WO2013021466A1 - Smoking room ventilation method - Google Patents

Smoking room ventilation method Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013021466A1
WO2013021466A1 PCT/JP2011/068176 JP2011068176W WO2013021466A1 WO 2013021466 A1 WO2013021466 A1 WO 2013021466A1 JP 2011068176 W JP2011068176 W JP 2011068176W WO 2013021466 A1 WO2013021466 A1 WO 2013021466A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
air
ventilation
ceiling
smoking room
floor
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Application number
PCT/JP2011/068176
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
弦 佐久間
武 松村
康太 竹田
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日本たばこ産業株式会社
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Priority to PCT/JP2011/068176 priority Critical patent/WO2013021466A1/en
Publication of WO2013021466A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013021466A1/en

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00Ventilation
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00Ventilation
    • F24F7/04Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation
    • F24F7/06Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation with forced air circulation, e.g. by fan positioning of a ventilator in or against a conduit
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F8/00Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying
    • F24F8/95Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying specially adapted for specific purposes
    • F24F8/97Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying specially adapted for specific purposes for removing tobacco smoke
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00Ventilation
    • F24F2007/004Natural ventilation using convection
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2221/00Details or features not otherwise provided for
    • F24F2221/10Details or features not otherwise provided for combined with, or integrated in, furniture

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a ventilation method for a smoking room.
  • a mixed ventilation method in which air conditioning and ventilation are integrated is often adopted.
  • indoor air is mixed evenly by an air conditioner installed on the ceiling, and exhausted by air supply and exhaust.
  • the underfloor ventilation method is a method in which air-conditioned air is gently supplied from an indoor floor and exhausted from an exhaust port provided in or near the ceiling.
  • the replacement ventilation method is a method in which air-conditioned air is gently supplied from an air supply port for replacement ventilation provided on the floor and exhausted from an exhaust port provided near the ceiling or near the ceiling.
  • Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 7-63380 discloses an indoor air cleanup maintenance system.
  • This air cleanliness maintenance system includes a floor blowing chamber provided under the floor and capable of blowing upward, and a porous carpet having air permeability laid on the upper surface of the air blowing port.
  • the air intake port for exhausting indoor air is provided on the ceiling surface corresponding to the air outlet, ensuring the flow of indoor air from the floor to the ceiling, and hindering the diffusion of contaminated air in the horizontal direction.
  • the airflow control device is installed on, for example, a table, sucks ambient contaminated air, blows it out as a rising airflow toward the ceiling, and discharges it from the air suction port.
  • Such an air cleanliness maintenance system may cause cigarette smoke (dust) to diffuse back into the room before the rising airflow from the airflow control device reaches the discharge port.
  • the smoke discharged from the smoker is reduced while suppressing the ventilation amount of the entire smoking room.
  • a method for ventilating a smoking room in which the discharged smoke can be efficiently carried to an exhaust port and discharged before reaching a companion who faces the person.
  • a method of ventilating a smoking room is provided in which the heated air has a temperature higher than the temperature of the ceiling or the vicinity of the ceiling without air blowing from the table.
  • FIG. 1 is a top view showing a smoking room for verifying removal of dust caused by cigarette smoke.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of FIG.
  • FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of a table having an air blowing function installed in the smoking room of FIG.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the results of tobacco dust concentration by the ventilation method of Test Examples 1 to 3.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the tobacco dust concentration in the vicinity of the table in Test Examples 1 and 2.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a temperature distribution from the floor to the ceiling in underfloor ventilation.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a temperature distribution from the floor to the ceiling in replacement ventilation.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an event when a table is blown out into a smoking room having a temperature distribution from the floor toward the ceiling.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the temperature distribution in the smoking room and the effect of heating the table outlet.
  • FIG. 10 is a partial cross-sectional view of a table having a heated air blowing function installed in the smoking room of FIG.
  • FIG. 11 is a graph showing the results of tobacco dust concentrations by the ventilation methods of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3.
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the results of tobacco dust concentration by the ventilation method of Example 3 and Comparative Examples 4 and 5.
  • the ventilation method of the smoking room includes an air supply port provided near the floor or near the floor, an exhaust port provided near the ceiling or near the ceiling, a table installed on the floor and facing a person sitting on the floor,
  • This is a method of ventilating a smoking room provided with a strip-shaped outlet formed in the table so as to be parallel or substantially parallel to a direction perpendicular to a direction in which a person sitting is facing.
  • a gentle updraft is generated in the smoking room by supplying air from the air inlet near the floor or near the floor.
  • the updraft is exhausted through the ceiling or an outlet near the ceiling.
  • the heated air is blown out upward from a belt-like outlet of a table installed in the smoking room.
  • the band-shaped outlet is ⁇ formed on the table so as to be substantially parallel to '' the direction perpendicular to the person facing the person sitting on the basis of the line parallel to the direction perpendicular to the person facing the person sitting.
  • the table is formed in a state tilted by ⁇ 10 to + 10 ° with respect to the reference line.
  • the ventilation system using the air supply and exhaust is as follows: (a) An underfloor ventilation system in which air-conditioned air is gently supplied from the indoor floor and exhausted from an exhaust port provided near the ceiling or near the ceiling; (b) on the floor A replacement ventilation system in which air conditioned air is gently supplied from the provided replacement ventilation air supply port and exhausted from an exhaust port provided near the ceiling or near the ceiling, (c) supplied from a louver provided near the floor, A third type ventilation system that exhausts air from an exhaust port provided on or near the ceiling can be employed.
  • the ascending air flow is preferably set to a flow rate of 0.01 to 0.02 m / s.
  • the number of ventilations per hour in the smoking room is 40 times or less, more preferably 15 to 25 times. If the number of ventilations per hour in a smoking room exceeds 40, ventilation frequency increases, ventilation equipment becomes large, and ventilation costs may increase.
  • the blowing speed of the heated air from the strip-shaped air outlet of the table be 0.6 m / s or more in order to block the smoke discharged by the smoker from reaching the accompanying person. It is more preferable that the blowing speed of the heated air is 1.2 m / s or more in consideration of fluctuations in the breathing height of the table and the smoker and fluctuations in the discharge speed.
  • the upper limit of the blowing speed of the heated air is preferably 4 m / s.
  • the temperature of the heated air is set to be higher than the temperature at or near the ceiling without air blowing from the table.
  • the heated air is preferably set at a temperature 2 to 10 ° C. higher than the temperature at or near the ceiling.
  • cigarette smoke (dust) in the smoking room is placed on the air flow by supplying air from the air inlet near the floor or near the floor and generating a gentle updraft in the smoking room. It can be carried to the exhaust port and exhausted for ventilation.
  • a smoker and a companion for example, a non-smoker
  • the smoke discharged from the smoker faces due to a heated blow-off flow from the belt-shaped outlet of the table. It is possible to block the smoke before reaching the accompanying person, and at the same time, efficiently discharge the discharged smoke to the exhaust port. Furthermore, the discharged smoke can be discharged smoothly without increasing the ventilation amount of the entire smoking room.
  • FIG. 1 is a top view showing a smoking room for verifying the removal of dust caused by cigarette smoke
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of FIG.
  • Smoking room 1 has a floor 2 with an underfloor air supply structure. On the floor 2, a plurality of, for example, two tables 3a and 3b are arranged. A total of eight thermal mannequins 4 are installed on both sides of the floor 2 with the tables 3a and 3b interposed therebetween. One thermal mannequin 4 is also installed in front of the two tables 3a and 3b. That is, a total of nine thermal mannequins 4 are installed on the floor 2 of the smoking room 1.
  • the thermal mannequin 4 has a heat generation function (heat generation amount: 100 W / body) assuming that a person stays in the room.
  • the sidestream smoke / discharge smoke generator 5 is disposed on the thermal mannequin 4 at the left back of the right table 3b.
  • a plurality of, for example, three exhaust ports 6 are arranged on the ceiling 7 so as to be positioned immediately above the center of each table 3a, 3b and directly above the center between the tables 3a, 3b.
  • a fluorescent lamp for illumination is installed on the ceiling 7.
  • Each table 3a, 3b installed in the smoking room 1 has a box-shaped structure including a bottom plate 8, a top plate 9, and four side plates 10 as shown in FIG.
  • the two rectifying plates 11 a and 11 b are attached to the four side plates 10 in the tables 3 a and 3 b so as to be spaced apart from each other and parallel to the bottom plate 8.
  • the air supply port 12 is opened in the side plate 10 portion located between the bottom plate 8 and the lower rectifying plate 11a.
  • the suction fan 13 is disposed in communication with the air supply port 12 in the space between the bottom plate 8 and the lower rectifying plate 11a.
  • the strip-shaped outlet 14 is formed in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the thermal mannequin 4 faces the center of the top plate 9.
  • a gentle updraft is generated in the smoking room 1 by supplying fresh air from the under-floor air supply structure of the floor 2 of the smoking room 1.
  • the ascending air current is exhausted through the exhaust port 5 of the ceiling 6.
