figure 31. Lamp 340 includes a heat sink structure 345 having an optical cavity 342 (where optical cavity 342 has light source 344 on platform 346) and a light body carrier 348 over the optical cavity. The lamp further includes 154496.doc • 42- 201142199 with a threaded portion 352. Lamp 340 also includes a diffuser dome 35A, but in this embodiment, the diffuser dome is planarized at the top to provide the desired pattern&apos; while still obscuring the color of the phosphor. Lamp 340 also includes an interface layer 354 between light source 344 and the heat sink structure from light source 344. In some embodiments, the interface layer can comprise a thermally insulating material, and light source 344 can have a thermal self-illuminator dissipation to The features of the edges of the substrate of the light source may promote heat dissipation to the outer edges of the fin structure 345 where heat may be dissipated via the fins. In other embodiments, the interface layer 354 can be electrically insulating to electrically isolate the heat sink structure 345 from the light source 344. Electrical connection to the top surface of the source can then be made. In the above embodiments, the phosphor carrier is two-dimensional (or flat/planar), and the LEDs in the source are coplanar. However, it should be understood that in other lamp embodiments, the optical carrier can take many different shapes, including different three-dimensional shapes. The term "three-dimensional" is intended to mean any shape other than the plane as shown in the above embodiments. 35 to 38 show different embodiments of a three-dimensional phosphor carrier according to the present invention, but it should be understood that the phosphor carriers may also be in other shapes as described above. (4) Light body absorbing and re-emitting light The money is emitted in an isotropic manner such that the three-dimensional scale carrier is used to convert light from the source and also to disperse light from the source. Similar to the diffuser described above, the +-shaped three-dimensional carrier layer may have an emission pattern of a non-characteristic to emit light. This portion depends on the emission pattern of the light source. The emitter of the phosphor carrier can then be matched to provide a lamp emission pattern. 154496.doc -43· 201142199 FIG. 35 shows a hemispherical shaped filler carrier 354 comprising a hemispherical carrier 355 and a light blocking layer 356. The hemispherical carrier 355 can be made of the same material as the carrier layer described above and the phosphor layer can be made of the same material as the phosphor layer described above, and the scattering particles can be included in the carrier as described above and In the phosphor layer. In this embodiment, phosphor layer 356 is shown on the outer surface of carrier 355, but it should be understood that the phosphor layer can be located on the inner layer of the carrier, mixed with the carrier' or any combination of the three above. In some embodiments, having a scale layer on the outer surface minimizes emission losses. When the illuminator light is absorbed by the bowl light layer 356, the light system emits omnidirectionally, and some of the light can be emitted backwards and absorbed by a lamp element such as an LED. The phosphor layer 356 can also have a different refractive index than the hemispherical carrier 355, such that Light emitted from the male light layer forward can be reflected back from the inner surface of the carrier 355. This light can also be lost due to absorption by the lamp elements. In the case where the phosphor layer 356 is located on the outer surface of the carrier 355, the light emitted forward does not need to pass through the carrier 355 and will not be lost due to reflection. The light that is emitted backwards will hit the top of the carrier where at least some of the light will be reflected back. This configuration results in a reduction in light emitted from the phosphor layer 356 back into the carrier where light can be absorbed. Phosphor layer 356 can be deposited using many of the same methods described above. In some instances, the three-dimensional shape of the carrier 355 may require additional steps or other processes to provide the necessary coverage. In embodiments in which the solvent-phosphor-binder mixture is sprayed, the support can be heated as described above, and multiple nozzles may be required to provide the desired coverage (e.g., 'approximately uniform coverage') over the support. In other embodiments, a smaller spray 154496.doc • 44- 201142199 mouth can be used while rotating the carrier to provide the desired coverage. Similar to the above, the heat from the carrier 355 can evaporate the solvent and help cure the binder. In still other embodiments, the phosphor layer can be formed via an ink immersion process whereby a fill layer can be formed on the inner or outer surface of the carrier 355, but is particularly suitable for forming on the inner surface. The carrier 355 can be at least partially filled with a phosphor mixture adhered to the surface of the carrier or otherwise contact the carrier 355 with the phosphor mixture. The delta mixture can then be discharged from the support to leave a layer of the disc mixture on the surface which can then be cured. In one embodiment, the mixture may comprise polyethylene oxide (ruthenium) and a fill. The carrier can be filled and then evacuated to leave a layer of ruthenium-phosphor mixture which can then be thermally cured. ΡΕ0 evaporates or is dissipated by heat, leaving a phosphor layer. In some embodiments, a binder may be applied to further fix the phosphor layer&apos; while in other embodiments the phosphor may remain without an adhesive. Similar to the process for coating a planar carrier layer, such processes can be used in