201013129 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種吸煙室。 【先前技術】 目前，在吸煙室中，為了能夠將香煙的煙迅速地排出’ 建議極大之換氣量（日本厚生勞動省的分煙基準等）。因 此，在吸煙室中亦適用一般已知的換氣方式。 一般就室内的空調及換氣方式而言，已知有混合換氣 β 方式、地板下換氣（under floor venti lation)方式、置換 換氣（displacement venti 1 at ion)方式、藉由來自通風口 (gallery)的供氣進行換氣之方式。參照第1圖至第4圖， 說明適用各方式之吸煙室的構造、及室内之氣流的狀態。 (1) 於第1圖所示的混合換氣方式中，一邊藉由設置 於吸煙室10之天花板的空調器11使空氣循環空調，一邊 使用設置於天花板或天花板附近的供氣口 12及排氣口 13 ❹ 進行換氣。 (2) 於第2圖所示的地板下換氣方式中，將吸煙室1〇 的地板作成為具有複數個吹出口的空調用地板14，將已進 行空調後的空氣從地板下面的供氣口 15通過空調用地板 14進行供氣，並從設置於天花板或天花板附近的排氣口 16 進行排氣。在此方式中，由於係一邊從地板供給新鮮空氣， 一邊從天花板附近進行排氣，所以污染空氣係迅速地被送 到排氣口 16。因此，可使居住區域（呼吸區域）的空氣保持 清淨（專利文獻1)。 321211 3 201013129 (3) 在第3圖所示的置換換氣方式中，於吸煙室ι〇的 - 下方設置置換換氣用供氣口 17，緩緩地供給比室溫更低溫 之已進行空調後的空氣，並從設置於天花板或天花板附近 的排氣口 18進行排氣。在此方式中，藉由室内的人體或機 器等所產生的熱形成上升氣流，而在吸煙室10的高度方向 开>成溫度成層（thermal stratifiCation)。因此，污染空 氣會集中在天花板附近（於高度方向形成濃度分布），並從 天花板或天花板附近的排氣口 18有效率地進行排氣。由於 該方式可使污杂线集中在天花板附近，故可使居住區$ 0 (呼吸區域）的空氣保持清淨（專利文獻2)。 (4) 於藉由來自第4圖所示之通風口（gallery)的供氣 來進行換氣之方式中’係於吸煙室1〇的門或牆壁面設置通 風口 19，從通風口 19供給室外之已進行空調後的空氣， 並從設置於天花板或天花板附近的排氣口 20進行排氣。 然而，由於混合換氣方式會將室内空氣與所產生的煙 加以混合，所以為了使煙（粉塵）的濃度降低，必須有大量 ❿ 的換氣量。 另一方面’從地板附近進行供氣的地板下式換氣、置 換式換氣、及來自通風口的供氣所產生的換氣，均可在不 使室内空氣與所產生的煙混合的情況下，形成從地板附近 朝向天花板方尚的氣流’故可期待得以使居住區域或呼吸 區域（高度I.1炱丨.6®左右）之污染物質的濃度降低。 然而，關於適用地板下式換氣、置換式換氣、或來自 通風口的供氟所彥生的換氣之吸煃室，因吸煙所產生的煙 321211 4 201013129 (粉塵）是否會沿著氣流上升尚未被驗證，各方式之最人適 的規格也不明確。 此外，專利文獻3至5中，曾提案有採用從下方進行 供氣並從設置於上方（牆壁面）的排氣口進行排氣之方式的 吸煙室。揭示於此等文獻的技術為接近置換式換氣之方 式。此等文獻中記載有：設置桌（table)、或在天花板設置 遮蔽體、或在煙灰缸位置的上方設置多數個排氣口，以使 煙有效率地排出。 然而，於適用此等技術之情況時，會有室内形狀戋吸 煙者所使用之煙灰缸的位置受到限制之問題。再者，由於 係從牆壁面的廣泛區域進行排氣，故當吸煙者位在遠離牆 壁面的位置與所排氣之牆壁面附近的位置兩處時，煙會朝 向牆壁面附近之吸煙者的方向（橫向）流動，會有對該吸煙 者造成不愉快感受之顧慮。 [專利文獻1]日本專利2955519號公報 © [專利文獻2]日本特開平6_ 185780號公報 [專利文獻3]日本特開2006 —288282號公報 [專利文獻4]日本特開2007—〇71454號公報 [專利文獻5]日本特開2007 — 100972號公報 【發明内容】 (發明所欲解決之課題） 本發明之目的在於提供一種於室内的形狀或煙灰缸的 位置不會受到限制的情況下，可使吸煙者舒適地吸煙之吸 煙室。 5 321211 201013129 根據本發明之一態樣，將室内的高度設為橫軸，將溫 度設為縱軸時，天花板附近的溫度比地板附近的溫度高， 且溫度分布係控制為直線或下凸的形狀。 在本發明中，以在天花板或天花板附近設置有用以控 制溫度分布的形狀之發熱體為佳。於此情況下，較佳為藉 由設置於天花板或天花板附近的發熱體，將天花板與距天 花板50cm之下方位置的平均溫度差控制在0. 5°C以上。 在本發明中，較佳為從距離天花板之高度1/2以下的 位置進行供氣，且從天花板或天花板附近進行排氣。於此 情況下，換氣方式亦可為置換換氣方式、藉由來自通風口 的供氣進行換氣的方式、地板下換氣方式之任一者。於設 置通風口之情況時，通風口的葉片係以從室内觀看相對於 地板朝向下方為佳。 在本發明中，亦可設成室外的空氣透過配置於室内的 導氣管（duct)進行供氣，並從天花板或天花板附近進行排 氣。此時，亦可構成為在將門打開時，配置於室内之導氣 管的供氣口被門堵塞住，而從門進行供氣。 在本發明中，換氣次數係以5[次/h]以上、60[次/ h]以下為隹。本發明的吸煙室係以室内的地板至天花板的 高度為2m以上、4m以下為佳。 【實施方式】 以下，說明本發明之實施型態。 本發明之吸煙室係使用地板下換氣、置換換氣、或來 自通風口的供氣所產生的換氣，以不會造成室内的氣流大 6 321211 201013129 幅擾動的程度，緩緩地從室内之地板或壁面下方供給比居 住區域（呼吸區域）的室溫更低温的空氣。具體而言，係將 風速設定在0. 5m/s以下。 在本發明之吸煙室中，將室内的高度設為橫轴，將溫 度設為縱軸時，溫度分布係控制為直線或下凸之形狀，其 理由在於：用以防止一次伴隨上升氣流而到達天花板附近 的煙再次擴散並下沉到居住區域（呼吸區域）。 ❹ 此處，室内之高度方向的溫度差係因實驗條件而大幅 相異。而在本發明中，吸煙室内之溫度分布的形狀甚為重 要。因此，為了使不同實驗條件下之溫度分布的形狀相對 地容易進行比較，而將溫度無因次化，並將天花板的無因 次化>1度設為1· 0來進行比較。其後’依據無因次化溫度 來表示溫度分布的形狀。無論吸煙室内的溫度差為何，只 要溫度分布為下凸，則無因次化的溫度分布亦成為下凸。 欲將測定溫度轉換成無因次化溫度時，係使用式1。 © 在式1中’ βη係表示無因次化溫度、0B係表示高度方向 之各位置的測定溫度、6> f係表示地板附近的測定溫度、0 c 係表示天花板附近的測定溫度。 (式1) 第5圖係表示與室内之地板相距之高度與無因次化溫 度的關係。第5圖係表示成為下凸之曲線的溫度分布$、 成為直線狀的溫度分布γ、及成為上凸之曲線的溫度分布 Z。在本發明中，更詳細地說明將吸煙室内的溫度分布控制 321211 7 201013129 為直線或下凸之曲線的理由。 一般經常會認為.當吸壌室内有溫度差時，空氣會上 升，故相較於溫度分布的形狀，地板附近與天花板附近的 溫度差本身較為重要。然、而，根據本案發明人的研究得知， 即便在地板附近與天花板附赴有溫度差，當溫度分布的形 狀為上凸時（第5圖中的X)，由於天花板附近與居住區域 的溫度差較小’故吸麵產生_上升至天花板附近後， 會再次擴散並下沉到居住區域。 為了改善此現象而進行各種研究的結果得知，在同樣 ❹ 的供氣排氣條件下，即便地板至天花板的溫度差本身較 小’藉由將溫度分布的形狀控制為下凸，即可防止一次到 達天花板附近的煙再次擴散旅下沉到居住區域。 如上所述，為了解決創造良好的吸煙環境之課題，在 本發明的吸煙室中，如第5圖所示將溫度分布控制為下凸 的形狀。再者，由本發明人等研究的結果亦得知，作為將 温度分布控制為下凸之形狀的手段，將發熱體（以下稱為天 花板發熱體）設置於天花板成天花板附近係可發揮作用。 € 繼之，顯示在本發明的吸煙室應用置換換氣方式戋來 自通風口之供氣所產生的換氟方式時的實驗結果。 i-l實施^_ 說明在本發明的吸煙家應用置換換氣方式的實施型 態。 (吸煙室） 使用於實驗的吸煙室係地板面積為寬度3m、長度如 321211 201013129 之18m2，天花板高度為2. 7m，室内容積為48. 6m3。 第6圖係表示吸煙室之供氣口及排氣口的位置。如第 6圖所示，於吸煙室50的一個壁面設有門51。於與吸煙室 50之門51相對向的壁面下方，設有置換換氣用供氣口 52(日本FLECT(股）公司製、型式：FMH. 062. 400)。於吸煙 室50的天花板設有多數個排氣口 53。將2TC之已進行空 調後的空氣從置換換氣用供氣口 52供給至吸煙室50，並 從設置於天花板的排氣口 53進行排氣。 魯 於吸煙室50内，設置有模仿人體的熱能測試用人體模 型（thermal manikin)，來取代使吸煙者滯留。熱能測試用 人體模型係假定最大於2cm2有一個滯留人數，總共設置有 9具。熱能測試用人體模型的發熱量為i〇〇w/具。 為了控制吸煙室50内之溫度分布的形狀，設置有9 個天花板發熱體。第7圖係表示天花板發熱體的構造。該 天花板發熱體60係於下半部設有鋁散熱體的玻璃球61 ❹中’插入有白熱燈62者。發熱體60係以使其中心至天花 板的距離成為30αη的方式設置^ 1個白熱燈62的输出為 100W ’ 9個白熱燈62的合計輸出為900f。如第8圖所示， 從吸煙室50的天花板看去，將9個發熱體6〇均等地設置。 藉由將此專發熱體設為ΟΝ/OFF，可使吸煙室内之溫度分 布的形狀改變。 (香煙燃燒條件） 將吸煙室之平均的香煙燃燒根數設定為3根/h/m2。 本貫施型態中，每一小時使54根香煙燃燒。就燃燒方法而 9 321211 201013129 言，係將一次使9根香煙同時自然燃燒的操作不間斷地重 複進行六次。 此外，關於吸煙室的評估，原本需考量到伴隨吸煙而 產生的吐出煙。然而，在本實施型態中，因為係以於評估 吸煙室的換氣能力為目的’故換氣能力可僅以副流煙相對 地進行比較’而僅以副流煙來進行實驗。 如第9圖所示，；k天花板看去，將香煙的燃燒位置μ 設為吸煙室50的中心。燃燒位置7〇的高度係設為與地板 相距1. lm。關於香煙的燃燒位置，原本應考慮吸煙者的配❹ 置。此時’在本實施塑態中，因為係以評估吸煙室的換氣 能力為目的’所以將香煙的燃燒位置固定於吸煙室5〇的中 心來進行實驗。 (粉塵濃度測定位置） 如第9圖所不，從天花板看去，在連結吸煙室5〇的中 心與四個隅角之直線之中間位置的四點設置粉塵儀71。粉 塵儀71的*置兩度係代表居住區域（呼吸區域），將該高纟❹ 設為與地板相距1.4m。就粉塵儀71而言，係使用壓電平 衡（Piezobalance)粉塵儀（M0DEL35U、日本Kan〇max(股） 公司製），即時地測定粉塵濃度。 從粉塵產生前，至六次份的香煙燃燒結束後藉由換氣 使粉塵濃度到達零為止，持續地測定粉塵濃度。將室内四 點的測疋值分別換算成每1小時的粉塵量，將四點的測定 值加以平均，而設為室内之每丨小時的平均粉塵量。 評估為：居住區域（1.4m)的粉塵濃度愈低，對吸煙者 321211 10 201013129 而言為愈舒適的吸煙空間。以各種的實驗條件比較吸煙空 間的舒適性。 (室内溫度測定位置） 如第9圖所示，從天花板看去，將與粉塵儀71之設置 位置相同的四點設為溫度計的設置位置。在各個測定位 置，在與地板相距0. 05m、0. 14m、2. 4m、及2. 69m的四個 高度位置，分別設置溫度計。因此，溫度的測定點總共有 16點。就溫度計而言，係使用E熱電偶，將E熱電偶連接 ® 至行動式溫度記錄器（日本基恩斯（股）公司製、NR— 1000) 來進行測定。將同一高度之測定點四點的值加以平均，而 求得室内之向度方向的溫度。 (換氣條件） 如表1所示，將換氣量設為570、1100或2000[m3/ h]，將換氣次數設為11. 7、22. 6或44. 1[次/h]。 就換氣條件的基準而言，混合換氣方式係以A至C的 ❹ 條件進行測定。在混合換氣方式中，使設置於天花板的空 調機運轉以使室内的空氣與煙混合，並使室内的溫度分布 及粉塵濃度一樣來進行測定。其他的測定條件係如上所述。 於置換換氣方式中，使用表1所示之D至I的條件作 為換氣條件。於使熱能測試用人體模型發熱的狀態下，將 天花板發熱體設為ON或OFF。於此等條件下，比較粉塵濃 度及溫度分布的形狀。 11 321211 201013129 [表i]201013129 VI. Description of the Invention: TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a smoking room. [Prior Art] In the smoking room, in order to be able to quickly discharge the cigarette smoke, it is recommended that the amount of ventilation is extremely large (the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare's cigarette separation standard, etc.). Therefore, generally known ventilation methods are also employed in smoking rooms. Generally, in the case of indoor air conditioning and ventilation, a mixed ventilation β method, an under floor venti lation method, a displacement venti 1 at ion method, and a ventilating port are known. (gallery) the way the gas is supplied for ventilation. The structure of the smoking room to which each mode is applied and the state of the airflow in the room will be described with reference to Figs. 1 to 4 . (1) In the mixed ventilation system shown in Fig. 1, the air supply port 12 and the row provided near the ceiling or the ceiling are used while the air is circulated by the air conditioner 11 installed in the ceiling of the smoking room 10. Air port 13 进行 Perform ventilation. (2) In the underfloor ventilation system shown in Fig. 2, the floor of the smoking room is made into an air-conditioning floor 14 having a plurality of air outlets, and the air that has been air-conditioned is supplied from the floor below. The port 15 is supplied with air through the floor 14 for air conditioning, and is exhausted from an exhaust port 16 provided near the ceiling or the ceiling. In this mode, since fresh air is supplied from the floor and exhausted from the vicinity of the ceiling, the polluted air is quickly sent to the exhaust port 16. Therefore, the air in the living area (breathing area) can be kept clean (Patent Document 1). 