TW201036802A - Method of manufacturing tube lining bag - Google Patents
Method of manufacturing tube lining bag Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TW201036802A TW201036802A TW099100382A TW99100382A TW201036802A TW 201036802 A TW201036802 A TW 201036802A TW 099100382 A TW099100382 A TW 099100382A TW 99100382 A TW99100382 A TW 99100382A TW 201036802 A TW201036802 A TW 201036802A
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- sleeve
- tubular resin
- resin absorbent
- heater
- tube
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C63/00—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor
- B29C63/26—Lining or sheathing of internal surfaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
- B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
- B29C66/5227—Joining tubular articles for forming multi-tubular articles by longitudinally joining elementary tubular articles wall-to-wall (e.g. joining the wall of a first tubular article to the wall of a second tubular article) or for forming multilayer tubular articles
- B29C66/52271—Joining tubular articles for forming multi-tubular articles by longitudinally joining elementary tubular articles wall-to-wall (e.g. joining the wall of a first tubular article to the wall of a second tubular article) or for forming multilayer tubular articles one tubular article being placed inside the other
- B29C66/52272—Joining tubular articles for forming multi-tubular articles by longitudinally joining elementary tubular articles wall-to-wall (e.g. joining the wall of a first tubular article to the wall of a second tubular article) or for forming multilayer tubular articles one tubular article being placed inside the other concentrically, e.g. for forming multilayer tubular articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
- B29C65/24—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools characterised by the means for heating the tool
- B29C65/30—Electrical means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
- B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/63—Internally supporting the article during joining
- B29C66/634—Internally supporting the article during joining using an inflatable core
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/82—Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps
- B29C66/826—Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps without using a separate pressure application tool, e.g. the own weight of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/8266—Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps without using a separate pressure application tool, e.g. the own weight of the parts to be joined using fluid pressure directly acting on the parts to be joined
- B29C66/82661—Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps without using a separate pressure application tool, e.g. the own weight of the parts to be joined using fluid pressure directly acting on the parts to be joined by means of vacuum
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L55/00—Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
