SU42886A1 - The method of obtaining black-aniline and similar oxidative dyes on the fibers - Google Patents

Description

Black aniline is the most beautiful and durable of all black paints, but in terms of its finish, it is on par with mouse connections. True, it is assumed that good ventilation eliminates the danger of poisoning at the factory itself, removing fumes into the surrounding atmosphere, but a simple experiment with a cloth flap moistened with a solution of aluminum chlorate (which, when hung in the room, quickly turns green) shows that aniline is scattered throughout the factory where this important product is produced.

Aniline, as you know, flies away not only in the field, but also during the drying of the goods. In this regard, it is very instructive that Zürcher (Zuercher. Bull. Mulh. 1885-319) shows that aniline appears bad if the printed product is subjected to cold air flow. Obviously, even in the cold, aniline ns aniline salt flies away, therefore, from a sanitary point of view, the most correct way would be to produce black aniline, when not only steaming was used, but also

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drying the product with the applied aniline salt, and thus both the factory and its surroundings would not be exposed to toxic fumes.

Until now, similar methods have been used only for dyeing in one bath. The only indication of such a method can be considered a message published by Konp (Monit. Sclent. 1861-249, Noelting, p. 66) that he received dirty greens on the wire with a chromatic fabric, printed with aniline salt. Kopp suggested that by using a sufficiently concentrated paint, you can get almost black. However, a simple experiment proves that the Conpa method can never give a black color: it simply did not have enough catalysts to speed up the reaction and its aniline salt was washed away during wiring before it was oxidized.

It is necessary to accelerate the oxidation process by the addition of catalysts, the most important of which is parafennlenediamine (paramin), not yet known to Kopp. Already a small increase

10/0 paramin to the printed ink so accelerates the oxidation of aniline, that the pattern immediately turns black when the wet product is immersed in the chromatic peak and the contours of the pattern do not spread. A patent is applied for the use of paramin.

GREEN (1907 -№ 204514), WHICH

I found long ago that when paramina is added, the oxidation of aniline already occurs under the influence of atmospheric oxygen.

Green was oxidized by aniline in such a way that the printed product was subjected to oxidation by oxygen from the air, which was produced by passing the goods through an ordinary egg or by currying. In germany, patent 208518, Green indicates instead of paramine a number of other substances (e.g. benzidine, tolidine, dianisidine).

Zeydler and Vengraf patented (Germ, Pat. No. 223404, 1910 g.) The use of paragmin for printing aniline black on naphtol products. In this case, paramin undoubtedly plays the role of a catalyst.

According to the proposed method for producing black-aniline or other similar colors on the fiber, the solution of the oxidizing agent and the solution of the amine salt with the addition of paraphenylenediamine or some other catalyst are applied on the fibrous material in any order; In this case, after applying the solutions without intermediate drying, the goods are carried out without drying, steaming for the duration of drying directly on the wash or oxidizer treatment.

In order to avoid the spreading of the pattern, the soil is applied in a thin layer, for which a shaft with light engraving or strong spin is used for padding.

It is possible to modify the proposed method in this way: first blot the fabric with an oxidizing agent solution, then dry it and print it with an amine solution with a catalyst.

For the introduction of the method into production, as a reception, the least distinguished from its usual practice of printing printing, the product was oshyusovan bromine solution:

Chrompic soda 50 weight. h

Water950 „

1000 weight. h

carefully dried (while guarding it from excessive light) and paint printed on it;

Aniline oil80 weight. h

Sol Na Acid 19 ° Be. . . .120 „„

Paramin3 „„

Chloric iron 20% .... 100, „

iiarycTKa697 „,

1000 weight. h

After printing, the product quickly turns black and can be directly sent not only without maturation, but also without drying. At the same time, it was discovered that an interesting fact was that full black color was obtained already at a content of 40 g of aniline oil per 1 kg of printing ink, while conventional methods require from 60 to 80 g. Such a significant increase in the use of aniline oil is obviously significant The measure is due to the elimination of all of its volatilization.

When developing the method, it turned out that in order to manufacture the goods from one pass (without prior preparation of it with chromic solution, which complicated production), it was necessary to introduce a new principle of operation, because conventional methods did not lead to the desired result. This new method turned out to be the principle of applying to the fabric a very thin layer of a concentrated reagent solution. There is a known limit of moisture at which the ink applied to the fabric is knit; it does not blur. Such a limit of dryness cannot, apparently, be achieved by the usual squeezing of the additional shafts, but only by hydraulic pressing or by applying the solution with an oduvka or specially engraved shaft and the like.

A long series of experiments showed that the above described method of applying dyeing and dyeing preparatory solutions not only solves the problem of cold oxidation of black aniline on a printing machine, but also allows the use of other types of dyes, requiring a combination of the two to react; printing solutions dpazo on undried goods 5% prepared with a solution of naphthol, P. p.

The method of accelerated oxidation without drying was also tested for other amines and almost all the amines at hand gave a satisfactory result when typing them according to the recipe:

Amin30 weight. h

Sol on acid 19 ° Vyo .... 60 „,

Zagustka840,

Ferric chloride 20% -NVE .... 50, „

Paramin lO-i / oHbitt20 „„

1000 weight. h

In weak solutions (3%), some amines, such as xylidine and cumidin, gave poor results; Interesting in weak shades were ortho-toluidine (blue-violet) and alpha naphthylamine (reddish-purple), as well as a mixture of them, which gives a brown color.

Other catalysts, both already mentioned by Green (patent No. 204514) and commonly used compounds of copper, iron, manganese, cerium and vanadium, can be used along with paramin. Different combinations of these catalysts give different shades of color of the resulting black aniline.

The simplest is to print on an unprepared product of paint, for example, of the following composition:

Aniline oil80 weight. h

Sol on acid 19 ° Be120 ",

Paramin3 „„

Ferric chloride 20% .... 100 „,

oagustka697,

1000 weight. h

And the subsequent skip without drying directly onto the bichromate;

Khrompik soda ....... 60 weight. h

Sulfuric acid 66 ° Be 30 ",

Water: 920, „

1000 weight. h

The resulting color strength is not inferior to the usual. When padding

Aniline for a smooth color. It is possible to use, for example, the following solution:

Aniline oil200 weight. h

Sol on acid 19 ° Vyo ... 250. ,

Paramin6,

Aluminum chloride 22 ° Vyo. .100 . ,

Water444.

1000 weight. h

Other amines, for example amidodefinylamine, fuchsamine are also suitable for this reaction.

The subject of the patent.

1. A method for producing black-aniline and similar oxidative dyes on fibers by alternately applying to the fibrous material in any order: a) an oxidizing solution (e.g., bromide with or without acid), and b) an amine salt solution salts) with the addition of paraphenylene diamine, as well as, if desired, other catalysts, characterized in that the product, after the alternate, without intermediate drying, application of these solutions leads directly to the washing or treatment with an oxidizing solution without prior body drying, steaming or curling.

2. Acceptance of the method indicated in paragraph 1. Characterized by the fact that, in order to avoid spillage in printing, one of the solutions, which serves as a primer, is applied to the goods in a thin layer, either with the aid of a spin wrench or with a shaft with light engraving.

3. The change of the above in paragraphs. 1 and 2, characterized in that the solution of the amine salt with the catalyst is printed on the fabric, pre-padded with an oxidant solution and dried.