TW200305665A - Drawing frame for a spinning machine - Google Patents

Abstract

A drawing frame for a spinning machine, particularly for a circular-ingot spinning machine, comprises at least two pairs of drawing rollers (11, 12) and a leather ring for guiding fiber, in which the leather ring (2, 21, 22, 23) is guided by a guide (4, 41). Meanwhile, the guide (4, 41) and the leather ring (2, 21, 22, 23) form a frictionless material combination. In a beneficial structure, the leather ring (2, 21, 22, 23) comprises a protruded portion mating with the recessed portion of a shaft, or the leather ring (2, 21, 22, 23) abuts the driving shaft (3) through a calender roller.

Description

200305665 V. Description of the invention (1) [Technical field to which the invention belongs] A drafting device of a spinning machine, in particular, relates to a spinning device having at least two pairs of drafting device rollers and at least one apron for The fiber is guided between regions or later, where the aprons are directly or indirectly driven by a shaft and guided by a guide. [Prior art] The basic case for claiming international priority of the present invention is the invention patent filed in Germany on March 28, 2002. Its application number is 102-14-339 · 0 The application is stated here first. In a drafting device of a textile machine, the roving fed is generally guided by a plurality of roller pairs arranged one after the other and at least by a pair of aprons. As the speed of the continuous roller pairs increases, the roller pairs arranged one after the other stretch the fed fiber sliver. In this case, the fiber is clamped between the upper and lower rollers, which is correspondingly clamped between the upper and lower aprons. In order to process short staple fibers, a three-roller double-aperture drafting device is generally used in current ring spinning machines. It comprises a driven and generally grooved steel roller which forms the lower roller of the drafting device. The upper roller generally held on the pressure arm interacts with the lower roller, and the upper roller is pressed onto the lower roller. In the main drafting area of the drafting device, the stretched fibers form fibrous strands. Due to the stretching effect, the fibrous strands consist of only a small amount of fibers. In order to reliably convey the fiber, a fiber guide is arranged in the main drafting area, which is composed of an upper aprons and a lower aprons respectively surrounding. What is needed is, for example, a fiber guide composed of an upper ring and a lower ring to obtain a satisfactory fiber sliver draft. To guide the fiber, whatever

200305665 V. Description of the invention (2) The well-known single or double aprons have upper and lower aprons. For example, current ring spinning machines are generally equipped with double apron. In the drafting device with double apron, the apron is provided on the lower roller and the upper roller, respectively. In this case, the upper aprons are pressed against the lower aprons. The apron adjusts, for example, the amount of fiber by using so-called spacers or small pieces. The upper apron of a double-aperture drafting device is generally short, while the lower apron is both long and short. DE-OS2407118 discloses a large drafting aprons which comprises, for example, polyurethane films in different positions. With such materials, the friction value of the aprons can be optimally bound. There should be a large coefficient of friction where the rollers are in contact with the drive shaft. As described in DE4122881C2, the epithelial ring is placed on the middle upper roller and guided in the upper ring holder. In this case, the lower aprons are placed on the lower aprons and introduced into the wedge-shaped gap of the output rollers through the aprons. In addition, the provided apron table extends through two adjacent textile positions and serves as a guide for two adjacent lower roller aprons. DE1 9 8 4 0 9 6 0 A1 discloses a drafting device of a ring spinning machine with a fleece device, in addition to the usual upper and lower aprons, additional fleece is provided on the output roller pair. Aprons. During operation, the fleece also slides on the guide, on which it is additionally sucked

