200829752 九、發明說明 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明有關一軌道枕木或“墊木”，該類型枕木包含 •一堅硬塊料’其具有一底部面、及一用於承接至少 一縱向軌道之頂部面； •一蓋子，用於承接該堅硬塊料且呈一堅硬殼體之形 式，並包含一底部及一環繞著該底部之周遭邊緣；及 •一彈性墊板，其設置於該堅硬塊料之底部面與該蓋 子的底部之間。 【先前技術】 此等枕木通常被用於安置一沒有路床之鐵路，例如在 諸如隧道或高架橋之結構中或於該結構上，在此該等枕木 被路床或厚板所支撐。 歐洲專利第ΕΡ-Α-0 9 1 9 666號敘述此類型之枕木。該 堅硬蓋子被嵌入在一混凝土厚板中，且隨其一起形成一堅 硬之組件。 每一軌道大致上停靠在一彈性支承元件上，並設置於 每一軌道及該堅硬塊料之間。該等彈性支承元件如此形成 第一彈性架台。當安置該軌道時，它們可被安裝，或例如 當該枕木被組裝時預先安裝。 放置在該塊料及該堅硬蓋子間之彈性墊板形成第二彈 性架台。 -5 - 200829752 當火車通過時，藉由該等軌道所產生之震動本質上係 於該第一及第二彈性架台中減弱。 然而，當火車正通過此一如目前已知之軌道系統上方 時，機械式震動之衰減係完全未令人滿意的。該截止頻率 及該插入增益兩者係譬如大於浮動厚板上之軌道系統的截 止頻率及插入增益。 【發明內容】 本發明的一目標係改善該前述枕木之震動衰減性能， 特別於高達2 5 0赫茲的頻率範圍中，其被考慮爲能夠對於 周圍建築物產生公害，亦同時限制該軌道系統所遭受之疲 勞及應力。 爲此目的，本發明提供上面指定類型之枕木，其特徵 爲該彈性墊板具有位在 6千牛頓/毫米（kN/mm )至 1 OkN/mm的範圍中、且較佳地是在6kN/mm至8kN/mm的 範圍中之動態勁度k2。 根據本發明之其他特徵： •該彈性墊板具有一實質上平坦之頂部面及一實質上 平坦之底部面； •該塊料具有四個將該頂部面連接至該底部面之周邊 面，該枕木包含彈性墊片，該等墊片設置於該塊料的每一 周邊面及該蓋子的周遭邊緣之間； •該等彈性墊片包含動態勁度位在20 kN/mm至25 kN/mm的範圍中之至少二縱向彈性墊片、及動態勁度位在 200829752 15 kN/mm至18 kN/mm的範圍中之至少二橫向彈性墊片； •該等枕木在該堅硬塊料之頂部面上包含一彈性支承 元件，該支承元件之動態勁度位在 UO kN/mm至 300 kN/mm的車E圍中、較佳地是2〇〇 kN/mm至300 kN/mm的 範圍中’該彈性支承元件係設計成可承接支承抵靠著該處 之軌道； •該枕木包含單一塊料及單一蓋子； •該塊料具有位在3 5 0公斤（kg)至450 kg的範圍 中、較佳地是在400kg至45 0kg的範圍中之重量； •該枕木包含二塊料、二與其相聯之個別的蓋子、及 一互連該二塊料之橫向嵌木；及 •每一塊料具有位在l〇〇kg至150kg的範圍中、較佳 地是在130kg至150kg的範圍中之重量。 本發明亦提供一軌道片段，其特徵爲該軌道片段包含 一如上述之枕木、及支承在該枕木上之至少一軌道。 【實施方式】 本發明的第一具體實施例中之軌道片段2係槪要地顯 示於圖1中。該片段2包含繋緊在一枕木8上之二縱向軌 道4。該枕木8包含單一堅硬混凝土塊料9及設置於每一 軌道4及該塊料9間之二彈性支承元件1 〇。 藉由習俗，該等縱向軌道4界定一用於該縱向中之參 考。 該等彈性支承元件1 〇實質上係呈長方形之平行六面 -7- 200829752 體的形式。於圖1所示範例中’其寬度實質 道4之基底的寬度，且其長度係實質上等於 度。 該彈性支承元件1 〇係承接該塊料9中 中。每一凹部12之橫截面形狀係實質上爲 所示範例中，每一凹部12之寬度及長度實 彈性支承元件1 0之個別寬度及長度。 當作範例，該等彈性支承元件1 〇係黏 該枕木8。 每一軌道4係藉著軌道緊固件（未示出 料9，該等軌道緊固件防止軌道關於該塊料 位移，並固定該軌道4與該塊料9及與每一^ 10° 遍及下面之敘述，在考慮下所給與之頻 或等於2 5 0赫茲），動態勁度總是被考慮爲 質上等於靜態勁度的百分之1 3 〇。 該等彈性支承元件1 〇形成直立動態勁g 性架台14，如在圖4之模型中所顯示。每一 被建立成懸浮在動態勁度kl之彈簧1 6的第 彈簧16之第二端部係連結至該塊料9。 每一彈性支承元件1 〇具有位在該範圍 3 00kN/mm中之動態勁度kl，且較佳地是於 300kN/mm之範圍中。 當作範例，用於每一彈性支承元件1 0 •上係等於該軌 該塊料9之寬 之個別凹部1 2 I方形。在圖1 質上係等於一 著性地黏合至 )附接至該塊 9之任何橫向 彈性支承元件 率範圍（少於 恆定的，且實 g k 1之第一彈 軌道4之模型 一端部上。該 120kN/mm 至 200kN/mm 至 之材料係：橡 -8 - 200829752 膠、聚氨酯、或任何其他彈性材料。 在圖2及3中詳細地顯示之圖1的枕木8包含〜用於 承接該塊料9之蓋子20、一在該塊料9及該蓋子2〇之間 設置於實質上水平面中之彈性墊板22、及四塊在該塊料9 及該盍子2 0之間設置於個別實質上直立面中之彈性塾片 24,26 ° 該塊料9實質上係呈一長方形之平行六面體的形式， 且包含一頂部面32; —實質上平坦之底部面34，該塊料 停靠在該底部面上；及四個周邊面36,38，其分別經由〜 圓形邊緣44及一削角46連接該頂部面32至該底部面34 。該等周邊面36,38包含二縱向周邊面36及二橫向周邊 面 3 8 〇 ， 每一周邊面36,38具有一實質上平坦之底部36A，38A ，及一實質上平坦之頂部36B，3 8B，並具有一實質上平坦 之中介部份36C，38C，該等中介部份將每一底部36A，38A 互連至其對應之頂部36B，38B。該等縱向頂部36B及該等 橫向頂部38B互相往下聚合。該等縱向底部36A及該等橫 向底部38A互相往下聚合。該等縱向中介部份36C及該橫 向中介部份3 8 C互相往下聚合，相對該直立平面形成一角 度’該角度係大於藉由每一對應底部36A，38A所形成之角 度。 該塊料9被選擇爲特別大之重量。其重量在於350公 斤至450公斤之範圍中，且較佳地是於400公斤至450公 斤之範圍中。該塊料9之重量傳統上係藉由在該混凝土中 -9- 200829752 加入金屬元素所增加° 該蓋子20被一實質上堅硬之殼體所形成。該蓋子20 本質上包含一底部48及一沿著該底部48延伸之連續周遭 邊緣5 0。 該底部48具有一實質上平坦及長方形之頂部面52。 該蓋子20之周遭邊緣50具有四塊平板54,56。該四 塊平板5 4，5 6包含分別與該塊料9的縱向面3 6相連之二 縱向平板54、及分別與該等橫向面3 8相連之二橫向平板 56。每一平板54,56具有一個別之內側面62,64。每一內 側面62,64包含一實質上呈長方形平行六面體之形狀的外 殼66,6 8，每一外殼用於承接一個別之彈性墊片24,26。 該等外殻66,68實質上係平行於該塊料9之周邊面 36,38的對應底部36A，38A。每一外殼體66,68具有一藉 由連續之周遭肩部66 A,68A所界定的長方形周邊。每一外 殼66，68實質上亦具有相同之高度，並與其相關之底部 36A，38A具有相同之長度。每一內側面62,64具有一頂部 62A，64A，其係平坦且相對該直立面傾斜，並實質上係等 於或大於該塊料 9之周邊面3 6,3 8的對應中介部份 3 6C，3 8C之傾斜。該等頂部62A，64A實質上具有與該塊料 9之對應關聯中介部份36C，38C相同之長度。 該等平板5 4,56之內側面62,64的頂部62A，64A係連 接至該邊緣5 0的一連續之頂部邊緣70。於圖2及3所示 範例中，該頂部邊緣70具有二指狀物，用於繫緊一連續 之密封墊圏72。當作範例，該墊圈72係由天然或人造橡 -10- 200829752 膠所製成。其於該塊料9及該蓋子20之間提供密封，而 不會妨礙該塊料9於該蓋子20中之位移。其係亦可能藉 由鑄造一材料，諸如矽酮或聚氨酯以連續珠粒之形式製成 該密封墊圏72。 該盖子2 0之勁度係藉由肋條7 4所增強，該等肋條浮 凸地形成在該等平板5 4,5 6之外面上及局部在該底部48 之下。當作範例，它們係與該蓋子2 〇 —體成形。以該尖 端技術所習知之方式，特別是由歐洲專利第ΕΡ-Α-0 919 6 6 6號，這些肋條7 4可爲任何合適之形狀與相對該蓋子 20之任何合適的配置。在圖2及3所示範例中，它們具有 能夠使該蓋子20固定在一強度構件上之刻槽76。當安置 該軌道時，該等肋條74係至少局部嵌入混凝土中。它們 如此具有將該蓋子20固定至該塡料混凝土之作用。 在圖2及3所示範例中，該蓋子20被製成爲一單件 式模製件。以一未示出之方式’該蓋子20可藉由將複數 局部殼體組裝在一起所製成’如該尖端技術（例如歐洲專 利第ΕΡ-Α-0 919 666號）中所揭示者。在本發明之第一具 體實施例中’用於一單件式枕木8 ’這些可包含譬如二塊 半殼體，在每一端部具有一塊半殻體；及一互連該二端部 半殼體之中心殻體。 當作範例’該蓋子20係由模製熱塑性材料或樹脂混 凝土所製成。 該彈性婺板2 2實質上係呈長方形之平行六面體的形 式，且具有實質上平坦之頂部及底部面，用於使該彈性墊 -11 - 200829752 板2 2所遭受之機械應力減至最小及避免疲勞之問題。