  • the suction fan 13 of the tables 3a and 3b is operated to suck air from the smoking room 1 into the tables 3a and 3b from the air supply port 12.
  • the sucked air is rectified while passing through the two rectifying plates 11a and 11b from the space between the bottom plate 8 of the tables 3a and 3b and the lower rectifying plate 11a, and is blown out from the top plate 9 of the tables 3a and 3b. It blows out from the opening
  • Preconditions for tobacco dust concentration in smoking rooms are as follows.
  • the smoking room 1 has an area of 18 m 2 , a height of 2.7 m, and a volume of 48.6 m 3 .
  • the flow rate of the discharged smoke was 1.7 m / s, and the flow rate of the discharged smoke was 2000 mL / time.
  • the frequency was once per minute.
  • Measurement points are 3 points of 1.4mm height (a, b, c in FIG. 1) assuming a breathing area with a person standing as a representative point of the smoking room 1, and a representative point near the table 3b Assuming a breathing area in a state where a person is sitting, three places (A, B, C in FIG. 1) having a height of 1.1 m were used.
  • Fig. 4 shows the results of the tobacco dust concentration by the ventilation method of Test Examples 1 to 3.
  • the left bar graph shows the average value of the measurement points A, B, and C near the table shown in FIG. 1
  • the right bar graph shows the measurement of the smoking room shown in FIG.
  • the average value of points a, b, and c is shown.
  • the broken line in FIG. 4 shows the total average value of the measurement points A, B, C near the table and the measurement points a, b, c in the smoking room.
  • Each average value of Test Examples 2 and 3 is expressed as a relative value (%) when the total average value in the mixed ventilation of Test Example 1 is 100.
  • FIG. 5 shows the tobacco dust concentration near the table in Test Examples 1 and 2.
  • the left bar graph is the measurement point A near the table shown in FIG. 1
  • the central bar graph is the measurement point B near the table
  • the right bar graph is the measurement point C near the table.
  • the value of Test Example 2 is expressed as a relative value (%) when the corresponding value in the mixed ventilation of Test Example 1 is 100.
  • the table blowout is intended to shield the smoke discharged from the smoker and facing the non-smoker, so it must be blown from below the breathing area of the person.
  • air is supplied from the lower air supply port 12 on the lower side of the tables 3a and 3b as shown in FIG.
  • underfloor ventilation or replacement ventilation is performed and a table is blown into a smoking room having the temperature distribution shown in FIG. 6 or FIG. 7, the following event occurs. That is, as shown in FIG. 8, the low-temperature air near the floor 2 is blown up to the high-temperature air layer 16 near the ceiling 7 by the blowout flow 15 from the table (for example, 3b).
  • An exhaust port 6 is provided on the ceiling 7, but part of the low-temperature air blown up becomes a downward flow 17 before reaching the exhaust port 6.
  • the blowout stream 15 contains a high concentration of tobacco smoke. For this reason, the cigarette smoke is lowered again by the descending flow 17, and the dust concentration in the breathing area of the smoking room 1 is increased. This indicates that the blowout flow from the table acts as a stirrer.
  • the ventilation method according to the embodiment is applied in the ventilation in which a gentle updraft is generated in the smoking room by supplying air from the air inlet near the floor or near the floor, such as underfloor ventilation or replacement ventilation.
  • a gentle updraft is generated in the smoking room by supplying air from the air inlet near the floor or near the floor, such as underfloor ventilation or replacement ventilation.
  • the smoking room has a temperature distribution (temperature distribution line) in the height direction.
  • the air near the floor is blown up as it is toward the ceiling by blowing out the table, the low-temperature air reaches the high-temperature region and becomes a downward flow again.
  • the table blowout is preheated to a temperature near the ceiling, the air blown up by the table blowout stays in a high temperature area near the ceiling and can be smoothly exhausted from the exhaust port of the ceiling.
  • a smoker and a companion face each other at a relatively close position across the table in the smoking room.
  • the blow-off flow can blow up and block the smoker before the smoke discharged by the smoker reaches the companion who faces him.
  • the air blown up together with the discharged smoke can be made to flow down and stay on the ceiling without returning to the smoking room and efficiently discharged from the exhaust port.
  • the smoking room 1 has an area of 18 m 2 , a height of 2.7 m, and a volume of 48.6 m 3 .
  • the flow rate of the discharged smoke was 1.7 m / s, and the flow rate of the discharged smoke was 2000 mL / time.
  • the frequency was once per minute.
  • Measurement points are three points of 1.4m height (a, b, c in FIG. 1) assuming a breathing area with a person standing as a representative point of smoking room 1, and a representative point near table 3b Assuming a breathing area in a state where a person is sitting, three places (A, B, C in FIG. 1) having a height of 1.1 m were used.
  • Each table 3a, 3b installed in the smoking room 1 of FIGS. 1 and 2 has a box-shaped structure including a bottom plate 8, a top plate 9, and four side plates 10 as shown in FIG.
  • the two rectifying plates 11 a and 11 b are attached to the four side plates 10 in the tables 3 a and 3 b so as to be spaced apart from each other and parallel to the bottom plate 8.
  • the air supply port 12 is opened in the side plate 10 portion located between the bottom plate 8 and the lower rectifying plate 11a.
  • the suction fan 13 is disposed in communication with the air supply port 12 in the space between the bottom plate 8 and the lower rectifying plate 11a.
  • a plurality of, for example, four incandescent balls 18 are arranged in the space between the bottom plate 8 and the lower rectifying plate 11a in order to heat the air in the space.
  • the strip-shaped outlet 14 is formed in the center of the top plate 9 in a direction perpendicular to the facing direction of the thermal mannequin 4.
  • a gentle updraft is generated in the smoking room 1 by supplying fresh air from the underfloor air supply structure of the floor 2 of the smoking room 1.
  • the ascending air current is exhausted through the exhaust port 5 of the ceiling 6.
  • the smoking room 1 is ventilated by air supply and exhaust, the incandescent bulb 18 in the tables 3a and 3b is heated, and the suction fan 13 is operated to draw the air in the smoking room 1 from the air supply port 12 to the tables 3a and 3b.
  • the sucked air is heated by the incandescent bulb 15 in the space between the bottom plate 8 and the lower rectifying plate 11a.
  • the warmed air is rectified while passing through the two rectifying plates 11b and 11a, and is blown upward as a zonal blowing flow 15 from the zonal blowing port 14 of the top plate 9 of the tables 3a and 3b.
  • This warm air blow is called a warmed table blow.
  • the evaluation conditions are as follows.
  • the ceiling temperature of the smoking room when the air is not blown from the table is 27 ° C.
  • FIG. 11 shows the result of the tobacco dust concentration by the ventilation methods of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3.
  • the left bar graph shows the average value of measurement points A, B, and C near the table shown in FIG. 1
  • the right bar graph shows the measurement of the smoking room shown in FIG.
  • the average value of points a, b, and c is shown.
  • the broken line in FIG. 11 shows the total average value of the measurement points A, B, C near the table and the measurement points a, b, c in the smoking room.
  • the average values of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 2 and 3 are expressed as relative values (%) when the total average value in the mixed ventilation of Comparative Example 1 is 100.
  • the dust in the smoking room which is a problem with the non-heated table blowout (Comparative Example 3) is obtained by performing the warmed table blowout in the underfloor ventilation as in Examples 1 and 2. It can be seen that the dust concentration in the vicinity of the table can be reduced while suppressing the increase in concentration. In addition, comparing the total average of the dust concentration in the smoking room and the dust concentration in the vicinity of the table with Comparative Examples 1 to 3, the heated table blows out, so that the dust concentration is lower than with mixed ventilation (Comparative Example 1). It can be seen that it can be significantly reduced.
  • the dust concentration in the entire smoking room is reduced without increasing the ventilation volume compared with the mixed ventilation by using together the table outlet heated during the underfloor ventilation as in Examples 1 and 2.
  • the influence of discharged smoke can be remarkably improved.
  • Example 3 Replacement ventilation + heated table blowing> ⁇ Ventilation frequency per hour by air supply from the air supply port provided on the side wall near the floor and exhaust from the ceiling exhaust port: 20 times, -The speed of the heated table outlet: 1.2 m / s The temperature of the heated table outlet: the supply air temperature (24 ° C.) of the table + the heating temperature (8 ° C.).
  • the ceiling temperature of the smoking room when the air is not blown from the table is 26 ° C.
  • FIG. 12 shows the left bar graph shows the average value of the measurement points A, B, and C near the table shown in FIG. 1, and the right bar graph shows the measurement of the smoking room shown in FIG. Average values of points a, b, and c are shown.
  • the broken line in FIG. 12 shows the total average value of the measurement points A, B, C near the table and the measurement points a, b, c in the smoking room.