200305665 V. Description of the invention (3) The main function is to form the guide surface when transferring the fiber to the roller pair of another drafting device or to use it as a pile ring, such as tightening the fiber in the output roller area, such as in DE 1 9 8 4 0 9 6 0 A 1 as described. Disadvantages of the known drafting device are that the surface of the aprons that can guide the fibers well is rough and when it cooperates with the rollers or guides of the drafting device, the sliding friction coefficient is large. Thus, the friction between the guide and the aprons increases, and as a result, the energy consumed to drive the aprons is increased. This also results in increased wear, which leads to premature replacement of the aprons. In addition, the apron slides unevenly on its guides, which produces a so-called stick-slip effect, which adversely affects the quality of the textile fibers, especially its uniformity. Therefore, from the above, it can be seen that the above-mentioned conventional spinning machine drafting device obviously has inconvenience and lack in practical use, and needs to be improved. It is unique to improve the latent effect of consciousness, and it can be set up. This kind of missing and missing is mentioned in the sense of end, for human use. Ming Yun Mingfa issued the basic principles, which is to learn the combination of missed matches and research on the lack of traditional Chinese techniques. TJISL is the solution to the technical problems. It is necessary to allow the invention of the invention. Ming Guo first issued the book. The first ring and life-threatening skin-producing skins will not increase the quality of the Tween, and the fiber will be installed and stretched to carry a stable and flat supply. The special sub-item department 1 levies special features Fan 9 Li 1 Please Wai-φ- Fan Guolitong is specifically to ask questions and explain the resolution of the technical equipment to explain the use of the pieces of the bow to guide and The ring is in the ring, and the ring of the ring is now guided, and the slippery pieces are placed and guided through the draw yarn.

200305665 V. Explanation of the invention (4) The friction-free material reduces the energy required for guiding the aprons. It is particularly important that the aprons can be driven by the shaft without using a large pretension setting for this purpose. Aprons. In addition, it is particularly beneficial that the aprons can slide smoothly on the guides, so that the guidance of the fibers through the aprons does not adversely affect the formation of the fibers. Particularly profitable is that the material of the apron and the guide is coordinated with each other, so that the coefficient of sliding friction between the apron and the guide is less than 0.3. As a result, smooth operation of the aprons on the guide is achieved. It is particularly beneficial that the coefficient of sliding friction between the aprons and the guides is less than 0.2. This further improves the operation of the aprons on the guide and the friction between the aprons and the guides, thereby reducing the energy necessary to drive the aprons. It is particularly beneficial that the coefficient of sliding friction between the aprons and the guide is less than 0.1. In this way, when the apron turns sharply on the guide, in particular, directing the apron directly to the roller of the drafting device will have sufficient effect before. It is particularly beneficial that the guide is coated to reduce friction between the aprons and the guide. As a result, it is beneficial to realize that the roughness of the aprons is sufficiently large or that when interacting with the shaft, a sufficiently large coefficient of friction is provided, so that the aprons can be reliably driven by the shaft. At the same time, there is an advantage that according to the present invention, the coefficient of friction between the aprons and the guide becomes small. In this regard, it is beneficial that polytetrafluoroethylene is used as a coating for the guide, whereby a coating that is resistant to wear and has a small coefficient of friction can be obtained. It is particularly beneficial that a Teflon coating is added to the nickel substrate, through which the guide is coated. Advantageously, the coefficient of sliding friction between the guide and the aprons is smaller than the coefficient of sliding friction between the shaft driving the aprons and the aprons. This can be beneficial

200305665 Fifth, the realization of invention description (5), the aprons can be reliably driven by the shaft, and at the same time, it brings the advantage of reducing the friction between the aprons and the guide. In a further advantageous configuration, a drafting device roller is used to drive the aprons. In another beneficial structure, the aprons are composed of multiple layers, including at least an outer layer and an inner layer. Thus, the outer periphery of the aprons in contact with the fibers beneficially forms another surface, and the inner sides of the aprons are adjusted as needed to reduce Coefficient of friction with the guide. Beneficially, the outer layer of the aprons is rougher than the inner layer that interacts with the guide. It is particularly beneficial that the guide is composed of multiple parts, for example, different coatings can be formed on different parts, especially in areas where the aprons turn sharply, abrasion-resistant and low-friction coatings can be formed, and in the rest, The area can be, for example, an inexpensive coating. In another structure of the invention, the geometry of the fiber guide is adjusted on the drafting device, for example by changing the distance between the guide of the drafting device aprons or the rollers of the drafting device. In another structure of the present invention, the shaft is coated with a friction-increasing coating to beneficially increase the coefficient of friction between the aprons and the shaft, thereby ensuring that the aprons are driven by the shafts, and the A favorable coefficient of friction is achieved between the pieces. It is also beneficial that coatings that have different effects on the coefficient of friction can be considered using a bezel selected according to other criteria in order to reflect the advantages of the present invention. In another advantageous structure of the present invention, when driving the aprons, the shaft and the aprons form a form-locking connection, and the drive is reliable even when the friction between the shaft and the aprons is small. Beneficially, the form-fit connection is achieved by engaging the recessed portion of the aprons with the convex portion of the shaft. Correct