321211 3 201013129 (3) In the replacement ventilation method shown in Fig. 3, the air supply port for replacement ventilation 17 is provided below the smoking room, and the air supply port 17 is cooled at a lower temperature than the room temperature. The rear air is exhausted from an exhaust port 18 provided near the ceiling or ceiling. In this mode, the ascending air current is formed by the heat generated by the human body or the machine in the room, and the temperature is increased in the height direction of the smoking chamber 10 to form a thermal stratification. Therefore, the polluted air is concentrated near the ceiling (concentration distribution in the height direction), and is efficiently exhausted from the ceiling or the exhaust port 18 near the ceiling. Since this method allows the stain line to be concentrated near the ceiling, the air in the living area $0 (breathing area) can be kept clean (Patent Document 2). (4) In the manner of ventilating by the air supply from the ventilating port shown in Fig. 4, a vent 19 is provided in the door or wall surface of the smoking room 1 ,, and is supplied from the vent 19 The air that has been air-conditioned outside is exhausted from the exhaust port 20 provided near the ceiling or ceiling. However, since the mixed air exchange method mixes the indoor air with the generated smoke, in order to lower the concentration of the smoke (dust), it is necessary to have a large amount of ventilating air. On the other hand, 'air-floor ventilation, displacement ventilation, and air supply from the air supply from the air vents can be mixed without mixing the indoor air with the generated smoke. In this case, the airflow from the vicinity of the floor to the ceiling is formed. Therefore, it is expected that the concentration of the pollutant in the living area or the breathing area (about 1.1 炱丨.6® height) can be lowered. However, regarding the use of underfloor ventilation, displacement ventilation, or ventilation from the ventilator of the ventilator, the smoke generated by smoking will be along the airflow of 321211 4 201013129 (dust). The rise has not yet been verified, and the most appropriate specifications for each method are not clear. Further, in Patent Documents 3 to 5, a smoking chamber in which air is supplied from below and exhausted from an exhaust port provided on the upper side (wall surface) has been proposed. The technique for revealing such documents is a method of approaching a displacement type of ventilation. These documents describe that a table is provided, or a shelter is provided on the ceiling, or a plurality of exhaust ports are provided above the position of the ashtray to efficiently discharge the smoke. However, in the case where such techniques are applied, there is a problem that the position of the ashtray used by the smoker in the indoor shape is limited. Furthermore, since the exhaust is exhausted from a wide area of the wall surface, when the smoker is located at a position away from the wall surface and near the wall surface of the exhausted wall, the smoke will face the smoker near the wall surface. Flowing in the direction (horizontal) has concerns about the unpleasant feelings of the smoker. [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. Hei. No. Hei. No. Hei. No. Hei. No. Hei. No. Hei. [Patent Document 5] JP-A-2007-100972 SUMMARY OF INVENTION [Problem to be Solved by the Invention] An object of the present invention is to provide a case where the shape of an indoor chamber or the position of an ashtray is not limited, A smoking room that allows smokers to smoke comfortably. 5 321211 201013129 According to one aspect of the present invention, when the height of the room is set to the horizontal axis and the temperature is set to the vertical axis, the temperature near the ceiling is higher than the temperature near the floor, and the temperature distribution is controlled to be straight or convex. shape. In the present invention, it is preferable to provide a heating element having a shape for controlling the temperature distribution in the vicinity of the ceiling or the ceiling. 5度以上以上。 In this case, the average temperature difference between the ceiling and the distance from the ceiling of 50cm is controlled to 0. 5 ° C or more. In the present invention, it is preferable to supply air from a position 1/2 or less from the height of the ceiling, and to exhaust the air from the ceiling or the ceiling. In this case, the ventilation method may be either a replacement ventilation method, a ventilation method by air supply from a vent, or an underfloor ventilation method. In the case where the vent is provided, the vanes of the vent are preferably viewed from the inside with respect to the floor facing downward. In the present invention, the outdoor air may be supplied to the air through a duct disposed in the room, and exhausted from the ceiling or the ceiling. In this case, when the door is opened, the air supply port of the air duct disposed in the room may be blocked by the door, and the air may be supplied from the door. In the present invention, the number of air exchanges is 5 [times/h] or more and 60 [times/h] or less. The smoking room of the present invention preferably has a floor-to-ceiling height of 2 m or more and 4 m or less in the room. [Embodiment] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described. The smoking room of the present invention uses the underfloor air exchange, the replacement ventilation, or the ventilation generated by the air supply from the vent, so as not to cause the airflow in the room to be large, and the degree of disturbance is slowly from the indoor The floor or wall below the room supplies a lower temperature air than the living area (breathing area). 5米/以下以下。 The wind speed is set to 0. 