其 長度及寬度實質上係分別等於該塊料9之底部面34的長 度及寬度。 其厚度位在10毫米（mm)至20毫米之範圍中，較 佳地是於1 6毫米至2 0毫米之範圍中。該彈性墊板2 2如 此保持在一彈性領域中；其實質上對應於一少於或等於百 分之40的最大變形量。該變形量係藉由該彈性墊板22於 一自由狀態及一加載狀態之間所呈現的厚度變化之比率。 該彈性墊板22形成直立動態勁度k2之第二彈性架台 78，如圖4之模型所示。該堅硬塊料9被模製成爲懸浮在 動態勁度k2的二彈簧80之第一端部上。該等彈簧80之 第二端部係連結至該蓋子20。 本發明之彈性墊板22具有動態勁度k2，其係少於傳 統上使用的裝置之動態勁度。該動態勁度 k2在於 6 kN/mm至10kN/mm之範圍中，且較佳地是於6 kN/mm至 8 kN/mm之範圍中。 當作範例，該彈性墊板22係由一蜂窩狀彈性體材料 所製成。 於一較佳具體實施例中，該彈性墊板22具有在其整 個區域上方實質上均勻之直立動態勁度k2。 於另一具體實施例中，該彈性墊板22於該塊料9的 一中心區域中具有直立之動態勁度k3，其係少於或等於 k2。在該塊料9之實質上一半區域上方，該中心區域包含 該塊料9之中間，且在該塊料9之中間的任一側面上橫向 • 12 - 200829752 地延伸朝向該等端部。既然此中心區域係較少應力，其係 可能在其中使用一更有彈性之材料，並因此較便宜。 該彈性墊板22能自由地停靠在該蓋子20之底部48 上。其可如此由該蓋子20輕易地移去。 有利地是，該枕木8亦具有一實質上不能壓縮厚度元 件8 2，如在圖2及3所示。 該厚度元件82實質上係呈一長方形平行六面體之形 式。其長度及其寬度實質上係等於該蓋子20之底部48的 頂部面52之長度及寬度。其厚度係少於或等於1 〇毫米， 且較佳地是在於2毫米至4毫米之範圍中。 該厚度元件82自由地停靠在該蓋子20之底部48上 。其可由該蓋子20輕易地移去，或其能被加至該蓋子20 ，以便調整該軌道之整平。 有利地是，該彈性墊板22自由地停靠在該厚度元件 82上。 該厚度元件82之表面係充分粗糙的，以避免該彈性 墊板22於該蓋子20中滑動。當作範例，此粗糙度係藉著 鋸齒、鑽石尖端、或倒鉤所獲得。 每一彈性墊片 24,26具有一外面 24A,26A及一內面 24B,26B、與四周邊面。 該等外面及內面24A，26A及24B，26B係實質上相同之 尺寸，且它們呈現一實質上長方形之外觀。 該等外面及內面24A，26A及24B，26B之長度及寬度實 質上分別等於該蓋子20的周遭邊緣50中之對應外殼 -13- 200829752 66,68的長度及寬度。 該等彈性墊片2 4，2 6係面朝該等對應外殻6 6,6 8。當 作範例，它們被該彈性墊片24，2 6之周邊面及每一外殻 66,68的周遭肩部66A，68A間之摩擦所固定。該等彈性墊 片24,26可如此被輕易地移去。 每一彈性墊片24，2 6亦可藉由彈扣鉚合所固定。譬如 ，該等外殼66,68可具有溝槽，且該等彈性墊片24,26可 具有互補之凹槽。 該等彈性墊片24,26具有大於該外殼6 6,6 8之深度的 厚度，以致它們相對該等肩部66A，68A突出。 該等內面24B，26B僅只壓按抵靠著該堅硬塊料9的周 邊面3 6,3 8之對應底部36A,38A。 如在圖2及3所示，該等內面24B，2 6B係設有增加其 彈性之溝槽。 該等彈性墊片24,26具有於12kN/mm至25kN/mm範 圍中之動態勁度。當作範例，它們係由橡膠、聚氨酯、或 任何其他彈性材料所製成。 對應於該等縱向周邊面3 6之縱向墊片24係比對應於 該等橫向周邊面38之橫向墊片26遭受較大的力量。可如 此有利地選擇該等縱向墊片24，以具有大於該等橫向墊片 26之動態勁度。如此，該等縱向墊片24具有譬如位於 20kN/mm至25kN/mm範圍中之動態勁度，而該等橫向墊 片26具有位於1 5kN/mm至1 8kN/mm範圍中之動態勁度。 在正常之操作條件下，該等彈性墊片24,26保持該塊 -14- 200829752 料9遠離該蓋子20之內面，62,64。 該等彈性墊片2 4，2 6如此爲該塊料9提供水平之阻尼 。此水平之阻尼係由該直立阻尼分離，該直立阻尼係藉由 該等彈性支承元件1 〇及該彈性墊板2 2所獲得。 應觀察到該等彈性墊片之數目係不受限制的。當作範 例，該枕木8可在該塊料9之每一側面上並肩地具有二橫 向墊片34。 圖5顯示一先前技藝枕木與一按照本發明之枕木的聲 苜性能。圖5將插入增益描繪爲頻率之一函數。在此範例 中，在當包含一彈性墊板時所獲得的測量振幅之値（速度 、加速度、力量等）、及當未包含該彈性墊板時所獲得的 測量振幅之値（看法國標準ISO 14837-1:2005 )之間，插 入增益係以分貝（dB )表示之比率。於所敘述之範例中， 這是施加在該蓋子20上之力量。該振幅的値中之減少係 藉由具有負號之插入增益所表示。 再者，該截止頻率係超出該插入增益被觀察到減少之 頻率。 kldyn係該等彈性支承元件1〇之動態勁度，且k2dyn 係該等彈性墊板22之動態勁度，及Μ係該塊料9之重量 〇 用於k2dyn =每公尺2 1 .3兆牛頓（MN/m ) 、Μ = 200公 斤、及kldyn=150MN/m，將插入增益表示爲頻率之函數的 曲線構成一參考曲線S 1，顯示該先前技藝裝置之性能。 第二曲線顯示本發明之枕木的性能，並具有k2dyn = 8MN/m -15- 200829752 、M = 400 公斤、及 kldyn = 270MN/m。 於〇至1 0赫茲（Hz )之範圍中，該震動衰減性能實 質上係相同的。於10Hz至25Hz之範圍中，該插入增益係 大於用於該曲線S1者數個分貝。於25Hz至250Hz之範圍 中’該插入增益係少於該曲線S1達數個分貝。 再者’該截止頻率係低於該曲線S 1者（2 0 Hz取代 32Hz)。 如此’於25Hz至25 0Hz之範圍中，本發明之一枕木 的性能係實質上更好的。 於圖6所示第二具體實施例中，該枕木丨〇 8包含藉由 一嵌木184互連之二堅硬塊料ι〇9。在該二塊料枕木ι〇8 係極類似於該單一塊料枕木8的範圍內，與圖丨至4中所 使用之參考數字相同的參考數字被使用於圖6中，但增加 100 ° 該等盍子1 2 0之長度係設計成適於承接該等塊料1 0 9 。相同設計應用於該等橫向墊片126及該等彈性墊板ι22 。顯示單一塊料枕木8之圖2及3亦完全可適用於說明一 枕木1 0 8。 於單塊料枕木8及該二塊料枕木108間之主要差異 在於存在有一貫穿進入該二塊料1〇9之嵌木184。 該等彈性墊板1 22的動態勁度k2中之減少及/或該 等塊料109的重量中之增加產生一大縱向彎曲移動。 如此，該嵌木：1 84係呈一被設計成適於獲得大第二面 積矩之形狀。譬如其可爲於一角鋼之形式或一圓柱體之形 -16- 200829752 式。當作範例，該嵌木184具有一位在800平方毫米（ mm2 )至l5〇〇mm2之橫截面積，及位於6毫米至10毫米 之範圍中的厚度。當作範例，其可爲由一遵守EN 1323 0-3 標準之鋼鐵所製成。 每一塊料109具有位在100公斤至150公斤之範圍中 的重量，較佳地是於130公斤至150公斤之範圍中。 在承受源自本發明之額外的機械應力時，應觀察到該 單一塊料枕木8係特別良好的。 將了解以本發明之枕木，於該彈性墊板22,1 22的動 態勁度k2中之減少具有獲得更好之震動衰減性能的作用 ，特別是在25Hz至250 Hz之範圍中藉由降低該截止頻率 及藉由降低該插入增益。 對於該彈性墊板22,122之給定的動態勁度k2，該塊 料9,109的重量中之增加亦使其可能降低該截止頻率，且 如此改善該枕木8 , 1 0 8在低頻之性能。雖然如此，高於某 一重量，該枕木8,108所遭受之機械應力變得太大。 在200Hz至250Hz之範圍中，該等彈性支承元件 1 〇，1 1 〇的動態勁度k1中之增加減少該插入增益，並將及 將該共振頻率移向較高之頻率’使該共振頻率爲在該插入 增益被觀察到上昇之頻率。 本發明如此使其可能以一浮動之厚板獲得接近該震動 衰減性能，使其截止頻率位於14HZ至20Hz之範圍中，及 位在63Hz具有-25分貝之插入增益。 -17- 200829752 【圖式簡單說明】 本發明可在讀取經由範例所給予之以下敘述及參考該 等圖面時被更佳了解，其中： •圖1係第一具體實施例中之軌道片段的槪要橫截面 圖； •圖2係圖1的枕木以剖面顯示之更詳細的槪要橫截 面圖； •圖3係圖1及2的枕木之槪要縱向橫截面圖； •圖4係建立圖1之軌道片段的模型之圖解； •圖5係一曲線圖，顯示本發明的枕木之聲學性能； 及 •圖6係一類似於圖1之視圖，並顯示第二具體實施 例中之軌道片段。 