200402485 (1) 玖、發明說明 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於聚酯短纖維與含有該短纖維之非織物。 【先前技術】 聚酯短纖維具有優異的機械及抗化特性，因此廣泛使 用作爲不織物。然而，含有習用的聚酯短纖維的非織物與 含有尼龍或聚烯屬烴短纖維的非織物相比，其纖維表現不 想要的嘰嘰嘎嘎觸感以及令人不滿意的柔軟手感的缺點。 已知非織物可利用短纖維以下方法製造：在以梳理方 法 '濕貼合方法、或空氣貼合方法的短纖維所製的網中， 然後以針軋、噴網或水纏（hydro-entangling)程序將網中的 短纖維彼此交纏，或以輪壓機或凸紋機（embosser)在壓力 下將其熱黏結，或在網上添加黏結劑的乳化物並乾燥，使 短纖維在網中彼此以化學性地黏結。此時，在上述方法中 ’網子若以空氣貼合程序所製，聚酯短纖維與尼龍或聚烯 屬烴短纖維相比，則具有的缺點爲聚酯短纖維的平滑感較 低，當起皺時，產生的皺皺纖維容易表現高百分比的皺痕 ，因此在環境大氣中的纖維張開特性較低，所以，要由聚 酯短纖維製得質地均勻的非織物是很困難的。此趨勢很容 易理解，當具有低度方向性及低度結晶性的未拉開的聚酯 纖維或共聚的聚酯纖維且較佳作爲黏結劑纖維時，可用於 非織物的製造。所以，使用黏結劑纖維、特別是用1 00% 黏結劑纖維以空氣貼合方法製造的網子，要製造具有均勻 -4- (2) (2)200402485 質地的非織物會有限制。而且，即使是使用梳理方法或濕 貼合方法的情況，要以具有低表面平滑性隨之表現不良的 纖維張開特性的聚酯短纖維，製造出質地均勻的非織物是 很困難的。 以梳理方法的黏結劑纖維所製的網子時，會更進一步 凸顯上述方法的趨勢。 製造非織物的困難似乎起因於聚酯短纖維的高度堅硬 性以及聚酯短纖維各別之間的摩擦。爲了解決此問題，曰 本經審查的特許公告No. 48 - 1 480揭示一種方法，其中二 甲基矽烷化合物或經胺改質的矽酮化合物施用於聚酯纖維 的表面上，並以加熱使施用的化合物交聯。然而，在此情 況下，經處理的聚酯短纖維以例如梳理方法製成網子時， 此曰本公告的短纖維在纖維之間的摩擦很小，因而表現不 足的纖維交纏特性，所得的網子容易破裂。而當網子是在 以濕貼合方法製成的情況時，因爲此日本公告的短纖維會 撥水’纖維便不能均勻分散於水中。而且，當網子係以空 氣貼合方法製成時，此日本公告的短纖維上會產生靜電， 短纖維無法均勻分佈於所得的網子上。甚且，當此日本公 告的短纖維使用作爲黏結劑纖維時，施用於聚酯短纖維表 面上的表面處理劑會對纖維的熱黏結產生阻礙。 【發明內容】 本發明係用以解決先前技藝中的問題。亦即，本發明 的目標係提供可實現使非織物具有柔軟手感以及均勻質地 (3) (3)200402485 的聚酯短纖維，以及含有該短纖維的非織物。本發明更進 一步要提供一種以空氣貼合方法的聚酯短纖維製成的網子 所製的非織物，並具有上述的優異品質。 本發明的發明者發現周圍表面部位以聚酯及聚烯屬烴 混合並分散於聚酯中的聚酯摻合而製成的聚酯短纖維，在 短纖維之間表現適當的摩擦，且獲得的非織物不僅具有柔 軟手感，質地也非常均勻，此時纖維中的聚烯屬烴的含量 係建立在特定的含量範圍內。 亦即，要達成上述目標，可藉由本發明的聚酯短纖維 ，其含有將0.5至15質量％的聚烯屬烴聚合物混合並分散於 母質的聚酯聚合物中，以此聚合的摻合物製造50%或更高 的纖維表面積。 在本發明的聚酯短纖維中，聚烯屬烴聚合物較佳含有 至少一種選自聚乙烯、聚丙烯、乙烯丙烯共聚物與聚乙烯 共聚物、以及聚丙烯共聚物的物質，其中至少以一種與乙 烯及丙烯不同的乙烯系不飽和單體作崁段共聚合或接枝共 聚合。 在本發明的聚酯短纖維中，母質聚酯聚合物較佳係選 自聚對苯二甲酸伸院二酯（polyalkylene terephthalate)及聚 對苯二甲酸-間苯二甲酸伸烷二酯（polyalkylene terephthalate-isophthalate)的共聚物。 本發明的聚酯短纖維較佳具有結晶程度爲20%或更低 ，或雙折射爲0.05或更低。 本發明的聚酯短纖維較佳具有同心的或偏心的鞘中帶 -6- (4) (4)200402485 核的結合結構’其中鞘部位係以聚合的摻合物製成。 本發明的聚酯短纖維較佳具有的纖維長度爲2至30 mm，且爲平面的鋸齒狀類型或歐麥嘉（ω)類型的縐痕’ 縐痕數量爲每25 ^^以有3至13個縐痕，且縐痕百分比爲3至 15%。 本發明的聚酯短纖維較佳具有的纖維長度爲30至200 mm，且總痕數量爲每25 mm有5至30個纖痕，且綴痕百分 比爲3至3 0%。 本發明的非織物（1)含有多個如上述的聚酯短纖維， 且以空氣貼合網製造方法製成。 本發明的非織物（1)較佳具有的非張開纖維的百分比 爲5 %或更低。 本發明的非織物（2)含有多個如上述的聚酯短纖維， 且以濕貼合網製造方法製成。 本發明的非織物（3)含有多個如上述的聚酯短纖維， 且以梳理網製造方法製成。 本發明的非織物（1)、（2)或（3)較佳具有的彎曲阻抗爲 7 0 mm或更低，其以懸臂方法測得。 【實施方式】 本發明的短纖維其50 %表面積以含有混合並分散於母 質聚酯聚合物中的聚烯屬烴聚合物的聚合摻合物所製的聚 酯短纖維。 可使用於本發明的聚酯聚合物包含例如芳族二羧酸與 (5) (5)200402485 脂族二醇的聚酯類，諸如聚對苯二甲酸伸烷二酯，例如聚 對苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚對苯二甲酸三甲基酯 (polytrimethylene terephthalate)及聚對苯二甲酸丁 二酯’ 以及聚萘二甲酸伸烷二酯例如聚萘二甲酸乙二酯；環烷二 羧酸與脂族二醇的聚酯類，諸如聚環己烷二羧酸伸烷二酯 類；芳族二羧酸與環烷二醇的聚酯類，諸如聚對苯二甲酸 環己烷二甲酯；脂族二羧酸與脂族二醇的聚酯類，諸如聚 丁二酸乙二酯、聚丁二酸丁二酯、聚己二酸乙二酯及聚己 二酸丁二酯；以及聚羥基羧酸酯類，例如聚乳酸酯類以及 聚羥基苯甲酸酯類。適用於本發明的聚酯類可爲含有至少 一種選自酸成份的共聚合成份，例如間苯二甲酸、鄰苯二 甲酸、己二酸、癸二酸、α，；δ·(4-羧苯氧基）乙烷、 4,4-二羧苯基，5-鈉磺基間苯二甲酸（Udicarboxyphenyl， 5-sodium sulfoisophthatic acid)、2,6-萘二竣酸及 1，4-環己 烷二羧酸與上述酸的酯類，以及二醇成份，例如二甘醇、 1，3-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1，6-己二醇、新戊二醇、1，4-環 3垸二甲醇及聚伸院二醇（polyalkylene glycol)。共聚合 成份可選自具有三個或更多個羧酸團或羥基團的化合物， 例如季戊四醇、三羥基丙烷、1，2,4-苯三甲酸、及對稱苯 三甲酸，使所得的共聚酯類帶有分支鏈。在本發明中，可 採用單獨上述聚酯聚合物（共聚物），或取其二個或更多 個的混合物。 只要無損本發明的效果，聚酯聚合物與聚烯屬烴聚合 物可含有一種或多種添加物 '螢光增亮劑、穩定劑、阻焰 -8 - r.u>} (6) (6)200402485 劑、阻焰輔劑、紫外光吸收劑、抗氧化劑及各種有色顏料 〇 在本發明用於聚酯短纖維的聚合摻合物中，待混合並 分散於母質聚酯聚合物中的聚烯屬烴聚合物的含量必須在 以聚合摻合物的質量爲基礎的質量自0.5至15 %的範圍內， 較佳爲自1至10質量％，更佳爲自2至7質量％，甚至更佳爲 自2至5質量。/。。若聚烯屬烴聚合物的含量低於〇. 5質量％， 是無法達成本發明的目標，亦即製備含有聚酯短纖維的具 有柔軟手感及均勻質地的非織物。而且，若聚烯屬烴聚合 物的含量高於1 5質量％，不僅上述效果會飽和或無法獲得 ’且會損及所得的聚合摻合物的纖維製造特性，因而無法 製造本發明目標的短纖維。 在本發明的聚酯短纖維中，纖維表面積的50%或更高 、較佳爲70%或更高、更佳爲90%至100%必須由聚合摻合 物製成。若以聚合摻合物製成的表面積比例低於50%，所 得的非織物會表現不足的柔軟性以及無法令人滿意的質地 均勻度。符合上述需求的短纖維包含以質量10 0%爲聚合 摻合物與結合的短纖維所製的短纖維，其中聚合摻合物構 成纖維表面積的50%或更高。結合的短纖維包含同心的鞘 中帶核類型、偏心的鞘中帶核類型、並列類型與海中島類 型，以及分段管類型（segment pie type)結合的短纖維。較 佳的是，於本發明中採用同心及偏心的鞘中帶核結合的短 纖維其纖維表面積的70%或更高、更佳爲100%係以聚合摻 合物鞘部位所製。 -9- (7) (7)200402485 本發明的聚酯短纖維可爲中空纖維或非中空纖維。本 發明的聚酯短纖維的橫剖面不限於圓形，且可選自不規則 的剖面，例如卵形、多葉形例如三至八葉、以及多角形諸 如例三角形至八角形的剖面。 本發明的效果在具有雙折射爲0.05或更低、或結晶程 度爲20%或更低的聚酯短纖維中，明顯可理解。 在習用具有雙折射爲0.05或更低、或結晶程度爲20% 或更低的聚酯短纖維中，在纖維之間的摩擦或有增加的趨 勢，因而所得的非織物會表現不良的手感、纖維張開特性 降低，因而使纖維的質地均勻度令人不滿意。此趨勢似乎 在以20 0 0 m/分鐘的低取起速度或更低之下，將聚對苯二 甲酸伸烷二酯、特別是間苯二甲酸共聚合的聚對苯二甲酸 伸烷二酯熔噴，而製造低方向性的纖維（未拉開的纖維） 中會很明顯。在未拉開的聚對苯二甲酸伸烷二酯纖維中， 上述趨勢似乎在以具有低結晶程度的聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯 以及以酸成份的總莫耳量爲基礎計爲5至5 0莫耳％的間苯 二甲酸與聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯共聚合所製的纖維中，會很 明顯。上述的聚酯短纖維可在壓力下彼此熱黏結，並可用 作爲非織物的黏結劑纖維。當上述的聚酯聚合物作爲本發 明的聚酯短纖維的母質聚合物時，所得的聚酯短纖維可作 爲黏結劑纖維，而不會導致上述問題。而且，本發明所得 的聚酯短纖維適用於製造具有想要的柔軟手感與均勻質地 的非織物。 本發明的聚酯短纖維個別的厚度並不受限，通常，本 -10- (8) (8)200402485 發明的聚酯短纖維的厚度較佳在0.01至500 dtex範圍內。 本發明的聚酯短纖維可由例如以下的方法製造。將聚 酯聚合物與聚烯屬烴聚合物的聚合摻合物經由具有多個習 用的（熔）旋轉裝置的旋轉噴嘴的（熔）噴絲頭擠壓出， 以冷卻空氣吹向熔融流並起絲（drafting )，使擠壓出的 纖細流熔融物冷卻並固化，固化後的纖維以速度1 00至 2000米/分鐘取出，以提供未拉開的聚酯多纖維紗線。 聚酯摻合物的熔融物的製備爲將聚酯聚合物的熔融物 與聚烯屬烴聚合物的熔融物以靜止的攪拌器、或動態的攪 拌器摻合，或將聚酯聚合物的顆粒與聚烯屬烴聚合物在彼 此所要的質量比率下摻合，並使用（熔）擠壓器將摻合物 (熔）揉捏，所得的摻合熔融物輸送進（熔）噴絲頭。 製造未拉開聚酯結合纖維時，除了聚合摻合物的熔融 物與聚酯樹脂的熔融物分別輸送進（熔）噴絲頭以外，進 行與上述相同的程序，其中聚合摻合物的熔融物與聚酯樹 脂混合使產生彼此結合的纖維，其5 0 %或更高的表面積係 由聚酯摻合物所製。 所得的未拉開纖維於熱水溫度爲7 0至1 0 0 °C的水中或 蒸汽爲1〇〇至125 °C的蒸汽中，以所要的拉開比例將其拉開 ’且選擇性地使所得的拉開纖維起縐痕，視所得短纖維的 使用與目標而在最終油中上油，再乾燥並放鬆。所得的纖 維切成具有想要長度的短纖維，以獲得目標聚酯短纖維。 在此程序中，上油劑可含有矽酮化合物類型，且其量不會 阻礙獲致本發明的目標。而且，除了取消拉開程序以及最 -11 - (9) (9)200402485 終油施用於未拉開纖維、且上油的未拉開纖維於溫度下乾 燥的時間不會導致乾燥後的纖維結晶程度超過2〇%以外， 可用上述相同的程序獲得本發明的聚酯短纖維，其具有的 雙折射爲0.05或更低、或結晶程度爲20%或更低。在以本 發明的聚醋短纖維製造非織物時，較佳的是調整短纖維的 長度並使起縐痕，使與以如下纖維製造網子的方法相當。 例如，當網子是以空氣貼合的方法製造時，短纖維的 長度較佳調整爲2至30 mm，更佳爲3至20 mm。藉由調整 纖維長度使不小於2 mm，想要的短纖維便可在令人滿意 的方法穩定度下以工業生產；藉由控制纖維長度使不大於 3 0 mm，所得的短纖維表現增強的纖維打開特性，並能高 度抵抗纖維隆起的產生。聚酯短纖維可爲起皴的纖維或不 起皴的纖維，視所得的非織物的使用而定。亦即，當目標 非織物必須具有高膨鬆性，短纖維較佳爲起皺的纖維；當 目標非織物對噴射空氣必須具有增強的纖維打開特性，以 及在空氣噴柱中增強的均勻分散的特性時，則可使短纖維 不起鈹。而在起皺的短纖維使用於製造網子的空氣貼合方 法中時，縐痕的數量較佳爲3至13縐痕/25 mm，且縐痕的 百分比爲3至1 5 %。當縐痕的數量調整至不多於1 3縐痕/2 5 mm、且縐痕的百分比調節至不多於1 5 %時，所得的非織物 以空氣吹噴時可表現令人滿意的纖維打開特性。因爲本發 明的聚酯短纖維比起那些習用的聚酯短纖維更容易具有低 數量的縐痕及縐痕百分比，將縐痕的數量與百分比調整進 上述範圍內是很容易的。而且，爲了對發明的聚酯短纖維 -12- 輒3 (10) (10)200402485 加入適當的膨鬆性，縐痕的數量與百分比較佳調整分別調 整至不低於3縐痕/25 mm及不低於3%。起鈹的模式較佳爲 平面鋸齒或ω (歐麥嘉）型，其在平面中而非在三維的螺 旋起皺模式下產生，因爲平面鋸齒或ω起皺的短纖維表現 出比螺旋起皺的短纖維更高的纖維打開特性。 藉由調整如上述的縐痕數量與百分比，以空氣貼合方 法所得網子中的非打開的短纖維含量可降低至5質量％或 更低。 當非織物的網子是以濕貼合網子製造方法製造時，因 爲上述的理由，聚酯短纖維的纖維長度較佳爲2至30 mm ，更佳爲3至20 mm。這些短纖維可起皺或不起鈹。亦即 ，考量目標非織物的使用及目的，再對短纖維加入縐痕。 然而，就短纖維在濕貼合網子製造的程序中，就分散在短 纖維的水性漿液中的分佈均勻度的觀點而言，無起皺短纖 維對濕貼合網子製造方法較佳。 當供目標非織物的網子是以梳理網子製造方法製造時 ，聚酯短纖維的長度較佳調整爲30至200 mm，更佳爲35 至150 mm，進一步更佳爲40至100 mm。纖維長度不超過 3 0 mm時，使所得的網子因爲短纖維彼此的交纏不足而斷 裂的情況可避免或降低。而且，纖維長度不超過200 mm 時，可能增強所得的短纖維在梳理機器上的開口特性，並 增進所得網子的質地均勻度。 爲增進短纖維通過梳理機器的通過特性，較佳採用起 皺的聚酯短纖維。加入聚酯短纖維的較佳縐痕數量與百分 -13- (11) (11)200402485 比分別爲5至30縐痕/25 mm及3至30%。調整縐痕的數量不 大於30縐痕/2 5 mm與百分比不大於30%，可使所得的聚酯 短纖維在梳理機器上表現良好的開口特性，且所得的網子 在質地上表現令人滿意的均勻度。而且，將縐痕的數量與 百分比調整成不少於5縐痕/ 2 5 m m及不少於3 %時，使所 得的網子因爲短纖維彼此的交纏不足而斷裂的情況可避免 或降低。起皺的模式可爲習用的平面鋸齒或ω (歐麥嘉） 型，或三維螺旋交叉點。 含有本發明聚酯短纖維的非織物具有柔軟觸感及手感 ，可表現對彎曲的抵抗，其代表織物的柔軟度，以懸臂方 法測定爲7 〇 m m或更低。 本發明的非織物包括含有本發明的聚酯短纖維與本發 明的聚酯短纖維以外的短纖維混合的非織物，且非織物薄 片含有至少一種含本發明的聚酯短纖維的非織物層以及至 少一另外的含本發明以外的聚酯短纖維的非織物層，彼此 壓層。 特別是單獨以本發明的聚酯短纖維製造的非織物比起 其他含有習用的聚酯短纖維的非織物而言，表現出特別柔 軟的手感，因此較佳可用於多種用途。 在本發明的聚酯短纖維中，各別短纖維的周圍表面積 的5 0%或更多係以聚酯聚合物與〇·5至15質量％的聚烯屬烴 的聚合摻合物製造。本發明的此特性使所得的短纖維表現 更低的纖維間摩擦，因而增進纖維開口特性，所以所得的 非織物表現柔軟手感且其質地具有局均勻性。 -14- (12) (12)200402485 瞭解本發明的聚酯短纖維以及非織物的機制尙未完全 淸晰，但是，假設可供本發明使用的聚合摻合物中，聚烯 屬烴聚合物與聚酯聚合物不相容，因此當以適當量的聚烯 屬烴聚合物在含有聚酯聚合物的基質中混合並分散時，聚 烯屬烴聚合物以多個島的形式，懸浮在含有基質的聚酯聚 合物的海中，且當各別的纖維係以聚合摻合物製造時，一 部份的島出現在每一各別纖維至少一部份的周圍表面上， 使得周圍表面變得粗糙，因此所得的各別纖維主要在纖維 的周圍面積的凸面部位彼此接觸，且彼此間表現低的摩擦 係數。 實例： 本發明將用以下實例進一步說明。 在實例及比較性實例中，所得的短纖維及非織物的測 試項目及所用的測量方法如下述。 (a) 纖維厚度 依據JIS L 1 0 1 5- 1 992, 7.5.1方法a測定纖維厚度。 (b) 纖維長度 依據JIS L 1 0 1 5 - 1 992，7.4.1直接方法（方法c)測 定短纖維的長度。 (c)纖痕的數量及纖痕的百分比 (13) (13)200402485 依據JIS L 1 0 1 5- 1 992，7.12測定起皴的短纖維的縐痕 數量及百分比。 (d)聚酯聚合物的內黏滯度 於溫度3 5 °C下、鄰氯酚中，測量聚酯聚合物的內黏滯 度（U ])。 (e)聚酯聚合物或聚烯屬烴聚合物的熔解指數（MFR) 依據JIS K 82 10的條件4，測量聚酯聚合物在聚烯屬 烴聚合物上的M F R。 ⑴聚酯聚合物或聚烯屬烴聚合物的玻璃轉換溫度（Tg)及熔 解溫度（Tm) 使用微差掃描熱量測定計（Parkin Elmer公司製造， D S C - 7型），以溫度增加率爲2 0 °C /分鐘，測量聚酯聚合物 或聚烯屬烴聚合物的玻璃轉換溫度（Tg)及熔解溫度（Tm)。 (g)纖維的結晶程度 纖維的結晶程度測量係使用含有正庚烷與四氯化碳的 混合物的密度梯度管，於溫度25 t下，測量纖維的密度p g/cm3 ’並從所得的纖維密度依據以下方程式加以計算： xc = p c( p - p a)/ p(pc-pa) -16- (14) (14)200402485 其中xc代表結晶程度，以纖維的質量％表示，p c代 表聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯的結晶密度，亦即1.45 5 g/cm3， P a代表聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯的非晶形密度，亦即ι·33 5 g/cm3，且ρ代表纖維的密度。 (h)纖維的雙折射（△ n ) 如揭示於W.E· Morton及J.W.S· Hearle的「織品纖 維的物理特性」524至5 3 2頁，22.2.1折射率與雙折射至 22·2 ·3雙折射的測量，曼撤斯特及倫敦的Butter Worths織 品硏究所出版，使用溴萘作爲浸入液體以及用B e 1 e c補償 器，以阻滯方法測定纖維的雙折射（△ n)。 (i)非開口纖維的百分比 自1〇 g由空氣貼合方法製造的網子取起非開口纖維的 隆起，測量取起的纖維隆起的質量（x)，依據以下方程式 計算網子中的非開口纖維的百分比（u)。 u ( % ) = X / 1 〇 X 1 〇 〇 其中X代表自網子取起的非開口纖維的隆起質量，且 u代表網子中的非開口纖維的百分比。 (j)非織物對彎曲的抵抗 依據JIS L 1 0 1 5- 1 992，5·7方法A ( 45 懸臂方法） -17- (15) (15)200402485 測量非織物對彎曲的抵抗。數値越低，織物的柔軟性越高 (k)非織物質地的評估 以裸眼觀察非織物的外觀，並用以下三級評估。 級別 織物質地 3 發現非開口纖維的隆起 未發現質量分佈上的不均勻 織物的質地均勻 2 非開口纖維的隆起不明顯 裸眼觀察發現質量分佈不均勻 1 非開口纖維的隆起不明顯 明顯的不均勻質量分佈 織物的質地不均勻 實例1 聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯（PET)顆粒在120°c下真空乾燥16 小時，其內黏滯度[77 ]爲0.61且熔解溫度（Tm)爲2 5 6 °C， 而高密度聚乙烯（HDPE)顆粒具有熔解指數（MFR)爲20 g/l〇 分鐘、熔解溫度（Tm)爲131 °C，以質量比率爲97:3彼此混 合。混合物在雙螺旋擠壓機中熔解，所得熔解物的溫度爲 2 8 0 °C，經由（熔）噴絲頭擠出，其具有6 0 〇個內徑爲〇 . 3 mm的旋轉式圓形噴嘴，擠壓速率爲200 g/分鐘。擠出的 細絲溶融物流在溫度爲3 0 C的冷卻空热中冷卻，經冷卻並 (16) (16)200402485 固化的未拉開多細絲紗線以速度爲1 1 5 0 m/分鐘捲起。使 用塡料箱類型的的起鈹機進行未拉開的多細絲紗線的起皴 程序，以縐痕數量爲8縐痕/25 mm及縐痕百分比爲4 % ’ 對多細絲紗線的未拉開各別細絲加入平面的鋸齒形縐痕。 起皺的多細絲紗線以紗線的乾質量爲基礎的乾質量的 0.25%上油，上油劑含有質量比率爲80/20的烷基磷酸鉀鹽 以及聚氧基乙烯改質的矽酮，並吹以溫度爲45 °C的熱空氣 加以乾燥。經乾燥的未拉開多細絲切成長度爲5 mm的纖 維。所得的聚酯短纖維厚度爲3.1 dtex，結晶程度爲16% ，雙折射爲0.003 5。 短纖維進行空氣貼合網製造程序，以提供具有基礎質 量爲50 g/m2的網子。網子進行壓延程序，使用一對平坦 的壓延滾輪，滾輪表面溫度爲200 °C ，於直線壓力爲80 kPa · m、速度爲20 m/分鐘下，製備空氣貼合非織物。非 織物具有彎曲阻抗爲50 mm，非開口纖維的百分比（u)爲 〇 . 5 %，非織物質地的級別爲3。 實例2 除了將PET以聚對苯二甲酸、間苯二甲酸乙二酯的 共聚物取代外，以如實例1相同的程序製造聚酯短纖維及 空氣貼合非織物，該共聚物含有1 〇莫耳％共聚酯化的間苯 二甲酸，且熔解溫度爲22 0 °C。所得的聚酯短纖維厚度爲 3.4 dtex，結晶程度爲9%，雙折射爲0.0027。所得的非織 物具有彎曲阻抗爲44 mm，非開口纖維的百分比（u)爲0.8% (17) (17)200402485 ，非織物質地的級別爲3。 實例3 非晶形的聚對苯二甲酸、間苯二甲酸乙二酯的共聚物 顆粒有40莫耳％共聚酯化的間苯二甲酸，在5〇°C下真空乾 燥24小時，其內黏滯度[7y ]爲〇.55且玻璃轉換溫度（Tg)爲 65°C ’而高密度聚乙烯（HDPE)顆粒具有熔解指數（MFR)爲 20 g/ΙΟ分鐘、熔解溫度（Tm)爲131。(：，以質量比率爲95:5 彼此混合。混合物在雙螺旋擠壓機中熔解，以製備溫度爲 250 °C的聚合摻合熔解物。另外，PET顆粒在溫度120 °C下 乾燥1 6小時，其內黏滯度[π ]爲〇 · 6 1，於擠壓器中熔解， 以製備溫度爲280 °C的PET熔解物。 使用同心的鞘中帶核類型的結合細絲產生的噴絲頭， 其具有1032個內徑爲0.3 mm的旋轉噴嘴，進行聚合摻合 熔解物與PET熔解物的熔旋轉程序，以製造鞘中帶核類 型的複合纖維，其鞘部位以聚合摻合熔解物所製，核部位 以PET熔解物所製，鞘部位（A)對核部位（B)的橫剖面面積 比率（A/B)爲 50:50。 聚合摻合熔解物與PET熔解物的鞘中帶核類型的結 合流經由（熔）噴絲頭擠出，噴絲頭溫度爲2 8 5 °C，擠壓 速率爲870 g/分鐘，並吹以溫度爲30 °C的冷空氣加以冷卻 。所得的未拉開鞘中帶核類型的結合多細絲紗線以1 1 5 〇 m/分鐘的速度捲起。未拉開的結合多細絲紗線於溫度爲8 〇 °C的熱水中拉開，拉開率爲3.7 5，然後拉開的結合多細絲 -20- (18) (18)200402485 紗線通過溫度爲30°C的水浴，以冷卻紗線，並避免拉開的 各別紗線彼此熔融黏接；經冷卻的紗線以乾質量的0.2 %上 油，上油劑含有乾質量比率爲8 0:20的混合烷基磷酸鉀鹽 以及聚氧基乙烯改質的矽酮。上油的紗線在塡料箱類型的 的起皺機中起皺，以對各別的結合細絲加入平面的鋸齒形 縐痕，縐痕數量爲9縐痕/25 mm及縐痕百分比爲12 %。起 皺的細絲於溫度爲5 0 °C下乾燥，並切成纖維長度爲5 mm 。所得的短結合纖維具有厚度2.1 dtex。 短結合纖維進行空氣貼合製造程序，以提供具有基礎 質量爲50 g/m2的網子。使用溫度爲150°C的熱空氣吹，使 網子進行熱黏結程序2分鐘，讓各別的短結合纖維在跨過 彼此的部位上黏結。所得的空氣貼合非織物具有彎曲阻抗 爲5 3 mm，非開口纖維的百分比爲〇 . 7 %，非織物質地的級 別爲3。 比較性實例1 除了供結合纖維的翹部位的非晶形PET共聚物與 HDPE的聚合摻合物由非晶形聚對苯二甲酸、間苯二甲酸 乙二酯共聚物所取代以外，以如實例3的相同程序製造聚 酯短複合纖維及空氣貼合非織物，該共聚物含有4 0莫耳％ 的共聚合的間苯二甲酸，且其內黏滯度[77]爲0.55及Tg 爲65C。所得的短結合纖維具有厚度2·1 dtex，所得的非 織物具有彎曲阻抗爲83 mm，非開口纖維的百分比爲丨j % ，非織物質地的級別爲1。 -21 - (19) (19)200402485 比較性實例2 除了非晶形P E T共聚物顆粒對η D P E的混合比例自 95:5改成84: 16以外，以與實例3相同方式，製備供鞘中帶 核類型的結合細絲的鞘部位用的聚合摻合物。所得的聚合 慘合物表現不良的細絲產生特性，因而熔旋轉程序無法進 行。 實例4200402485 (1) 发明. Description of the invention [Technical field to which the invention belongs] The present invention relates to polyester staple fibers and non-woven fabrics containing the staple fibers. [Prior art] Polyester staple fibers have excellent mechanical and chemical resistance properties and are therefore widely used as nonwoven fabrics. However, non-woven fabrics containing conventional polyester staple fibers have disadvantages in that they exhibit an undesired squealing feel and an unsatisfactory soft feel compared to non-woven fabrics containing nylon or polyolefinic short fibers. It is known that non-woven fabrics can be manufactured by using short fibers: in a web made of short fibers using a carding method, a wet lamination method, or an air lamination method, and then needle-punched, spun or hydro-entangling ) The program entangles the short fibers in the web, or heat-bonds them under pressure with a wheel press or embosser, or adds an emulsifier of a binder on the web and dries to make the short fibers in the web. China is chemically bonded to each other. At this time, in the above method, if the net is made by the air bonding process, the polyester staple fiber has a disadvantage that the polyester staple fiber has a lower smoothness compared with nylon or polyolefin olefinic staple fiber. When wrinkled, the resulting wrinkled fibers tend to show a high percentage of wrinkles, so the fiber opening characteristics in the ambient atmosphere are low, so it is difficult to make a non-woven fabric with uniform texture from polyester staple fibers. . This trend is easy to understand, and can be used for the manufacture of non-woven fabrics when undrawn polyester fibers or copolymerized polyester fibers having low directivity and low crystallinity are preferred as binder fibers. Therefore, there is a limit to the production of non-woven fabrics with uniform -4- (2) (2) 200402485 texture using adhesive fibers, especially air-laminated nets made with 100% adhesive fibers. Moreover, even when a carding method or a wet bonding method is used, it is difficult to produce a non-woven fabric having a uniform texture with polyester staple fibers having low surface smoothness and poor fiber spreading characteristics. The webs made with the binder fibers of the carding method will further highlight the trend of the above methods. The difficulty in manufacturing non-woven fabrics appears to be due to the high stiffness of the polyester staple fibers and the friction between the individual polyester staple fibers. In order to solve this problem, Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 48-1 480 discloses a method in which a dimethylsilane compound or an amine-modified silicone compound is applied to the surface of a polyester fiber, and heated by using The applied compound is crosslinked. However, in this case, when the treated polyester staple fibers are made into a web by, for example, a carding method, the short fibers disclosed in this announcement have little friction between the fibers, and thus exhibit insufficient fiber entanglement characteristics. The net is easy to break. When the net is made by a wet lamination method, because the short fibers disclosed in Japanese publication are water-repellent, the fibers cannot be uniformly dispersed in water. In addition, when the nets are made by the air bonding method, static electricity is generated on the short fibers disclosed in this Japanese publication, and the short fibers cannot be uniformly distributed on the obtained nets. Furthermore, when the staple fiber disclosed in this Japanese publication is used as a binder fiber, the surface treatment agent applied to the surface of the polyester staple fiber may hinder the thermal bonding of the fiber. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is to solve the problems in the prior art. That is, an object of the present invention is to provide polyester staple fibers which can realize a soft feel and uniform texture of a non-woven fabric (3) (3) 200402485, and a non-woven fabric containing the short fibers. The present invention further provides a non-woven fabric made of a net made of polyester staple fibers by an air bonding method, and having the above-mentioned excellent quality. The inventors of the present invention have found that polyester short fibers made by blending polyesters and polyolefins mixed with polyesters and dispersed in polyester in the surrounding surface area show proper friction between the short fibers and obtain The non-woven fabric not only has a soft feel, but also has a very uniform texture. At this time, the content of the polyolefins in the fiber is established within a specific content range. That is, in order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the polyester short fiber of the present invention contains 0.5 to 15% by mass of a polyethylenic polymer mixed and dispersed in a polyester polymer of a mother material, thereby polymerizing Blends make 50% or more fiber surface area. In the polyester staple fiber of the present invention, the polyolefin polymer preferably contains at least one substance selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene copolymer and polyethylene copolymer, and polypropylene copolymer, wherein at least A kind of ethylenically unsaturated monomer different from ethylene and propylene is used for the copolymerization or graft copolymerization. In the polyester staple fiber of the present invention, the mother polyester polymer is preferably selected from polyalkylene terephthalate and poly (terephthalate-isophthalic acid) polyalkylene terephthalate-isophthalate). The polyester staple fiber of the present invention preferably has a degree of crystallinity of 20% or less, or a birefringence of 0.05 or less. The polyester staple fiber of the present invention preferably has a concentric or eccentric sheath-band binding structure of 6- (4) (4) 200402485 core 'wherein the sheath site is made of a polymerized blend. The polyester staple fiber of the present invention preferably has a fiber length of 2 to 30 mm and is a flat jagged type or an omega type crepe mark. The number of crepe marks is 3 to 25 ^^ 13 crease marks, and the percentage of crepe marks is 3 to 15%. The polyester staple fiber of the present invention preferably has a fiber length of 30 to 200 mm, a total number of marks of 5 to 30 fiber marks per 25 mm, and a percentage of indentation of 3 to 30%. The non-woven fabric (1) of the present invention contains a plurality of polyester short fibers as described above, and is produced by an air-laminated mesh manufacturing method. The non-woven fabric (1) of the present invention preferably has a non-expanded fiber percentage of 5% or less. The non-woven fabric (2) of the present invention contains a plurality of polyester short fibers as described above, and is produced by a wet-laid web manufacturing method. The non-woven fabric (3) of the present invention contains a plurality of polyester short fibers as described above, and is manufactured by a card manufacturing method. The non-woven fabric (1), (2) or (3) of the present invention preferably has a bending resistance of 70 mm or less, which is measured by a cantilever method. [Embodiment] The short fibers of the present invention have a surface area of 50% of polyester short fibers made of a polymer blend containing a polyolefin polymer mixed and dispersed in a mother polyester polymer. Polyester polymers that can be used in the present invention include polyesters such as aromatic dicarboxylic acids and (5) (5) 200402485 aliphatic diols, such as polyalkylene terephthalates, such as polyterephthalates. Polyethylene formate, polytrimethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate 'and polyalkylene naphthalate such as polyethylene naphthalate; naphthene dicarboxylate Polyesters of acids and aliphatic diols, such as polycyclohexanedicarboxylic acid butane diesters; Polyesters of aromatic dicarboxylic acids and cycloalkanediols, such as polycyclohexane terephthalate Methyl esters; polyesters of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids and aliphatic diols, such as polyethylene succinate, polybutylene succinate, polyethylene adipate, and polybutylene adipate ; And polyhydroxycarboxylic esters, such as polylactates and polyhydroxybenzoates. Polyesters suitable for use in the present invention may be copolymerized components containing at least one selected from acid components, such as isophthalic acid, phthalic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, α, δ · (4-carboxyl Phenoxy) ethane, 4,4-dicarboxyphenyl, 5-sodium sulfoisophthatic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, and 1,4-cyclohexane Esters of alkanedicarboxylic acids with the above-mentioned acids, and diol components such as diethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1, 4-Cyclotrimethylol and polyalkylene glycol. The copolymerization component may be selected from compounds having three or more carboxylic acid groups or hydroxyl groups, such as pentaerythritol, trihydroxypropane, 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic acid, and symmetrical trimellitic acid, so that the resulting copolymer is copolymerized. Esters are branched. In the present invention, the above-mentioned polyester polymer (copolymer) may be used alone, or a mixture of two or more thereof may be used. As long as the effect of the present invention is not impaired, the polyester polymer and the polyolefin polymer may contain one or more additives' fluorescent brightener, stabilizer, flame retarder-8-r.u >} (6) (6 200402485 agent, flame retarding adjuvant, ultraviolet light absorber, antioxidant and various colored pigments. In the polymer blend for polyester staple fiber of the present invention, it is to be mixed and dispersed in the mother