  • Each average value of Example 3 and Comparative Example 5 is expressed as a relative value (%) when the total average value in the mixed ventilation of Comparative Example 4 is 100.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ventilation (AREA)

Abstract

The smoking room ventilation method is a method for ventilating a smoking room that is equipped with: an air inlet provided in the floor or near the floor; an air exhaust vent provided in the ceiling or near the ceiling; a table set on the floor and across which seated persons face each other; and a zonal blower vent formed in the table so as to run parallel or substantially parallel to the direction orthogonal to the direction in which the seated people face each other. The method comprises: a process of generating a gentle upward air flow by supplying air from the air inlet in the floor or near the floor; a process of exhausting the upward air flow through the air exhaust vent in the ceiling or near the ceiling; and a process of blowing warmed air upward from the zonal blower vent in the table. The warmed air has a higher temperature than the temperature at the ceiling or near the ceiling when the table is not blowing air.

Description

喫煙室の換気方法How to ventilate a smoking room
 本発明は、喫煙室の換気方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a ventilation method for a smoking room.
 近年、受動喫煙に対して社会的な関心が高まり、室内の分煙が進んでいる。例えばレストラン等の飲食店では喫煙区域と禁煙区域に分ける空間分煙が行われている。このような喫煙区域においても、喫煙者と非喫煙者が同席する場合がある。このため、非喫煙者のたばこ煙に対する不快感を低減するために、室内環境改善が要望されている。 In recent years, there has been increasing social interest in passive smoking, and indoor smoke separation is progressing. For example, in restaurants such as restaurants, smoke is divided into smoking areas and non-smoking areas. Even in such a smoking area, smokers and non-smokers may be present together. For this reason, in order to reduce the discomfort with respect to tobacco smoke of a nonsmoker, the indoor environment improvement is requested | required.
 飲食店における一般的な換気方法は、空調と換気が一体になった混合換気方法が多く採用されている。この換気方法は、例えば天井に設置された空調機で室内の空気を均一になるように混合し、給排気によって排気する。 As a general ventilation method in restaurants, a mixed ventilation method in which air conditioning and ventilation are integrated is often adopted. In this ventilation method, for example, indoor air is mixed evenly by an air conditioner installed on the ceiling, and exhausted by air supply and exhaust.
 しかしながら、混合換気方法は、室内の空気を混合するため、喫煙で発生したたばこ煙(粉塵)も室内に拡散する。その結果、たばこ煙を低減するためには膨大な換気量で希釈する必要があり、空調設備の稼動経費が増大する。 However, since the mixed ventilation method mixes indoor air, tobacco smoke (dust) generated by smoking is also diffused into the room. As a result, in order to reduce tobacco smoke, it is necessary to dilute with an enormous amount of ventilation, which increases the operating cost of the air conditioning equipment.
 このようなことから、換気量を抑えて効率的に換気する方法、すなわちアンダーフロアー換気方法および置換換気方法が知られている。アンダーフロアー換気方法は、室内の床から空調済みの空気を穏やかに給気し、天井または天井近傍に設けた排気口から排気する方法である。置換換気方法は、床上に設けた置換換気用給気口から空調済みの空気を穏やかに給気し、天井または天井近傍に設けた排気口から排気する方法である。 For this reason, methods of efficiently ventilating while suppressing the amount of ventilation, that is, an underfloor ventilation method and a replacement ventilation method are known. The underfloor ventilation method is a method in which air-conditioned air is gently supplied from an indoor floor and exhausted from an exhaust port provided in or near the ceiling. The replacement ventilation method is a method in which air-conditioned air is gently supplied from an air supply port for replacement ventilation provided on the floor and exhausted from an exhaust port provided near the ceiling or near the ceiling.
 アンダーフロアー換気方法および置換換気方法は、床または床近傍から給気し、天井または天井近傍から排気するため、下から上に向かう穏やかな気流(上昇気流)が発生する。たばこ煙(粉塵)は、この気流に乗って排気口に運ばれ、排気される。飲食店での1時間あたりの換気回数は、多くとも40回で、上昇気流は概ね0.03m/s以下である。 In the underfloor ventilation method and the replacement ventilation method, air is supplied from the floor or near the floor and exhausted from the ceiling or near the ceiling, so that a gentle air flow (upward air flow) from the bottom to the top is generated. Cigarette smoke (dust) is carried by this air stream to the exhaust port and exhausted. The number of ventilations per hour at a restaurant is at most 40, and the updraft is approximately 0.03 m / s or less.
 飲食店では、喫煙者と非喫煙者がテーブルを挟んで対面する場合がある。喫煙者の喫煙時には、たばこの燃焼による煙(副流煙)と喫煙者が吐出する煙(吐出煙)とが発生する。 In restaurants, smokers and non-smokers may face each other across the table. When a smoker smokes, smoke (secondary smoke) due to cigarette combustion and smoke (discharged smoke) discharged by the smoker are generated.
 前述したアンダーフロアー換気方法および置換換気方法において、前記吐出煙による対面する非喫煙者への影響を抑えることができない。これは、アンダーフロアー換気方法および置換換気方法で発生する上昇気流が吐出煙に対して緩慢な気流として作用すること、その気流がテーブルで遮られて弱まり、吐出煙が上昇する前に対面する非喫煙者に達するためである。 In the above-described under-floor ventilation method and replacement ventilation method, the effect of the discharged smoke on the non-smokers facing each other cannot be suppressed. This is because the updraft generated by the underfloor ventilation method and the replacement ventilation method acts as a slow airflow against the discharged smoke, and the airflow is blocked and weakened by the table, and the non-faced airflow faces before it rises. This is to reach smokers.
 一方、特開平7-63380号公報には室内空気清浄維持システムが開示されている。この空気清浄維持システムは、床下に設けられ、上方に向けて吹出し可能な床吹出しチャンバと、空気吹出し口上面に敷かれた通風性を有する多孔質カーペットとを備える。室内空気排気用空気吸込み口は、空気吹出し口に対応する天井面に設け、室内空気を床下から天井方向への流れを確保し、水平方向の汚染空気の拡散を妨げる。気流コントロール装置は、例えばテーブル上に設置され、周囲の汚染空気を吸込み、天井に向けて上昇気流として吹出し、前記空気吸込み口から排出する。 On the other hand, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 7-63380 discloses an indoor air cleanup maintenance system. This air cleanliness maintenance system includes a floor blowing chamber provided under the floor and capable of blowing upward, and a porous carpet having air permeability laid on the upper surface of the air blowing port. The air intake port for exhausting indoor air is provided on the ceiling surface corresponding to the air outlet, ensuring the flow of indoor air from the floor to the ceiling, and hindering the diffusion of contaminated air in the horizontal direction. The airflow control device is installed on, for example, a table, sucks ambient contaminated air, blows it out as a rising airflow toward the ceiling, and discharges it from the air suction port.
 しかしながら、このような空気清浄維持システムは気流コントロール装置からの上昇気流が排出口に到達する前に、下方に戻ってたばこ煙(粉塵)も室内に拡散するおそれがある。 However, such an air cleanliness maintenance system may cause cigarette smoke (dust) to diffuse back into the room before the rising airflow from the airflow control device reaches the discharge port.
 本発明は、喫煙室において喫煙者と同伴者(例えば非喫煙者)がテーブルを挟んで比較的近い位置で対面する場合、喫煙室全体の換気量を抑えつつ、喫煙者の喫煙時に吐出煙が対面する同伴者に到達する前に、その吐出煙を効率的に排気口に運んで排出することが可能な喫煙室の換気方法を提供する。 In the present invention, when a smoker and a companion (for example, a non-smoker) face each other at a relatively close position across a table in the smoking room, the smoke discharged from the smoker is reduced while suppressing the ventilation amount of the entire smoking room. Provided is a method for ventilating a smoking room in which the discharged smoke can be efficiently carried to an exhaust port and discharged before reaching a companion who faces the person.
 本発明の態様によると、床または床近傍に設けられた給気口と、天井または天井近傍に設けられた排気口と、前記床に設置され、腰掛けた人が向き合うテーブルと、腰掛けた人が向き合う方向と直角方向に平行もしくは略平行になるように前記テーブルに形成される帯状の吹き出し口とを備えた喫煙室を換気する方法であって、
 前記床または床近傍の給気口から給気することによって穏やかな上昇気流を発生する工程;
 前記上昇気流を前記天井または天井近傍の排気口を通して排気する工程;および
 前記テーブルの前記帯状吹き出し口から加温した空気を上方に向けて吹出す工程
を含み、
 前記加温した空気は、前記テーブルからの空気吹出しのない状態での前記天井または天井近傍の温度より高い温度を有する喫煙室の換気方法が提供される。
According to an aspect of the present invention, an air supply port provided on the floor or in the vicinity of the floor, an exhaust port provided on the ceiling or in the vicinity of the ceiling, a table installed on the floor and facing a person sitting on the floor, and a person sitting on the floor A method for ventilating a smoking room provided with a strip-shaped air outlet formed in the table so as to be parallel or substantially parallel to a direction perpendicular to the facing direction,
A step of generating a gentle updraft by supplying air from the air supply port near the floor or near the floor;
Exhausting the updraft through the ceiling or an exhaust port near the ceiling; and blowing the heated air upward from the strip-shaped outlet of the table;
A method of ventilating a smoking room is provided in which the heated air has a temperature higher than the temperature of the ceiling or the vicinity of the ceiling without air blowing from the table.