a three-dimensional carrier to coat a plurality of scale layers that can have the same or different phosphor materials. The phosphor layer can also be applied to both the interior and exterior of the carrier and can be of different types having different thicknesses in different regions of the carrier. In still other embodiments, different processes can be used, such as coating a carrier with a sheet of glazing material that can be thermally formed to the carrier. In a lamp utilizing the carrier 355, the illuminator can be disposed at the base of the carrier such that light from the illuminator is emitted upwardly and through the carrier 355. In some embodiments, the illuminator can illuminate in a substantially Lambertian pattern, and the carrier 154496.doc -45· 201142199 can help disperse the light in a more uniform pattern. FIG. 36 shows a three-dimensional light-breaking carrier 357 not in accordance with the present invention. Another embodiment of the three-dimensional carbon carrier 357 comprises a bullet-shaped carrier and a phosphor layer 359 on the outer surface of the carrier. Carrier 358 and phosphor layer 359 can be formed from the same materials as described above using the same methods as described above. A non-tetrazed phosphor carrier can be used with different illuminators to provide the desired overall lamp emission pattern. Figure 37 shows a further embodiment of a three-dimensional carbon support 36G according to the present invention. The three-dimensional bowl carrier finely comprises a sphere-shaped carrier 361 and a buffing layer 362 on the outer surface of the carrier. The carrier 361 and the bowl light layer 362 can be formed of the same material as described above using the same method as described above. Figure 38 shows a phosphor carrier according to yet another embodiment of the present invention. The phosphor carrier 363 has a substantially spherical shape carrier 364 and a narrow neck portion 365. Similar to the above embodiment, the phosphor carrier 363 includes a phosphor layer 366 on the outer surface of the carrier, the phosphor layer 366 being made of the same material as described above and using the method described above. The same method is formed. In some embodiments, a phosphor carrier having a shape similar to carrier 364 may be more efficient at converting illuminator light and re-emitting the Lambertian light from the source into a more uniform emission pattern. Embodiments having a two-dimensional structure of holding LEDs, such as a pedestal, can provide a more dispersed light pattern from a two-dimensional phosphor carrier. In such embodiments, the LEDs can be at different angles within the phosphor carrier such that the LEDs provide a light emission pattern that is less similar to the Lambertian pattern than a planar LED source. This can then be further dispersed by a three-dimensional phosphor carrier, wherein the 154496.doc -46 - 201142199 diffuser fine-tunes the emission pattern of the lamp. 39-41 show another embodiment of a lamp 370 in accordance with the present invention having a heat sink structure 372, an optical cavity 374, a light source 376, a diffuser dome 378, and a threaded portion 38. This embodiment also includes The three-dimensional phosphor carrier 382' three-dimensional phosphor carrier 382 comprises a thermally conductive transparent material and a phosphor layer. The three-dimensional phosphor carrier 382 is also mounted to the heat sink structure 372 by a thermal connector. However, in this embodiment, the phosphor carrier 382 is hemispherical and the illuminator is configured such that light from the source passes through the phosphor carrier 382 in which at least some of the light is converted. The three-dimensional shape of the phosphor carrier 382 provides a natural separation between the phosphor carrier 382 and the light source 376. Therefore, the light source 376 is not mounted in the recess formed in the heat sink of the optical cavity. In other words, the light source 376 is mounted on the top surface of the heat sink structure 372, wherein the optical cavity 374 is formed by the space between the phosphor carrier 382 and the top of the heat sink structure 372. This configuration may allow for less Lambertian emission from the optical cavity 374 because there is no side of the optical cavity that blocks or redirects the lateral emission. In an embodiment utilizing a light-emitting LED 370 for a light source 376 and a yellow phosphor, the phosphor carrier 382 can be yellow and the diffuser dome 378 shields the color while dispersing the light into the desired emission pattern. In the lamp 3 70, the conduction path for the platform is in contact with the conduction path for the heat sink structure, but it should be understood that, in other implementations, the conduction path for the platform and the conduction path for the heat sink structure may be Depletion. Figure 42 shows an embodiment of a lamp 39A in accordance with the present invention comprising eight LED light sources 392 mounted on a heat sink 394 as described above. The illuminators 154496.doc • 47· 201142199 can be coupled together in many different ways and are connected in series in the illustrated embodiment. Note that in this embodiment, the illuminator is not mounted in the optical cavity, but is mounted on the top planar surface of the heat sink 394. Figure 43 shows the lamp 39〇 shown in Figure 42, in which a dome shaped phosphor carrier 396 is mounted over the light source 392. The lamp 390 shown in Figure 43 can be combined with the diffuser 398 as shown in Figures 44 and 45 to form a light dispersion of the lamp. 46 to 49 are graphs showing emission characteristics of a lamp 390 having a dome-shaped three-dimensional phosphor carrier according to the present invention, wherein a diffuser 398 is disposed over the phosphor such that light from the phosphor carrier passes through the diffuser. . Figures 46 and 47 show the comparison with the lamp without the diffuser and also with the standard General