【主要元件符號說明】 2 :片段 4 :軌道 8 :枕木 9 :塊料 1 〇 :支承元件 1 2 :凹部 1 6 :彈簧 20 :蓋子 22 :墊板 -18 - 200829752 24 :彈性墊片 24A :外面 24B :內面 2 6 :彈性墊片 2 6 A :外面 26B :內面 3 2 :頂部面 3 4 :底部面 3 6 :周邊面 36A :底部 36B :頂部 3 6C :中介部份 3 8 :周邊面 38A :底部 3 8B :頂部 3 8C :中介部份 44 :圓形邊緣 46 :削角 4 8 :底部 5 0 :邊緣 52 :頂部面 54 :平板 5 6 :平板 62 :內側面 -19 200829752 62A :頂部 64 :內側面 64A :頂部 6 6 :外殼 6 6 A :肩部 6 8 :外殼 6 8 A :肩部 70 :頂部邊緣 72 :墊圏 74 :肋條 7 6 :刻槽 7 8 :彈性架台 8 0 :彈簧 82 :厚度元件 1 0 8 :枕木 1 0 9 :塊料 1 1 〇 :支承元件 120 :蓋子 122 :墊板 126 :橫向墊片 1 84 :嵌木 -20200829752 IX. Description of the Invention [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a track sleeper or "stack" comprising a rigid block having a bottom surface and a receiving surface for at least one longitudinal track a top cover; a cover for receiving the rigid block and in the form of a rigid casing, and comprising a bottom and a peripheral edge surrounding the bottom; and a resilient pad disposed on the rigid block Between the bottom surface of the material and the bottom of the lid. [Prior Art] These sleepers are typically used to house a railway without a road bed, such as in or on a structure such as a tunnel or viaduct, where the sleepers are supported by a road bed or plank. European Patent No. ΕΡ-Α-0 9 1 9 666 describes this type of sleeper. The rigid cover is embedded in a concrete slab and together forms a rigid component. Each track rests substantially on an elastic support member and is disposed between each track and the rigid block. The resilient support members thus form a first resilient frame. When the track is placed, they can be installed or pre-installed, for example, when the sleeper is assembled. An elastic pad placed between the block and the hard cover forms a second elastic stand. -5 - 200829752 When the train passes, the vibrations generated by the tracks are essentially weakened in the first and second elastic platforms. However, the attenuation of the mechanical vibration is completely unsatisfactory when the train is passing over the track system as is currently known. The cutoff frequency and the insertion gain are both greater than the cutoff frequency and insertion gain of the track system on the floating slab. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION One object of the present invention is to improve the vibration damping performance of the foregoing sleepers, particularly in the frequency range up to 250 Hz, which is considered to be able to cause pollution to surrounding buildings, and at the same time limit the track system. Suffering from fatigue and stress. To this end, the present invention provides a sleeper of the type specified above, characterized in that the elastic backing plate has a position in the range of 6 kN/mm (kN/mm) to 1 OkN/mm, and preferably 6 kN/ Dynamic stiffness k2 in the range of mm to 8 kN/mm. According to still further features of the invention: • the resilient pad has a substantially flat top surface and a substantially flat bottom surface; • the block has four peripheral faces joining the top surface to the bottom surface, The sleeper comprises elastic spacers disposed between each peripheral surface of the block and the peripheral edge of the cover; • the elastic spacers include dynamic stiffness of 20 kN/mm to 25 kN/mm At least two longitudinal elastic gaskets in the range, and at least two transverse elastic gaskets having a dynamic stiffness in the range of 200829752 15 kN/mm to 18 kN/mm; • the sleepers are on the top surface of the hard block The upper part comprises an elastic supporting element whose dynamic stiffness is in the range of U0 kN/mm to 300 kN/mm in the vehicle E, preferably in the range of 2 〇〇 kN/mm to 300 kN/mm. The elastic support element is designed to receive a bearing against the track; • the sleeper comprises a single block and a single cover; • the block has a range of from 350 kg (kg) to 450 kg, The best is the weight in the range of 400kg to 45 0kg; • The sleeper contains two pieces Material, two separate lids associated therewith, and a transverse panel interconnecting the two blocks; and • each block having a position in the range of l〇〇kg to 150kg, preferably 130kg