200305665 V. Description of the invention (6) Therefore, the recessed part is preferably provided at the edge of the aprons. For example, a gear-type element can be installed in the area of the shaft, which interacts with the aprons and passes through its teeth or protrusions. The out part is engaged with the recessed part of the aprons. The recessed portion can also be located inside the aprons, and the protruding portion of the shaft is engaged with it. Advantageously, the recessed portion may also be provided on a loop for tightening the yarn. In another advantageous structure of the present invention, the apron has a protruding portion that is engaged with the recessed portion of the shaft, thereby realizing a reliable shape-locking connection between the apron and the shaft. In another beneficial structure, in order to prevent slipping between the aprons and the shaft, the aprons are pressed against the shaft by means of pressure rollers, thereby beneficially improving the friction fit between the aprons and the shaft, so that the friction coefficient is very high. In small hours, sufficient force is also transmitted between the shaft and the aprons to drive the aprons and slide on the guide. Beneficially, the pressure roller is loaded by a loading device so that the pressure can be adjusted. For the structure of a spinning machine drafting device, it is beneficial that the roughness of the outside of the apron used is greater than the roughness of the inside of the apron, wherein the apron is in contact with the fibers through the outside, and the inside of the apron is guided by the inside The piece is guided and driven by the shaft. In this way, the necessary characteristics of the aprons in textile technology can be achieved, and at the same time, the good sliding characteristics between the aprons and the guide can be achieved, so that the fiber quality can be significantly improved by the structure of the outer and inner sides of the aprons. In another advantageous configuration, the apron consists of at least two layers, wherein the outer layer is made rougher than the inner layer, for example, by different apron materials. In another advantageous structure of the apron of the present invention, the surface roughness of the apron is changed or roughened by processing the surface of the apron. Beneficially, its aprons have through-holes to serve as a component for compacting fibers. Another beneficial result in the apron of the present invention

Page 10 200305665 V. Description of the invention (7) In the structure, the aprons have through holes for driving the aprons through a shaft, wherein the protruding portion on the shaft is engaged with the through holes of the aprons. Beneficially, these holes are the same or partially the same 'as a means of tightening the fibers. In another advantageous structure of the apron according to the present invention, the 'aperture has a recessed portion that engages with the convex portion of the shaft to drive the apron. In another beneficial structure of the apron, the apron has a convex portion ' by means of the convex portion of the apron being engaged with the concave portion of the shaft or other rotating member to transmit the force of the shaft or other transmission member. [Embodiment] In order to further explain the technology, means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the intended purpose, please refer to the following detailed description of the present invention and the accompanying drawings. It is believed that the purpose, features and characteristics of the present invention can be obtained from this A thorough and specific understanding, however, the drawings are provided for reference and explanation only, and are not intended to limit the present invention. [Detailed description] Referring to the first figure, a spinning machine according to the present invention is shown. Sectional view of the drafting device. The drafting device 1 is a three-roller double-aperture drafting device. The drafting device 1 includes three lower rollers 11 (Unterzylindern) which are driven, and three upper rollers 12 (0berwalzen) are mounted on them. The main drafting area 14 is connected behind the pre-drawing area 13 and two fiber loops 2 for guiding the fibers are provided in the main drafting area 14 for guiding the fibers. To this end, the middle roller 3 (Mittelzylinder) and the opposite upper roller 31 (0berwalze) are respectively wound by its lower apron 21 and upper apron 22, and they are guided by the guide 4 in the direction of the output roller pair 32. The two aprons 2 slide on the guide 4, and they are guided from the guide 4 by the ring roller 3 and the upper roller 31 to the wedge-shaped slit of the output roller pair 32. Upper Rolla