The emission characteristics of the lamp compared to the Electric 60W Extra Soft bulb. Figures 48 and 49 show the self-view viewing angle 0. To 18 baht. The change in emission intensity. 50 to 53 are similar to the graphs of Figs. 46 to 49 and show the emission characteristics of a lamp having a dome-shaped three-dimensional phosphor carrier according to the present invention, wherein the diffuser 140 as shown in Fig. 10 is disposed at Above the phosphor carrier. 54 to 57 are also similar to the graphs of Figs. 46 to 49 and show the emission characteristics of another lamp having a dome-shaped three-dimensional phosphor carrier according to the present invention, wherein the diffuser as shown in Fig. 11 150 is disposed on the phosphor carrier. Similarly, FIGS. 58-61 are similar to the graphs of FIGS. 46-49, and show the emission characteristics of another lamp having a dome-shaped three-dimensional phosphor carrier according to the present invention, wherein as shown in FIG. The diffuser M0 is disposed above the phosphor carrier. Figure 62 primarily includes a cie diagram showing the color variations across the viewing angles of the different lamp embodiments described above and illustrated in Figures 42-61. Figure 63 154496.doc • 48- 201142199 Another embodiment of a non-diffuser 400 that can be used in embodiments that experience the absence of leakage of phosphor carrier light (such as via the edges of the heat sink). The base 420 of the diffuser 400 can diffuse light through the edges. Figures 64-66 show yet another embodiment of a lamp 41 according to the present invention. The lamp 410 contains many of the same features as the lamp 37A shown in Figures 39 through 41 above. However, in this embodiment, the phosphor carrier 4丨2 is bullet-shaped and functions in much the same manner as other embodiments of the phosphor carrier described above. It should be understood that these shapes are only two of the different shapes that the phosphor carrier can employ in various embodiments of the present invention. Figure 67 shows another embodiment of a lamp 42A in accordance with the present invention. The lamp 42A also includes a heat sink 422 having an optical cavity 424 having a light source 426 and a phosphor carrier 428. Lamp 420 also includes a diffuser dome 43 and a threaded portion 432. However, in this embodiment, the optical cavity 424 can include a separate collar structure 434' as shown in Figure 68. The collar structure 434 can be removed from the heat sink 422. This situation provides a single piece that can be coated with a reflective material more easily than the entire heat sink. The collar structure 434 can be threaded to mate with threads in the fin structure 422. The collar structure 434 provides the advantage of adding the pCB down to the heat sink mechanically. In other embodiments, the collar structure 434 can include a mechanical snap-on device rather than a thread for easier manufacture. As mentioned above, the shape and geometry of the triplet carrier can assist in transforming the emission pattern of the illuminator into another more desirable emission pattern. In an embodiment, the shape and geometry of the three-material carrier can assist in changing the Lambertian emission pattern to a more uniform emission pattern at different angles. The 154496.doc •49· 201142199 diffuser can then further transform the light from the phosphor carrier into the final desired emission pattern while obscuring the yellow appearance of the phosphor when the light is extinguished. Other factors may also contribute to the ability of the illuminator, phosphor carrier, and disperser to produce the desired pattern to be emitted. Figure 69 shows an embodiment of an illuminator footprint 440, a phosphor carrier footprint 442, and a diffuser footprint 444 in accordance with an embodiment of the lamp of the present invention. Phosphor carrier footprint 442 and diffuser footprint 444 show illuminators The edges below these features around 440. In addition to the actual shape of these features, the distances D1 and D2 between the edges of such features can also affect the ability of the phosphor carrier and disperser to provide the desired pattern to be emitted. The shape of the features and the distance between the edges can be optimized based on the emission pattern of the illuminator to obtain the desired lamp emission pattern. It should be understood that in other embodiments, different features of the removable lamp, such as the entire optical cavity p such that the collar structure 4 can be removed, may allow for easier coating of the optical cavity with a reflective layer. And may also allow removal and replacement of the optical cavity in the event of a malfunction of the optical cavity. A lamp according to the present invention may have a light source comprising a plurality of different numbers of LEDs, some embodiments having less than 30 LEDs and in other embodiments There are less than 20 LEDs in. Other embodiments may have less than 1 LED LEDs, where fewer LED dies, the cost and complexity of the lamp source is generally lower. In some embodiments, covered by multiple wafer sources The area may be small = 30 mm2, and in other embodiments 'this area may be less than 2 〇 mm2. In still other embodiments, the area may be less than ι〇_2. Some embodiments of the lamp according to the present invention also provide greater than 4 稳态 lumen steady state light output, and in other embodiments, provides a steady state light output greater than 6 turbulence 154496.doc -50 · 201142199 months. In still other embodiments, A steady state light output greater than the lumen can be provided. Some lamp