5m / s or less. In the smoking room of the present invention, when the height of the room is set to the horizontal axis and the temperature is set to the vertical axis, the temperature distribution is controlled to a straight line or a downward convex shape, because the purpose is to prevent the air from reaching once with the rising air current. The smoke near the ceiling spreads again and sinks into the living area (breathing area). ❹ Here, the temperature difference in the height direction of the room is greatly different depending on the experimental conditions. In the present invention, however, the shape of the temperature distribution in the smoking chamber is very important. Therefore, in order to make the shape of the temperature distribution under different experimental conditions relatively easy to compare, the temperature is not dimensioned, and the dimensionlessness of the ceiling > 1 degree is set to 1.0. Thereafter, the shape of the temperature distribution is expressed in terms of the dimensionless temperature. Regardless of the temperature difference in the smoking chamber, as long as the temperature distribution is convex, the dimensionless temperature distribution also becomes convex. To convert the measured temperature to a dimensionless temperature, Equation 1 is used. In the formula 1, 'βη denotes a dimensionless temperature, 0B denotes a measured temperature at each position in the height direction, and 6> f denotes a measured temperature in the vicinity of the floor, and 0 c denotes a measured temperature in the vicinity of the ceiling. (Formula 1) Figure 5 shows the relationship between the height from the floor of the room and the dimensionless temperature. Fig. 5 is a view showing a temperature distribution $ of a curve which is a downward convex curve, a temperature distribution γ which is a linear shape, and a temperature distribution Z which is a curve which is a convex curve. In the present invention, the reason why the temperature distribution in the smoking chamber is controlled to be 321211 7 201013129 as a straight line or a downward convex curve will be described in more detail. It is often considered that when there is a temperature difference in the suction chamber, the air rises, so the temperature difference near the floor and the ceiling itself is more important than the shape of the temperature distribution. However, according to the research by the inventor of the present invention, even if there is a temperature difference between the ceiling and the ceiling, when the shape of the temperature distribution is convex (X in Fig. 5), due to the vicinity of the ceiling and the living area The temperature difference is small 'so the suction surface produces _ rises to the vicinity of the ceiling and will spread again and sink to the living area. As a result of various studies to improve this phenomenon, it has been found that even under the same exhaust gas supply and exhaust conditions, even if the temperature difference from the floor to the ceiling itself is small, it can be prevented by controlling the shape of the temperature distribution to be convex. Once again, the smoke reaching the ceiling again spreads the brigade and sinks to the residential area. As described above, in order to solve the problem of creating a good smoking environment, in the smoking room of the present invention, as shown in Fig. 5, the temperature distribution is controlled to a convex shape. Further, as a result of the study by the inventors of the present invention, it has been found that the heat generating body (hereinafter referred to as the ceiling heating element) can be provided in the vicinity of the ceiling to the ceiling as a means for controlling the temperature distribution to the shape of the lower convex. In addition, the experimental results when the fluorine exchange mode generated by the gas supply from the vent is applied to the smoking chamber of the present invention is used. I-l implementation ^_ illustrates the implementation of the replacement ventilation mode in the smoker of the present invention. 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。. Figure 6 shows the position of the air supply and exhaust ports of the smoking room. As shown in Fig. 6, a door 51 is provided on one wall surface of the smoking room 50. Below the wall surface facing the door 51 of the smoking room 50, a gas supply port for replacement ventilation 52 (manufactured by FLECT Co., Ltd., model: FMH. 062.400) is provided. A plurality of exhaust ports 53 are provided in the ceiling of the smoking room 50. The air that has been conditioned by 2TC is supplied from the replacement air supply port 52 to the smoking chamber 50, and is exhausted from the exhaust port 53 provided in the ceiling. Lu is in the smoking room 50, and is equipped with a thermal manikin that mimics the human body to replace the smoker. Thermal energy test The human body model assumes that there is one person with a maximum of 2 cm2, and a total of nine are set. The calorific value of the human body model for thermal energy testing is i〇〇w/. In order to control the shape of the temperature distribution in the smoking room 50, nine ceiling heating elements are provided. Fig. 7 is a view showing the structure of a ceiling heating body. The ceiling heating element 60 is attached to the glass bulb 61 in which the aluminum heat sink is provided in the lower half, and the white heat lamp 62 is inserted. The heating element 60 is provided so that the distance from the center to the ceiling plate is 30αη. The output of the one white heat lamp 62 is 100W. The total output of the nine white heat lamps 62 is 900f. As shown in Fig. 8, nine heat generating bodies 6 are equally disposed as seen from the ceiling of the smoking room 50. By setting the dedicated heating element to ΟΝ/OFF, the shape of the temperature distribution in the smoking chamber can be changed. (Cigarette Burning Condition) The average number of cigarettes burned in the smoking room was set to 3/h/m2. In the present embodiment, 54 cigarettes are burned every hour. As for the combustion method, 9 321211 201013129, the operation of simultaneously burning 9 cigarettes at the same time is repeated six times without interruption. In addition, regarding the evaluation of smoking rooms, it is necessary to consider the smoke spit generated along with smoking. However, in the present embodiment, since it is intended to evaluate the ventilation capacity of the smoking room, the ventilation capacity can be compared only with the sidestream smoke, and only the sidestream smoke is used for the experiment. As shown in Fig. 9, the k ceiling is seen, and the burning position μ of the cigarette is set as the center of the smoking room 50. The height of the burning position is set to be 1. lm from the floor. Regarding the burning position of cigarettes, the distribution of smokers should be considered. At this time, in the present embodiment, the purpose of evaluating the ventilation capacity of the smoking room was to carry out the experiment by fixing the burning position of the cigarette to the center of the smoking chamber. (Dust concentration measurement position) As shown in Fig. 9, from the ceiling, the dust meter 71 is installed at four points in the middle of the line connecting the center of the smoking chamber 5〇 and the four corners. The *2 degree of the dust meter 71 