Page 11 200305665 V. Description of the invention (8) The apron of 31 is placed flat on the apron 2 of the middle roller 3. The lower apron 21 is designed as a so-called long lower apron 2 1 so that it can bypass another guide 4 1 far from the middle roller 3. In this case, the other guide 41 is elastically supported and holds the lower apron 21 by tension. According to the invention, the guide 4 and the other guide 41 of the lower apron 21 and the upper apron 22 are designed in such a way that the guides 4, 41 and the apron 2 form a friction-free material fit . For this reason, in another advantageous structure of the present invention, the guide member 4 and the other guide member 41 are coated. The coating covers the entire surface of the guide member 4 and the guide member 41 in contact with the apron 2. As a result, the operation of the apron 2 on the guides 4, 41 with a small amount of friction is achieved, thereby ensuring the smooth movement of the apron 2 on the guides 4, 41. As a result, the fibers guided between the apron 2 are smoothly conveyed at a uniform speed, and finally, uniform fibers can be formed by the twist configuration on the output roller pair 32. The two aprons 2, the upper apron 22 wound on the upper roller 31 (0berwalze) and the lower apron 2 wound on the middle roller 3 1 are directly or indirectly driven through the shaft, that is, the middle roller 3 (Mittelzylinder) is driven by Driven by the drive of the ring spinning machine. What is important for this is that a sufficient friction fit is formed between the middle roller 3 and the lower ring 21, so that the driving power of the middle roller 3 can be transmitted to the lower ring 21. Since the upper apron 22 is pressed against the lower apron 21 by the upper roller 31 which is not driven by itself, the movement of the lower apron 21 is transmitted to the upper apron 22. This means that the force transmitted between the middle roller 3 and the lower apron 21 must be large enough that the entire system can be reliably and smoothly driven. For this reason, according to another advantageous structure of the present invention, the shaft for driving the aprons 2 丨 under the middle roller 3 has a coating, so that the distance between the middle roller 3 and the inner side of the lower apron 21 that is in contact with the middle roller 3 is coated. Coefficient of sliding friction

Page 12 200305665 V. Description of the invention (9) It should be large enough to realize a | # ^ ^ BB ^ m μ transmission. In the event of an unreliable situation, the ring 21 is pressed onto the technical solution here, and the lower skin is driven by the middle roller 3 to the shaft of the lower ring 2 1 with the help of the press 42. The coating in the grate and the coating of the other guide 41 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, and fene is added to the nickel substrate covering the guide 4. :: ίίL? The above-mentioned components of the stretching device 1 also include, for example, a jiasuoshu a— # 彳 彳 μ, which can be made of steel. # u Saddle 8 supports the upper roller 1 2 and presses it to the lower roller. 1. The pressurized saddle 8 is loaded by an elastic member or pressurized air. Please refer to the second figure, which shows the fiber conveying direction of the drafting device 1. It is located at the wheel out of the handlebar and pours the original 0 at the kidney π θ 7 The fiber-tightening of the drafting device 1 after 32 to the heading roller 32 has a through-hole apron 23 with a through-hole, which is sucked in a known manner so that the fibers guided on it are flat 婶 23 Λ κ 4 ^ 7 ^! Μ it 21 The hard work of Asia is therefore tight, 'Bai. The nm of the aprons with through holes is guided to the wheel-out roller pair 3 2 by the guide 4. : The bow member 4 is sucked so that the fiber 23 in contact with the through-hole apron 23 is driven by the shaft 5 (driving roller) on its outer side: for example, as disclosed in DE 1 97984 100Alm. = Set the roll-out roller 72 '. The roll-out roller 72 causes the aprons 23 with through holes to be pressed onto the roller 73. The driving of the through-hole apron 23 is also through the shaft. The shaft 5 is not fitted on the inside of its apron 23, but is assigned on its outside. The lead element 4 is constructed as described in the first figure of the invention. The present invention also relates to the guide 4 and the aprons 22 as the upper aprons 22 and the following ^ ^ the aprons' in the main drafting zone i 4 of the drafting device 1 and the aprons 23 of the aprons 23 involving the through-holes as a tightening Fiber members are placed in two

Page 13 200305665 V. Description of the invention (ίο) Dimensional tightening area 7. In addition, in the drafting device 1 having the fiber constriction region 7, the problems existing in the drafting device 1 apron 2 3 as an example are completely solved by the present invention. In summary, the present invention is fully in line with the requirements of the invention patent application. Therefore, you should submit your application in accordance with the Patent Law. Please check the details and ask for the Huizhun patent as soon as possible. The review committee has any suspicions, please follow the letter instructions.

However, the above descriptions are only detailed descriptions and drawings of specific embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention and the characteristics of the present invention. For example, those who are familiar with the art and follow the spirit of the present invention, etc. All modifications or changes should be included in the patent scope of the present invention.