図1は、たばこ煙に起因する粉塵の除去を検証するための喫煙室を示す上面図である。FIG. 1 is a top view showing a smoking room for verifying removal of dust caused by cigarette smoke. 図2は、図1の断面図である。FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 図3は、図1の喫煙室に設置される空気吹出し機能を有するテーブルの部分断面図である。FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of a table having an air blowing function installed in the smoking room of FIG. 図4は、試験例1~3の換気方法によるたばこ粉塵濃度の結果をしめす図である。FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the results of tobacco dust concentration by the ventilation method of Test Examples 1 to 3. 図5は、試験例1、2におけるテーブル近傍のたばこ粉塵濃度を示す図である。FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the tobacco dust concentration in the vicinity of the table in Test Examples 1 and 2. 図6は、アンダーフロアー換気における床から天井に向かって温度分布を示す図である。FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a temperature distribution from the floor to the ceiling in underfloor ventilation. 図7は、置換換気における床から天井に向かって温度分布を示す図である。FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a temperature distribution from the floor to the ceiling in replacement ventilation. 図8は、床から天井に向かって温度分布を持つ喫煙室にテーブル吹き出しを行ったときの事象を示す図である。FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an event when a table is blown out into a smoking room having a temperature distribution from the floor toward the ceiling. 図9は、喫煙室の温度分布とテーブル吹出しの加温の効果を示す図である。FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the temperature distribution in the smoking room and the effect of heating the table outlet. 図10は、図1の喫煙室に設置される加温した空気吹出し機能を有するテーブルの部分断面図である。FIG. 10 is a partial cross-sectional view of a table having a heated air blowing function installed in the smoking room of FIG. 図11は、実施例1,2および比較例1~3の換気方法によるたばこ粉塵濃度の結果を示す図である。FIG. 11 is a graph showing the results of tobacco dust concentrations by the ventilation methods of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3. 図12は、実施例3および比較例4,5の換気方法によるたばこ粉塵濃度の結果を示す図である。FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the results of tobacco dust concentration by the ventilation method of Example 3 and Comparative Examples 4 and 5.
 以下、実施形態に係る喫煙室の換気方法を詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, the ventilation method of the smoking room according to the embodiment will be described in detail.
 実施形態に係る喫煙室の換気方法は、床または床近傍に設けられた給気口と、天井または天井近傍に設けられた排気口と、前記床に設置され、腰掛けた人が向き合うテーブルと、腰掛けた人が向き合う方向と直角方向に平行もしくは略平行になるように前記テーブルに形成される帯状の吹き出し口とを備えた喫煙室を換気する方法である。最初に、床または床近傍の給気口から給気することによって喫煙室に穏やかな上昇気流を発生する。上昇気流は、天井または天井近傍の排気口を通して排気する。給気および排気による喫煙室の換気の間に、喫煙室に設置したテーブルの帯状吹き出し口から加温した空気を上方に向けて吹出す。 The ventilation method of the smoking room according to the embodiment includes an air supply port provided near the floor or near the floor, an exhaust port provided near the ceiling or near the ceiling, a table installed on the floor and facing a person sitting on the floor, This is a method of ventilating a smoking room provided with a strip-shaped outlet formed in the table so as to be parallel or substantially parallel to a direction perpendicular to a direction in which a person sitting is facing. First, a gentle updraft is generated in the smoking room by supplying air from the air inlet near the floor or near the floor. The updraft is exhausted through the ceiling or an outlet near the ceiling. During the ventilation of the smoking room by supplying and exhausting air, the heated air is blown out upward from a belt-like outlet of a table installed in the smoking room.
 ここで、帯状の吹き出し口が腰掛けた人が向き合う方向と直角方向に「略平行になるようにテーブルに形成される」とは、腰掛けた人が向き合う方向と直角方向に平行な線を基準にし、この基準線に対して-10~+10°傾いた状態でテーブルに形成されることを意味する。 Here, the band-shaped outlet is `` formed on the table so as to be substantially parallel to '' the direction perpendicular to the person facing the person sitting on the basis of the line parallel to the direction perpendicular to the person facing the person sitting. This means that the table is formed in a state tilted by −10 to + 10 ° with respect to the reference line.
 前記給気および排気による換気方式は、(a)室内の床から空調済みの空気を穏やかに給気し、天井または天井近傍に設けた排気口から排気するアンダーフロアー換気方式,(b)床上に設けた置換換気用給気口から空調済みの空気を穏やかに給気し、天井または天井近傍に設けた排気口から排気する置換換気方式、(c)床近傍に設けたガラリから給気し、天井または天井近傍に設けた排気口から排気する第三種換気方式を採用できる。 The ventilation system using the air supply and exhaust is as follows: (a) An underfloor ventilation system in which air-conditioned air is gently supplied from the indoor floor and exhausted from an exhaust port provided near the ceiling or near the ceiling; (b) on the floor A replacement ventilation system in which air conditioned air is gently supplied from the provided replacement ventilation air supply port and exhausted from an exhaust port provided near the ceiling or near the ceiling, (c) supplied from a louver provided near the floor, A third type ventilation system that exhausts air from an exhaust port provided on or near the ceiling can be employed.
 上昇気流は、0.01~0.02m/sの流速にすることが好ましい。 The ascending air flow is preferably set to a flow rate of 0.01 to 0.02 m / s.
 喫煙室の1時間あたりの換気回数は、40回以下、より好ましくは15~25回にすることが望ましい。喫煙室の1時間あたりの換気回数が40回を超えると、換気頻度が増大し、換気設備が大掛かりになるばかりか、換気コストが増大するおそれがある。 It is desirable that the number of ventilations per hour in the smoking room is 40 times or less, more preferably 15 to 25 times. If the number of ventilations per hour in a smoking room exceeds 40, ventilation frequency increases, ventilation equipment becomes large, and ventilation costs may increase.
 テーブルの帯状吹き出し口からの加温空気の吹出し速度は、喫煙者が吐く吐出煙がその対面する同伴者に達するのを遮断するために0.6m/s以上にすることが好ましい。加温空気の吹出し速度は、テーブルと喫煙者の呼吸息の高さの変動および吐出速度の変動を考慮して1.2m/s以上にすることがより好ましい。加温空気の吹出し速度の上限は、4m/sにすることが好ましい。 It is preferable that the blowing speed of the heated air from the strip-shaped air outlet of the table be 0.6 m / s or more in order to block the smoke discharged by the smoker from reaching the accompanying person. It is more preferable that the blowing speed of the heated air is 1.2 m / s or more in consideration of fluctuations in the breathing height of the table and the smoker and fluctuations in the discharge speed. The upper limit of the blowing speed of the heated air is preferably 4 m / s.
 加温空気の温度は、テーブルからの空気吹出しのない状態での天井または天井近傍の温度より高く設定される。加温空気は、前記天井または天井近傍の温度より2~10℃高い温度に設定することが望ましい。 ¡The temperature of the heated air is set to be higher than the temperature at or near the ceiling without air blowing from the table. The heated air is preferably set at a temperature 2 to 10 ° C. higher than the temperature at or near the ceiling.
 天井に設ける排気口は、加温した空気吹出しの直上に配置することが好ましい。 It is preferable to arrange the exhaust port provided on the ceiling directly above the heated air blowout.
 このような実施形態の換気方法において、床または床近傍の給気口から給気して喫煙室に穏やかな上昇気流を発生することによって、喫煙室のたばこ煙(粉塵)をこの気流に乗せて排気口に運び、排気して換気できる。また、喫煙室に喫煙者と同伴者(例えば非喫煙者)がテーブルを挟んで比較的近い位置で対面する場合、テーブルの帯状吹き出し口からの加温した吹出し流により喫煙者の吐出煙が対面する同伴者に到達する前に遮断し、同時に吐出煙を効率的に排気口に運んで排出することが可能になる。さらに、吐出煙の排出は喫煙室全体の換気量を増大させることなく、円滑に行うことができる。 In the ventilation method of such an embodiment, cigarette smoke (dust) in the smoking room is placed on the air flow by supplying air from the air inlet near the floor or near the floor and generating a gentle updraft in the smoking room. It can be carried to the exhaust port and exhausted for ventilation. In addition, when a smoker and a companion (for example, a non-smoker) face each other at a relatively close position across the table in the smoking room, the smoke discharged from the smoker faces due to a heated blow-off flow from the belt-shaped outlet of the table. It is possible to block the smoke before reaching the accompanying person, and at the same time, efficiently discharge the discharged smoke to the exhaust port. Furthermore, the discharged smoke can be discharged smoothly without increasing the ventilation amount of the entire smoking room.
 このような効果を有する実施形態に係る喫煙室の換気方法は、以下の試験を通して究明し、見出した。 The ventilation method of the smoking room according to the embodiment having such an effect was investigated and found through the following tests.