represents the living area (breathing area), and the height is set to be 1.4 m away from the floor. In the dust meter 71, the dust concentration was measured instantaneously using a pressure level balancer (M0DEL35U, manufactured by Kansmax Co., Ltd., Japan). The dust concentration is continuously measured until the dust concentration reaches zero by the ventilation after the generation of the dust. The measured values of the four points in the room are converted into the amount of dust per hour, and the measured values of the four points are averaged to be the average amount of dust per hour in the room. The assessment is: the lower the dust concentration in the living area (1.4m), the more comfortable the smoking space for smokers 321211 10 201013129. The comfort of the smoking space was compared under various experimental conditions. (Indoor temperature measurement position) As shown in Fig. 9, the four points which are the same as the installation position of the dust meter 71 are set as the thermometer installation position as seen from the ceiling. At each measurement position, thermometers were respectively set at four height positions of 0. 05m, 0. 14m, 2. 4m, and 2.69m from the floor. Therefore, the temperature measurement point has a total of 16 points. For the thermometer, an E thermocouple was used to connect the E thermocouple to a mobile temperature recorder (manufactured by Japan Keens Co., Ltd., NR-1000) for measurement. The values of the four points of the measurement point at the same height are averaged to obtain the temperature in the direction of the indoor direction. (Ventilation conditions) As shown in Table 1, the amount of ventilation is set to 570, 1100 or 2000 [m3 / h], and the number of ventilations is set to 11. 7, 22.6 or 44.1 [times / h] . For the reference of the ventilation conditions, the mixed ventilation method is measured under the conditions of A to C. In the mixed ventilation method, the air conditioner installed on the ceiling is operated to mix the air in the room with the smoke, and the temperature distribution in the room and the dust concentration are measured in the same manner. Other measurement conditions are as described above. In the displacement ventilation mode, the conditions of D to I shown in Table 1 were used as the ventilation conditions. The ceiling heating element is turned on or off in a state where the heat test human body model is heated. Under these conditions, the dust concentration and the shape of the temperature distribution were compared. 11 321211 201013129 [Table i]
換氣量 換氣次數 混合換氣 置換換氣 [m3/h] [次/h] 方式 天花板發熱體 OFF 天花板發熱體 ON 570 11.7 A D G 1100 22.6 B E Η 2000 41· 1 C F IAir exchange rate Air exchange frequency Mixed air exchange Replacement air exchange [m3/h] [Times/h] Method Ceiling heating element OFF Ceiling heating element ON 570 11.7 A D G 1100 22.6 B E Η 2000 41· 1 C F I
[結果] 說明於上述測定條件及換氣條件下進行實驗的結果。 第10圖係於表1之A的條件（即混合換氣方式）下， 將換氣次數設為時之居住區域（高度l 4m)之 粉塵濃度的增減率致為Q來表示。此處，以增減率表示粉 ，濃度係因當吸煙根數改變時，粉塵浪度會大幅改變，但 右以某條件下之粉塵濃度作為基準並以增減率來表示的 話，即便吸聽數改變Φ可進行比較之故。 如第10圖的D、E、F所示，得知當應用置換換氣方式 時，即使天花板發熱體為OFF，亦比愿合換氣方式更可降 t住區域的粉塵濃度。此係如上所述置換換氣方式於污 染空氣的換氣方面可發揮作用。更且，如第10圖之G、Η、 所示彳于知^應用置換換氣方式，j_將天花板發熱體設 為0N時，於各換氣次數中更可進-步降低粉塵濃度。 由觀察結果得知，當第10圖所示之居住區域之粉塵濃 度的降低率為大約Q.8左右時，居住㈣的粉塵濃度極 低’對吸煙者而言可以說是舒適的吸燦空間。 繼之，就各條件之無因次化溫度分布的形狀進行說 12 321211 201013129 明。在應用置換換氣方式的實驗中，於相同的換氣次數下， 將天花板發熱體設為0N或OFF來作比較。圖中的記號係對 應於表1的各換氣條件。 第11圖係表示換氣次數為117[次/11]之1)與（；的比 較。第12圖係表示換氣次數為22.6[次/h]之£與u的比 較。第13圖係表示換氣次數為41，1 [次/h]之ρ與I的比 較。 _ 如弟Η圖所示，得知當換氣次數為11.7[次/h]時， 於將天花板發熱體設為OFF的條件D下，溫度分布成為上 凸的形狀，於將天花板發熱體設為0N的條件G下，溫度分 布的形狀控制為下凸。因此，如第1〇圖所示，在條件G 下可使居住區域的粉塵濃度大幅降低。 如第12圖所示，當換氣次數為22· 6[次/h]時，於將 天花板發熱體設為OFF的條件E下，溫度分布亦成為下凸 的形狀。此被認為：由於條件E下，熱能測試用人體模型 © 的發熱量與換氣量亦適當地取得平衡，故溫度分布成為下 凸的形狀。 於條件E之情況，由於滿足温度分布成為下 的要件，故粉塵濃度的降低率較大。然而，在實防之形狀 室中，因應吸煙者的人數或室内的形狀等各種因=的吸煃 是相同的換氣量’溫度分布的形狀也會改變。 、即便 因此，為了更強制地使溫度分布成為下凸的/ 天花板發熱體設為0N乃可發揮效果。如第12圖V狀’將 的結果所示，相較於條件E，可將溫度分布形成=件Η 32l2ll 13 201013129 的形狀。因此，如第ίο圖所示，相較於天花板發熱體為 OFF的條件E，天花板發熱體為ON的條件Η更可使粉塵濃 度進一步降低。 如上所述，當換氣次數為22. 6次時，即便天花板發熱 體為OFF，只要藉由室内的發熱量或換氣量，將溫度分布 控制為下凸的形狀，即可降低粉塵濃度。再者，由於只要 將天花板發熱體設為0N時，即可使溫度分布成為更下凸的 形狀，所以可使粉塵濃度更進一步降低。又，若將天花板 發熱體設為0N而強制地使溫度分布形成為下凸的形狀，則 不易受到吸煙者的增減或門的開關之干擾的影響。 再者，由第13圖及第10圖得知，換氣次數為41. 1 [次 /h]之條件F及I，亦與換氣次數為22. 6 [次/h]之條件E 及Η具有同樣的傾向。如上所述，不論換氣次數為幾次， 只要溫度分布為下凸的形狀，即可獲得粉塵濃度降低之效 果。 第2實施型態 說明於本發明之吸煙室應用來自通風口的供氣所產生 之換氣方式的實施型態。 (吸煙室與實驗條件） 使用於實驗的吸煙室係與應用置換換氣方式的第1實 施型態同樣，地板面積為寬度3m、長度6m之18m2、天花 板高度為2. 7m、室内容積為48. 6m3。 第14圖係表示吸煙室的供氣口及排氣口的位置。於吸 煙室50的一個壁面設有門51。於與吸煙室50之門51的 14 32·12 Π 201013129 某壁面鄰_壁面下方設有軌 空氣。诵® n r , 34 攸通風口 54供給 工孔通風〇54的高度為〇妯， ^ 2 2m2,诵涵n n ^風口 54的總面積為 “m通風口54的開口率為 々 地，於吸煙室5〇的夹Κ士/與第1貫施型態同樣 150的天化板设有多數拼氣口 53。 由於來自通風口 54的供氣會使 空氣多少u 使及煙至50内減壓，故 夕夕會攸位於門51周邊的間隙声 ❹ 54的供氣量相、机，但與來自通風口 空氣極少 從位於門51周麵_流入的 設置位置、人體模型的設置位置、天花板發熱體的 叹置位置|煙燃燒條件、香煙 =度測定位置設成與第丨實施錢_之^3、 (換氣條件） 斤不換氣量及換氣次數係與第1實施型態的 ❹之A至二^ ’作為換氣條件的基準使用之混合換氣方式 之A至C的條件亦與表j同樣。 I來自姐π的供氣所產生的絲方式巾，係使用表 所示之J至〇的條件作為換氣條件。在來自通風口的供 氣所產生的換氣方式中，於使熱能測試用人體模型發熱的 狀悲下’將天花板發熱體設為〇Ν或〇FF。於此等條件下， 比較粉塵濃度及溫度分布的形狀。 15 321211 201013129 [表2] 換氣量 [m3/h] 換氣次數 [次/h] 混合換氣 古4 來自通風口的供氣所產生的 - 氣方式 穴化敬發熱體 OFF 天花板 ON 570 1 11.7 A Τ' 1100 22.6 B --—. K 2000 41.1 C ΪΓ~~ [結果] 說明於上述的測定條件及換氣條件下進行實驗的結 果0 第15圖係於表2之A的條件下（即混合換氣方式）下 將換氣次數為11.7[次/h]時之居住區域（高度14m)之’ 塵濃度的增減率設為〇來表示 ^ 如第15圖之J、K、L所示，得知當應用來自通風〇的 供氣所產生的換氣方式時，即使天花板發熱體為〇FF，亦' 比混合換氣方式更可降低居住區域的粉塵濃度。然而，柃 天花板發熱體為OFF之情況時，於換氣次數為u. 7[次/' h]的條件J及22.6[次/h]的條件Κτ，未顯示出成為奸 適之吸煙空間的標準之〇·8左右的粉塵濃度降低率。另〜 方面，得知於將天花板發熱體設為0Ν的條件Μ、Ν、0之悴 況時，無論是哪-種換氣次數，均比天花板發熱體為 之情況更可降低居住區域的粉塵濃度。 繼之，就各條件之無因次化溫度分布的形狀進行說 明。在應用來自通風口的供氣所產生之換氣方式的實铃 中，於相同的換氣次數下，將天花板發熱體設為0N或〇冲 201013129 來進行比較。圖中的記號係對應於表2的各換氣條件。 第16圖係表示換氣次數為Π·7[次/h]之J與Μ的比 較。第17圖係表示換氣次數為22. 6[次/h]之Κ與Ν的比 較。第18圖係表示換氣次數為41. 1 [次/h]之L與〇的比 較。 、 如第16圖所示’得知當換氣次數為11.7[次/h]時， 於將天花板發熱體設為OFF的條件J下，溫度分布為上凸 的形狀，但於將天花板發熱體設為0N的條件μ下，溫度分 布的形狀控制為下凸。因此’如第15圖所示，相較於條件 J，條件Μ可使居住區域的粉塵》農度更進一步降低。 如第17圖所示，得知當換氣次數為22_ 6[次/h]時， 於將天花板發熱體設為OFF的條件K下，溫度分布為上凸 的形狀，但於將天花板發熱體設為〇N的條件N下，溫度分 布的形狀控制為下凸。因此’如第15圖所示，相較：：： K，條件N可使居住區域的粉塵濃度更進一步降低。 • 如第18圖所示’當換氣次數為41.1[次，由於 即使於將天花板發熱體設為0FF的條件乙下，溫度分布亦 成為下凸的形狀，所以可將居住區域的粉塵“二得^ 低。此外，於將天花板發熱體設為〇N的條件〇下，可強制 地使溫度分布成為更下凸的形狀。因此，如第15圖所干得 知’相較於條件L，條件〇可使粉塵濃度更進一 雖然降低程度报小。 - 如上所述，當在本發明的吸煙室應用來自通風口的供 給所產生的換氣方式時，無論換氣次數為幾次，藉由將無 321211 17 201013129 因次化溫度分布控制為下凸的形狀，皆比混合換氣方式更 能夠使居住區域的粉塵濃度降低。 第3實施型態 將溫度分布控制為下凸的形狀，並且進行變更天花板 發熱體的發熱量之實驗。表3係表示實驗條件。第19圖係 表示實驗結果。第19圖係表示在各換氣條件中，天花板和 距天花板50cm之下方位置的溫度差、與居住區域之粉塵濃 度的關係。室内的寬廣度、香煙的燃燒條件、測定條件等 的其他實驗條件係與第1及第2實施型態相同。 [表3] 換氣條件 換氣量 [m3/h] 換氣次數 [次/h] 發熱體的發熱量 (9個全發熱量）[w] 3-1 置換換氣 570 11.7 0, 97, 324, 540, 900 3-2 置換換氣 1100 22. 6 0, 97, 324, 540, 900 3-3 通風口 1100 22. 6 0,97,324,540, 900 如第19圖所示，得知只要天花板與距天花板5Ocm之 下方位置的溫度差為0. 5°C以上，無論是哪一個換氣條件 均可充分地降低居住區域的粉塵濃度。由此得知，為了使 居住區域的粉塵濃度降低，除了在天花板附近設置發熱 體，並將溫度分布控制為相對於高度方向成為下凸的形狀 外，最好將天花板與距天花板50cm之下方位置的溫度差確 保在0. 5°C以上。 