Page 14 200305665

Brief description of the drawings on page 15 [Simplified illustration of the drawings] The first diagram is a side sectional view of the drafting device of the textile machine of the present invention. The second diagram is the principle of the drafting device with a compact apron of the present invention. Symbol] Drafting device 1 lower roller 11 upper roller 12 pre-draft zone 13 main draft zone 14 aprons 2 lower aprons 21 upper aprons 22 aprons 23 middle rollers 3 upper rollers 31 output roller pairs 32 guides 4 guides Leader 41 Press roller 42 Shaft (drive roller) 5 Fiber tightening area 7 Roll out 72 Roller 73 Saddle 8

Claims (1)

200305665 The drawn yarn spinning ring is a special type of drawn yarn spinning machine with a diameter of 1UJ, special 1 Please apply for a six-position ring to draw a leather and draw a roller. Luo Zhiqi stretched out by using 2 丨 2 bows, guides 11 2) 11 Λ 4 2 f ί \ 4 circles c leather guides, guided by the defibrillation and fibrillation 丨 area of the bow and horse guide shaft area followed by Time: or in or directly between the time} Special} 23 its pieces of bow guide Xuan ancient ° circle skin bow guide slip 3 2 circle skin and round Fan Li, Zhuan 2 'Please C Shen circle Rupi, Among the 〇〇 its 11 2 units of the g and 41 materials of the 4 material and 4 MC yarn wipes / pieces of friction are not guided into the shape and shape i} Item 3 Slip white placement 3 ο. Λ person, 々 巳 fang gu 2, ruu d Shou V special laps, please apply to the Department of Rubbing, such as Zhong Mo 'its f- I 2 in the second Xiaowei CV Fan laps, Li Pi should be wiped The movement is as follows: slippery, set up, 4 units, stretched, stretched, drafted, woven, spun, or spun. Item 3 or 2 or 11 2 Guide and piece of yarn spinning item 4 or 3 1 ° or ο 2 in or less 1 "The number is Fan Mo Limo's special action, please slide the application, such as between, 5 \ ) y 1i 4 pieces of this guide \) y of 3 its 2 Λ, 2 set 2 installed b stretch 2 pull 2 of the C rim guide and the piece of leather Λ minus the layer of rubbed intermediary ethylene IL tetramer With layer J Tu 5th N) / circumference 1 々 巳 4 ί f profit 4 special C please send ¢-bow as a guide, the machine yarn installed in the 6 described in the 6th circle 々 巳 4 ί, 4- Special C Please ask for a piece of bow, such as the guide, and the installation of the machine yarn spinning described in the 7 above. The base body nickel is added to the coating. Page 16200305665 Encirclement Λ- 巳 5 thin scale L Shen Qi June Fourth 7 or 6 or 5 or 4 or 3 or 2 or IX Fan Li please apply for installation such as fe—)) / 13 3 pull 2 2 , Λ spoon / Η 2 2 〇 ✓0 06 Λ f yarn spinning f Λ of 2 οα mentioned in the cc circled by the leather and leather between the ///, # (number (2 M system bow 'circle I to guide the Pi Mo The P and t ^), the C of Γ and the drive 41 are at 7 or 6 or 5 or 4 or 3 or 2 or r—Η. The shaft is equipped with a drawing machine. Yarn 3) spinning, the 11 mentioned C, the item 8 is set, or the drawing machine is or 2 6 (or the ring 5 skins or the 4 or 3, or the 2 sets or stretches of the 1st cover fan Fan Sari spinning special please apply for the item, 9 ο or 1 ± 00 or 7 221 or 2 Λ, 1 8 2 21 or C, 7 turns or 6 or 5 or 4 or 3. Or inside the layer 2 or on the outer periphery of the first layer, including Fan Baoli Junior High School, please ask 3 mouths 2 Spies to do the same as the CCP} 11 4 Set, install 4 stretched machine yarn spinning as described in item 3 ) 0 2 Λ 1 2 or 2 pieces Or 6, or 5 for loading or stretching machine 43 or spun yarn retractor or 2 or of a said first term surrounded by a range of special interest, or 1. Please ο rough application 1 as thick as or want to '9 layer 2 or inside 1 8 or 7 or installed 6 stretched or drawn 5 or machine 4 yarn or spinning 3 or 2 of the above mentioned or IX 0Α- IX range or range 1 Lee 1 1) Special or 4 Please ο 4 Application 1 If there is a piece, 9 leads 3 or leads 1 8 The 7th part of this or middle is more than -J-IST 6 machines or yarns. 