polyester polymer. The content of the polyolefinic polymer must be in a range from 0.5 to 15% by mass based on the mass of the polymer blend, preferably from 1 to 10% by mass, more preferably from 2 to 7% by mass, Even better is from 2 to 5 quality. /. . If the content of the polyolefinic polymer is less than 0.5% by mass, the object of the present invention cannot be achieved, that is, a non-woven fabric having a soft hand and a uniform texture containing polyester short fibers is prepared. Moreover, if the content of the polyethylenic polymer is more than 15% by mass, not only the above-mentioned effects will be saturated or not obtained, but also the fiber manufacturing characteristics of the resulting polymer blend will be impaired, and the short target of the present invention cannot be manufactured. fiber. In the polyester staple fibers of the present invention, 50% or more, preferably 70% or more, more preferably 90% to 100% of the fiber surface area must be made of a polymer blend. If the proportion of the surface area made of the polymer blend is less than 50%, the resulting nonwoven fabric will exhibit insufficient softness and unsatisfactory texture uniformity. The short fibers meeting the above requirements include short fibers made of 100% by mass of polymer blends and combined short fibers, where the polymer blends constitute 50% or more of the fiber surface area. The combined short fibers include concentric sheath-type nuclei, eccentric sheath-type nuclei, juxtaposed types and island-in-sea types, and segmented pie types. More preferably, in the present invention, 70% or more, and more preferably 100%, of the fiber surface area of the short fibers with nucleus binding in the concentric and eccentric sheath are made by polymerizing the sheath portion of the blend. -9- (7) (7) 200402485 The polyester short fibers of the present invention may be hollow fibers or non-hollow fibers. The cross-section of the polyester short fiber of the present invention is not limited to a circular shape, and may be selected from irregular cross-sections such as oval, multi-lobed such as three to eight leaves, and polygonal cross-sections such as triangular to octagonal. The effect of the present invention is clearly understandable in polyester staple fibers having a birefringence of 0.05 or less, or a degree of crystallization of 20% or less. In conventional polyester staple fibers having a birefringence of 0.05 or less, or a degree of crystallinity of 20% or less, there may be a tendency for friction between the fibers to increase, so the resulting non-woven fabric may exhibit poor hand feeling, The spreading characteristics of the fibers are reduced, thereby making the texture uniformity of the fibers unsatisfactory. This trend seems to be copolymerizing polyalkylene terephthalate, especially isophthalic acid, at a low pick-up speed of 2000 m / min or less Ester meltblown, which is evident in the manufacture of low-directional fibers (undrawn fibers). In undrawn poly (ethylene terephthalate) fibers, the above tendency seems to be 5 to 5 based on the polyethylene terephthalate with a low degree of crystallinity and the total molar amount of the acid component. 50 mol% of fibers made from copolymerization of isophthalic acid and polyethylene terephthalate will be apparent. The above-mentioned polyester staple fibers can be thermally bonded to each other under pressure and can be used as a non-woven binder fiber. When the above-mentioned polyester polymer is used as the parent polymer of the polyester short fibers of the present invention, the obtained polyester short fibers can be used as binder fibers without causing the above problems. Furthermore, the polyester staple fiber obtained by the present invention is suitable for producing a non-woven fabric having a desired soft feel and uniform texture. The thickness of the polyester short fibers of the present invention is not limited. Generally, the thickness of the polyester short fibers of the present invention is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 500 dtex. The polyester short fiber of the present invention can be produced, for example, by the following method. A polymer blend of a polyester polymer and a polyolefinic polymer is extruded through a (melt) spinneret having a rotary nozzle with a plurality of conventional (melt) rotary devices to blow cooling air toward the melt stream and Drafting allows the extruded slender stream melt to cool and solidify. The cured fibers are taken out at a speed of 100 to 2000 meters / minute to provide undrawn polyester multifiber yarns. The melt of the polyester blend is prepared by blending the melt of the polyester polymer and the melt of the polyolefin polymer with a static mixer or a dynamic mixer, or blending the polyester polymer The particles and the olefinic polymer are blended at a mass ratio desired by each other, and the blend is (melt) kneaded using a (melt) extruder, and the resulting blend melt is conveyed into a (melt) spinneret. . When the unbonded polyester-bonded fiber is manufactured, the same procedure as above is performed except that the melt of the polymer blend and the melt of the polyester resin are separately conveyed into a (melt) spinneret, in which the melt of the polymer blend is melted. The polyester is mixed with the polyester resin to produce fibers that are bonded to each other, and a surface area of 50% or more is made of the polyester blend. The resulting undrawn fibers are drawn in water having a hot water temperature of 70 to 100 ° C or steam having a steam temperature of 100 to 125 ° C, and are pulled apart at a desired drawing ratio, and are optionally The obtained drawn fibers were creped, and depending on the use and purpose of the obtained short fibers, oil was added to the final oil, and then dried and relaxed. The obtained fiber was cut into short fibers having a desired length to obtain a target polyester short fiber. In this procedure, the oiling agent may contain a type of silicone compound in an amount which does not hinder the achievement of the object of the present invention. In addition, except for canceling the drawing process and the most -11-(9) (9) 200402485 final oil is applied to the undrawn fibers, and the time that the oiled undrawn fibers are dried at the temperature will not cause the crystals of the fibers after drying. Except for the degree exceeding 20%, the polyester staple fiber of the present invention can be obtained by the same procedure as described above, which has a birefringence of 0.05 or less, or a degree of crystallinity of 20% or less. When the non-woven fabric is produced from the polyester short fibers of the present invention, it is preferable to adjust the length of the short fibers and crease them so as to be equivalent to the method for producing a net with the following fibers. For example, when the net is manufactured by