 図1は、たばこ煙に起因する粉塵の除去を検証するための喫煙室を示す上面図、図2は図1の断面図である。 FIG. 1 is a top view showing a smoking room for verifying the removal of dust caused by cigarette smoke, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of FIG.
 喫煙室1は、アンダーフロアー給気構造の床2を有する。床2には、複数、例えば2つのテーブル3a,3bが配置されている。サーマルマネキン4は、床2に各テーブル3a,3bを挟んで両側にそれぞれ2体、合計8体設置されている。サーマルマネキン4は、2つのテーブル3a,3b間の手前にも1体設置されている。すなわち、サーマルマネキン4は喫煙室1の床2に合計9体設置されている。なお、サーマルマネキン4は室内に人が滞在することを想定して発熱機能(発熱量:100W/体)を有する。副流煙・吐出煙発生器5は、向かって右側のテーブル3bの左奥のサーマルマネキン4に配置されている。複数、例えば3つの排気口6は天井7に各テーブル3a,3bの中央の直上およびテーブル3a,3b間の中心の直上に位置するように配置されている。この天井7には、照明用蛍光灯が設置されている。 Smoking room 1 has a floor 2 with an underfloor air supply structure. On the floor 2, a plurality of, for example, two tables 3a and 3b are arranged. A total of eight thermal mannequins 4 are installed on both sides of the floor 2 with the tables 3a and 3b interposed therebetween. One thermal mannequin 4 is also installed in front of the two tables 3a and 3b. That is, a total of nine thermal mannequins 4 are installed on the floor 2 of the smoking room 1. The thermal mannequin 4 has a heat generation function (heat generation amount: 100 W / body) assuming that a person stays in the room. The sidestream smoke / discharge smoke generator 5 is disposed on the thermal mannequin 4 at the left back of the right table 3b. A plurality of, for example, three exhaust ports 6 are arranged on the ceiling 7 so as to be positioned immediately above the center of each table 3a, 3b and directly above the center between the tables 3a, 3b. On the ceiling 7, a fluorescent lamp for illumination is installed.
 喫煙室1に設置した各テーブル3a,3bは、図3に示すように底板8、天板9および4つの側板10からなる箱形構造を有する。2枚の整流板11a,11bは、各テーブル3a,3b内の4つの側板10に互に上下に離間し、かつ底板8と平行になるように取付けられている。給気口12は、底板8と下部の整流板11a間に位置する側板10部分に開口されている。吸引ファン13は、底板8と下部の整流板11a間の空間に給気口12と連通して配置されている。帯状吹き出し口14は、天板9の中央にサーマルマネキン4が向き合う方向と直角方向になるように形成されている。 Each table 3a, 3b installed in the smoking room 1 has a box-shaped structure including a bottom plate 8, a top plate 9, and four side plates 10 as shown in FIG. The two rectifying plates 11 a and 11 b are attached to the four side plates 10 in the tables 3 a and 3 b so as to be spaced apart from each other and parallel to the bottom plate 8. The air supply port 12 is opened in the side plate 10 portion located between the bottom plate 8 and the lower rectifying plate 11a. The suction fan 13 is disposed in communication with the air supply port 12 in the space between the bottom plate 8 and the lower rectifying plate 11a. The strip-shaped outlet 14 is formed in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the thermal mannequin 4 faces the center of the top plate 9.
 このような構造を有する喫煙室において、喫煙室1の床2のアンダーフロアー給気構造から新鮮な空気を給気することによって喫煙室1に穏やかな上昇気流を発生する。上昇気流は、天井6の排気口5を通して排気する。給気および排気による喫煙室1の換気の間に、テーブル3a,3bの吸引ファン13を作動して喫煙室1の空気を給気口12からテーブル3a,3b内にそれぞれ吸引する。吸引された空気は、テーブル3a、3bの底板8と下部の整流板11a間の空間から2枚の整流板11a、11bを通過する間に整流され、テーブル3a,3bの天板9の帯状吹き出し口14から上方に向けて帯状の吹出し流15として吹出す。この空気吹き出しをテ-ブル吹出しと称す。 In the smoking room having such a structure, a gentle updraft is generated in the smoking room 1 by supplying fresh air from the under-floor air supply structure of the floor 2 of the smoking room 1. The ascending air current is exhausted through the exhaust port 5 of the ceiling 6. During ventilation of the smoking room 1 by supplying and exhausting air, the suction fan 13 of the tables 3a and 3b is operated to suck air from the smoking room 1 into the tables 3a and 3b from the air supply port 12. The sucked air is rectified while passing through the two rectifying plates 11a and 11b from the space between the bottom plate 8 of the tables 3a and 3b and the lower rectifying plate 11a, and is blown out from the top plate 9 of the tables 3a and 3b. It blows out from the opening | mouth 14 as the strip-shaped blowing flow 15 toward the upper direction. This air blowing is called table blowing.
 喫煙室のたばこ粉塵濃度の予備条件は、次の通りである。 Preconditions for tobacco dust concentration in smoking rooms are as follows.
 ・喫煙室1は、面積18m2、高さ2.7m、容積48.6m3とした。 The smoking room 1 has an area of 18 m 2 , a height of 2.7 m, and a volume of 48.6 m 3 .
 ・副流煙・吐出煙発生器8では吐出煙の流速を1.7m/s、吐出煙の流量を2000mL/回とした。頻度は1分間当たり1回とした。 In the sidestream smoke / discharge smoke generator 8, the flow rate of the discharged smoke was 1.7 m / s, and the flow rate of the discharged smoke was 2000 mL / time. The frequency was once per minute.
 ・粉塵測定は、ピエゾバランス粉塵計で行った。 ・ Dust measurement was performed with a piezo-balance dust meter.
 ・測定点は、喫煙室1の代表点として人が立った状態での呼吸域を想定した1.4mm高さの3箇所(図1のa,b,c)と、テーブル3b近傍の代表点として人が座った状態での呼吸域を想定した1.1mの高さの3箇所(図1のA,B,C)とした。 ・ Measurement points are 3 points of 1.4mm height (a, b, c in FIG. 1) assuming a breathing area with a person standing as a representative point of the smoking room 1, and a representative point near the table 3b Assuming a breathing area in a state where a person is sitting, three places (A, B, C in FIG. 1) having a height of 1.1 m were used.
 <試験例1:混合換気>
 評価条件は次の通りである。
<Test Example 1: Mixed ventilation>
The evaluation conditions are as follows.
 ・喫煙室の攪拌:アンダーフロアー給気およびテーブル吹出し行わず、天井に設置したカセットエアコン(図示せず)で攪拌、
 ・天井の排気口からの空気の排気速度:1.75m/s。
・ Agitating in the smoking room: without underfloor air supply and table blowing, agitating with a cassette air conditioner (not shown) installed on the ceiling,
-Air exhaust speed from the ceiling exhaust port: 1.75 m / s.
 <試験例2:アンダーフロアー換気>
 評価条件は次の通りである。
<Test Example 2: Underfloor ventilation>
The evaluation conditions are as follows.
 ・アンダーフロアー給気構造からの給気、天井の排気口からの排気による1時間あたりの換気回数:20回。 ∙ Ventilation per hour by air supply from underfloor air supply structure and exhaust from ceiling exhaust port: 20 times.
 <試験例3:アンダーフロアー換気+テーブル吹出し>
 評価条件は次の通りである。
<Test Example 3: Underfloor ventilation + Table blowout>
The evaluation conditions are as follows.
 ・アンダーフロアー給気構造からの給気、天井の排気口からの排気による1時間あたりの換気回数:20回、
 ・テーブル吹出しの速度:1.2m/s。
・ Air supply from the underfloor air supply structure, ventilation from the ceiling exhaust port per hour: 20 times
-Table blowing speed: 1.2 m / s.
 このような試験例1~3の換気方法によるたばこ粉塵濃度の結果を図4に示す。なお、図4中の隣接する2つの棒グラフのうち、左側の棒グラフは図1に示すテーブル近傍の測定点A,B,Cの平均値を示し、右側の棒グラフは図1に示す喫煙室の測定点a,b,cの平均値を示す。図4中の折れ線は、テーブル近傍の測定点A,B,Cと喫煙室の測定点a,b,cの全平均値を示す。試験例2,3のそれぞれの平均値は、試験例1の混合換気における全平均値を100としたときの相対値(%)で表わしている。 Fig. 4 shows the results of the tobacco dust concentration by the ventilation method of Test Examples 1 to 3. Of the two adjacent bar graphs in FIG. 4, the left bar graph shows the average value of the measurement points A, B, and C near the table shown in FIG. 1, and the right bar graph shows the measurement of the smoking room shown in FIG. The average value of points a, b, and c is shown. The broken line in FIG. 4 shows the total average value of the measurement points A, B, C near the table and the measurement points a, b, c in the smoking room. Each average value of Test Examples 2 and 3 is expressed as a relative value (%) when the total average value in the mixed ventilation of Test Example 1 is 100.
