SU1560431A1 - Method of sawing blocks of natural stone into plates - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the building materials industry, namely to the production of facing slabs from natural stone, and allows for an increase in the yield of slabs by reducing their thickness. This is achieved by cutting blocks of natural stone into plates of the smallest possible thickness, then the plates are inserted vertically into the formwork at distances equal to the width of the slit of the cut, the sandy-clay mixture is poured into the intervals between the plates, the formwork is poured with water and frozen, then the blocks are molded and sawn along and in the middle of each plate, the resulting saw elements are defrosted and thin plates of natural stone are cleaned of clay-sand mixture, which is reused. Plates are edged, washed and dried. 2 hp ff, 1 tab.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to the building materials industry, namely the production of natural stone facing tiles.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the output of the plates by reducing their thickness.

The essence of the method of sawing blocks of natural stone on slabs is as follows.

A block of natural stone is mounted on the frame of a multi-sawing sawing machine, cut into plates of the smallest possible thickness and, if necessary, edged in such a way as to obtain rectangular-shaped plates of standard dimensions in terms of size. Then, the obtained flat elements of natural stone of irregular or regular shape are inserted vertically into the formwork with

with gaps equal to the width of the slit of the cut, in these gaps fall asleep with dry loose sand-clay mixture of equal composition without compaction or with compaction, saturate it with water, after which the sand-clay mixture is frozen, preferably under natural conditions in winter. Frosted layered rectangular blocks, after unfolding them from the formwork, are installed on the frame of the same multi-saw sawing machine and each block is cut along and in the middle of each plate of natural stone. The obtained saw elements, which, in addition to the extreme two, are two thin plates of natural stone with dimensions in plan equal to the size of the block, with a layer between them of the frozen sand-clay mixture, are kept in room or

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natural conditions until the sand-clay mixture is completely thawed, and then it is removed from thin plates of natural stone for reuse. Flat elements of natural stone are washed and, if necessary, are edged to the dimensions specified in plan.

Example 1. A pasted block of marble with dimensions of 70x70x70 cm was installed on the frame of a sawing machine with 19 diamond strips and sawn into a plate to a depth of 60 cm, then this block of rock with almost completely cut from it was taken to the open air at a minus temperature on a specially prepared platform, Then, the block was enveloped along the bottom (short-sided side of the block) and side faces of the polyethylene greenhouse film and secured to the perimeters of the side faces with bundles. During the intervals between the cuts with a width of 20 mm, dry loose sandy-clay mixture of equal composition with the content of sand and clay with a porosity of 50% 9 was filled in and then poured with water to the very top of the block. The block was kept at a minus temperature until the sandy-clay mixture was completely frozen and freezed with the saw surfaces of the stone. The composition of the sandy-clay mixture can be adjusted such

in order to ensure the greatest strength of the dead block, which depends on the width of the cut slot. The frozen block was placed under the frame of the same sawing strip machine with the same distances between the 30 mm strips in almost the same position, except for the block displacement 15 mm + 1/2 the width of the slit perpendicular to the strips, in order so that when the block is re-sawed, the cut goes along and in the middle of the flat marble elements. Then the block was sawn into flat plates until the end of the block. The sawing of the block was carried out with a feed rate of strips of 0.75 cm / min, thus the total sawing time of the block was about 80 minutes. Despite the fact that the sawing was carried out with the continuous supply of washing water and indoors at a temperature of + 20 ° C, no noticeable traces of thawing of the frozen sandy-clay mixture were observed. The sawn plates were edged into plates on single-disk machines, carried to the open air and stored, where they were stored for several months until the warming and complete natural thawing of the sandy-clay mixture. After that, the sand-clay mixture was removed for reuse, the plates were washed and stored. As a result, 36 slabs with a thickness of 7.5 mm and plan dimensions of 500x600 mm were obtained from a block of marble with a size of 70x70x70 cm.

PRI mme R 2. A pasted block of marble with dimensions 50x50x50 cm was placed under the frame of a sawing machine with diamond strips and cut into 20 mm plates. The obtained plates were edged into plates with dimensions in the plan of 400x400 mm. A total of 14 plates were obtained. The resulting plates were vertically inserted into a 40x40x45 cm formwork, lined inside with plastic wrap perpendicular to its long side at a distance of 0 mm from each other and so that the side faces of the 40x40 cm formwork were 20 mm away from the nearest plate surfaces. In the intervals between the slabs and the side edges of the formwork, the sandy-clay mixture was filled up according to Example 1. The formwork was carried out into the open air with a minus temperature, the intervals with the sandy clay mixture were filled with water and the formwork was held until the sandy-clay mixture froze. After that, the layered block was disbanded. A frozen laminated block was placed under the frame of the same sawing machine with the same distance between the strips of 20 mm and sawn along and in the middle of each plate. The remaining operations are similar to those described in example 1. As a result, 28 plates 5 mm thick and 400x400 mm in plan dimensions were obtained.

Example The saw block of labradorite with dimensions of 170x200x400 mm was sawn along the length of the side on a seven-disk machine with a cutting width of 7 mm on 8 plates 15 mm thick and in plan dimensions 200x400 mm. The resulting plates were vertically stacked in a formwork with dimensions of 180x202x402 mm, lined inside a polyethylene

with a film, onr-a distance x; r - th, equal to the width of the slit, propyl rJ 1 mm, para bullet on the long side of the formwork, The distance from the formwork shade 202x402 mm in size was assumed to be 16.5 mm. In the intervals covered with sand and poured water to the top edge of the formwork. After that, shut the formwork into the freezer, where it was kept until the slabs with the water-sand mixture were completely freezed into a monolithic block. Then the formwork was removed. The gaps between the plates of natural stone were glued with adhesive tape and the laminated block was sawn on the same seven-disk machine along and in the middle of all layers made in the form of labradorite saw plates. The obtained layered plates were kept in a bath with water (C), which, as it cooled, was replaced until the sand mixture was completely thawed, after which the plates of labradorite were removed, washed and dried, As a result, 16 plates of labradorite with a thickness of 4 mm were obtained 200x400 mm.

Example 4. A frozen layered block based on the saw gabbro, obtained as in Example 3S, was coated with a thin layer of plasticine on the lower and side sides, and

mi filled with the frozen water-sandy mixture were sealed with flexible tape. These operations have completely eliminated the direct contact of the frozen sand.

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mixtures with pro Eoch.CH Modon. 1.p, cheyuit e C cutting tool. The opal operations are similar to those described in example 3.

The table shows the technical and economic indicators of PPP. Saw stone by the known and predictable methods of cutting blocks of rock into plates for two types of rocks.

Claims (3)

Invention Formula one . The method of natural stone blocks of natural stone, which includes sawing the block into slabs using a multi-sawing machine and edging them into plates of the correct shape, so that, in order to increase the output, it counts thickness, the plates are vertically installed in the formwork on the thin one from the other, in the gap between the rocks they are filled with a dry, loose, arisen-dry mixture, saturated with water and replaced with water. dismantle the formwork and cut each slab into thinner ones, and then thaw the sand-clay mixture and defrost it. 0 2. The method according to i 5 with 1 l of h a to-y and with the fact that a waterproof film is fixed on the inner surface of the caps before installing the plates. 3. The method according to claim 1 t F i l F h a n - y and the fact that a hydrophobic composition or adhesive film is applied to the sandy-sandy mixture after its freezing.