embodiments can provide this light output by the thermal management features of the lamp, which allow the lamp to remain relatively cold when touched. In an embodiment, The touch temperature of the lamp remains less than 60 C, and in other embodiments, the touch temperature of the lamp remains less than 5 。. In still other embodiments, the touch temperature of the lamp remains less than 4 〇 t &gt; c. The lamp according to the present invention Some embodiments may also operate with efficiencies greater than 4 〇 lumens per watt, and in other embodiments 'can operate at greater than 5 〇 lumens per watt. In still other embodiments, the lamps can operate greater than 55 lumens per watt. Some embodiments of the lamp according to the present invention can produce light having a color rendering index (CRI) greater than 7 ,, and in other embodiments, produce light having a CRI greater than 80. In still other embodiments, the lamp can CRI operation greater than 90. One embodiment of the lamp according to the present invention may have phosphors that provide lamp emission with greater than 80 illusions and large at @3000 K correlated color temperature (CCT) 320 lumens/optical watt lumen equivalent radiation (LER). The lamp according to the invention may also be illuminated according to the distribution within 40% of the mean value of the observation angle 且 and in other embodiments The distribution may be within 3 〇〇/0 of the average of the same inspection angles. Other embodiments may have a distribution of 20% of the average value for the same inspection angle (in accordance with the Energy Star specification). For example, light of greater than 5% of the total flux can be emitted at a viewing angle of 135 to 180. It should be understood that the lamp or bulb according to the present invention can be configured in many different ways than the above embodiments. Reference is made to the remote phosphor 154496.doc • 51 201142199, but it should be understood that alternative embodiments may include at least some of the LEDs having a conformal phosphor layer. This situation is particularly applicable to lamps having light sources that emit light of different colors from different types of illuminators. These embodiments may additionally have some or all of the features described above. Figures 70 through 85 show additional lamp or bulb embodiments configured in accordance with the present invention. Figure 70 shows an embodiment of a lamp 450 comprising a planar sub-substrate or a heat sink 452&apos; on the top surface of the heat sink 45 2 having an array of coplanar LEDs 45 4 . A two-dimensional or non-planar scale carrier 456 is mounted to the heat sink 452 above the LED 454 with a space between the LED 454 and the phosphor carrier 456. A diffuser 458 is included over the phosphor carrier 456 with a space therebetween. The lamp 450 and the elements of the embodiments described below in Figures 71-85 may have the same properties as the corresponding elements of the lamp described in the above embodiments and may be fabricated in the same manner as the corresponding elements. In this embodiment, the phosphor carrier 456 and the diffuser 458 are substantially spherical, with the diffuser 45 8 shielding the phosphor carrier 456. 71 is another embodiment of a lamp 46 having a submount or heat sink 462 in which a coplanar LED 464 is mounted to a heat sink 462 and a phosphor carrier 466 is mounted over the LED 464 and spaced from the LED 464, in accordance with the present invention. open. A diffuser 468 is mounted over the phosphor carrier 466 and spaced apart from the phosphor carrier 466, wherein the two are again substantially spherical. In this embodiment, the heat sink 462 has a large depth and may have a cubic shape in one embodiment. A diffuser 468 is mounted to the side of the heat sink 462 and a phosphor carrier 466 is mounted to the top surface of the heat sink 462. Figure 72 shows another embodiment of a lamp 470 having a heat sink 472 similar to the 154496.doc • 52· 201142199 heat sink, coplanar LED, and diffuser shown in lamp 460 of Figure 71, in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention. Coplanar LED 474 and diffuser 478. Phosphor carrier 476 mounted to the side of heat sink 472 is also included. Figure 73 shows another embodiment of a lamp 480 in accordance with the present invention. Lamp 480 is similar to lamp 450 of Figure 71 and includes a submount or heat sink 482 having a phosphor carrier 486 and a diffuser 488. Lamp 480 also includes LEDs 484 which, in this embodiment, are mounted on a base 489 having an angled surface such that LEDs 484 are not coplanar and can illuminate in different directions. Figure 74 shows another embodiment of a lamp 490 in accordance with the present invention having a cube-shaped sub-substrate or fin 492, a phosphor carrier 496, and a diffuser 498. LED 494 is also included, but in this embodiment, the LEDs 494 cause the LEDs 494 to illuminate in different directions on the sides of the heat sink 492. It should be understood that the LED 494 can also be on other surfaces of the heat sink 492, and the phosphor 496 and diffuser 498 can be spherical or many other shapes (such as a tubular shape). Figures 75-77 show different embodiments of a lamp that can be configured as a floodlight. Figure 75 shows an embodiment of a lamp 500 having a coplanar LED 502 mounted at the base of a housing 504 having a side 505 that is opaque and reflective. Phosphor carrier 506 is mounted within housing 504 over LED 502 and spaced apart from LED 502. A diffuser 508 is mounted to the outer casing over the phosphor carrier 506 and spaced apart from the phosphor carrier 506. Figure 76 shows another embodiment of a lamp 510 in accordance with the present invention. Lamp 510 is similar to lamp 500, but in this embodiment, LED 5 12 is mounted to