- F16L55/16—Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L55/00—Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
- F16L55/16—Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders
- F16L55/162—Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders from inside the pipe
- F16L55/165—Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders from inside the pipe a pipe or flexible liner being inserted in the damaged section
- F16L55/1652—Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders from inside the pipe a pipe or flexible liner being inserted in the damaged section the flexible liner being pulled into the damaged section
- F16L55/1654—Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders from inside the pipe a pipe or flexible liner being inserted in the damaged section the flexible liner being pulled into the damaged section and being inflated
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L55/00—Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
- F16L55/16—Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders
- F16L55/162—Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders from inside the pipe
- F16L55/165—Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders from inside the pipe a pipe or flexible liner being inserted in the damaged section
- F16L55/1656—Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders from inside the pipe a pipe or flexible liner being inserted in the damaged section materials for flexible liners
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2791/00—Shaping characteristics in general
- B29C2791/004—Shaping under special conditions
- B29C2791/006—Using vacuum
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
- B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
- B29C66/7212—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
- B29C66/7214—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the length of the fibres
- B29C66/72141—Fibres of continuous length
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
- B29C66/7214—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the length of the fibres
- B29C66/72143—Fibres of discontinuous lengths
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
- B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7394—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29K2077/00—Use of PA, i.e. polyamides, e.g. polyesteramides or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
- B29K2105/08—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of continuous length, e.g. cords, rovings, mats, fabrics, strands or yarns
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
- B29K2105/08—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of continuous length, e.g. cords, rovings, mats, fabrics, strands or yarns
- B29K2105/0854—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of continuous length, e.g. cords, rovings, mats, fabrics, strands or yarns in the form of a non-woven mat
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/24—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped crosslinked or vulcanised