air bonding, the length of the short fibers is preferably adjusted to 2 to 30 mm, more preferably 3 to 20 mm. By adjusting the fiber length so that it is not less than 2 mm, the desired short fiber can be industrially produced with satisfactory method stability; by controlling the fiber length so that it is not more than 30 mm, the resulting short fiber performance is enhanced Fiber opening characteristics and high resistance to fiber bulge. The polyester staple fiber may be a raised fiber or a non-raised fiber, depending on the use of the obtained non-woven fabric. That is, when the target non-woven fabric must have high bulkiness, the short fibers are preferably wrinkled fibers; when the target non-woven fabric must have enhanced fiber opening characteristics to the jet air, and enhanced uniformly dispersed in the air jet column In the characteristics, it can make short fibers not beryllium. When the wrinkled short fibers are used in the air-laminating method for making a web, the number of creases is preferably 3 to 13 creases / 25 mm, and the percentage of crepe creases is 3 to 15%. When the number of crepe marks is adjusted to not more than 13 creases / 2 5 mm, and the percentage of crepe marks is adjusted to not more than 15%, the obtained nonwoven fabric can perform satisfactorily when air blown Turn on properties. Since the polyester staple fibers of the present invention are more likely to have a low number of crepe marks and percentage of crepe marks than those of conventional polyester staple fibers, it is easy to adjust the number and percentage of crepe marks within the above range. In addition, in order to add appropriate bulk to the inventive polyester short fiber-12- 辄 3 (10) (10) 200402485, the number and percentage of crepe marks are preferably adjusted to not less than 3 crepe marks / 25 mm And not less than 3%. The pattern of beryllium is preferably a plane sawtooth or ω (Omega) type, which is generated in a plane rather than in a three-dimensional spiral wrinkle mode, because the plane sawtooth or ω wrinkled short fibers show a higher wrinkle than a spiral Short fibers with higher fiber opening characteristics. By adjusting the number and percentage of the crepe marks as described above, the content of the non-opened short fibers in the net obtained by the air bonding method can be reduced to 5% by mass or less. When the non-woven net is manufactured by a wet-laminated net manufacturing method, the fiber length of the polyester staple fiber is preferably 2 to 30 mm, more preferably 3 to 20 mm for the reasons described above. These short fibers can be wrinkled or beryllium. That is, consider the use and purpose of the target non-woven fabric, and then add crepe marks to the short fibers. However, from the standpoint of the uniformity of the distribution of the short fibers in the wet-laid web, from the viewpoint of the uniformity of the distribution of the short fibers dispersed in the aqueous slurry of the short fibers, the wrinkle-free short-fiber-to-wet-laid web manufacturing method is preferred. When the target non-woven net is manufactured by a carded net manufacturing method, the length of the polyester staple fiber is preferably adjusted to 30 to 200 mm, more preferably 35 to 150 mm, and even more preferably 40 to 100 mm. When the fiber length does not exceed 30 mm, the resulting network can be prevented or reduced from being broken due to insufficient entanglement of short fibers with each other. Moreover, when the fiber length does not exceed 200 mm, it is possible to enhance the opening characteristics of the obtained short fibers on the carding machine and to improve the uniformity of the texture of the obtained web. In order to improve the passing characteristics of the short fibers through the carding machine, it is preferable to use creped polyester short fibers. The preferred ratio of the number of crepe marks added to the polyester short fibers is 5 to 30 creases / 25 mm and 3 to 30%, respectively. Adjusting the number of creases is not more than 30 creases / 2 5 mm and the percentage is not more than 30%, which can make the obtained polyester short fibers have good opening characteristics on a carding machine, and the obtained nets have an excellent texture. Satisfactory uniformity. In addition, when the number and percentage of creases are adjusted to not less than 5 creases / 25 mm and not less than 3%, the situation that the resulting web is broken due to insufficient entanglement of short fibers with each other can be avoided or reduced. . The pattern of wrinkling can be a conventional flat sawtooth or ω (Omega) type, or a three-dimensional spiral intersection. The non-woven fabric containing the polyester short fibers of the present invention has a soft touch and hand feeling, and can show resistance to bending. It represents the softness of the fabric and is 70 mm or less as measured by the cantilever method. The non-woven fabric of the present invention includes a non-woven fabric containing a mixture of the polyester short fibers of the present invention and short fibers other than the polyester short fibers of the present invention, and the non-woven sheet contains at least one non-woven layer containing the polyester short fibers of the present invention And at least one other non-woven layer containing polyester short fibers other than the present invention is laminated to each other. In particular, a non-woven fabric made of the polyester short fibers of the present invention exhibits a particularly soft hand feeling compared to other non-woven fabrics containing conventional polyester short fibers, and is therefore preferably used for various applications. In the polyester short fibers of the present invention, 50% or more of the peripheral surface area of the respective short fibers is produced from a polymer blend of a polyester polymer and 0.5 to 15% by mass of a polyolefinic hydrocarbon. This characteristic of the present invention enables the resulting short fibers to exhibit lower inter-fiber friction, thereby improving fiber opening characteristics, so the resulting nonwoven fabric exhibits soft feel and its texture has local uniformity. -14- (12) (12) 200402485 The mechanism of understanding the polyester staple fibers and non-woven fabrics of the present invention is not fully understood, but it is assumed that in the polymer blends that can be used in the present invention, polyolefin polymers Incompatible with polyester polymers, so when mixed and dispersed in a polyester polymer-containing matrix with an appropriate amount of a polyolefin polymer, the polyolefin polymer is suspended in the form of multiple islands In the sea containing the matrix polyester polymer, and when the individual fibers are made from a polymer blend, a portion of the island appears on at least a portion of the peripheral surface of each individual fiber, making the peripheral