base 514 such that it is not coplanar. Figure 77 shows another embodiment of a lamp 520 in accordance with the present invention. Lamp 520 is similar to lamp 510 but has a spherical phosphor 154496.doc 53- 201142199 carrier 522 mounted over LED 524. Different embodiments may have many different configurations and shapes, and Figure 78 shows another embodiment of a lamp 530 that includes a two-dimensional light panel. The LED 532 is mounted within a housing 534 having an opaque/reflective side 535. Phosphor converter 536 and diffuser 538 are mounted to housing 534 above LED 532 and spaced from LED 532. Figure 79 shows another embodiment of a lamp 540 comprising a two-dimensional double-sided light panel/box. In this embodiment, LEDs 542 can be mounted on opposite sides of the box to illuminate toward each other. The phosphor carrier 544 can extend along the length of the box on the edge of the LED 542, and the diffuser 546 extends to the outside along the length of the box to be spaced apart from the phosphor carrier 544. Figure 80 shows a further embodiment of a lamp 550 according to the present invention, the lamp 550 being similar to the lamp 540 but in this embodiment a two-dimensional single-sided light-emitting panel/box having a back reflector 552. Figure 81 shows the invention in accordance with the present invention. In another embodiment of the light 560, the light 560 is similar to the light 540 shown in FIG. However, in this embodiment, the phosphor carrier 562 and diffuser 564 are tubular and may include a waveguide or air between the LEDs 566 at least partially along the length of the phosphor carrier. Figure 82 shows another embodiment of a lamp 570 in accordance with the present invention. Lamp 570 is similar to lamp 560 but has a tubular phosphor carrier 572 and diffuser 574. The lamp 570 in this embodiment further includes a graded extraction element waveguide 576 extending at least partially along the length of the phosphor carrier 572 between the LEDs 578. Figure 83 shows another embodiment of a lamp 580 in accordance with the present invention. Lamp 580 is also similar to lamp 560, but in this embodiment one portion of the tubular diffuser can include reflector 582. Figure 84 shows yet another embodiment of a lamp 590 in accordance with the present invention comprising a two dimensional uniform light emitting panel. An array of coplanar LEDs 592 is mounted on the edge of the cavity or 154496.doc •54· 201142199 substrate 594. Phosphor carrier 596 is mounted over LED 592 and spaced apart from LED 592, and multi-diffuser layer 598 is mounted over the phosphor carrier and spaced apart from the phosphor carrier. The bottom surface of the substrate 594 can include a reflective surface by which a panel light source emits at least some light in a direction perpendicular to the substrate 594. Figure 85 shows yet another embodiment of a lamp 600 that can be configured similar to the floodlights of the embodiment of Figures 75-77. Lamp 600 includes a housing 602 having an opaque or reflective side, with LED 604 mounted to the base of housing 602. Diffuser 606 is also mounted to housing 602 and spaced apart from LED 604. Three dimensional waveguide 608 is included in housing 602 between LED 604 and the diffuser, with LED 604 emitting light into waveguide 608. At least some of the surface of the waveguide 608 is covered by a phosphor or phosphor carrier 610, wherein the LED light passing through the waveguide interacts with the phosphor 608 and is converted. As mentioned above, the diffuser according to the present invention can have different zones that scatter and transmit different amounts of light from the lamp source to obtain the desired lamp emission pattern. Referring again to the shape of the diffuser shown in Figures 7 and 9, different regions of the diffuser can have zones of different scattering and transmission properties to achieve omnidirectional emission. 86 shows an embodiment of a lamp 620 in accordance with the present invention. The lamp 620 includes a diffuser 621, wherein the lower portion 622 at the base of the diffuser can have different scattering (reflecting) and transmissive properties than the upper portion 624. In this embodiment, the lower portion 622 reflects about 20% of the light passing therethrough and transmits about 80%. Upper portion 624 reflects 80% of the light passing therethrough and transmits about 20%. Figure 87 is a graph 640 showing improved lamp emission characteristics by means of a diffuser 621 and a coplanar source 154496.doc -55 - 201142199 and a planar or -dimensional disc carrier. The light is realized. The transmission of the neck-shaped geometry increases the amount of light relative to the lateral guidance (~q.) of the axially emitted light (~q.). Figure 88 shows another embodiment of a lamp 65A not according to the present invention having a diffuser 652 shaped similar to the diffuser 90 shown in Figure 6. The lower portion 654 at the base of the diffuser can have different scattering (reflecting) and transmissive properties than the upper portion 656. In this embodiment, the lower portion 654 reflects about 20°/ of the light passing through the two. And the transmission is about 8〇%. Upper portion 656 reflects 80/〇 of the light passing therethrough and transmits about 2%. Figure 89 is a graph showing improved emission characteristics. Improved emission characteristics can be achieved by a lamp comprising a diffuser 652 and a coplanar source and a planar or two dimensional phosphor carrier. By increasing the amount of light transmitted through the lower portion of the diffuser 652, it is possible to achieve an intensity distribution of almost incandescent lamps when combining planar (Lambertian) light with an almost spherical diffuser. This distribution can also be produced by modifying the thickness, scattering particle density, particle size or properties, etc., such that the thickness of the scattering layer deposited on the lower portion 654 is less than the thickness of the scattering layer deposited on the upper portion 656. Although the invention has been described in detail with reference to a particular preferred embodiment of the invention, other forms are possible. Therefore, the spirit and scope of the present invention should not be limited to the types described above. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 shows a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a prior art LED lamp; Figure 2 shows a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a prior art LED lamp; Figure 3 shows the size specification of the A19 replacement lamp; 154496.doc 56- 201142199 Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a lamp in accordance with the present invention; Figure 5 is a side elevational view of one embodiment of a lamp in accordance with the present invention; Figure 6 is a further embodiment of a lamp in accordance with the present invention Figure 7 is a side elevational view of another embodiment of a lamp in accordance with the present invention; Figure 8 is a graph showing emission characteristics of an embodiment of a lamp in accordance with the present invention; Figure 9 is a view of a diffuser in accordance with the present invention. Figure 10 is a side elevational view of another diffuser in accordance with the present invention; Figure 11 is a side elevational view of another embodiment of a diffuser in accordance with the present invention; Figure 12 is a side elevational view of yet another diffuser in accordance with the present invention. 13 to 16 are graphs showing emission characteristics of a lamp having the diffuser shown in FIG. 9 and the flat distal phosphor disk schematically shown in FIG. 30; FIGS. 17 to 20 are diagrams showing The diffuser shown in 1〇 and Figure 3 A graph showing the emission characteristics of a lamp of a flat distal phosphor disk, schematically shown; FIG. 21 to FIG. 24 are diagrams showing a flat distal phosphor having the diffuser shown in FIG. 11 and schematically shown in FIG. The curve of the emission characteristics of the lamp of the disk TS3 ♦ circle, and FIGS. 25 to 28 show the emission characteristics of the lamp having the diffuser shown in FIG. 12 and the flat distal phosphor disk schematically shown in FIG. Figure 29 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a lamp according to the present invention having a diffuser dome; 154496.doc -57· 201142199 Figure 30 is another embodiment of a lamp in accordance with the present invention Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a lamp according to the present invention having a diffuser dome; Figure 32 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a lamp in accordance with the present invention, The lamp has a diffuser dome of a different shape; Figure 33 is a cross-sectional view of the lamp shown in Figure 32; Figure 34 is an exploded view of the lamp shown in Figure 32; Figure 35 is a three-dimensional phosphor carrier in accordance with the present invention; Section ISI · circle of one embodiment, Figure 36 is a diagram according to the invention A cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a three-dimensional phosphor carrier; FIG. 37 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a three-dimensional phosphor carrier in accordance with the present invention; and FIG. 38 is another embodiment of a three-dimensional photobody carrier in accordance with the present invention. Figure 39 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a lamp according to the present invention. The lamp has a three-dimensional phosphor carrier; Figure 40 is a cross-sectional view of the lamp shown in Figure 39; Figure 41 is Figure 39. Figure 42 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a lamp according to the present invention. The lamp includes a heat sink and a light source. Figure 43 is a lamp of Figure 42 having a dome shaped phosphor carrier. Figure 44 is a side elevational view of a dome embodiment of a dome shaped diffuser in accordance with the present invention; 154496.doc -58· 201142199 Figure 45 is an embodiment of a dome shaped diffuser shown in Figure 44 having dimensions FIG. 46 to FIG. 49 are graphs showing emission characteristics of a lamp having the spherical phosphor carrier of FIG. 43 and the dome-shaped diffuser shown in FIGS. 44 and 45; FIGS. 50 to 53 To demonstrate the diffuser shown in Figure 1 and in Figure 43 A graph showing the emission characteristics of a lamp of a light sphere; FIGS. 54-57 are graphs showing emission characteristics of a lamp having the diffuser shown in FIG. 7 and the phosphor sphere shown in FIG. 43; 58 to 61 are graphs showing emission characteristics of a lamp having the diffuser shown in Fig. 12 and the phosphor sphere shown in Fig. 43; Fig. 62 is a view showing the color of the cross-view angle of the lamp according to the present invention. CIE chromaticity diagram of distribution characteristics; Fig. 63 is a cross-sectional view showing still another embodiment of the diffuser according to the present invention; Fig. 64 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the lamp according to the present invention, the lamp having a three-dimensional phosphor carrier Figure 65 is a cross-sectional view of the lamp shown in Figure 64; Figure 66 is an exploded view of the lamp shown in Figure 64; Figure 67 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the lamp in accordance with the present invention; A cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a collar cavity of the present invention; FIG. 69 is a schematic view showing the occupied area of different features of an embodiment of the lamp according to the present invention; and