to 150kg The weight in the range. The present invention also provides a track segment characterized in that the track segment comprises a sleeper as described above and at least one track supported on the sleeper. [Embodiment] The track segment 2 in the first embodiment of the present invention is schematically shown in Fig. 1. This segment 2 comprises two longitudinal tracks 4 fastened to a sleeper 8. The sleeper 8 comprises a single rigid concrete block 9 and two resilient support members 1 disposed between each track 4 and the block 9. By convention, the longitudinal tracks 4 define a reference for use in the longitudinal direction. The elastic support members 1 are substantially in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped -7-200829752 body. In the example shown in Figure 1, the width of the substrate is substantially the width of the substrate 4 and its length is substantially equal to the degree. The resilient support element 1 is tethered into the block 9. The cross-sectional shape of each recess 12 is substantially in the illustrated example, and the width and length of each recess 12 elastically support the individual widths and lengths of the elements 10. As an example, the elastic support members 1 are affixed to the sleepers 8. Each track 4 is made of track fasteners (not shown, the track fasteners prevent the track from being displaced about the block, and the track 4 and the block 9 are fixed with each and every 10° The narrative, given the frequency given or equal to 250 Hz, is always considered to be qualitatively equal to 13 percent of the static stiffness. The resilient support members 1 〇 form an upright dynamic gage 14 as shown in the model of FIG. The second end of each of the springs 16 that are established to be suspended in the spring 16 of the dynamic stiffness k1 is coupled to the block 9. Each of the elastic supporting members 1 has a dynamic stiffness k1 in the range of 300 kN/mm, and is preferably in the range of 300 kN/mm. As an example, for each elastic support element 10 • upper is equal to the width of the block 9 of the individual recesses 1 2 I square. In Figure 1, the mass is equal to one of the transverse elastic support element rate ranges attached to the block 9 (less than a constant, and the end of the first ball track 4 of the real gk 1 is on one end of the model. The material from 120kN/mm to 200kN/mm is: rubber-8 - 200829752 glue, polyurethane, or any other elastic material. The sleeper 8 of Fig. 1 shown in detail in Figs. 2 and 3 contains ~ for receiving the block The cover 20 of the material 9 , an elastic backing plate 22 disposed between the block 9 and the cover 2 实质上 in a substantially horizontal plane, and four blocks are disposed between the block 9 and the tweezers 20 The elastic gusset 24, 26° in the substantially erect surface is substantially in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped and includes a top surface 32; a substantially flat bottom surface 34, the slab Resting on the bottom surface; and four peripheral faces 36, 38 that connect the top face 32 to the bottom face 34 via a rounded edge 44 and a chamfer 46. The peripheral faces 36, 38 comprise two longitudinal faces. The peripheral surface 36 and the two lateral peripheral surfaces 3 8 〇, each of the peripheral surfaces 36, 38 has a substantially flat bottom 3 6A, 38A, and a substantially flat top portion 36B, 38B, and having a substantially planar intermediate portion 36C, 38C interconnecting each bottom portion 36A, 38A to its corresponding top portion 36B 38B. The longitudinal top portions 36B and the lateral top portions 38B are polymerized downwardly from each other. The longitudinal bottom portions 36A and the lateral bottom portions 38A are polymerized downwardly from each other. The longitudinal intermediate portions 36C and the horizontal intermediate portions 38 C is polymerized down to each other to form an angle