 また、図5に試験例1、2におけるテーブル近傍のたばこ粉塵濃度を示す。図5中の隣接する3つの棒グラフのうち、左側の棒グラフは図1に示すテーブル近傍の測定点A、中央の棒グラフはテーブル近傍の測定点B,右側の棒グラフはテーブル近傍の測定点Cの値を示す。試験例2の値は、試験例1の混合換気における対応する値を100としたときの相対値(%)で表わしている。 FIG. 5 shows the tobacco dust concentration near the table in Test Examples 1 and 2. Of the three adjacent bar graphs in FIG. 5, the left bar graph is the measurement point A near the table shown in FIG. 1, the central bar graph is the measurement point B near the table, and the right bar graph is the measurement point C near the table. Indicates. The value of Test Example 2 is expressed as a relative value (%) when the corresponding value in the mixed ventilation of Test Example 1 is 100.
 図4から試験例1の混合換気では、喫煙室の空気が強制的に混合されるため、テーブル近傍と喫煙室の粉塵濃度がほぼ同じ値になる。これに対し、試験例2のアンダーフロアー換気では喫煙室の粉塵濃度が低下するが、テーブル近傍の粉塵濃度が増加する。これは、アンダーフロアー換気のみでは吐出煙の影響を低減できないためである。 4 In the mixed ventilation of Test Example 1 from FIG. 4, the air in the smoking room is forcibly mixed, so the dust concentration in the vicinity of the table and the smoking room is almost the same value. On the other hand, in the underfloor ventilation of Test Example 2, the dust concentration in the smoking room decreases, but the dust concentration near the table increases. This is because the influence of discharged smoke cannot be reduced only by underfloor ventilation.
 これを、図5を参照して詳述する。試験例1の混合換気では、測定点A,B,Cがほぼ同じ値を示している。これに対し、試験例2のアンダーフロアー換気では喫煙箇所である副流煙・吐出煙発生器に対面する測定点B,Cで粉塵濃度が増加する。このことから、アンダーフロアー換気のみでは喫煙者が前方に吐出する吐出煙を防ぎきれないことが分かる。 This will be described in detail with reference to FIG. In the mixed ventilation of Test Example 1, the measurement points A, B, and C show almost the same value. On the other hand, in the underfloor ventilation of Test Example 2, the dust concentration increases at measurement points B and C facing the sidestream smoke / discharge smoke generator which is a smoking area. From this, it can be understood that smoke discharged from the smoker forward cannot be prevented only by under-floor ventilation.
 再び、図4の結果における試験例2のアンダーフロアー換気と試験例3のアンダーフロアー換気+テーブル吹出しを比較する。アンダーフロアー換気にテーブル吹き出しを併用すると、アンダーフロアー換気のみに比べてテーブル近傍の粉塵濃度が低下し、吐出煙を含むたばこ煙の低減化に効果がある。しかしながら、喫煙室の粉塵濃度が逆に増加する。このことから、アンダーフロアー換気にテーブル吹き出しを併用すると、テ-ブル吹出しが全体の換気に影響を及ぼし、粉塵濃度が混合換気に近似した値になる。 Again, the under-floor ventilation in Test Example 2 and the under-floor ventilation in Table 3 in the results of FIG. When table blowout is used in combination with underfloor ventilation, the dust concentration near the table is reduced compared to underfloor ventilation alone, which is effective in reducing tobacco smoke including discharged smoke. However, the dust concentration in the smoking room increases conversely. For this reason, when table blowout is used in combination with underfloor ventilation, table blowout affects the overall ventilation, and the dust concentration approximates that of mixed ventilation.
 混合換気のように室内を強制的に攪拌しない、アンダーフロアー換気および置換換気は、室内には人が滞在し、機器および照明が設置されているために、図6(アンダーフロアー換気)および図7(置換換気)に示すように床から天井に向かって温度分布が生じる。 Underfloor ventilation and displacement ventilation in which the room is not forcibly stirred as in mixed ventilation, people stay in the room and equipment and lighting are installed, so that FIG. 6 (underfloor ventilation) and FIG. As shown in (Substitution ventilation), temperature distribution occurs from the floor to the ceiling.
 テーブル吹出しは、喫煙者から対面する非喫煙者に向かう吐出煙を遮蔽する目的であることから、人の呼吸域より下側から吹く出す必要がある。前述した試験例3では、図3に示すようにテーブル3a,3bの下側の給気口12から給気し、天板9の帯状吹き出し口14から吹き出している。アンダーフロアー換気または置換換気がなされ、図6または図7に示す温度分布を持つ喫煙室にテーブル吹き出しを行うと、次のような事象が起こる。すなわち、図8に示すように床2近傍の低温の空気は、テーブル(例えば3b)からの吹出し流15によって天井7近傍の高温の空気層16に吹き上げられる。天井7には、排気口6が設けられているが、吹き上げられた低温の空気の一部は排気口6に到達する前に下降流17になる。吹出し流15には、高濃度のたばこ煙が含まれている。このため、前記下降流17によって、たばこ煙も再下降し、喫煙室1の呼吸域の粉塵濃度を増加させる。このことは、テーブルからの吹出し流があたかも攪拌機として働いてしまうことを示す。 The table blowout is intended to shield the smoke discharged from the smoker and facing the non-smoker, so it must be blown from below the breathing area of the person. In Test Example 3 described above, air is supplied from the lower air supply port 12 on the lower side of the tables 3a and 3b as shown in FIG. When underfloor ventilation or replacement ventilation is performed and a table is blown into a smoking room having the temperature distribution shown in FIG. 6 or FIG. 7, the following event occurs. That is, as shown in FIG. 8, the low-temperature air near the floor 2 is blown up to the high-temperature air layer 16 near the ceiling 7 by the blowout flow 15 from the table (for example, 3b). An exhaust port 6 is provided on the ceiling 7, but part of the low-temperature air blown up becomes a downward flow 17 before reaching the exhaust port 6. The blowout stream 15 contains a high concentration of tobacco smoke. For this reason, the cigarette smoke is lowered again by the descending flow 17, and the dust concentration in the breathing area of the smoking room 1 is increased. This indicates that the blowout flow from the table acts as a stirrer.
 このようなことから、実施形態に係る換気方法は例えばアンダーフロアー換気または置換換気のような床または床近傍の給気口から給気して喫煙室に穏やかな上昇気流を発生する換気において、加温したテーブル吹出しを行うことによって、喫煙室の呼吸域の粉塵濃度を低減できる。 For this reason, the ventilation method according to the embodiment is applied in the ventilation in which a gentle updraft is generated in the smoking room by supplying air from the air inlet near the floor or near the floor, such as underfloor ventilation or replacement ventilation. By performing warm table blowing, the dust concentration in the breathing area of the smoking room can be reduced.
 すなわち、喫煙室の温度分布とテーブル吹出しの加温の効果を図9を参照して説明する。前述したように喫煙室には、高さ方向に温度分布(温度分布線)を有する。テーブル吹出しによって、床近傍の空気をそのまま天井方向に吹き上げると、低温の空気が高温域に到達し、再び下降流となる。一方、テーブル吹き出しを天井近傍の温度まで予め加温すると、テーブル吹出しで吹き上げられた空気は天井近傍の高温域に留まり、天井の排気口から円滑に排気できる。 That is, the temperature distribution in the smoking room and the effect of heating the table blowing will be described with reference to FIG. As described above, the smoking room has a temperature distribution (temperature distribution line) in the height direction. When the air near the floor is blown up as it is toward the ceiling by blowing out the table, the low-temperature air reaches the high-temperature region and becomes a downward flow again. On the other hand, when the table blowout is preheated to a temperature near the ceiling, the air blown up by the table blowout stays in a high temperature area near the ceiling and can be smoothly exhausted from the exhaust port of the ceiling.
 したがって、実施形態ではテーブル吹出し温度を天井近傍の温度以上に加温することによって、喫煙室に喫煙者と同伴者(例えば非喫煙者)がテーブルを挟んで比較的近い位置で対面する場合、前記吹出し流により喫煙者の吐出煙が対面する同伴者に到達する前に上方に吹き上げ、遮断できる。同時に、吐出煙と共に吹き上げた空気を下降流として喫煙室に戻ることなく天井に滞留させて排気口から効率的に排出することが可能になる。その結果、下降流に起因する喫煙室の粉塵濃度の増大を防止して粉塵濃度を低減できる。 Therefore, in the embodiment, when the table blowout temperature is heated to a temperature near the ceiling or higher, a smoker and a companion (for example, a non-smoker) face each other at a relatively close position across the table in the smoking room. The blow-off flow can blow up and block the smoker before the smoke discharged by the smoker reaches the companion who faces him. At the same time, the air blown up together with the discharged smoke can be made to flow down and stay on the ceiling without returning to the smoking room and efficiently discharged from the exhaust port. As a result, it is possible to prevent an increase in the dust concentration in the smoking room due to the downward flow and reduce the dust concentration.