FIG. 70 is another embodiment of the lamp according to the present invention. Figure cross-sectional view; Figure 71 is a view of the present invention A cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a lamp; 154496.doc -59- 201142199 Figure 72 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a lamp in accordance with the present invention; Figure 73 is a cross-sectional view of yet another embodiment of a lamp in accordance with the present invention Figure 74 is a plan view of another embodiment of a lamp in accordance with the present invention; Figure 75 is a cross-sectional view of a floodlight type embodiment of a lamp in accordance with the present invention; Figure 76 is another embodiment of a floodlight lamp in accordance with the present invention; Figure 77 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a floodlight lamp in accordance with the present invention; Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of a two-dimensional panel embodiment of a lamp in accordance with the present invention; Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of another two-dimensional panel embodiment of a lamp in accordance with the present invention; Figure 81 is a cross-sectional view of a tubular embodiment of a lamp in accordance with the present invention; Figure 82 is a cross-sectional view showing another tubular embodiment of the lamp according to the present invention; Figure 83 is a cross-sectional view showing another tubular embodiment of the lamp according to the present invention; and Figure 84 is a light emission of the lamp according to the present invention; A cross-sectional view of a panel embodiment; Figure 85 is another flood of a lamp in accordance with the present invention Figure 86 is a side view showing still another embodiment of the lamp according to the present invention; Figure 87 is a graph showing the emission characteristics of the lamp of Figure 86; Figure 8 is a view of the lamp according to the present invention; A side view of an embodiment; and Fig. 89 is a graph showing the emission characteristics of the lamp of Fig. 86. [Main component symbol description] 10 Typical LED package 11 wire bond 12 LED chip 13 Reflector cup 14 Clear protective resin 154496.doc -60- 201142199 15A Wire 16 Encapsulant material 20 Conventional LED package 22 LED chip 23 Substrate or sub-substrate 24 Metal Reflector 25A Electrical Trace 25B Electrical Trace 26 Encapsulant 27 Wire Bonding Connector 30 A19 Size Bulb Shell 50 Lamp 52 Heatsink Structure 53 Reflective Layer 54 Optical Cavity 56 Platform 58 Light Source 60 Heat Sink 62 Phosphor Carrier 64 carrier layer 66 phosphor layer 70 first heat stream 72 second heat stream 74 third heat stream 154496.doc • 61 - 201142199 76 dome diffuser 80 high narrow diffuser 81 two-dimensional phosphor carrier 82 first viewing angle 84 second Viewing Angle 90 Diffuser 91 Phosphor Carrier 100 Diffuser 102 Narrow Neck 110 A graph 112 showing an embodiment of a forward or Lambertian emission pattern 112 from a two-dimensional phosphor carrier and a coplanar LED source 112 pattern 114 pattern 130 has The sphere-shaped diffuser 140 of the short narrow neck portion has a shorter neck and retains most of its sphere shape. The diffuser 160 does not have a neck region but retains most of its spherical shape. Diffuser 210 Lamp 212 Heat sink structure 214 Cavity 216 Platform 154496.doc 62 · 201142199 218 Light source 220 Phosphor 222 Main light 224 Single main 300 light 302 Optical cavity 304 Light source 305 Heat sink 306 Platform 308 Phosphor 310 Forming 312 Threading 320 Lamp 322 Optical cavity 324 Light source 325 Heat sink 326 Platform 328 Phosphor 330 Diffuser 332 Threaded part 340 Lamp 342 Optical cavity 344 Light source 345 Heat sink structure Carrier diffuser dome structure carrier dome structure carrier device or lens to optics or lens 154496.doc -63- 201142199 346 platform 348 phosphor carrier 350 diffuser dome 352 threaded portion 354 interface layer 355 hemispherical carrier 356 phosphor layer 357 three-dimensional phosphor carrier 358 bullet carrier 359 phosphor layer 360 three-dimensional phosphor carrier 361 sphere shape carrier 362 fill layer 363 phosphor carrier 364 sphere shape carrier 365 narrow neck portion 366 phosphor layer 370 lamp 372 heat sink structure 374Learning cavity 376 Light source 378 Diffuser dome 380 Threaded section 382 Three-dimensional phosphor carrier 154496.doc -64- 201142199 390 Lamp 392 LED light source 394 Heat sink 398 Diffuser 400 Diffuser 410 Lamp 412 Phosphor carrier 420 Base 422 Heat sink 424 Optical cavity 426 Light source 428 Phosphor carrier 430 Diffuser dome 432 Threaded portion 434 Collar structure 440 Illuminator footprint 442 Phosphor carrier footprint 444 Disperser footprint 450 Lamp 452 Sub-substrate or heat sink 454 Coplanar LED 456 3D Or non-planar phosphor 458 diffuser 460 lamp 154496.doc 65- 201142199 462 Sub-substrate or heat sink 464 Coplanar LED 466 Phosphor carrier 468 diffuser 470 lamp 472 heat sink 474 coplanar LED 476 phosphor carrier 478 diffuser 480 Lamp 482 Sub-Substrate or Heat Sink 484 Light Emitting Diode (LED) 486 Phosphor Carrier 488 Diffuser 489 Base 490 Lamp 492 Sub-Substrate or Heat Sink 494 Light Emitting Diode (LED) 496 Phosphor Carrier 498 Diffuser 500 Lamp 502 coplanar LED 504 housing 505 housing side 154496.d Oc •66- 201142199 506 Phosphor Carrier 508 Diffuser 510 Lamp 512 Light Emitting Diode (LED) 514 Base 520 Light 522 Spherical Phosphor Carrier 524 Light Emitting Diode (LED) 530 Light 532 Light Emitting Diode (LED ) 536 Phosphor Converter 538 Diffuser 540 Lamp 550 Lamp 560 Lamp 562 Phosphor Carrier 564 Diffuser 566 Light Emitting Diode (LED) 570 Lamp 572 Phosphor Carrier 574 Diffuser 576 Grading Extraction Element Waveguide 578 Light Emitting Diode ( LED) 580 Light 154496.doc - 67 - 201142199 582 Reflector 590 Light 592 Coplanar LED 594 Substrate 596 Phosphor Carrier 598 Multi-Diffuser Layer 600 Lamp 602 Housing 604 Light Emitting Diode (LED) 606 Diffuser 608 Three-Dimensional Waveguide 610 Phosphor or Phosphor Carrier 620 Lamp 621 Diffuser 622 Lower Section 624 Upper Section 640 Graph 650 Lamp 652 Diffuser 654 Lower Section 656 Upper Section 660 Curve D1 Distance D2 Distance 154496.doc -68-