with respect to the upright plane. The angle is greater than the angle formed by each of the corresponding bottom portions 36A, 38A. The block 9 is selected to be particularly large in weight. The weight is 350 kg to In the range of 450 kg, and preferably in the range of 400 kg to 450 kg. The weight of the block 9 is conventionally increased by the addition of metallic elements in the concrete -9-200829752. A substantially rigid housing is formed. The cover 20 essentially includes a bottom portion 48 and a continuous peripheral edge 50 extending along the bottom portion 48. The bottom portion 48 has a substantially flat and rectangular top surface 52. Week of cover 20 The edge 50 has four flat plates 54, 56. The four flat plates 5 4, 5 6 comprise two longitudinal flat plates 54 respectively connected to the longitudinal faces 36 of the block 9, and two respectively connected to the lateral faces 38. Transverse plate 56. Each plate 54, 56 has a further inner side 62, 64. Each inner side 62, 64 includes a housing 66, 6 in the shape of a substantially rectangular parallelepiped, for each housing A further resilient spacer 24, 26 is received. The outer casings 66, 68 are substantially parallel to the corresponding bottom portions 36A, 38A of the peripheral faces 36, 38 of the block 9. Each outer casing 66, 68 has a rectangular perimeter defined by successive circumferential shoulders 66 A, 68A. Each of the outer casings 66, 68 also has substantially the same height and has the same length as the associated bottom portions 36A, 38A. Each of the inner sides 62, 64 has a top portion 62A, 64A that is flat and inclined relative to the upright surface and substantially equal to or greater than the corresponding intermediate portion 3 6C of the peripheral surface 3, 3 8 of the block 9. , 3 8C tilt. The top portions 62A, 64A have substantially the same length as the associated intervening portions 36C, 38C of the block 9. The tops 62A, 64A of the inner sides 62, 64 of the plates 5, 56 are connected to a continuous top edge 70 of the edge 50. In the example shown in Figures 2 and 3, the top edge 70 has two fingers for fastening a continuous gasket 72. As an example, the gasket 72 is made of natural or synthetic rubber-10-200829752 glue. It provides a seal between the block 9 and the cover 20 without interfering with the displacement of the block 9 in the cover 20. It is also possible to make the gasket 72 in the form of continuous beads by casting a material such as anthrone or polyurethane. The stiffness of the cover 20 is reinforced by ribs 74 which are embossed on the outer faces of the plates 5 4, 5 6 and partially below the bottom portion 48. As an example, they are formed integrally with the lid 2 . In a manner known in the art of this tip, in particular from European Patent No. -0 919 6 66, these ribs 74 can be of any suitable shape and any suitable configuration relative to the cover 20. In the example shown in Figures 2 and 3, they have a notch 76 that enables the cover 20 to be secured to a strength member. When the track is placed, the ribs 74 are at least partially embedded in the concrete. They thus have the effect of fixing the cover 20 to the concrete of the dip. In the example shown in Figures 2 and 3, the cover 20 is formed as a one-piece molded part. In a manner not shown, the cover 20 can be made by assembling a plurality of partial housings as disclosed in the prior art (e.g., European Patent No. -0 919 666). In a first embodiment of the invention 'for a one-piece sleeper 8' these may comprise, for example, two half-shells having a half-shell at each end; and an interconnecting the two-end half-shell The center of the body. As an example, the cover 20 is made of a molded thermoplastic material or a resinous concrete. The elastic raft 22 is substantially in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped having substantially flat top and bottom faces for