 以下、本発明の実施例を前述した図1および図2、並びに図10を参照して説明する。 Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1, 2 and 10 described above.
 なお、以下に説明する実施例1~3、比較例1~5での喫煙室のたばこ粉塵濃度の予備条件は、次の通りである。 Note that the preconditions for the tobacco dust concentration in the smoking rooms in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 described below are as follows.
 ・喫煙室1は、面積18m2、高さ2.7m、容積48.6m3とした。 The smoking room 1 has an area of 18 m 2 , a height of 2.7 m, and a volume of 48.6 m 3 .
 ・副流煙・吐出煙発生器8では吐出煙の流速を1.7m/s、吐出煙の流量を2000mL/回とした。頻度は1分間あたり1回とした。 In the sidestream smoke / discharge smoke generator 8, the flow rate of the discharged smoke was 1.7 m / s, and the flow rate of the discharged smoke was 2000 mL / time. The frequency was once per minute.
 ・粉塵測定は、ピエゾバランス粉塵計で行った。 ・ Dust measurement was performed with a piezo-balance dust meter.
 ・測定点は、喫煙室1の代表点として人が立った状態での呼吸域を想定した1.4m高さの3箇所(図1のa,b,c)と、テーブル3b近傍の代表点として人が座った状態での呼吸域を想定した1.1mの高さの3箇所(図1のA,B,C)とした。 ・ Measurement points are three points of 1.4m height (a, b, c in FIG. 1) assuming a breathing area with a person standing as a representative point of smoking room 1, and a representative point near table 3b Assuming a breathing area in a state where a person is sitting, three places (A, B, C in FIG. 1) having a height of 1.1 m were used.
 <実施例1、2:アンダーフロアー換気+加温したテーブル吹出し>
 図1および図2の喫煙室1に設置した各テーブル3a,3bは、図10に示すように底板8、天板9および4つの側板10からなる箱形構造を有する。2枚の整流板11a,11bは、各テーブル3a,3b内の4つの側板10に互に上下に離間し、かつ底板8と平行になるように取付けられている。給気口12は、底板8と下部の整流板11a間に位置する側板10部分に開口されている。吸引ファン13は、底板8と下部の整流板11a間の空間に給気口12と連通して配置されている。複数、例えば4つの白熱球18は、底板8と下部の整流板11a間の空間にその空間内の空気を加熱するために配置されている。帯状吹き出し口14は、天板9の中央にサーマルマネキン4の対面方向に対して直角方向に亘って形成されている。
<Examples 1 and 2: Underfloor ventilation + heated table blowout>
Each table 3a, 3b installed in the smoking room 1 of FIGS. 1 and 2 has a box-shaped structure including a bottom plate 8, a top plate 9, and four side plates 10 as shown in FIG. The two rectifying plates 11 a and 11 b are attached to the four side plates 10 in the tables 3 a and 3 b so as to be spaced apart from each other and parallel to the bottom plate 8. The air supply port 12 is opened in the side plate 10 portion located between the bottom plate 8 and the lower rectifying plate 11a. The suction fan 13 is disposed in communication with the air supply port 12 in the space between the bottom plate 8 and the lower rectifying plate 11a. A plurality of, for example, four incandescent balls 18 are arranged in the space between the bottom plate 8 and the lower rectifying plate 11a in order to heat the air in the space. The strip-shaped outlet 14 is formed in the center of the top plate 9 in a direction perpendicular to the facing direction of the thermal mannequin 4.
 図1および図2に示す構造を有する喫煙室1において、喫煙室1の床2のアンダーフロアー給気構造から新鮮な空気を給気することによって喫煙室1に穏やかな上昇気流を発生する。上昇気流は、天井6の排気口5を通して排気する。給気および排気による喫煙室1の換気の間に、テーブル3a,3b内の白熱球18を発熱させながら、吸引ファン13を作動して喫煙室1の空気を給気口12からテーブル3a,3b内に吸引する。吸引された空気は、底板8と下部の整流板11a間の空間で白熱球15により加温される。加温された空気は、2枚の整流板11b、11aを通過する間に整流され、テーブル3a,3bの天板9の帯状吹き出し口14から上方に向けて帯状の吹出し流15として吹出す。この加温した空気の吹出しを加温したテ-ブル吹出しと称す。 In the smoking room 1 having the structure shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a gentle updraft is generated in the smoking room 1 by supplying fresh air from the underfloor air supply structure of the floor 2 of the smoking room 1. The ascending air current is exhausted through the exhaust port 5 of the ceiling 6. While the smoking room 1 is ventilated by air supply and exhaust, the incandescent bulb 18 in the tables 3a and 3b is heated, and the suction fan 13 is operated to draw the air in the smoking room 1 from the air supply port 12 to the tables 3a and 3b. Aspirate into. The sucked air is heated by the incandescent bulb 15 in the space between the bottom plate 8 and the lower rectifying plate 11a. The warmed air is rectified while passing through the two rectifying plates 11b and 11a, and is blown upward as a zonal blowing flow 15 from the zonal blowing port 14 of the top plate 9 of the tables 3a and 3b. This warm air blow is called a warmed table blow.
 評価条件は次の通りである。 The evaluation conditions are as follows.
 ・アンダーフロアー給気構造からの給気、天井の排気口からの排気による1時間あたりの換気回数:20回、
 ・加温したテーブル吹出しの速度:1.2m/s、
 ・加温したテーブル吹出しの温度:実施例1[テーブルの給気温度(25℃)+加温温度(4℃)]、実施例2[テーブルの給気温度(25℃)+加温温度(8℃)]。
・ Air supply from the underfloor air supply structure, ventilation from the ceiling exhaust port per hour: 20 times
-The speed of the heated table outlet: 1.2 m / s
-Temperature of the heated table outlet: Example 1 [Table air supply temperature (25 ° C) + Heating temperature (4 ° C)], Example 2 [Table air supply temperature (25 ° C) + Heating temperature ( 8 ° C.)].
 なお、テーブルからの空気吹出しを行わないときの喫煙室の天井温度は27℃である。 Note that the ceiling temperature of the smoking room when the air is not blown from the table is 27 ° C.
 <比較例1:混合換気>
 評価条件は次の通りである。
<Comparative Example 1: Mixed ventilation>
The evaluation conditions are as follows.
 ・喫煙室の攪拌:アンダーフロアー給気およびテーブル吹出し行わず、天井に設置したカセットエアコン(図示せず)で攪拌、
 ・天井の排気口からの空気の排気速度:1.75m/s。
・ Agitating in the smoking room: without underfloor air supply and table blowing, agitating with a cassette air conditioner (not shown) installed on the ceiling,
-Air exhaust speed from the ceiling exhaust port: 1.75 m / s.
 <比較例2:アンダーフロアー換気>
 評価条件は次の通りである。
<Comparative Example 2: Underfloor ventilation>
The evaluation conditions are as follows.
 ・アンダーフロアー給気構造からの給気、天井の排気口からの排気による1時間あたりの換気回数:20回。 ∙ Ventilation per hour by air supply from underfloor air supply structure and exhaust from ceiling exhaust port: 20 times.
 <比較例3:アンダーフロアー換気+テーブル吹出し>
 評価条件は次の通りである。
<Comparative Example 3: Underfloor ventilation + Table blowout>
The evaluation conditions are as follows.
 ・アンダーフロアー給気構造からの給気、天井の排気口からの排気による1時間あたりの換気回数:20回、
 ・テーブル吹出しの速度:1.2m/s。
・ Air supply from the underfloor air supply structure, ventilation from the ceiling exhaust port per hour: 20 times
-Table blowing speed: 1.2 m / s.
 このような実施例1,2および比較例1~3の換気方法によるたばこ粉塵濃度の結果を図11に示す。なお、図11中の隣接する2つの棒グラフのうち、左側の棒グラフは図1に示すテーブル近傍の測定点A,B,Cの平均値を示し、右側の棒グラフは図1に示す喫煙室の測定点a,b,cの平均値を示す。図11中の折れ線は、テーブル近傍の測定点A,B,Cと喫煙室の測定点a,b,cの全平均値を示す。実施例1,2および比較例2,3のそれぞれの平均値は、比較例1の混合換気における全平均値を100としたときの相対値(%)で表わしている。 FIG. 11 shows the result of the tobacco dust concentration by the ventilation methods of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3. Of the two adjacent bar graphs in FIG. 11, the left bar graph shows the average value of measurement points A, B, and C near the table shown in FIG. 1, and the right bar graph shows the measurement of the smoking room shown in FIG. The average value of points a, b, and c is shown. The broken line in FIG. 11 shows the total average value of the measurement points A, B, C near the table and the measurement points a, b, c in the smoking room. The average values of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 2 and 3 are expressed as relative values (%) when the total average value in the mixed ventilation of Comparative Example 1 is 100.