- B29K2105/246—Uncured, e.g. green
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2309/00—Use of inorganic materials not provided for in groups B29K2303/00 - B29K2307/00, as reinforcement
- B29K2309/08—Glass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0037—Other properties
- B29K2995/0065—Permeability to gases
- B29K2995/0067—Permeability to gases non-permeable
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
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- B29L2023/005—Hoses, i.e. flexible
- B29L2023/006—Flexible liners
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
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- B29L2031/601—Multi-tubular articles, i.e. composed of a plurality of tubes
- B29L2031/602—Multi-tubular articles, i.e. composed of a plurality of tubes composed of several elementary tubular elements
- B29L2031/603—Multi-tubular articles, i.e. composed of a plurality of tubes composed of several elementary tubular elements one placed inside the other, e.g. dual wall tubes
- B29L2031/605—Multi-tubular articles, i.e. composed of a plurality of tubes composed of several elementary tubular elements one placed inside the other, e.g. dual wall tubes concentrically
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/04—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the partial melting of at least one layer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
- H05B2203/003—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using serpentine layout
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
- H05B2203/005—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using multiple resistive elements or resistive zones isolated from each other
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/014—Heaters using resistive wires or cables not provided for in H05B3/54
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Description
201036802 六、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明是關於:用來對已老朽化的既有管路加襯之管 內襯材的製造方法。 【先前技術】 在被設於地層中的下水道管(汙水管)、上水道管( 0 自來水管)等既有管路已老朽化的場合中’是實施不必挖 出既有管路便能進行補修的管路加襯工法。在該工法中’ 是藉由反轉或者拉入而將「由浸滲有熱硬化性樹脂的管狀 樹脂吸收材」所形成的管內襯材插入既有管路’並以空氣 壓等使其膨脹而保持壓接於既有管路之内周面的狀態。在 該狀態下,加熱管內襯材使浸滲於管狀樹脂吸收材的熱硬 化性樹脂硬化,而對既有管路形成加襯(譬如’專利文獻 1、2 等)。 〇 管內襯材的樹脂吸收材,是由柔軟的氈所形成’並在 其外周面(在管內襯材被反轉的場合中,則成爲内周面) ,熱熔著有「由氣密性高的塑膠膜」所形成的柔軟套管而 形成包覆層。該套管’是用來保護浸滲於管狀樹脂吸收材 的硬化性樹脂,而防止樹脂接觸外部。此外,在反轉管內 襯材並插入管路的場合中,經熱熔著的套管成爲内周面, 在後續的加襯過程中利用壓縮空氣使管內襯材膨脹時,可 防止浸滲於管狀樹脂吸收材的樹脂直接接觸壓縮空氣,或 者當利用蒸氣或溫水等熱媒加熱該樹脂時,可防止熱媒直 -5- 201036802 接接觸樹脂。 [專利文獻1]日本特開2006 - 130899號公報 [專利文獻2]日本特開2007 — 125703號公報 【發明內容】 [發明欲解決之課題] 在將套管熱熔著於管內襯材之樹脂吸收材的外周面的 場合中,傳統上是使管狀樹脂吸收材在套管内膨脹而緊密 接合於其内周面,在將其搬入「設有延伸於軸方向之加熱 器」的圓柱狀加熱爐内。令被搬入加熱爐内的套管與管狀 樹脂吸收材,在加熱爐内朝向出口移動,並在其移動中從 外周加熱,而使套管熱熔著於管狀樹脂吸收材。 在上述的方法中,需要使套管與管狀樹脂吸收材在加 熱爐内移動的機構,且倘若「膨脹成圓柱狀之套管與管狀 樹脂吸收材」的中心軸未與加熱爐的中心軸配合(一致) ,便使套管與管狀樹脂吸收材移動的話,由於加熱器相對 於套管與管狀樹脂吸收材的距離於上部與下部處不一致, 而產生加熱紋,致使套管不平均地熱熔著於管狀樹脂吸收 材。一旦熱熔著不充分,浸滲於管狀樹脂吸收材之樹脂的 硬化也將劣化,而具有難以形成「具有信賴性的加襯」的 缺點。 此外,當將套管與管狀樹脂吸收材的前端搬入加熱爐 時,由於必須對延伸於加熱爐全長的全體加熱器通電,且 在套管與管狀樹脂吸收材的後端通過加熱爐的出口之前, -6- 201036802 必須持續地對加熱器供電,因此具有「沒有效率地加熱, 而產生電力消耗」的缺點。 