reducing the mechanical stress experienced by the resilient pad -11 - 200829752 plate 22 Minimal and avoid fatigue problems. The length and width are substantially equal to the length and width of the bottom face 34 of the block 9, respectively. The thickness is in the range of 10 mm (mm) to 20 mm, preferably in the range of 16 mm to 20 mm. The resilient pad 2 2 thus remains in an elastic field; it substantially corresponds to a maximum amount of deformation of less than or equal to 40%. The amount of deformation is a ratio of thickness variations exhibited by the resilient pad 22 between a free state and a loaded state. The resilient pad 22 forms a second resilient mount 78 of upright dynamic stiffness k2, as shown in the model of FIG. The rigid block 9 is molded to be suspended on the first end of the two springs 80 of the dynamic stiffness k2. The second ends of the springs 80 are coupled to the cover 20. The resilient pad 22 of the present invention has a dynamic stiffness k2 which is less than the dynamic stiffness of the conventionally used device. The dynamic stiffness k2 is in the range of 6 kN/mm to 10 kN/mm, and is preferably in the range of 6 kN/mm to 8 kN/mm. As an example, the resilient pad 22 is formed from a honeycomb elastomeric material. In a preferred embodiment, the resilient pad 22 has a substantially uniform upright dynamic stiffness k2 over its entire area. In another embodiment, the resilient pad 22 has an upright dynamic stiffness k3 in a central region of the block 9, which is less than or equal to k2. Above the substantially half of the region of the block 9, the central region comprises the middle of the block 9 and extends laterally 12 - 200829752 towards either end on either side of the block 9. Since this central area is less stressed, it may use a more flexible material and is therefore less expensive. The resilient pad 22 is free to rest on the bottom 48 of the cover 20. It can thus be easily removed by the cover 20. Advantageously, the sleeper 8 also has a substantially incapable compressible thickness member 8 2 as shown in Figures 2 and 3. The thickness member 82 is substantially in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped. Its length and its width are substantially equal to the length and width of the top surface 52 of the bottom 48 of the cover 20. The thickness is less than or equal to 1 mm, and is preferably in the range of 2 mm to 4 mm. The thickness member 82 is free to rest on the bottom 48 of the cover 20. It can be easily removed by the cover 20 or it can be applied to the cover 20 to adjust the leveling of the track. Advantageously, the resilient pad 22 rests freely on the thickness member 82. The surface of the thickness member 82 is sufficiently rough to prevent the resilient pad 22 from sliding within the cover 20. As an example, this roughness is obtained by sawtooth, diamond tips, or barbs. Each of the elastic spacers 24, 26 has an outer surface 24A, 26A and an inner surface 24B, 26B, and a peripheral surface. The outer and inner faces 24A, 26A and 24B, 26B are of substantially the same size and they exhibit a substantially rectangular appearance. The lengths and widths of the outer and inner faces 24A, 26A and 24B, 26B are substantially equal to the length and width of the corresponding outer casing - 13 - 200829752 66, 68 in the peripheral edge 50 of the cover 20, respectively. The elastic spacers 2 4, 26 are facing the corresponding housings 6, 6, 6 8 . As an example, they are secured by the friction between the peripheral faces of the resilient spacers 24, 26 and the peripheral shoulders 66A, 68A of each of the outer casings 66, 68. The resilient pads 24, 26 can thus be easily removed. Each of the elastic spacers 24, 26 can also be fixed by snap fastening. For example, the outer casings 66, 68 can have grooves and the resilient spacers 24, 26 can have complementary grooves. The resilient spacers 24, 26 