第4實施型態 作為吸煙室的指南，於日本厚生勞動省所發表之「分 18 321211 201013129 煙效果判定基準策定檢討會報告書」（2002年6月7日厚 生勞働省報導發表資料、http : //www. mhlw. go. jp/houdou/2002/06/h0607〜3· html)中記 ❺ 載有：就煙不會洩漏至非吸煙空間的觀點而言，為了充分 地確保分煙空間，以在吸煙場所與非吸煙場所的交界確保 特定的空氣流速（以下稱為交界流速）為佳。因此，針對可 一邊確保交界流速，一邊將吸煙室内的環境保持良好的技 術進行檢討。室内的寬廣度、香煙的燃燒條件、測定條件 等的其他實驗條件係與第1至第3實施型態相同。 於上述「分煙效果判定基準策定檢討會報告書」中， 有打開門以確保交界流速、以及使用布簾等的建議。然而， 若考量到凌有門的吸煙室較少、或使用布廉會對人的移動 造成不便時’此等方法並不實用。 ❹ ^又，關閉門時，通常是經由設置於門的通風口進行供 氣。若在打開門的狀態下確保交界流速，則關閉門時，來 自面積較小的通風口之供氣的流速會變得非常大。因此， 可預料到吸煙室内的環境會大幅受到干擾。 第20圖（a)係說明於關閉門51的狀態下來自通風口 55的供氣所產生的換氣之圈。第2〇圖化）係說明於打開門 51的狀態下之換氣的圖。門.51的面積為〇.85mxl.8ni = 53m2。若於打開該面積之門5i的狀態下，確保交界流速 時，換氣量為11〇〇 m3,對象之吸煙室5〇中的換 人數為22.6次/h。夠定於該換氣量下門開關時之居住 區域的粉麈濃度。第20圖（c)係表示於門關閉之條件4— r 19 321211 201013129 及門打開之條件4 — 2下之居住區域的粉塵濃度。 如第20圖（c)所示，於打開門進行供氣並確保交界流 速0. 2m/s之情況（4 —2)，粉塵濃度為0. 05mg/m3左右。 然而，於關閉門並從門通風口進行供氣之情況（4—1)，由 於供氣的流速較大，故室内成為混合狀態，居住區域的粉 塵濃度會變高。 為了解決此種問題，有提案一種可一邊控制高度方向 之溫度分布的形狀以使室内空間保持良好，一邊確保交界 流速之吸煙室。 第21圖係表示該吸煙室之斜視圖。於該吸煙室50的 一個壁面設有設有拉門形式的門51。於與吸煙室50之門 51之某壁面鄰接之壁面的下方設有室内導氣管 (due t) 56，於室内導氣管56的側面設有通風口 57。室内 導氣管56的供氣口係設置於拉門形式之門51的附近，將 門51打開時，室内導氣管56的供氣口會關閉，將門51 關閉時，室内導氣管56的供氣口會開啟。於吸煙室50的 天花板設有9個天花板發熱體60。藉由將天花板發熱體60 設為ON，將吸煙室50内的溫度分布控制為相對於高度方 向為下凸之形狀。 將門51打開時，室内導氣管56的供氣口會被關閉， 並以0. 2m/s以上的交界流速從所打開的門進行供氣。 又，使用設置於室内的排氣機構從排氣口 53進行排氣。此 時，係以第三種換氣方式進行換氣。將門51關閉時，室内 導氣管56的供氣口會被打開，並使用設置於室内的供氣機 20 321211 201013129 構使吸煙室外的空氣以0.2in/s以上的交界流速通過室内 導氣管56而從通風口 57供給到吸煙室5〇内。又，使用設 置於室内的排氣機構從排氣口 53進行排氣。此時，以第一 種換氣方式進行換氣。因此，在第21圖的吸煙室中，係併 用第一種換氣方式與第二種換氣方式來進行換氣。 第22圖係表示測定第21圖之吸煙室内的環境之結 果。與上述條件同樣地，門51的面積丨.5^2，於打開門 ❹51的狀態下交界流速〇.2m/s、換氣量11003m3、換氣次 數22.6次/h。此時，由於將門通風口堵塞住，故沒有來 自門通風口的供氣。第22圖的條件4—i及4 — 2的結果係 與第20圖（c)相同。亦即，條件4—丨係關閉門而從門通風 口進行供氣之情況，條件4—2係打開門而進行供氣之情 況。然而，條件4—1的粉塵濃度為〇 4mg/m3，實際上超 過第22圖之縱軸的最大值〇. 2mg/m3。第22圖之條件*。 —3的結果係表示在第21圖的吸煙室中關閉門而通過室内 ©導氣管及通風口進行供氣之情況。 由第22圖的結果得知，相較於第2〇圖之情況，在第 21圖的吸煙室中’因門的開關所產生之粉塵濃度的差更 小。而且，得知在第21圖的吸煙室中，關閉門的條件4〜 3比打開門的條件4— 2更可使居住區域的粉塵濃度變小， 可使居住區域的環境變得更良好。 >由以上得知’藉由將吸煙室内的溫度分布控制為相對 於高度方向為下凸的形狀，可將居住區域的粉塵濃度抑制 侍更低，可貫現確保交界流速之規格的吸煙室。 321211 21 201013129 此外，以上之實施型態所示之吸煙室的形狀、‘地板面 積、供氣口或排氣口的位置僅為實施用的一例，並非用來 限制本發明者。 又，關於以上之實施型態所示的天花板發熱體，只要 可將溫度分布控制為下凸的形狀即可，關於發熱方式、發 熱體的形狀、發熱量等，本發明中並未所有限制。 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖係混合換氣方式之說明圖。 第2圖係地板下換氣方式之說明圖。 第3圖係置換換氣方式之說明圖。 第4圖係來自通風口的供氣所產生的換氣方式之說明 圖。 第5圖係表示與室内之地板相距之高度與無因次化溫 度的關係。 第6圖係適用第1實施型態之置換換氣方式之吸煙室 的斜視圖。 第7圖係表示天花板發熱體的斜視圖。 第8圖係表示天花板發熱體的位置之俯視圖 第9圖係表示香煙燃燒位置及粉塵儀的位置之俯視 圖。 第10圖係表示第1實施型態之吸煙室之粉塵濃度的 降低率之圖。 第11圖係表示在第1實施型態的吸煙室中，於換氣 次數為11.7[次/h]的條件下之無因次化溫度分布的圖。 22 321211 201013129 第12圖係表示在第1實施型態的吸煙室中，於換氣 次數為22.6[次/h]的條件下之無因次化溫度分布的圖。 第13圖係表示在第1實施型態的吸煙室中，於換氣 次數為41. 1[次/h]的條件下之無因次化溫度分布的圖。 第14圖係適用第2實施型態之來自通風口的供氣所 產生的換氣方式之吸煙室的斜視圖。 第15圖係表示第2實施型態之吸煙室之粉塵濃度的 降低率之圖。 ¥ 第16圖係表示在第2實施型態的吸煙室中，於換氣 次數為11.7[次/h]的條件下之無因'次化溫度分布的圖。 第17圖係表示在第2實施型態的吸煙室中，於換氣 次數為22. 6[次/h]的條件下之無因次化溫度分布的圖。 第18圖係表示在第2實施型態之吸煙室中，於換氣 次數41.1[次/h]的條件下之無因次化溫度分布的圖。 第19圖係表示在第3實施型態之吸煙室中，天花板 ❹ 與距天花板50cm之下方位置的溫度差、及居住區域之粉塵 濃度的關係之圖。 第20圖（a)至（c)係針對第4實施型態的吸煙室，說 明於關閉門的狀態下來自門通風口的供氣所產生的換氣之 圖，說明於打開門的狀態下的換氣之圖，及表示於門關閉 的條件4—1及門打開的條件4_2下之居住區域的粉塵濃 度之圖。 第21圖係第4實施型態之其他吸煙室的斜視圖。 第22圖係針對第4實施型態之其他吸煙室，表示於 23 321211 201013129 ―2、及門關閉且透過 4—3下之居住區域 門關閉的條件4一 1、門打開的條件& 室内導氣管及通風口進行供氣的條件 的粉塵濃度之圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 10、50 吸煙室 12、15、Π 供氣口 14 空調用地板 51 F1 56 室内導氣管 61 玻璃球 70 燃燒位置 空調器 13、16、18、53 排氣口 19、54、57 通風口 52 置換換氣用供氣口 ^ 天花板發熱體 62 白熱燈 71 粉塵儀 321211[Results] The results of experiments conducted under the above measurement conditions and ventilation conditions will be described. Fig. 10 is a graph showing the increase or decrease of the dust concentration in the living area (height l 4m) when the number of air changes is set to the condition of A in Table 1 (i.e., the mixed air exchange mode). Here, the increase or decrease rate indicates the powder. The concentration is due to the change in the number of cigarettes, and the dust wave degree will change greatly. However, if the right dust concentration is used as a reference and the rate is increased or decreased, even if it is absorbed. The number change Φ can be compared. As shown in D, E, and F of Fig. 10, it is known that when the displacement ventilation method is applied, even if the ceiling heating element is OFF, the dust concentration in the area can be lowered more than the wishing ventilation mode. This replaces the ventilation mode as described above and functions in the ventilation of the contaminated air. Further, as shown in Fig. 10, G, Η, and 知 ^ 应用 应用 应用 应用 应用 应用 应用 应用 应用 应用 应用 应用 应用 应用 应用 应用 应用 应用 应用 应用 应用 应用 应用 应用 应用 应用 应用 应用 应用 应用 应用 应用 应用 应用 应用 应用 应用 应用 应用 应用 应用 应用It is known from the observation that when the reduction rate of the dust concentration in the residential area shown in Fig. 10 is about Q.8, the dust concentration of the residence (4) is extremely low, which is a comfortable suction space for the smoker. . Then, the shape of the dimensionless temperature distribution of each condition is said to be 12 321211 201013129. In the experiment in which the displacement ventilation method was applied, the ceiling heating element was set to 0N or OFF for comparison under the same number of ventilation times. The symbols in the figure correspond to the respective ventilation conditions of Table 1. Fig. 11 shows a comparison of the number of air exchanges of 117 [times/11] and (). Fig. 12 shows the comparison of £ and the degree of ventilation with 22.6 [times/h]. Indicates that the number of air changes is 41,1 [times/h] and ρ is compared with I. _ As shown in the figure, when the number of air changes is 11.7 [times/h], the ceiling heating element is set to In the condition D of OFF, the temperature distribution becomes a convex shape, and the shape of the temperature distribution is controlled to be convex under the condition G in which the ceiling heating element is set to 0 N. Therefore, as shown in Fig. 1, under the condition G The dust concentration in the living area can be greatly reduced. As shown in Fig. 12, when the number of air changes is 22.6 [times/h], the temperature distribution becomes lower under the condition E where the ceiling heating element is turned OFF. The shape of the convex shape is considered to be: due to the condition E, the heat generation and the amount of ventilation of the human body model for the thermal energy test are appropriately balanced, so that the temperature distribution becomes a convex shape. In the case of the condition E, the temperature is satisfied. The distribution becomes the next requirement, so the dust concentration reduction rate is large. However, in the shape chamber of the actual defense, the smoker's The number of chambers, the shape of the room, and the like are the same amount of ventilation. The shape of the temperature distribution also changes. Even so, in order to force the temperature distribution to be convex, the ceiling heating element is set to 0N. The effect can be exerted. As shown by the result of Fig. 12 V-shaped, the