本發明,是爲了解決上述的問題點所硏發而成的發明 ,本發明的課題是提供一種:「可使套管平均且有效率地 熱熔著於管狀樹脂吸收材,並能以簡單的方法製造高品質 之管內襯材」的管內襯材的製造方法。 〇 [解決課題手段] 用來解決上述課題的本發明, 是將由氣密性塑膠膜所形成的套管,熱熔著於管狀樹 脂吸收材的外周面,並將硬化性樹脂浸滲於該管狀樹脂吸 收材來製造管內襯材之管內襯材的製造方法,其特徵爲: 將管狀樹脂吸收材插入套管内並使其膨脹成圓柱狀, 而緊密接合於套管内周面, 使加熱器緊密接合於披覆著「膨脹成圓柱狀之管狀樹 Ο 脂吸收材」的套管的外周面並捲繞, 藉由對加熱器通電而加熱套管與管狀樹脂吸收材,使 套管熱熔著於管狀樹脂吸收材。 [發明效果] 在本發明中,由於是形成「使加熱器緊密接合於披覆 著『膨脹成圓柱狀之管狀樹脂吸收材』的套管的外周面並 捲繞,藉由對加熱器通電而加熱套管與管狀樹脂吸收材, 使套管熱熔著於管狀樹脂吸收材」,因此不需要使套管與 201036802 管狀樹脂吸收材移動的機構,並能不產生加熱紋地,使套 管平均地熱熔著於管狀樹脂吸收材,可製造出高品質的管 內襯材。 此外,在本發明中,由於加熱器是緊密接合於套管的 外周面並被捲繞,故能毫不浪費地加熱套管與管狀樹脂吸 收材,能以少量的電力使套管有效率地熱熔著於管狀樹脂 吸收材。 【實施方式】 以下,參考圖面說明本發明的實施例。在此,是說明 將下水道管作爲既有管路而對其加襯之管內襯材的製造方 法。但是本發明並不侷限於此,本發明同樣能適用於上水 道管、農業用水管等之管內襯材的製造方法。 [實施例] 第1圖’是顯示修補或者更新既有管路之管內襯材的 製造過程。管內襯材1是指:在柔軟的管狀樹脂吸收材 10的外周面,披覆「由聚乙烯、聚丙烯、尼龍、或者氯 乙烯等氣密性高的塑膠膜」構成之柔軟套管11,而形成 的柔軟管狀加襯材。 管狀樹脂吸收材1 0是由以下所形成:採用聚醯胺、 聚酯、聚丙烯等塑膠纖維的不織布、織布或墊子;或者採 用玻璃纖維的織布、或墊子;或者組合上述塑膠纖維與玻 璃纖維的不織布、織布或墊子:在管狀樹脂吸收材10中 -8 - 201036802 浸渗有:不飽和聚酯樹脂、乙稀醋樹脂(vinylester resin )、或環氧樹脂之類的液狀未硬化的熱硬化性樹脂。 爲了製造上述的管內襯材,是將管狀樹脂吸收材10 插入套管1 1内’此外’將其中一端(第1圖中的右側) 已封閉的管狀內襯管12插入管狀樹脂吸收材1〇内,而將 管狀樹脂吸收材1 〇保持於套管1 1與內襯管1 2之間。 在管狀樹脂吸收材10與套管11上開孔並安裝真空軟 0 管13,當真空吸引管狀樹脂吸收材1〇,並從內襯管12的 開放端(第1圖中的左側)供給壓縮空氣時,雖然套管 1 1、管狀樹脂吸收材1 〇以及內襯管1 2 —開始分別形成扁 平狀,但如第1圖所示,將一起膨脹成圓柱狀,管狀樹脂 吸收材10,是在被套管Π與內襯管12所挾持的狀態下 緊密接合於套管11的内周面。由於是使套管11、管狀樹 脂吸收材10、內襯管12 —起膨脹成圓柱狀,因此形成: 當成爲圓柱狀時,套管11的内徑與管狀樹脂吸收材10的 Ο 外徑大致一致,且管狀樹脂吸收材10的内徑與內襯管12 的外徑大致一致。 雖然在第1圖中,真空軟管13僅設置在一個位置( 部位),但爲了有效率地真空吸引管狀樹脂吸收材,通常 是對應於管內襯材的長度而在複數個位置安裝真空軟管。 接著,如第2圖(a)所示,使套管11、管狀樹脂吸 收材1 〇、內襯管12形成膨脹的狀態,將加熱器20僅密 接合在披覆於「膨脹成圓柱狀之管狀樹脂吸收材10」的 套管Π的外周面並捲繞。 -9 · 201036802 加熱器20,是如第3圖所示的加熱器:在其中一邊 爲Y而另一邊爲Y’的矩形或者正方形之絶緣性的布(以 虛線表示)20a的内部,以相等的間距p (譬如·· 7.5mm )使鎳鉻合金線之類的電熱線20b周期性地蛇行而配置。 Y’是大致等於套管11的外周或者略長,當加熱器20緊 密接合於套管11並捲繞時,將形成其兩端部部份重疊的 長度(第2圖(a))。 電熱線20b,如第3圖所示,僅在Y’方向上延伸特 定距離便折返,並再延伸相同的距離而折返,重複上述的 折返動作並採用間距P而周期性地蛇行延伸於管內襯材的 長度方向上。電熱線2 0b以其中一端連接於插頭2 0c,藉 由將插頭20c插入幹線(trunk ) 2 1的電源插座20d而對 電熱線2 0b通電,並可促使電熱線20b發熱。電熱線20b ,由於可大致遍布於加熱器全體而平均地分布,故其發熱 量可在加熱器20全體形成一致。 當管內襯材1的長度較長時,如第2圖(b)所示, 是使複數個加熱器20彼此鄰接並緊密接合,而捲附於套 管11的外周面。此時,將管內襯材之軸方向的長度(套 管11的長度)設爲X,將加熱器20延伸於管內襯材之長 度方向的一邊的長度設成Y’在X大於Y的場合中’求 取符合γ*ζ〉χ( *是指乘法運算的符號)的最小整數z ,並使所求得的ζ個加熱器20彼此鄰接並緊密接合’而 捲繞於套管11的外周面。藉由將各加熱器20的插頭20c 插入電源插座20d,而將Z個加熱器20並聯連接。 -10- 201036802 雖然在第2圖(a) 、(b)中’最初的加熱器20( 在圖面中的左端)’是在較套管11的前端略靠近右側的 位置捲繞,但這僅是爲了容易理解的示意圖’實際上’加 熱器20的左端與套管11的前端,是位在大致相同的位置 〇 在第2圖所示之管內襯材1的場合中,由於其管長方 向的長度X較加熱器20的其中一邊Y更長’故以上述的 〇 式子來準備Z個加熱器20,並將各插頭20c插入插座20d ,而使Z個加熱器2〇並聯連接。在第2圖(b )的範例中 ,是將第3個加熱器20捲繞於套管11,而連接成並聯。 但是在該圖中,爲了避免加熱器的插頭和插座造成圖面過 於紊亂,因而省略其圖示。 一旦將特定數量的Z個加熱器20捲繞於套管11,並 將各插頭20c插入電源插座20d而對各加熱器20進行通 電,各加熱器20的電熱線20b將發熱。藉此將一致地對 €) 套管11與管狀樹脂吸收材1 〇加熱,使套管11熱熔著於 管狀樹脂吸收材10,而在管狀樹脂吸收材10形成由套管 1 1所構成的包覆層。 如此一來,即使在管內襯材之管狀樹脂吸收材較長的 場合中,由於可連結使用特定數量的加熱器,而對管狀樹 脂吸收材以及所披覆之套管全體加熱,故能有效率且一致 性地加熱,可使套管高品質地熱熔著於管狀樹脂吸收材。 而各加熱器20鄰接的部分,由於發熱不容易一致, 故如第2圖(b)中的虛線所示,將熱傳導性佳的金屬製 -11 - 201036802 薄膜30(譬如:鋁箔)捲繞於套管11,並在其上使加熱 器20、20鄰接並捲繞,而使加熱量形成均一化。在第2 圖(b)中,雖然薄膜30僅被標示於一處,但其他鄰接的 加熱器處也同樣被捲繞。 如此一來,一旦套管11被熱熔著於管狀樹脂吸收材 10的外周面,將中止透過真空軟管13的真空吸引,並中 止朝內襯管12供給壓縮空氣,而使套管11、管狀樹脂吸 收材10、內襯管12收縮,並將內襯管12從套管11與管 狀樹脂吸收材1 0處抽出。 接著,採用大眾所知悉的方法(譬如:日本特開 2 00 1 — 1 08 5 5 5號公報),使管狀樹脂吸收材10中浸滲: 藉由加熱或者光照射而硬化的樹脂;或者在常溫下硬化的 硬化性樹脂。