5 spinning shape or shape 4 described above or 3 of the 3 or 3 leading 2 1 leading or or 1 If or the '9 in ^ ί or IX 0〇, or set 7 Page 17 200305665 Axis 3) The 2 t ^ 2 rounds, __ Fan t 2 Special night, please f 2 apply for C, pull the ring x) y 3 The skin is increased with a layer of rubbing. The frictional friction increases the shaft of the coating with or spins the 6 or 5 or 4 4 or 1 3 or 3 00 t-Η or or rH CXI IX range or range ^ ~ _ 利 1 Special or please ο rH Such as OR, 9 5 or 1— ^ 00 or 7 shafts, among which the yarn loop leather and 11 2 3 2 shape installation are installed. The collar 5 1 ± moves to drive the circle in order to take advantage of 2> even the special C's circle, such as this shape, medium shape 6 will be completed 1-Ί 1 2 2nd circle C. The fan circle and the leather department should be trapped in the concave, such as the connection, the desire to install 7 points, the 1 part of the stretched out and the machine with the stretched and drawn 3 yarn reel machine yarn spinning The 6 rH or 5 1X 2 axis has or τ—_ 6 or or 5 LO rH or or 4 4 or Τ—_ 3 or or 3 ηΛ- IX or or τ-Η CN1 1 ±. Encirclement or sub-standards 1 part of the profit 1-Special or convex please ο -φ- 1—_ fit or match, 9 points 8 or part 1— ^ 18 sink or concave 7 spoon 2 6 4 machine C yarn roller spinning Auxiliary borrowing} Item 23 7 ， 1 2 (12 or, circle 621 skin 2 2 shaft and:> slip \ hit, the shaft is placed between the soil crime extension pressure (3 pull, circle skin should stop Anti-upper-skin: For the machine that is placed in the 3d stretcher, 2 rims, 2 yarns, 1 spinning, and 2 kinds of 2 sets, 1 with C, and 9 stretchers with 1 ~ ^ The yarn spinning ring is in the side of the special side, which is thick and rough, and the side is passed through to contact the fiber and the side. It is passed through the guide piece, and the guide is obtained from the rough skin The second circle C Fan Lilipi should specifically apply to the application, such as,, ο ο ο Leather 2 of the installation and drawing of the machine yarn spinning 9 9 2 2 from as few as the page 18th page 30305665 Six sets of rough layers In the inner layer of the inner layer, please apply for the item mentioned in the description of the machine yarn spinning 2 or h 9 (1 circle of the leather circle, the fan is profitable, please circle the skin of the skin, such as Passing, setting up 1— ^ installation degree 2 stretching rough drawing »^ MV #ov / 0 An circle 2 surface treatment table} line 3 pen 2 ^, surface 22 table 'rx 2 NJ item 1 described: 2 or ο 2 or 9 IX Fan Li specially requested to apply 0 to 2 instead of looping. In this piece, the fiber loop shrinkage is tightly placed as a through-machine yarn that is stretched to draw holes. Woven} 1X 2 3 2 item, 23 21 >, 2 222 2 or L, 1 (M 2 2 circle, or leather (2 ο in 2 or 1-I circle, skin 3) C range If you have a shaft, please extend it to 'ΠΤ Αν πι J. If the machine is available, the yarn is 00, the spinning is 2 of 23, the weight is 2 households, 2 times, and the leather drive is 8 ^ or 2 2 or ΊΧ 2 or ο 2 or 9 IX. Fan Li specially asked for application such as ο Λ hole 4 through 2 of the ring 3) C-shaft installed over the extension and drawn by the machine with yarn spinning} 23, 2 households 2 items, 3 2 1X 2 circles The leather area in the circle of the horse 11 2 2 circles or the leather 2 in the 2 or its r—Η, 2 circles or the skin of the 2 placed or installed 9 stretch 1—I pull the fan fan yarn. Please refer to the section of the Lifang Branch for details. 4) 5 2 232 or 11 2 The shaft is used to pass the ring. 0 1 1 2 The section is convex. Page 19