temperature distribution can be formed into the shape of the piece Η 32l2ll 13 201013129 compared to the condition E. Therefore, as shown in Fig. ίο, compared to the ceiling When the heating element is OFF, the condition of the ceiling heating element is ON, and the dust concentration is further lowered. As described above, when the number of air changes is 26.2 times, even if the ceiling heating element is OFF, it is only required to be indoors. The heat generation amount or the air exchange amount can be controlled to a lower convex shape to reduce the dust concentration. Further, since the ceiling heating element is set to 0N, the temperature distribution can be made into a more convex shape. Therefore, the dust concentration can be further reduced. Further, if the ceiling heating element is set to 0N and the temperature distribution is forcibly formed into a downward convex shape, it is less likely to be affected by the increase or decrease of the smoker or the interference of the door switch. In addition, as shown in Fig. 13 and Fig. 10, the condition of the air exchange is 41. 1 [times/h], the conditions F and I, and the number of air changes are 22.6 [times/h]. E and Η have the same tendency. As described above, the effect of reducing the dust concentration can be obtained as long as the number of air changes is several times as long as the temperature distribution is a convex shape. The second embodiment is described in the smoking room of the present invention. The implementation of the ventilation method by the supply of air from the vents (smoking room and experimental conditions) The smoking room used in the experiment is the same as the first embodiment in which the displacement ventilation method is applied, and the floor area is the width. 5m, the length of the 6m, 18m2, the height of the ceiling is 2. 7m, the indoor volume is 48.6m3. Figure 14 shows the position of the air supply port and the air outlet of the smoking room. A door 51 is provided on one wall surface of the smoking chamber 50. Rail air is placed underneath the wall wall adjacent to the wall of the door 51 of the smoking room 50, 51 32·12 Π 201013129.诵® nr , 34 攸 vent 54 supply hole vent 54 height 〇妯, ^ 2 2m2, 诵 nn ^ 风 54 total area is "m vent 54 opening rate 々 ,, in the smoking room The 5 〇 Κ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / In the evening, the air supply amount of the gap sonar 54 around the door 51 is relatively high, and the air from the ventilating opening is rarely sighed from the installation position of the door 51 on the circumferential surface of the door 51, the installation position of the mannequin, and the heating element of the ceiling. Positioning|Smoke combustion condition, cigarette=degree measurement position is set to be the same as the third implementation of the money _^^, (ventilation conditions) jin does not change the amount of ventilation and the number of ventilations and the first embodiment of the ❹A to The condition of A to C of the mixed ventilation method used as the reference for the ventilation condition is also the same as that of the table j. I. The silk towel produced by the gas supply of the sister π is the J to 使用 shown in the use table. The condition is used as a ventilation condition. In the ventilation mode generated by the air supply from the vent, the thermal energy is measured. Use the human body model to generate heat and set the ceiling heating element to 〇Ν or 〇FF. Under these conditions, compare the dust concentration and the shape of the temperature distribution. 15 321211 201013129 [Table 2] Air exchange volume [m3/h The number of air changes [times / h] Mixed air exchange 4 The air supply from the vents - Gas mode hole heating heating body OFF Ceiling ON 570 1 11.7 A Τ ' 1100 22.6 B ---. K 2000 41.1 C ΪΓ~~ [Results] Explain the results of the experiment under the above-mentioned measurement conditions and ventilation conditions. Fig. 15 is the condition that the air exchange rate is 11.7 under the condition of A in Table 2 (that is, the mixed ventilation method). At the time of the second/h], the increase/decrease rate of the dust concentration in the living area (height 14m) is set to ^ to indicate ^ as shown in Fig. 15, J, K, and L, and it is known that when the air supply from the air vent is applied In the case of the ventilation mode, even if the ceiling heating element is 〇FF, it can reduce the dust concentration in the living area more than the mixed ventilation method. However, when the ceiling heating element is OFF, the number of ventilations is u. The condition J of 7 [times/'h] and the condition Κτ of 22.6 [times/h] did not show that smoking became a traitor In the case of the space standard, the dust concentration reduction rate of about 8 is used. In other cases, it is known that when the ceiling heating element is set to 0 Μ, Ν, 0, regardless of the type of ventilation, The dust concentration in the living area can be reduced even more than the case of the ceiling heating element. Next, the shape of the dimensionless temperature distribution of each condition will be described. The ventilation method generated by applying the air supply from the vent is real. In the bell, the ceiling heating element is set to 0N or the buffer 201013129 for comparison under the same number of air changes. The symbols in the figure correspond to the respective ventilation conditions of Table 2. Fig. 16 shows a comparison of J and enthalpy of the number of air changes of Π·7 [times/h]. Figure 17 shows the comparison of enthalpy and enthalpy after the number of air changes is 22.6 [times/h]. Figure 18 shows a comparison of L and enthalpy of the number of air changes of 41.1 [times/h]. As shown in Fig. 16, when the number of air changes is 11.7 [times/h], the temperature distribution is convex in the condition J where the ceiling heating element is turned off, but the ceiling heating element is used. Under the condition μ set to 0N, the shape of the temperature distribution is controlled to be convex. Therefore, as shown in Fig. 15, compared with the condition J, the condition Μ can further reduce the dust of the living area. As shown in Fig. 17, when the number of air changes is 22_6 [times/h], the temperature distribution is convex in the condition K where the ceiling heating element is turned off, but the ceiling heating element is used. Under the condition N set to 〇N, the shape of the temperature distribution is controlled to be convex. Therefore, as shown in Fig. 15, compared with ::: K, the condition N can further reduce the dust concentration in the living area. • As shown in Fig. 18, when the number of air changes is 41.1 [times, since the temperature distribution becomes a convex shape even under the condition that the