 図11の結果から明らかなように、実施例1,2のようにアンダーフロアー換気において加温したテーブル吹出しを行うことによって、加温しないテーブル吹出し(比較例3)で問題になる喫煙室の粉塵濃度の増加を抑制しつつ、テーブル近傍の粉塵濃度を低減できることが分かる。また、喫煙室の粉塵濃度とテーブル近傍の粉塵濃度との全平均を比較例1~3と比べると、加温したテーブル吹出しを行うことによって、混合換気(比較例1)に比べて粉塵濃度を著しく低減できることが分かる。 As is clear from the results of FIG. 11, the dust in the smoking room, which is a problem with the non-heated table blowout (Comparative Example 3), is obtained by performing the warmed table blowout in the underfloor ventilation as in Examples 1 and 2. It can be seen that the dust concentration in the vicinity of the table can be reduced while suppressing the increase in concentration. In addition, comparing the total average of the dust concentration in the smoking room and the dust concentration in the vicinity of the table with Comparative Examples 1 to 3, the heated table blows out, so that the dust concentration is lower than with mixed ventilation (Comparative Example 1). It can be seen that it can be significantly reduced.
 以上のことから実施例1,2のようにアンダーフロアー換気の間に加温したテーブル吹出しを併用することによって、混合換気に比べて換気量を増大させることなく、喫煙室全体の粉塵濃度を低減できると共に、吐出煙の影響を著しく改善できる。 From the above, the dust concentration in the entire smoking room is reduced without increasing the ventilation volume compared with the mixed ventilation by using together the table outlet heated during the underfloor ventilation as in Examples 1 and 2. In addition, the influence of discharged smoke can be remarkably improved.
 <実施例3:置換換気+加温したテーブル吹出し>
 ・床近傍の側壁に設けた給気口からの給気、天井の排気口からの排気による1時間あたりの換気回数:20回、
 ・加温したテーブル吹出しの速度:1.2m/s、
 ・加温したテーブル吹出しの温度:テーブルの給気温度(24℃)+加温温度(8℃)。
<Example 3: Replacement ventilation + heated table blowing>
・ Ventilation frequency per hour by air supply from the air supply port provided on the side wall near the floor and exhaust from the ceiling exhaust port: 20 times,
-The speed of the heated table outlet: 1.2 m / s
The temperature of the heated table outlet: the supply air temperature (24 ° C.) of the table + the heating temperature (8 ° C.).
 なお、テーブルからの空気吹出しを行わないときの喫煙室の天井温度は、26℃である。 The ceiling temperature of the smoking room when the air is not blown from the table is 26 ° C.
 <比較例4:混合換気>
 評価条件は次の通りである。
<Comparative Example 4: Mixed ventilation>
The evaluation conditions are as follows.
 ・喫煙室の攪拌:アンダーフロアー給気およびテーブル吹出し行わず、天井に設置したカセットエアコン(図示せず)で攪拌、
 ・天井の排気口からの空気の排気速度:1.75m/s。
・ Agitating in the smoking room: without underfloor air supply and table blowing, agitating with a cassette air conditioner (not shown) installed on the ceiling,
-Air exhaust speed from the ceiling exhaust port: 1.75 m / s.
 <比較例5:置換換気>
 評価条件は次の通りである。
<Comparative Example 5: Replacement ventilation>
The evaluation conditions are as follows.
 ・床近傍の側壁に設けた給気口からの給気、天井の排気口からの排気による1時間あたりの換気回数:20回
 このような実施例3および比較例4,5の換気方法によるたばこ粉塵濃度の結果を図12に示す。なお、図12中の隣接する2つの棒グラフのうち、左側の棒グラフは図1に示すテーブル近傍の測定点A,B,Cの平均値を示し、右側の棒グラフは図1に示す喫煙室の測定点a,b,cの平均値を示す。図12中の折れ線は、テーブル近傍の測定点A,B,Cと喫煙室の測定点a,b,cの全平均値を示す。実施例3および比較例5のそれぞれの平均値は、比較例4の混合換気における全平均値を100としたときの相対値(%)で表わしている。
・ Ventilation frequency per hour by air supply from the air supply port provided on the side wall near the floor and exhaust from the ceiling exhaust port: 20 cigarettes by the ventilation method of Example 3 and Comparative Examples 4 and 5 The result of the dust concentration is shown in FIG. Of the two adjacent bar graphs in FIG. 12, the left bar graph shows the average value of the measurement points A, B, and C near the table shown in FIG. 1, and the right bar graph shows the measurement of the smoking room shown in FIG. Average values of points a, b, and c are shown. The broken line in FIG. 12 shows the total average value of the measurement points A, B, C near the table and the measurement points a, b, c in the smoking room. Each average value of Example 3 and Comparative Example 5 is expressed as a relative value (%) when the total average value in the mixed ventilation of Comparative Example 4 is 100.
 図12の結果から明らかなように、実施例3のように置換換気において加温したテーブル吹出しを行うことによって、置換換気(比較例5)に比べてテーブル近傍の粉塵濃度および喫煙室の粉塵濃度を低減できることが分かる。また、喫煙室の粉塵濃度とテーブル近傍の粉塵濃度との全平均を比べると、加温したテーブル吹出しを行うことによって、混合換気(比較例4)に比べて粉塵濃度を著しく低減できることが分かる。 As is clear from the results of FIG. 12, by performing table blowing heated in replacement ventilation as in Example 3, the dust concentration in the vicinity of the table and the dust concentration in the smoking room compared to replacement ventilation (Comparative Example 5). It can be seen that can be reduced. Moreover, when the total average of the dust density | concentration of a smoking room and the dust density | concentration of the table vicinity is compared, it turns out that a dust density | concentration can be reduced significantly compared with mixed ventilation (comparative example 4) by performing the heated table blowing.
 以上のことから実施例3のように置換換気の間に加温したテーブル換気を併用することによって、混合換気に比べて換気量を増大させることなく、喫煙室全体の粉塵濃度を低減できると共に、吐出煙の影響を著しく改善できる。 From the above, by using together table ventilation heated during replacement ventilation as in Example 3, the dust concentration of the entire smoking room can be reduced without increasing the ventilation volume compared to mixed ventilation, The influence of the discharged smoke can be remarkably improved.

Claims (6)

  1.  床または床近傍に設けられた給気口と、天井または天井近傍に設けられた排気口と、前記床に設置され、腰掛けた人が向き合うテーブルと、腰掛けた人が向き合う方向と直角方向に平行もしくは略平行になるように前記テーブルに形成される帯状の吹き出し口とを備えた喫煙室を換気する方法であって、
     前記床または床近傍の前記給気口から給気することによって穏やかな上昇気流を発生する工程;
     前記上昇気流を前記天井または天井近傍の前記排気口を通して排気する工程;および
     前記テーブルの前記帯状吹き出し口から加温した空気を上方に向けて吹出す工程
    を含み、
     前記加温した空気は、前記テーブルからの空気吹出しのない状態での前記天井または天井近傍の温度より高い温度を有する喫煙室の換気方法。
    An air supply port provided on or near the floor, an exhaust port provided on the ceiling or near the ceiling, a table installed on the floor and facing a seated person, and a direction perpendicular to the direction facing the seated person Or a method for ventilating a smoking room with a strip-shaped outlet formed in the table so as to be substantially parallel,
    Generating a gentle updraft by supplying air from the air inlet near the floor or near the floor;
    Exhausting the updraft through the ceiling or the exhaust port near the ceiling; and blowing the heated air upward from the strip-shaped air outlet of the table;
    The method for ventilating a smoking room, wherein the heated air has a temperature higher than a temperature at or near the ceiling in a state where no air is blown from the table.
  2.  前記テーブルからの加温した空気の吹出しは、0.6m/s以上の速度を有する請求項1記載の喫煙室の換気方法。 The method for ventilating a smoking room according to claim 1, wherein the blowing of warm air from the table has a speed of 0.6 m / s or more.
  3.  前記給気口からの給気および前記排気口からの排気による換気は、アンダーフロアー換気である請求項1記載の喫煙室の換気方法。 The method for ventilating a smoking room according to claim 1, wherein the ventilation by the supply from the supply port and the exhaust from the exhaust port is underfloor ventilation.
  4.  前記給気口からの給気および前記排気口からの排気による換気は、置換換気である請求項1記載の喫煙室の換気方法。 The method of ventilating a smoking room according to claim 1, wherein ventilation by supply from the supply port and exhaust from the exhaust port is replacement ventilation.
  5.  前記給気口からの給気および前記排気口からの排気による換気は、ガラリを用いる第三種換気である請求項1記載の喫煙室の換気方法。 The method for ventilating a smoking room according to claim 1, wherein ventilation by supply from the supply port and exhaust from the exhaust port is third-type ventilation using a louver.
  6.  前記給気口からの給気および前記排気口からの排気による1時間あたりの換気回数は、40回以下である請求項1記載の喫煙室の換気方法。 The method for ventilating a smoking room according to claim 1, wherein the number of ventilations per hour by the supply from the supply port and the exhaust from the exhaust port is 40 times or less.
PCT/JP2011/068176 2011-08-09 2011-08-09 Smoking room ventilation method WO2013021466A1 (en)

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