have a thickness greater than the depth of the housings 6, 6, 8 such that they protrude relative to the shoulders 66A, 68A. The inner faces 24B, 26B are only pressed against the corresponding bottom portions 36A, 38A of the peripheral faces 3, 3, 8 of the rigid block 9. As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the inner faces 24B, 26B are provided with grooves which increase their elasticity. The resilient spacers 24, 26 have a dynamic stiffness in the range of 12 kN/mm to 25 kN/mm. As an example, they are made of rubber, polyurethane, or any other elastic material. The longitudinal shim 24 corresponding to the longitudinal peripheral faces 36 is subjected to greater force than the transverse shim 26 corresponding to the lateral peripheral faces 38. The longitudinal spacers 24 can advantageously be selected to have a greater dynamic stiffness than the transverse spacers 26. Thus, the longitudinal spacers 24 have dynamic stiffness such as in the range of 20 kN/mm to 25 kN/mm, and the lateral spacers 26 have dynamic stiffness in the range of 15 kN/mm to 18 kN/mm. Under normal operating conditions, the resilient spacers 24, 26 hold the block -14 - 200829752 material 9 away from the inner face of the cover 20, 62, 64. The resilient spacers 24, 26 thus provide horizontal damping of the block 9. This level of damping is separated by the upright damping obtained by the resilient support members 1 and the resilient pad 2 2 . It should be observed that the number of such elastic spacers is not limited. As an example, the sleeper 8 can have two transverse spacers 34 on each side of the block 9 side by side. Figure 5 shows the acoustic performance of a prior art sleeper and a sleeper according to the present invention. Figure 5 depicts the insertion gain as a function of frequency. In this example, the measured amplitude (speed, acceleration, force, etc.) obtained when an elastic pad is included, and the measured amplitude obtained when the elastic pad is not included (view country standard ISO) Between 14837-1:2005), the insertion gain is expressed in decibels (dB). In the example described, this is the force exerted on the cover 20. The decrease in the amplitude of the amplitude is represented by the insertion gain with a negative sign. Again, the cutoff frequency is outside the frequency at which the insertion gain is observed to decrease. Kldyn is the dynamic stiffness of the elastic support members 1 , and k2dyn is the dynamic stiffness of the elastic pads 22, and the weight of the block 9 is used for k2dyn = 21.3 megameters per meter. Newton (MN/m), Μ = 200 kg, and kldyn = 150 MN/m, the curve representing the insertion gain as a function of frequency constitutes a reference curve S1, showing the performance of the prior art device. The second curve shows the performance of the sleepers of the present invention and has k2dyn = 8 MN/m -15 - 200829752, M = 400 kg, and kldyn = 270 MN/m. In the range of 10 Hz (Hz), the vibration attenuation performance is substantially the same. In the range of 10 Hz to 25 Hz, the insertion gain is greater than a few decibels for the curve S1. In the range of 25 Hz to 250 Hz, the insertion gain is less than the decibel of the curve S1 by several decibels. Furthermore, the cutoff frequency is lower than the curve S 1 (20 Hz instead of 32 Hz). Thus, in the range of 25 Hz to 25 Hz, the performance of one of the sleepers of the present invention is substantially better. In the second embodiment shown in Figure 6, the sleeper 8 includes two rigid blocks ι 9 interconnected by a panel 184. In the range in which the two-piece sleeper ι 8 is very similar to the single block sleeper 8, the same reference numerals as used in FIGS. 4 to 4 are used in FIG. 6, but an increase of 100 ° The length of the dice 1 20 is designed to accommodate the blocks 1 0 9 . The same design is applied to the transverse spacers 126 and the resilient pads ι22. Figures 