Claims (1)

201142199 VII. Patent Application Range·· 1. A solid state lamp comprising: a light source based on a light emitting diode (LED); a remote wavelength converting material separated from the LEE) light source; a diffuser At a distal end of the distal wavelength converting material, the diffuser includes a geometric shape and light scattering properties to disperse light from the LED source and the wavelength converting material into a substantially omnidirectional emission pattern. 2. The solid state light of claim 1 wherein the diffuser geometry comprises a neck at its base. 3. 3. The solid state light of claim 1, wherein the diffuser further comprises a bulb portion. A solid state light of 1, wherein the light scattering properties comprise non-uniform light scattering properties. 5. The solid state light of claim 3, wherein the LED light source comprises a plurality of coplanar LEDs&apos; and the distal carbon body comprises a substantially planar shape. 6. The solid state light of claim 1, wherein the LED light source comprises a plurality of coplanar leds and the distal fill body comprises a substantially planar shape, wherein the diffuser has a lower portion, the lower portion being corresponding to the upper portion Transmit more light. 7) The solid state lamp of claim 1, wherein the LED light source comprises a plurality of coplanar T FFs and the distal illuminator comprises a substantially planar shape, wherein the diffuser comprises a substantially spherical shape, the essence The shape of the upper sphere - the non-portion transmits more light than the corresponding upper portion. A solid state light according to claim 1, wherein the emission from the LED-based light source and the remote phosphor is directed forward. 9. The solid state light of claim 1, wherein the emission from the LED-based light source and the remote phosphor is forward-directed, wherein the diffuser has a lower portion, the lower portion corresponds to The upper portion transmits more light. 1. The solid state light of claim 1, wherein the emission from the LED-based light source and the remote phosphor is forward-directed, wherein the diffuser comprises a substantially spherical shape of the substantially spherical body One of the lower portions of the shape transmits more light than the corresponding upper portion. 11. The solid state light of claim 1, wherein the distal phosphor comprises a three-dimensional shape wherein the diffuser comprises a substantially spherical shape. 12. The solid state light as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distal phosphor comprises a three-dimensional shape, wherein the diffuser comprises a lower portion that transmits more light than the corresponding upper portion. 13. The solid state lamp of the present invention, wherein the distal phosphor comprises a three-dimensional shape, wherein the diffuser comprises a substantially spherical shape, and a lower portion of the substantially spherical shape transmits more than a corresponding upper portion Light. 14. The solid state light of claim 1 wherein the remote phosphor absorbs light from the light source and re-emits light in a dispersed pattern, wherein the diffuser comprises a spherical shape. 15. The solid state light of claim 1 wherein the diffuser comprises a three dimensional shape having a surface area that transmits more light relative to other surface areas. 16. A solid state light comprising: 154496.doc 201142199 a light source based on a light emitting diode (LED); a remote phosphor 'separated from the LED light source; a diffuser at At the distal end of the distal phosphor, the diffuser is configured with a scattering material that provides a substantially uniform lamp emission pattern of light from the LED source and the distal light body. 17. The solid state light of claim 16, wherein the diffuser has a lower portion that transmits more light than the corresponding upper portion. 18. The solid state light of claim 16 wherein the diffuser comprises a bulb having a scattering material. 19. The solid state light of claim 18, wherein the diffuser comprises a scattering film, layer or zone. Wherein the diffuser comprises a scattering particle 20. The solid state lamp layer of claim 18, wherein the scattering particle layer comprises a non-uniform scattering property having a more transparent - or a plurality of regions One or more zones, one or more zones of coarse sugar, 22. A solid state lamp of claim 2, a bulb of a particle layer. And/or has isotropic scattering properties. Wherein the diffuser comprises a solid state light having a scattering 23, such as claim 22, wherein the layer of the ruthenium ray scattering particles is on the inner or outer surface of the bulb, or both. 24. The solid state light of claim 22, wherein the layer of enamel radiation particles is within the bulb. 25. A solid state lamp comprising: a light source based on a light emitting diode (LED); 154496.doc 201142199 a two dimensional remote phosphor separated from the LED light source; a three dimensional diffuser at the far end The distal end of the phosphor and having a shape and varying scattering properties such that the light emitted from the diffuser has a spatial emission intensity in a range of angles compared to the light emitted from the distal phosphor. Change. The solid state lamp of claim 25, wherein the extender extends beyond the edge of the heat sink. Contains a heat sink, the diffusion 154496.doc