SU852250A1 - Method of growing seedling of fruit plants and vine - Google Patents

Description

one

The invention relates to agriculture, namely to horticulture and forestry, and can be used in the cultivation of grape seedlings, as well as saplings of fruit and wild trees.

Methods of growing grape seedlings both in open ground and in greenhouses 1, 3 are known, the most common being a method of growing seedlings in a schoolhouse, including soaking of fumming cuttings, kilchevanie, grafting, grafting, planting school cuttings or grafts, growing schools, two years of time digging up the seedlings and planting vineyards with waxed seedlings after storing them in the ground or in storage during the winter.

There is a known method of growing seedlings of P. LODY trees in a nursery, including sowing seeds, growing seedlings (willows), grafting, planting and growing seedlings in the first and second field of the nursery 2.

There is a method of growing grape seedlings, including planting cuttings or grafts in paper cups filled with the substrate, feeding plants with mineral fertilizers on the racks in the greenhouse before rooting and planting the seedlings in the ground together with the cups, while peat or ground is recommended to be used as a substrate a form, and also willows with sand 3.

There is a known method of growing plants, in particular vegetables, in greenhouses on split trees of deciduous and coniferous trees, including the preparation of a sawing substrate mixed with mineral fertilizers, moistening with aging for at least three weeks before the end of the biothermal process (burning) and the subsequent planting of seedlings plant nutrition solutions

15 mineral fertilizers during the growing season 4.

The above methods of growing grape seedlings, as well as seedlings of fruit trees, have a number of disadvantages, and the common disadvantage of growing seedlings of fruit trees in the nursery and grape seedlings in the school is the duration of the process, since

25 planting of grape seedlings on a permanent site is made on the second, third year after planting, and fruit trees on the third, fourth year after sowing, and also when re-planting seedlings from the nursery (school)

Damage to the plant root system is inevitable.

Paper cups protect the plant root system to some extent, however, germination of the cups is not excluded, and when picking seedlings before planting in a permanent place, great care is required since without damage it is difficult to separate the intertwined plant roots from each other. In addition, since paper cups have bottoms, the substrate becomes swampy, aeration of the root system is difficult, and this leads to a significant reduction in the growth of seedlings.

Growing seedlings of fruit trees and grapes in greenhouses on cuts or other substrates is quite possible, however, when placing seedlings on the crests or racks of the greenhouse, the possibility of mechanizing the selection of seedlings from the greenhouse without damaging the root system and growth is excluded.

The aim of the invention is to accelerate the production of planting material and the provision of the possibility of mechanized plant care.

The goal is achieved by planting cuttings and grafts in bottomless plastic cups with natural ventilation, filled with steamed sawdust as a substrate, and watered the plants for the first 14-16 days with clean water and then from the moment of root formation with a solution of mineral salts prior to planting in open ground, and watering and feeding with a solution of mineral salts is carried out by sprinkling.

Natural aeration of the root system is achieved due to the fact that the cups do not have a bottom, this ensures free passage of excess water or fertilizing solutions, root germination through the walls of polyethylene covers is eliminated. In addition, the need for such agrotechnical processes as cultivation is eliminated , weeding, etc., since the filings remain sterile and retain their physical properties (do not compact), and the pallets on which the cups are installed, ensuring dissolved complete mechanization work inside the greenhouse and transport to the site at a constant position.

Example. After stratification and waxing by known technology, grape cuttings or their grafts were planted in February-March one by one into plastic covers (cups without bottom) pre-filled with steamed sawdust. The height of the caps is 20, diameter is 7 cm. Sawdust is stuffed into the caps tightly, but so that without special efforts, when turning, the cuttings can be placed in them at a depth of 10–12 cm (two knots). The planting of graft trees was made in caps 15-17 in height and 10–12 cm in diameter, while Planting was carried out one time with packing caps with steamed sawdust.

The covers with grafts or cuttings planted in them were placed vertically close to the perforated pallets (the diameter of the holes on the pallet is no more than 20 mm, the holes are at a distance of at least 5 cm from each other). Pallets should fit 200-30 caps and have rims to hold caps upright. The height of the top shelf of the pallet above the soil is 12-15 cm.

Pallets with transplanted grafts or cuttings were transported to the greenhouse premises and placed on the ground (the premises of the greenhouse intended for growing seedlings on pallets does not have a cultural layer of soil or substrate, the top layer is drainage sand).

During 14-16 days, the grape saplings were sprinkled with clean water 3-4 times a day so that the sawdust in the covers was constantly in the wet state (the air humidity in the greenhouse was 90-95%, the temperature was 27-29 ° С, temporary increases in temperature up to 35 ° C are allowed.

Top dressing was started from the beginning of root formation on the 14th – 16th day after planting and was sprinkled with a solution of mineral fertilizers, while from the fifth week until the end of cultivation (up to the max) the number of top dressings was increased to 4–5 times a day, eliminating watering with clean water.

Fertilizing seedlings of fruit trees with fertilizer solutions was made from the first day of their placement in the greenhouse, since the stock already has its own root system.

The seedlings were sampled by moving the pallets out of the greenhouse by lifting and transporting mechanisms and placing them on vehicles for delivery to the landing site in open ground.

Claims (4)

Thus, the proposed method of high-speed growing of seedlings of fruit trees and grapes on trays in the greenhouse creates the most favorable conditions for the development of the root system and growth, since mechanical damage to the plants is completely excluded (inevitable during transplants in nurseries and shkolka). The root system of plants develops in a sterile environment with unchanged physical properties (sawdust is not compacted), with sufficient aeration, root germination through the nets of the covers and waterlogging of the substrate are eliminated, the feeding process is automated at a much lower cost (compared to the hydroponic method), all work , associated with the transportation of seedlings inside the greenhouse, is fully mechanized. Practical use of the proposed method in the Levokumsk state farm showed that within 1.5-2 months. seedlings with a well-developed root system and growth equivalent to annual plants can be grown. When planted in a permanent place in May, by the fall the seedlings reach a state of development equivalent to two-year-old seedlings grown under the nursery (school) conditions. The proposed method of accelerated cultivation of saplings of fruit trees and a vineyard can be used in any household, I eat greenhouses, at minimal cost (production of pallets, covers) and give a significant economic effect, at least 1000 rubles. on each hectare due to the elimination of the fields of seedlings in the nurseries of fruit trees and grape school while accelerating the beginning of fruiting for at least 1 year. The proposed method can be successfully applied for growing seedlings for plantations of any tree species, while the planting of cultivated and wild plants and trees is not limited to spring and autumn plantings, but can be significantly extended, the planting can be carried out throughout the summer period. Claim 1. Method for growing seedlings of Clodic crops and grapes, including planting cuttings and grafts in cups filled with the substrate, in greenhouse conditions, tsiliv and fertilizing with mineral fertilizers, planting plants in the open ground together with cups after their ripening, characterized by that, in order to accelerate the production of planting material, the possibility of mechanized care of plants, planting cuttings and grafts is carried out in plastic cups without a bottom with natural valves Hovhan filled steamed sawdust as a substrate, and the plants watered first 14- 16 days with pure water, and then after rooting mineral salts solution before planting in open ground. 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that watering and feeding with a solution of mineral salts is carried out by sprinkling. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. Moser L. Viticulture in a new way. M., “Kolos, 1971. 2. Day J. Basics of gardening. M., “Kolos, 1975, p. 345. 3. Negrul A. M. Viticulture. M., Selkhozizdat, 1952, p. 119-120 (prototype). 4. Rodnikov N. et al. Vegetable production. M., “Kolos, 1978, p. 313.