ceiling heating element is set to 0FF, the dust in the living area can be "two." In addition, in the condition that the ceiling heating element is set to 〇N, the temperature distribution can be forcibly made into a more convex shape. Therefore, as shown in Fig. 15, it is known that 'compared to the condition L, The condition 〇 can make the dust concentration more advanced, although the degree of reduction is small. - As described above, when the ventilation mode generated by the supply from the vent is applied in the smoking room of the present invention, regardless of the number of air changes several times, By controlling the secondary temperature distribution to a lower convex shape, the dust concentration of the living area can be reduced more than the mixed ventilation mode. The third embodiment controls the temperature distribution to a convex shape and performs The experiment of changing the calorific value of the ceiling heating element is shown in Table 3. The experimental conditions are shown in Table 3. The experimental results are shown in Fig. 19. The 19th figure shows the ceiling and the position below 50 cm from the ceiling in each ventilation condition. The relationship between the temperature difference and the dust concentration in the living area. The other experimental conditions such as the indoor width, the burning condition of the cigarette, and the measurement conditions are the same as those in the first and second embodiments. [Table 3] Ventilation conditions Quantity [m3/h] Number of air changes [times/h] Heat generated by the heating element (9 full heat) [w] 3-1 Replacement ventilation 570 11.7 0, 97, 324, 540, 900 3-2 Replacement Ventilation 1100 22. 6 0, 97, 324, 540, 900 3-3 Vent 1100 22. 6 0,97,324,540, 900 As shown in Figure 19, the temperature difference between the ceiling and the position below 50 cm from the ceiling is known. When it is 0.5 ° C or more, the dust concentration in the living area can be sufficiently reduced regardless of the ventilation condition. Therefore, in order to reduce the dust concentration in the living area, in addition to providing a heating element near the ceiling, 5°C以上。 The temperature distribution is controlled to be a convex shape with respect to the height direction, and it is preferable to ensure that the temperature difference between the ceiling and the position below 50 cm from the ceiling is 0.5 ° C or more. The fourth embodiment is a guide for the smoking room. The Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare issued by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare issued a "18 321211 201013129 smoke effect Report of the Judgment Benchmarking Review Report (June 7, 2003, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare Reports, http: //www.mhlw.go.jp/houdou/2002/06/h0607~3·html) It is preferable that a specific air flow rate (hereinafter referred to as an interface flow velocity) is ensured at the boundary between a smoking place and a non-smoking place in order to sufficiently ensure the space for separating the cigarettes from the viewpoint that the smoke does not leak into the non-smoking space. Therefore, we will review the technology to maintain a good environment in the smoking room while ensuring the boundary flow rate. Other experimental conditions such as the breadth of the room, the burning condition of the cigarette, and the measurement conditions are the same as those of the first to third embodiments. In the "Report on the Judgment Review of the Dust Control Effect Determination", there is a suggestion to open the door to ensure the flow velocity of the junction and the use of curtains. However, it is not practical to consider if there are fewer smoking rooms in Lingmen, or if the use of Bulian will cause inconvenience to people's movement. ❹ ^ Again, when closing the door, it is usually supplied via a vent provided in the door. If the boundary flow rate is ensured while the door is open, the flow rate of the air supply from the smaller vent will become very large when the door is closed. Therefore, it is expected that the environment in the smoking room will be greatly disturbed. Fig. 20(a) is a view showing a ventilation ring generated by the air supply from the vent 55 in a state where the door 51 is closed. Fig. 2 is a view showing ventilation in a state where the door 51 is opened. The area of the door .51 is 〇.85mxl.8ni = 53m2. In the state where the door 5i of the area is opened, the air exchange rate is 11 〇〇 m3 when the boundary flow rate is secured, and the number of people changing in the smoking room 5 对象 is 22.6 times/h. The concentration of whitefly in the residential area when the door is opened and closed. Figure 20(c) shows the dust concentration in the residential area under conditions 4 - r 19 321211 201013129 and the condition of opening 4-2 of the door opening. As shown in Fig. 20(c), when the door is opened for gas supply and the boundary flow velocity is 0. 2m/s (4-2), the dust concentration is about 0.05 mg/m3. However, in the case where the door is closed and the air is supplied from the door vent (4-1), since the flow rate of the air supply is large, the indoors become a mixed state, and the dust concentration in the living area becomes high. In order to solve such a problem, there has been proposed a smoking room which can control the temperature distribution in the height direction to maintain the indoor space while ensuring the boundary flow velocity. Figure 21 is a perspective view showing the smoking room. A door 51 in the form of a sliding door is provided on one wall of the smoking room 50. An indoor air duct 56 is provided below the wall surface adjacent to a wall surface of the door 51 of the smoking room 50, and a vent 57 is provided on the side of the indoor air duct 56. The air supply port of the indoor air duct 56 is disposed in the vicinity of the door 51 in the form of a sliding door. When the door 51 is opened, the air supply port of the indoor air duct 56 is closed, and when the door 51 is closed, the air supply port of the indoor air duct 56 is Open. There are nine ceiling heating elements 60 on the ceiling of the smoking room 50. By setting the ceiling heating element 60 to ON, the temperature distribution in the smoking chamber 50 is controlled to be convex downward with respect to the height direction. When the door 51 is opened, the air supply port of the indoor air duct 56 is closed, and the air is supplied from the opened door at an interface flow rate of 0.2 m/s or more. Further, the exhaust mechanism is exhausted from the exhaust port 53 by using an exhaust mechanism provided in the room. At this time, ventilation is performed in the third ventilation mode. When the door 51 is closed, the air supply port