surface change It is rough, so the respective fibers obtained mainly contact each other at convex portions of the peripheral area of the fibers, and exhibit low coefficients of friction with each other. Examples: The present invention will be further illustrated by the following examples. In the examples and comparative examples, the test items of the obtained short fibers and non-woven fabrics and the measurement methods used are as follows. (a) Fiber thickness The fiber thickness was measured according to JIS L 1 0 1 5- 1 992, 7.5.1 method a. (b) Fiber length Measure the length of short fibers in accordance with JIS L 1 0 1 5-1 992, 7.4.1 direct method (Method c). (c) Number of fiber marks and percentage of fiber marks (13) (13) 200 402 485 The number and percentage of crepe marks of short fibers that have been raised are measured in accordance with JIS L 1 0 1 5- 1 992, 7.12. (d) Internal viscosity of polyester polymer The internal viscosity of the polyester polymer was measured at a temperature of 35 ° C in o-chlorophenol (U). (e) Melt index (MFR) of polyester polymer or polyolefinic polymer The M F R of the polyester polymer on the polyolefinic polymer is measured in accordance with Condition 4 of JIS K 82 10. ⑴The glass transition temperature (Tg) and melting temperature (Tm) of the polyester polymer or polyolefin polymer are measured by a differential scanning calorimeter (manufactured by Parkin Elmer, DSC-7 type), and the temperature increase rate is 2 At 0 ° C / min, measure the glass transition temperature (Tg) and melting temperature (Tm) of the polyester polymer or polyolefin polymer. (g) Degree of crystallinity of the fiber The measurement of the degree of crystallinity of the fiber is a density gradient tube containing a mixture of n-heptane and carbon tetrachloride, and the density of the fiber is measured at a temperature of 25 t. Calculate according to the following equation: xc = pc (p-pa) / p (pc-pa) -16- (14) (14) 200402485 where xc represents the degree of crystallinity, expressed as mass% of the fiber, and pc represents polyparaphenylene The crystal density of ethylene formate is 1.45 5 g / cm3, P a represents the amorphous density of polyethylene terephthalate, namely ι · 33 5 g / cm3, and ρ represents the density of the fiber. (h) Birefringence (△ n) of fibers, as disclosed in "Physical Properties of Fabric Fibers" by WE · Morton and JWS · Hearle 524 to 5 3 2 pages, 22.2.1 Refractive index and birefringence to 22 · 2 · 3 Measurement of birefringence, published by Munster and London's Butter Worths Fabric Research Institute, uses bromine naphthalene as the immersion liquid and the Be 1 ec compensator to determine the birefringence (Δn) of the fiber by a retardation method. (i) Percentage of non-opening fibers Take 10g of nets manufactured by air bonding method to take up the non-opening fiber ridges, measure the mass (x) of the fiber ridges taken out, and calculate the non-opening fibers in the net according to the following equation The percentage of open fibers (u). u (%) = X / 1 〇 X 1 〇 〇 Where X represents the bulging mass of the non-open fibers from the net, and u represents the percentage of non-open fibers in the net. (j) Resistance of non-woven fabric to bending According to JIS L 1 0 1 5- 1 992, 5 · 7 Method A (45 cantilever method) -17- (15) (15) 200402485 Measure the resistance of non-woven fabric to bending. The lower the number, the higher the softness of the fabric. (K) Evaluation of the texture of the non-woven fabric The appearance of the non-woven fabric was observed with the naked eye and evaluated in the following three levels. Grade fabric texture 3 Non-open fiber bulges were found No uneven mass distribution was found. The texture of the fabric was not uniform 2 Non-open fiber bulges were not obvious Observed with naked eyes and uneven mass distribution was found 1 Non-open fiber bulges were not significantly uneven Uneven texture of the distribution fabric Example 1 Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) particles were vacuum dried at 120 ° C for 16 hours. The internal viscosity [77] was 0.61 and the melting temperature (Tm) was 2 5 6 ° C, and the high-density polyethylene (HDPE) particles have a melting index (MFR) of 20 g / 10 minutes, a melting temperature (Tm) of 131 ° C, and are mixed with each other at a mass ratio of 97: 3. The mixture was melted in a twin-screw extruder, and the temperature of the resulting melt was 280 ° C, which was extruded through a (melt) spinneret, which had 600 circular spins with an inner diameter of 0.3 mm. Nozzle, extrusion rate is 200 g / min. The extruded filament melt stream is cooled in cooling air heat at a temperature of 30 ° C, and the undrawn multifilament yarn that has been cooled and solidified by (16) (16) 200402485 has a speed of 1 150 m / min. Rolled up. The beveling machine of the bin type was used for the undrawn multi-filament yarns. The number of crepe marks was 8 creases / 25 mm and the percentage of crepe marks was 4%. The unstretched individual filaments add flat zigzag creases. Crumpled multifilament yarns are oiled at 0.25% of the dry mass based on the dry mass of the yarn. The oiling agent contains potassium alkyl phosphate with a mass ratio of 80/20 and polyoxyethylene modified silicon. Ketone, and blow dry with hot air at 45 ° C. The dried undrawn multifilament was cut into 5 mm fibers. The thickness of the obtained polyester staple fiber was 3.1 dtex, the degree of crystallinity was 16%, and the birefringence was 0.003 5. The short fibers were subjected to an air-laminated web manufacturing process to provide a web having a basis mass of 50 g / m2. The net was calendered using a pair of flat calendering rollers with a surface temperature of 200 ° C and a linear pressure of 80 kPa · m and a speed of 20 m / min to prepare air-laminated nonwovens. The nonwoven has a bending resistance of 50 mm, the percentage (u) of the non-open fiber is 0.5%, and the grade of the nonwoven texture is 3. Example 2 A polyester staple fiber and an air-laminated nonwoven fabric were produced by the same procedure as in Example 1 except that PET was replaced with a copolymer of polyethylene terephthalate and isophthalate. The copolymer contained 1%. Molar% is copolyesterified isophthalic acid and has a melting temperature of 22 0 ° C. The thickness of the obtained polyester staple fiber was 3.4 dtex, the degree of crystallinity was 9%, and the birefringence was 0.0027. The obtained nonwoven had a bending resistance of 44 mm, a percentage of non-open fibers (u) was 0.8% (17) (17) 200402485, and the grade of the nonwoven texture was 3. Example 3 Amorphous poly (terephthalic acid, isophthalate) copolymer particles have 40 mol% copolyesterified isophthalic acid, which is dried under vacuum at 50 ° C for 24 hours. The viscosity [7y] is 0.55 and the glass transition temperature (Tg) is 65 ° C. The high-density polyethylene (HDPE) particles have a melting index (MFR) of 20 g / 10 minutes and a melting temperature (Tm) of 131. (:, Mixed with each other at a mass ratio of 95: 5. The mixture was melted in a twin screw extruder to prepare a polymer blend melt at a temperature of 250 ° C. In addition, the PET pellets were dried at a temperature of 120 ° C for 16 Hours, its internal viscosity [π] was 0.61, and it was melted in an extruder to prepare a PET melt at a temperature of 280 ° C. A spray produced by a core-type binding filament in a concentric sheath was used. The silk head has 1032 rotating nozzles with an inner diameter of 0.3 mm, and performs a fusion and rotation process of polymer blending melt and PET melt to produce a core-type composite fiber in a sheath, and the sheath portion is melted by polymer blending The core part is made of PET melt, and the cross-sectional area ratio (A / B) of the sheath part (A) to the core part (B) is 50:50. The sheath of the polymer-blended melt and the PET melt is polymerized The combined stream with a core type is extruded through a (melt) spinneret, the spinneret temperature is 2 8 5 ° C, the extrusion rate is 870 g / min, and it is cooled by blowing cold air at a temperature of 30 ° C The resulting nucleated multifilament yarn in the unopened sheath was rolled up at a speed of 1150 m / min. Unstretched bonded multifilament yarns are unzipped in hot water at a temperature of 80 ° C. The unraveling rate is 3.75, and then the unbonded multifilament yarns are -20- (18) (18) 200402485. The thread passes through a water bath with a temperature of 30 ° C to cool the yarn and avoid the melted adhesion of the drawn yarns to each other; the cooled yarn is oiled with 0.2% of the dry mass, and the oiling agent contains a dry mass ratio 8:20 mixed potassium alkyl phosphate salt and polyoxyethylene modified silicone. The oiled yarn is crimped in a crimper of the reel type to bind the individual binding filaments Add flat zigzag creases, the number of crepe creases is 9/25 mm and the percentage of crepe creases is 12%. The wrinkled filaments are dried at a temperature of 50 ° C and cut to a fiber length of 5 mm. The obtained short-bonded fibers have a thickness of 2.1 dtex. The short-bonded fibers are subjected to an air bonding manufacturing process to provide a net having a basis mass of 50 g / m2. The net is heated by blowing with hot air at a temperature of 150 ° C Adhesion procedure for 2 minutes to allow the individual short-bonded fibers to adhere to each other across the area. The resulting air-laminated nonwoven fabric has a bend The impedance was 53 mm, the percentage of non-open fibers was 0.7%, and the grade of the non-woven texture was 3. Comparative Example 1 A polymer blend of amorphous PET copolymer and HDPE except for the warped portion of the bonded fiber was formed by The polyester short composite fiber and air-laminated nonwoven fabric were manufactured by the same procedure as in Example 3 except that the amorphous polyterephthalic acid and ethylene isophthalate copolymer were replaced. The copolymer contained 40 mol%. Copolymerized isophthalic acid with an internal viscosity [77] of 0.55 and a Tg of 65C. The short staple fibers obtained had a thickness of 2 · 1 dtex, and the obtained nonwoven fabric had a bending resistance of 83 mm and was not open The percentage of fiber is 丨%, and the grade of non-woven texture is 1. -21-(19) (19) 200402485 Comparative Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 3 except that the mixing ratio of amorphous PET copolymer particles to η DPE was changed from 95: 5 to 84:16, a belt for sheath was prepared. Polymeric blend of core-type binding to the sheath site of a filament. The resulting polymer compound exhibited poor filament-generating properties, so that the melt spinning process could not be performed. Example 4
除了以下的例外，以與實例3相同程序，製造聚_短 纖維與非織物。以具有MFr爲30 g/i〇分鐘、Tm爲160°C 的同排聚丙烯樹脂，取代供結合細絲的鞘部位用的聚合摻 合物中的HDPE。 所得的短結合纖維具有厚度2.2 dtex，所得的非織物 具有彎曲強度爲5 8 mm，非開口纖維的百分比爲1 · 3 %，非 織物質地的級別爲3。 實例5 · 除了以下的例外，以與實例3相同程序，製造聚酯短 纖維與非織物。 以具有MFR爲50 g/ΙΟ分鐘、Tm爲135。(：、乙烯對丙 烯的共聚合莫耳比率爲37:60的乙烯丙烯隨機共聚物，取 代供結合細絲的鞘部位用的聚合摻合物中的HDPE。 所得的短結合纖維具有厚度2.2 dtex。 所得的非織物具有彎曲阻抗爲5 8 mm，非開口纖維的 -22- (20) (20)200402485 百分比爲1 ·3%，非織物質地的級別爲3。 實例6 除了以下的例外’以與實例3相同程序，製造聚酯短 纖維與非織物。 以具有MFR爲8 g/ΙΟ分鐘、Tm爲96°C、以3.5皙量％ 的順丁烯二酐接枝共聚合的直鏈低密度聚乙烯共聚物，取 代供結合細絲的鞘部位用的聚合摻合物中的H D P E。 所得的短結合纖維具有厚度2.2 dtex。 所得的非織物具有彎曲阻抗爲52 mm，非開口纖維的 百分比爲0.8%，非織物質地的級別爲3。 實例7 除了以下的例外’以與實例3相同程序，製造聚酯短 纖維與非織物。 供結合細絲的鞘部位用的P E T以尼龍6取代，其以間 甲酚於溫度爲35°C下測定的內黏滯度爲1.34，且Tm爲215 °C。尼龍的碎片在擠壓器中熔解，以製備溫度爲24 0 t：的 尼龍6熔解物。鞘中帶核類型的結合細絲於噴絲頭溫度爲 250 °C、擠壓速率爲5 00 g/分鐘下，進行熔旋轉。所得未 拉開多細絲紗線於室溫下，以拉開比率爲2 · 1拉開，然後 在溫度爲55 °C的熱水中，以拉開比率爲1.05拉開。拉開後 的多細絲紗線透過水浴冷卻，然後以如實例3相同的方式 上油。上油後的多細絲紗線以產生平面鋸齒縐痕方式起皺 -23- (21) ' (21) '200402485 ’縐痕數量爲12縐痕/25 mm，縐痕百分比爲6.5%，然後在 溫度4 5 °C下乾燥。起皺的多細絲以如實例3相同的方式切 成短纖維。 所得的短結合纖維具有厚度2.2 dtex。 所得的非織物具有彎曲阻抗爲5 7 mm，非開口纖維的 百分比爲1 · 6%，非織物質地的級別爲3。 實例8 除了短纖維長度自5 mm改變至3 mm以外，以與實例 3相同程序，製造聚酯短纖維與非織物。 所得的非織物具有彎曲阻抗爲5 7 mm，非開口纖維的 百分比爲1 .6%，非織物質地的級別爲3。 實例9 除了以偏心的鞘中帶核類型的結合細絲產生噴絲頭取 代同心的鞘中帶核類型的結合細絲產生噴絲頭之外，以與 實例3相同程序，製造聚酯短纖維與非織物，起皺纖維上 的縐痕百分比自12%改變至15%，且縐痕具有歐麥嘉（ω ) 形式。 所得的短結合纖維具有厚度2.3 dtex。 所得的非織物具有彎曲阻抗爲5 5 m m，非開口纖維的 百分比爲0.9 %，非織物質地的級別爲3。 實例1 0 •24- (22) (22)200402485 除了未對拉開的複合多細絲紗線施以起皺以外，以與 實例3相同程序，製造聚酯短纖維與非織物。 所得的非織物具有彎曲阻抗爲5 3 mm，非開口纖維的 百分比爲0.2%，非織物質地的級別爲3。 實例1 1 以與實例1 0相同程序，製備聚酯短纖維，紙漿纖維以 質量比率80:20懸浮於水中，在完整攪拌下，使用方形薄 紙產生機器將水性混合的纖維漿液，製備維度約25 cm X約 25 cm且乾基質量爲50 g/m2的薄紙。薄紙在室溫下乾燥24 小時或更久，然後置於多孔聚四氟乙烯的薄片上，並在溫 度爲120 °C的熱空氣循環類型的乾燥機中，進行收縮處理5 分鐘，以製造濕貼合方法的非織物。 所得的非織物具有彎曲阻抗爲3 8 mm，非織物質地的 級別爲3。 比較性實例3 除了取消對拉開多細絲紗線的起皺程序以外，以與實 例1 1相同程序，製造聚酯短纖維與濕貼合方法的非織物。 所得的非織物具有彎曲阻抗爲3 8 mm，非織物質地的 級別爲2。 實例1 2 除了短纖維長度自5 mm改變至5 1 mm以外，以與實 -25- (23) (23)200402485 例3相同程序，製造聚酯短纖維。 短纖維輸送進使用使用滾輪梳理機器的梳理程序，以 製備梳理網子。在梳理程序中，短纖維表現良好的梳理機 器通過特性。多個梳理網子彼此疊在一起，以製備具有基 礎質量爲50 g/m2的層壓網子。 層壓網子進行與實例3中的相同熱黏結程序，使用熱 空氣流讓短纖維在跨過彼此的部位上黏結。梳理方法熱黏 結非織物。 所得的非織物具有彎曲阻抗爲5 8 mm，非織物質地的 級別爲3。 實例1 3 除了短纖維的纖維長度自5 mm改變至51 mm以外， 以與實例1 0相同程序，製造聚酯短纖維。 短纖維輸送進與實例1 2相同的梳理程序，以製備梳理 的網子。在梳理程序中，短纖維表現良好的梳理機器通過 特性。多個梳理網子與實例1 2相同的方式重疊及熱黏結， 以製造梳理方法熱黏結的非織物。 所得的非織物具有彎曲阻抗爲5 1 mm，非織物質地的 級別爲3。 本發明可提供特殊的聚酯短纖維，用以製造具有柔軟 手感及均勻質地的非織物。而且，本發明提供的非織物不 僅具有均勻質地，也有柔軟手感。特別是用本發明的聚酯 短纖維以空氣貼合網製造方法的網子所製造的非織物具有 -26- (24)200402485 很低百分比的非開口纖維，以及優異的質地均勻度。 因此，特殊的聚酯短纖維使以此短纖維製造所得的非 織物具有廣泛不同的用途，因而具有高工業價値。