SU1699381A1 - Method for plant growing - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to agriculture, namely to hydroponics without a substrate. The aim of the invention is to simplify the method and reduce labor costs. The goal is achieved by placing the plants in a vegetative bath, feeding the nutrient solution into the ZONE of the root system of the plants, shading the nutrient solution with an optically opaque material, which uses floating hydrophobic particles made of polymeric material, cultivating the plants to obtain harvest. The method allows the cult ™ of planting time to be shorter than 1 time, just as the harvest time s does not require replacing the film cover. 2 tab., Il. and

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, namely to hydroponics without a substrate.

There is a known method of growing plants, including a substrate-free cultivation in a vegetative bath on a nutrient solution and shading the latter using opaque materials. A disadvantage of the known method is that shading is achieved by placing a rigid structure above the solution, which at the initial stage of cultivation with small plant sizes partially transmits light, which causes the appearance of microalgae in the solution, reducing the productivity of planting. The technical solution is material-intensive and does not allow for the organization of sliding sowing, which also limits productivity.

There is also known a method of growing plants, including a substrate-free cultivation in a vegetative bath on a nutrient solution and shading of the latter using opaque materials. The method requires complex adaptations and limits the freedom with regard to the movement of plants, which leads to a lack of organization of the separation of plants and the restriction of productivity.

The purpose of the invention is to simplify the method and increase the productivity of planting plants.

The goal is achieved by the fact that in a known method of growing plants, including placing

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plants in a vegetative bath and substrateless cultivation on a nutrient solution and shading of the latter, shading is carried out by applying a layer of floating particles from a hydro-active and optically opaque material to the surface of the solution in the bath.

FIG. 1 and. An example of an embodiment of the method is illustrated with periodic flooding with a nutrient solution: FIG. 1 - type of plants in the bath at the moment of filling it with a solution; in fig. 2 - the same, after draining the plant

the thief from the bath.

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In the growth bath 1, into which a nutrient solution is fed periodically through pipeline 2 with Filter 3, the holders of 4 plants with seedlings are placed. A layer of floating particles 5 of hydrophobic and optically opaque material is applied to the surface of the solution in bath 1, for example, a foam polyethylene crush or foam granule. Due to the buoyancy of the particles, the particles are distributed equally over the surface of the solution, forming a layer of uniform thickness. The thickness of the layer is selected, on the basis of the kAfAicin transmission of light by the layer, so that no more than 5 W / m2 gets into the solution through it. Since particles 5 are hydrophobic, they remain dry and microalgae on their surface do not develop. After the solution is drained from the bath 1, a layer of particles 5 settles on the wet roots and the bottom of the bath 1, they are shaded from the light. Filter 3 prevents particles 5 from being carried away from the solution stream from bath 1. When the solution is fed into the bath, the layer of particles 5 emerges again. Thus, during the growing season, the nutrient solution is constantly obscured. And the root system of the plants prevents the development of microalgae and ensures normal productivity. When organizing sliding or conveyor sowing, the holders 4 with the plants freely move a layer of particles 5 in the sliding bath 1, which, after the end of the movement, fills the vacant spaces. Plants can be grown by the proposed method and with a constant level of nutrient solution or in a flow culture - on a thin slat of the solution flowing along an inclined surface.

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Example. In the experiment, grown lettuce varieties Krupnochachan. In option 1, the salad is grown by the proposed method in - conveyor sliding sowing on periodic flooding with Knop solution. At the same time, a layer of particles of foamed polyethylene with a thickness of about 1 cm is applied to the surface of the solution. in contrast to option 1, no shading of the solution is carried out. In the option of 3g, lettuce is grown in stationary sowing according to a known method. All other growing conditions are the same in all variants: temperature 18-20 s, irradiance 60-70 W / m2, removable age of plants 28 days, In table. 1 presents the values of the average daily productivity of sowing for raw biomass in different variants.

Thus from the table. As can be seen in Figure 1, the proposed method provides increased sowing productivity as compared to sliding sowing without shading the solution and results in an increase of 1.5 times the yield compared to the known method of growing in stationary sowing. It should be noted that, while ensuring an increase in the productivity of sowing, the proposed method is less labor intensive, reducing the duration of the process (see Table 2).

In the known method, the planting process is particularly complicated and time-consuming, which requires precise and careful placement of seedlings in the holes of the coating and the subsequent correction of the individual petals of the split film elements of the shading coating. The proposed method eliminates these drawbacks, which reduces the entire process and reduces its labor intensity. By the proposed method, plants can be grown at a constant level of a nutrient solution or, in a flow culture, on a thin film of the solution.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula A method of growing plants, including placing the plants in a growing season, bathing, feeding the nutrient solution into the plant root zone, shading the nutrient solution with an optically opaque material and then cultivating the plants to produce a crop, characterized in that with simplification of the method and reducing costs, nutrient shading The thief is carried out by applying floating hydrophobic particles to its surface. T a b l and c a 1 Option 1 2 | 3 Productivity, g / m2. sut 364 309 244 T a b and c a G. Variance Indicators Method antt proposed famous 1 Yield, kg / m2 (during the growing season) 7.61 2 Duration of the process planting, min / m2 0.5 5-1P 3 Duration of the harvesting process, min / m211-3 4Additional work No need- Replacement reach. night shade shelter N 1 (- Phie.Ј