RU2107427C1 - Plant cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, horticulture. SUBSTANCE: method involves preparing soil; planting; covering plants with film; caring; harvesting. Plants are planted on planned ridges, with groups or strips of high quick-growing plants used as supports for nonwoven covering material being planted in alternation with low-height plants to be protected. EFFECT: increased efficiency and simplified method.

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture and is intended for the cultivation of vegetable crops in individual production, in garden plots.

 A known method of growing plants, in which rows of plants are covered with a continuous cloth of plastic film without a frame for the entire length of the plantation. The edges of the film are fixed with slats or soil [1].

 The disadvantage of this method is that the microclimate is created in a small surface soil layer, which leads to sharp fluctuations.

 There is a known method of growing plants, in which rows with plants are covered with a continuous sheet of polyethylene film, which is supported by a soil trapezoidal roller in the middle of the rows, and the film is sprinkled with soil along the edges [2].

 The disadvantage of this method is that due to the manufacture of the soil roller decreases the utilization of the useful covering area, the technology of manufacturing the soil roller requires special equipment, the manufacturing process of the roller is time-consuming.

 The purpose of the invention is to reduce the cost of cultivating plants, simplifying the method of cultivating plants, creating more favorable conditions for plant growth.

 To achieve this goal, the method of cultivating plants involves preparing the soil, planting plants that are carried out on planned ridges, combining alternating groups or ribbons of tall standard plants used as support for non-woven covering material made of polypropylene and low-growing protected plants.

 The claimed method of plant cultivation differs from the prototype in that it is planted on planned ridges, combining alternating groups or ribbons of tall, fast-growing standard plants used as support for a non-woven covering material and low-growing protected plants. Nonwoven covering material is openly sold in a distribution network for the manufacture of greenhouses and spring shelter for planting vegetables. The technological properties of the nonwoven covering material are distinguished by the fact that such a material allows air, water and light to pass through well, while at the same time it protects from frost, overheating, and drying out. The use of non-woven covering material on combined plantings of tall and short plants, in which tall, fast-growing bole plants are used as support for the non-woven covering material that protects the main culture from frost, overcooling and creates favorable conditions for increasing the productivity of the main culture.

 According to well-known technologies, the continuous covering of plants with a film often leads to overheating of plants. The contact of the leaves with the film sometimes causes temperature disturbances in the places of contact. The use of non-woven covering material for the continuous shelter of plantings using tall plants as a support for the non-woven covering material reduces the complexity of the process, reduces the cost. The use of non-woven covering material for sheltering protected plants greatly simplifies the technological process of growing plants.

 Comparison of the proposed method of cultivating plants using alternating groups or ribbons of tall, fast-growing stub plants together with low-growing protected plants with cover of these ridges with completely non-woven covering material allows to obtain a higher technical result that more fully meets agricultural requirements, and contributes to higher yields, reduces cost products, simplifies the process.

 Example 1. The cultivation of early potatoes in combination with tall garden beans in the conditions of the non-chernozem zone is as follows. The area for early potatoes is placed after beets, cabbage, pumpkin crops, it can not be placed after tomatoes. Organic fertilizers are applied to the soil in the amount of 10-15 kg / m of beds, mineral fertilizers: 3-4 tablespoons of superphosphate, 2 cups of ash. All are dug with a pitchfork to a depth of 20-25-30 cm. In a row of 5-7 m long, 1.5 m wide, the seeds of beans that are previously soaked and bent to a depth of 6-7 cm are planted in a row, one seed every 20-25 cm. on the sides of the beans at a distance of 45-50 cm, pre-warmed and germinated seed tubers are sprouted up into the grooves about 10 cm deep every 20-25-30 cm. Then the furrows are covered so that a layer of soil 5-6 cm thick forms over the tubers. The entire area with planted tubers and beans is covered with translucent etkanym covering materials (e.g., agril) prisypaya edge soil or pressing strips, planks. The width of the nonwoven covering material should be wider and longer by 40-50 cm on each side, i.e. 2.3-2.5 m, which is necessary for the growth of potato tops. During the growing season, if necessary, after precipitation or after irrigation, when the soil is compacted and weeds grow, the translucent non-woven covering material is carefully opened, the soil is treated with a hoe to remove weeds and planting seeds, then the covering material is again spread over the potato plants. The grown leguminous plants raise non-woven covering material, pulling it over the potatoes, forming a kind of tent, which favorably affects the development of plants.

 When the frost-free period sets in, the translucent covering material is removed from the early potato plantings. If necessary (prolonged cooling), a translucent non-woven covering material (agril) can remain on the early plantings of potatoes until the flowering phase. With the onset of commercial ripeness, the tubers are harvested in the usual way.

Example 2. The cultivation of cucumbers in combination with tall garden beans in the conditions of the non-chernozem zone is as follows. The site for cucumbers is placed after potatoes or tomatoes, legumes. Organic fertilizers are added to the soil in the amount of 1-15 kg per 1 m of beds, mineral fertilizers per 1 m tablespoon of ammonium nitrate or urea, 3-4 tablespoons of superphosphate, two glasses of ash. On a bed of 4-6 m long, 1.5 m wide in the middle, pre-soaked and bent bean seeds are planted to a depth of 6-7 cm in a row (ribbon), one seed every 20-30 cm. Planted on the sides of the beans at a distance of 50 cm into grooves with a depth of 5-7 cm, seeds of previously soaked cucumbers at a distance of 1-15 cm from each other. The seed placement depth is 2-2.5 cm. After sowing, a covering nonwoven material (for example, agryl) made of polypropylene is laid on the bed, the edges of the covering material are covered with soil or pressed with boards. The width of the covering material for such a bed is about 2.3-2.5 m, that is, on each side of the covering material should be wider and longer by 40-50 cm. After 10-12 days. after the emergence of cucumber shoots, weeding is carried out, lightly adding to the peat plants with a layer of 2 cm.With the onset of stable warm weather and the beginning of flowering, a constant window forms between the soil and the covering non-woven material, which ensures free access for pollination of bees. In warm weather, the vents can be left open at night. The grown legumes raise the covering material, pull it over the cucumbers, forming a kind of tent, which favorably affects the development of plants. With partial drying of the soil, watering from a watering can is carried out. Harvesting is carried out every other day, watering the plants on that day. Water for irrigation is used after heating to a temperature of 12-18 ^o C.

Claims (1)

 A method of cultivating plants, including preparing the soil, planting the plants, covering the plantings with foil, leaving, cleaning, characterized in that the planting is carried out on planned ridges, combining alternating groups or tapes of tall, fast-growing stem plants used as support for non-woven covering material, and low-growing protected plants.