2 and 3 showing a single block sleeper 8 are also fully applicable to illustrate a sleeper 108. The main difference between the single block sleeper 8 and the two block sleepers 108 is that there is a panel 184 extending through the two blocks 1〇9. The reduction in the dynamic stiffness k2 of the resilient pads 1 22 and/or the increase in the weight of the blocks 109 produces a large longitudinal bending movement. Thus, the panel: 1 84 is in a shape designed to obtain a large second area moment. For example, it can be in the form of a corner steel or a cylinder -16-200829752. As an example, the panel 184 has a cross-sectional area of 800 square millimeters (mm2) to 15 mm2 and a thickness in the range of 6 mm to 10 mm. As an example, it can be made of steel that complies with the EN 1323 0-3 standard. Each of the stocks 109 has a weight in the range of from 100 kg to 150 kg, preferably in the range of from 130 kg to 150 kg. It is observed that the single piece of sleeper 8 is particularly good when subjected to the additional mechanical stresses derived from the present invention. It will be appreciated that the reduction of the dynamic stiffness k2 of the resilient pads 22, 1 22 with the sleepers of the present invention has the effect of achieving better vibration damping properties, particularly by reducing the range from 25 Hz to 250 Hz. The cutoff frequency and by reducing the insertion gain. For a given dynamic stiffness k2 of the resilient pads 22, 122, an increase in the weight of the blocks 9, 109 also makes it possible to reduce the cutoff frequency and thus improve the performance of the sleepers 8, 108 at low frequencies. Nonetheless, above a certain weight, the mechanical stress experienced by the sleepers 8,108 becomes too large. In the range of 200 Hz to 250 Hz, the increase in the dynamic stiffness k1 of the elastic support members 1 1, 1 1 减少 reduces the insertion gain and shifts the resonance frequency to a higher frequency 'to make the resonance frequency The frequency at which the gain is observed is increased at this insertion. The present invention thus makes it possible to obtain close to the vibration damping performance with a floating thick plate having a cutoff frequency in the range of 14 Hz to 20 Hz and an insertion gain of -25 dB at 63 Hz. -17- 200829752 [Brief Description of the Drawings] The present invention can be better understood by reading the following description given by way of example and referring to the drawings, wherein: Figure 1 is a track segment in the first embodiment. Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a more detailed cross-section of the sleeper of Figure 1; Figure 3 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the sleeper of Figures 1 and 2; An illustration of a model for establishing a track segment of FIG. 1; • FIG. 5 is a graph showing the acoustic performance of the sleeper of the present invention; and FIG. 6 is a view similar to FIG. 1 and showing the second embodiment. Track fragment. [Description of main component symbols] 2 : Fragment 4 : Track 8 : Sleeper 9 : Block 1 〇 : Supporting element 1 2 : Recess 1 6 : Spring 20 : Cover 22 : Backing plate -18 - 200829752 24 : Elastic spacer 24A : Outside 24B: Inner face 2 6 : Elastic spacer 2 6 A : Outside 26B : Inner face 3 2 : Top face 3 4 : Bottom face 3 6 : Peripheral face 36A : Bottom 36B : Top 3 6C : Intervening part 3 8 : Peripheral surface 38A: bottom 3 8B: top 3 8C : intermediate portion 44 : rounded edge 46 : chamfered 4 8 : bottom 5 0 : edge 52 : top surface 54 : flat plate 5 6 : flat plate 62 : inner side surface -19 200829752 62A: Top 64: Inner side 64A: Top 6 6: Housing 6 6 A: Shoulder 6 8: Housing 6 8 A: Shoulder 70: Top edge 72: Pad 74: Rib 7 6: Notch 7 8: Elastic Rack 80: Spring 82: Thickness element 1 0 8: Sleeper 1 0 9 : Block 1 1 〇: Supporting element 120: Cover 122: Backing plate 126: Transverse spacer 1 84: Embedded -20