Except for the following exceptions, poly-staple fibers and non-woven fabrics were produced in the same procedure as in Example 3. An in-row polypropylene resin having an MFr of 30 g / minute and a Tm of 160 ° C was used instead of HDPE in the polymer blend for binding the sheath portion of the filament. The resulting short-bonded fibers had a thickness of 2.2 dtex, the resulting nonwoven had a flexural strength of 58 mm, the percentage of non-open fibers was 1.3%, and the grade of the nonwoven texture was 3. Example 5-With the following exceptions, polyester staple fibers and nonwoven fabrics were produced in the same procedure as in Example 3. It has an MFR of 50 g / 10 minutes and a Tm of 135. (:, Ethylene-propylene copolymerized ethylene-propylene random copolymer with a molar ratio of 37:60, replacing HDPE in the polymer blend for binding the sheath portion of the filament. The resulting short-bonded fiber has a thickness of 2.2 dtex The obtained non-woven fabric has a bending resistance of 5 8 mm, a non-open fiber -22- (20) (20) 200402485 percentage of 1.3%, and a non-woven texture grade of 3. Example 6 With the following exceptions: The same procedure as in Example 3 was used to produce polyester staple fibers and non-woven fabrics. Low linearity graft copolymerized with maleic anhydride having an MFR of 8 g / 10 minutes, a Tm of 96 ° C, and 3.5% by mass of maleic anhydride. Density polyethylene copolymer, which replaces HDPE in the polymer blend for binding the sheath portion of the filament. The resulting short-bonded fiber has a thickness of 2.2 dtex. The resulting nonwoven has a bending resistance of 52 mm and a percentage of non-open fibers It is 0.8%, and the grade of the non-woven texture is 3. Example 7 The polyester staple fiber and the non-woven fabric were produced in the same procedure as in Example 3, except that the PET for the sheath portion of the filaments was replaced by nylon 6. M-cresol at temperature is The internal viscosity measured at 35 ° C was 1.34 and the Tm was 215 ° C. Nylon fragments were melted in an extruder to prepare a nylon 6 melt at a temperature of 2400 t: a core-type The combined filaments were melt-spun at a spinneret temperature of 250 ° C and an extrusion rate of 500 g / min. The resulting undrawn multifilament yarn was drawn at a room temperature ratio of 2 · 1 Pull open, and then open in hot water at a temperature of 55 ° C at a draw ratio of 1.05. The drawn multifilament yarn is cooled through a water bath, and then oiled in the same manner as in Example 3. Oiling The resulting multifilament yarn is wrinkled in a way that produces a flat sawtooth crease -23- (21) '(21)' 200402485 'The number of creases is 12 creases / 25 mm, the percentage of crepe is 6.5%, and then 4 Dry at 5 ° C. The wrinkled multifilaments were cut into short fibers in the same manner as in Example 3. The resulting short bonded fibers had a thickness of 2.2 dtex. The resulting nonwoven fabric had a bending resistance of 5 7 mm and non-open fibers The percentage is 1.6%, and the grade of the non-woven texture is 3. Example 8 Except that the length of the short fiber was changed from 5 mm to 3 mm, 3 The same procedure was used to make polyester staple fibers and non-woven fabrics. The obtained non-woven fabrics had a bending resistance of 57 mm, a percentage of non-open fibers of 1.6%, and a grade of non-woven texture of 3. Example 9 Core-type binding filaments in the sheath were used to produce spinnerets instead of concentric sheath-type cored filaments to produce spinnerets. In the same procedure as in Example 3, polyester staple fibers and non-woven fabrics were manufactured and wrinkled The percentage of crepe marks on the fibers changed from 12% to 15%, and the crepe marks have the form of Omega (ω). The resulting short-bonded fibers had a thickness of 2.3 dtex. The obtained nonwoven fabric had a bending resistance of 55 mm, a percentage of non-open fibers of 0.9%, and a nonwoven texture grade of 3. Example 10 0-24- (22) (22) 200402485 A polyester staple fiber and a non-woven fabric were manufactured in the same procedure as in Example 3 except that the drawn composite multifilament yarn was not wrinkled. The obtained non-woven fabric had a bending resistance of 53 mm, a percentage of non-open fibers of 0.2%, and a non-woven fabric grade of 3. Example 11 The same procedure as in Example 10 was used to prepare polyester staple fibers. Pulp fibers were suspended in water at a mass ratio of 80:20. Under complete stirring, a square tissue paper production machine was used to mix the aqueous mixed fiber slurry to prepare a dimension of about 25. cm X is about 25 cm and has a dry basis weight of 50 g / m2. Tissue paper is dried at room temperature for 24 hours or more, then placed on a sheet of porous polytetrafluoroethylene and subjected to shrinking treatment in a hot air circulation type dryer at a temperature of 120 ° C for 5 minutes to make a wet Non-woven fabric. The obtained non-woven fabric had a bending resistance of 38 mm, and the non-woven texture had a grade of 3. Comparative Example 3 A polyester staple fiber and a wet-laminated nonwoven fabric were produced in the same procedure as in Example 11 except that the creping procedure for pulling the multifilament yarn was eliminated. The obtained non-woven fabric had a bending resistance of 38 mm, and the non-woven texture had a grade of 2. Example 12 A polyester staple fiber was produced in the same procedure as in Example -25- (23) (23) 200402485 except that the staple fiber length was changed from 5 mm to 51 mm. The short fibers are fed into a carding program using a roller carding machine to prepare a carded web. During the carding process, short fibers exhibit good card-passing characteristics. A plurality of carded nets were stacked on each other to prepare a laminated net having a basis mass of 50 g / m2. The laminated web was subjected to the same thermal bonding procedure as in Example 3, using a stream of hot air to cause the short fibers to bond at the sites crossing each other. Carding method thermally bonds non-woven fabrics. The obtained non-woven fabric had a bending resistance of 58 mm, and the non-woven texture had a grade of 3. Example 13 A polyester short fiber was produced in the same procedure as in Example 10 except that the fiber length of the short fiber was changed from 5 mm to 51 mm. The short fibers were fed into the same carding procedure as in Example 12 to prepare a carded web. During the carding process, short fibers exhibit good carding machine pass characteristics. A plurality of carding nets were overlapped and thermally bonded in the same manner as in Example 12 to manufacture a non-woven fabric thermally bonded by a carding method. The obtained non-woven fabric had a bending resistance of 51 mm, and the non-woven texture had a grade of 3. The present invention can provide special polyester staple fibers for making non-woven fabrics with soft feel and uniform texture. Moreover, the nonwoven fabric provided by the present invention not only has a uniform texture, but also has a soft hand. In particular, the non-woven fabric manufactured by using the polyester staple fiber of the present invention with the net of the air-bonded fabric manufacturing method has a very low percentage of non-open fiber of -26- (24) 200402485, and excellent texture uniformity. Therefore, the special polyester staple fiber makes the nonwoven fabric made from this staple fiber have a wide range of uses, and thus has a high industrial price.
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