換言之,是將硬化性樹脂注入管狀樹脂吸收 材1 〇的内部,並對管狀樹脂吸收材1 〇施以真空吸引,藉 由發生於管狀樹脂吸收材1〇的負壓而使硬化性樹脂浸滲 於管狀樹脂吸收材1 〇。如此一來,由氣密性塑膠膜所形 成的套管熱熔著於管狀樹脂吸收材的外周面,可製造:使 硬化性樹脂浸滲於該管狀樹脂吸收材而所形成的管內襯材 〇 由上述方式所製造的管內襯材,套管是藉由反轉或拉 入的方式而插入既有管路內成爲内周面,並藉由空氣壓等 而膨脹而保持壓接於既有管路之内周面的狀態。在該狀態 下,藉由對管內襯材加熱或者光照射,使已浸滲於管狀樹 脂吸收材的硬化性樹脂硬化,而對既有管路加襯。 -12- 201036802 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖:是顯示將管狀樹脂吸收材插入套管並促使管 狀樹脂吸收材膨脹時之管內襯材的立體圖。 第2圖:(a)是顯示捲繞著加熱器的套管與管狀;^ 脂吸收材的立體圖,(b)是顯示捲繞著複數個加熱器@ 套管與管狀樹脂吸收材的立體圖。 Ο 第3圖:是顯示加熱器之電熱線的連接的配線圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 1 :管內襯材 1 0 :管狀樹脂吸收材 11 :套管 12 :內襯管 13 :真空軟管 〇 2 0 :加熱器 -13-
Claims (1)
- 201036802 七、申請專利範圍: 1. 一種管內襯材的製造方法,是將由氣密性塑膠膜所 構成套管,熱熔著於管狀樹脂吸收材的外周面,並使硬化 性樹脂浸滲於該管狀樹脂吸收材,來製造管內襯材之管內 襯材的製造方法, 其特徵爲: 將管狀樹脂吸收材插入套管内並膨脹成圓柱狀,而緊 密接合於套管内周面, 在用來披覆膨脹成圓柱狀之管狀樹脂吸收材的套管的 外周面上,緊密接合加熱器並予以捲繞, 藉由對加熱器通電而對套管與管狀樹脂吸收材加熱, 使套管熱熔著於管狀樹脂吸收材。 2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所記載之管內襯材的製造方 法,其中前述加熱器爲:在具有大致等於套管外周之一邊 的矩形或正方形的絶緣性布的内部,以相等的間距並週期 性地蛇行配置有電熱線的加熱器。 3 .如申請專利範圍第2項所記載之管內襯材的製造方 法,其中將管內襯材的長度當成X,將加熱器延伸於管內 襯材的長度方向之一邊的長度當成Y,在X大於γ的場 合中,求出符合Y*z>x的最小整數Z,將所求得的Ζ 個加熱器彼此鄰接並捲繞於套管的外周面,而並聯連接Ζ 個加熱器後通電。 4.如申請專利範圍第3項所記載之管內襯材的製造方 法,其中在將熱傳導性的薄膜捲繞於套管之後,中介著該 -14- 201036802 熱傳導性薄膜而捲繞加熱器〇
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CN102022588A (zh) * | 2010-08-27 | 2011-04-20 | 广东联塑科技实业有限公司 | 一种衬塑钢塑复合管及其制造方法 |
AU2016278346B2 (en) * | 2015-06-19 | 2020-07-09 | Christopher Meredith | Improvements in apparatus for repairing pipe joints |
CN110014676B (zh) * | 2019-04-15 | 2021-03-19 | 上海乐通管道工程有限公司 | 一种高效率原位热塑成型施工工艺 |
FR3119070B1 (fr) * | 2021-01-19 | 2024-01-12 | Enedis | Dispositif de chauffe adapte a assouplir une portion de gaine exterieure isolante d’un cable electrique |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3393297A (en) * | 1966-01-14 | 1968-07-16 | Oliver M. Hart | Combined heating and insulating means for heat-treating objects |
US4425497A (en) * | 1979-08-17 | 1984-01-10 | Raychem Corporation | PTC Heater assembly |
JPH0745182B2 (ja) * | 1990-06-29 | 1995-05-17 | 株式会社ゲット | 管ライニング材の製造方法 |
US20100024185A1 (en) * | 2007-02-21 | 2010-02-04 | United Technologies Corporation | Complete wire mesh repair with heat blanket |
-
2009
- 2009-01-15 JP JP2009006213A patent/JP2010162749A/ja active Pending
- 2009-12-23 KR KR1020090129769A patent/KR20100084117A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2010
- 2010-01-08 TW TW099100382A patent/TW201036802A/zh unknown
- 2010-01-14 US US12/657,145 patent/US20100175818A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-01-15 CN CN201010004418A patent/CN101780716A/zh active Pending
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9429265B2 (en) | 2012-04-12 | 2016-08-30 | Ashimori Industry Co., Ltd. | Lining method for conduit and lining material composite for conduit |
TWI547663B (zh) * | 2012-04-13 | 2016-09-01 | Ashimori Ind Co Ltd | Pipe lining method and piping lining material |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN101780716A (zh) | 2010-07-21 |
KR20100084117A (ko) | 2010-07-23 |
JP2010162749A (ja) | 2010-07-29 |
US20100175818A1 (en) | 2010-07-15 |
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