of the indoor air duct 56 is opened, and the air outside the smoking room is configured to pass through the indoor air duct 56 at an interface flow rate of 0.2 in/s or more using the air supply unit 20 321211 201013129 installed in the room. It is supplied from the vent 57 into the smoking chamber 5A. Further, the exhaust port 53 is exhausted using an exhaust mechanism provided indoors. At this time, ventilation is performed in the first ventilation mode. Therefore, in the smoking room of Fig. 21, the first ventilation mode and the second ventilation mode are used for ventilation. Fig. 22 is a view showing the results of measuring the environment in the smoking room of Fig. 21. Similarly to the above conditions, the area of the door 51 is 55^2, and the boundary flow rate is 22 m/s, the air exchange amount is 11,003 m3, and the number of air changes is 22.6 times/h in the state where the door sill 51 is opened. At this time, since the door vent is blocked, there is no air supply from the door vent. The results of conditions 4 - i and 4 - 2 of Fig. 22 are the same as those of Fig. 20 (c). That is, condition 4 - the case where the door is closed and the air is supplied from the door vent, and condition 4-2 is the case where the door is opened to supply air. However, the dust concentration of the condition 4-1 is 〇 4 mg/m 3 , which actually exceeds the maximum value of the vertical axis of Fig. 22 〇 2 mg/m 3 . Condition of Figure 22*. The result of -3 indicates that the door is closed in the smoking room of Fig. 21 and the air is supplied through the indoor air duct and the vent. As is apparent from the results of Fig. 22, the difference in the dust concentration due to the switch of the door in the smoking room of Fig. 21 is smaller than that in the second drawing. Further, it has been found that in the smoking room of Fig. 21, the conditions 4 to 3 for closing the door are smaller than the conditions for opening the door 4-2, and the dust concentration in the living area is made smaller, so that the environment of the living area can be made better. > From the above, it is known that 'by controlling the temperature distribution in the smoking chamber to a shape that is convex downward with respect to the height direction, the dust concentration of the living area can be suppressed to be lower, and the smoking room that ensures the specification of the boundary flow rate can be realized. . 321211 21 201013129 In addition, the shape of the smoking room, the 'floor area, the air supply port, or the exhaust port' position shown in the above embodiment are merely examples for implementation, and are not intended to limit the inventors. Further, the ceiling heating element shown in the above embodiment is not limited as long as the temperature distribution can be controlled to a downward convex shape, and the heat generation method, the shape of the heat generator, the calorific value, and the like are not limited in the present invention. [Simple description of the drawing] Fig. 1 is an explanatory diagram of the mixed ventilation method. Figure 2 is an explanatory diagram of the ventilation mode under the floor. Fig. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a replacement ventilation method. Figure 4 is an illustration of the mode of ventilation produced by the air supply from the vent. Figure 5 shows the relationship between the height from the floor of the room and the dimensionless temperature. Fig. 6 is a perspective view showing a smoking chamber to which the displacement ventilation method of the first embodiment is applied. Fig. 7 is a perspective view showing a ceiling heating element. Fig. 8 is a plan view showing the position of the ceiling heating element. Fig. 9 is a plan view showing the position of the burning position of the cigarette and the position of the dust meter. Fig. 10 is a view showing the rate of decrease in the dust concentration in the smoking room of the first embodiment. Fig. 11 is a view showing the dimensionless temperature distribution under the condition that the number of ventilations is 11.7 [times/h] in the smoking chamber of the first embodiment. 22 321211 201013129 Fig. 12 is a view showing the dimensionless temperature distribution under the condition that the number of ventilations is 22.6 [times/h] in the smoking room of the first embodiment. Fig. 13 is a view showing the dimensionless temperature distribution under the condition that the number of ventilations is 41.1 [times/h] in the smoking chamber of the first embodiment. Fig. 14 is a perspective view showing a smoking chamber in a ventilation mode which is produced by the air supply from the vent according to the second embodiment. Fig. 15 is a graph showing the rate of decrease in the dust concentration in the smoking room of the second embodiment. Fig. 16 is a view showing the non-independent temperature distribution in the smoking chamber of the second embodiment in the case where the number of ventilations is 11.7 [times/h]. Fig. 17 is a view showing the dimensionless temperature distribution under the condition that the number of ventilations is 22.6 [times/h] in the smoking chamber of the second embodiment. Fig. 18 is a view showing the dimensionless temperature distribution under the condition of the number of ventilations of 41.1 [times/h] in the smoking room of the second embodiment. Fig. 19 is a view showing the relationship between the temperature difference between the ceiling ❹ and the position below the ceiling of 50 cm and the dust concentration in the living area in the smoking room of the third embodiment. Fig. 20 (a) to (c) are diagrams showing the ventilation of the air supply from the door vent in the state in which the door is closed, in the state in which the door is opened, in the state in which the door is opened. The map of the ventilation, and the dust concentration of the living area under the condition 4-1 of the door closing condition and the condition 4_2 of the door opening condition. Figure 21 is a perspective view of another smoking room of the fourth embodiment. Figure 22 is a view of the other smoking room of the fourth embodiment, which is shown in 23 321211 201013129 ―2, and the door is closed and the door of the living area is closed by 4-3. 4, the condition of the door opening & indoor A diagram of the dust concentration of the air supply pipe and the venting port for the condition of the air supply. [Main component symbol description] 10, 50 Smoking room 12, 15, Π Air supply port 14 Air conditioning floor 51 F1 56 Indoor air duct 61 Glass ball 70 Combustion position air conditioner 13, 16, 18, 53 Exhaust port 19, 54 , 57 Vents 52 Replacement air supply port for ventilation ^ Ceiling heating body 62 White heat lamp 71 Dust meter 321211