SU1488A1 - Fixed boiler furnace for fuel that gives significant ash - Google Patents

Description

The proposed boiler furnace is designed to increase the utilization of fuel, which gives significant ash, trapping and afterburning of this ash. For this purpose, according to the invention, a furnace is provided with a special fuel-burning device, in which the combustion process is divided into a number of stages: the ignition of raw fuel, the combustion of its more or less significant part and the afterburning of the waste of the furnace, large and merged (slags) and small and fragmented (entrainment) on (in series along the gas flow) one or more additional grates or special combustion chambers.

FIG. 1-18 presents a firebox with a special furnace-gas-flow device as applied to boilers of various types.

Observation and experience show that the burning of fuel from slags, combined on the same grate with the main process of the furnace - burning fuel in the loaded fuel - is more imperfect, the more the ash content of the latter and the higher the fire forcing; therefore, attempts to burn highly ballasted grades of fuel on conventional grate grids sometimes lead, especially with a large direct recoil of the layer and in the process of oxidation of the carbon of the fuel, to completely unusual values of losses in the cesspool, sometimes up to 20% or more of the heat content of the main fuel. To eliminate this feature of burning clogged and slagging varieties, in the present invention, a sharp distinction has been made between burning fuel from slags and burning main fuel by arranging wide developed additional grids 2 and c (Figs. 1-15) to completely burn out fuel from a mixture of slags and unburned fuel pushed through the leveling door 4 with the corresponding stoker tool for an additional report from the main 1 (Fig. 1-15). Accordingly, in FIG. 1-15, behind the first grate 1, onto which raw fuel is loaded, is located along the flame and gas one 3 (Fig. I-7, 12-15) or several 2, .1 and 3 (Fig.

S -11) additional grates with adjustable (regardless of the main) air flow into the bed; in fig. 1 to 5 show steam blowing, ka FIG. 8-15 - fan - from the common channel, or individual.

With this fuel, as indicated above, significant losses are caused by the loss of unburned fuel particles into the gas ducts. With such a small-scale enthusiasm, automatic sorting of entrainment is inevitably accomplished: its largest particles are deposited on the upward-looking portions of the heating surface of the first chimney, medium-sized entrapment is deposited further along the gases in places of sudden decrease in the gas flow velocity, or sharp turns; smaller particles are deposited at the bottom of the main hog, and the smallest particles are carried out through the exhaust device into the atmosphere.

Heat losses from ablation make up, for example, conventional firebox designs, sometimes up to 40% or more of the heat content of the main fuel (for example, for anthracite shtai, when forced over 200 kg / sq. M.). In general, for a given fuel grade, the percentage of ablation is approximately proportional to the speed of air passing through the bed, i.e. it rises together with the street forcing of the grate, or its partial slagging; it also increases with the frequency and duration of shurovani, uplifting, with small non-caking varieties, the clouds of ablation. For different grades of low grade, non-flowing fuel, the percentage of ablation varies with the dosage of carryable fines in a given fuel (dustiness). In addition, the amount of entrainment decreases with increasing the temperature of the furnace and the length of the gas path from the layer to the heating surface, since, in contact with the latter, a particle of entrainment ceases to be active, i.e., it releases heat only gradually cooled body.

For a feasible reduction in heat loss on ash, in the present invention, additional grates 2, 3 and 5 (Figs. 1-15) are located along the gases, moreover, in such places of the flue space and gas ducts, where it is possible to expect a part like automatic fallout, entrained with the main grate 1 (fig. 1 -15) trifles, or due to a sudden decrease in the velocity of the gas stream, or due to its sharp turn, as is done in FIG. 1–11, or, finally, in the “dead corners of the gas flow, i.e., in the common combustion space (Fig. 12-13, 14-15), or in the“ ash bags of gas ducts (Fig. 8-9) . Prn received in FIG. 1 to 11, the arrangement of additional gratings 2, 3 and, due to the horizontal exit of hot gases from the combustion space above the main grating 1, intentionally created in the constructional examples of this invention given in FIG. 1-5, 8-I, the largest particles of unburned ablation, entrained due to the increased exit velocity, partially roll and fly over short trajectories on, adjacent to the main one, additional lattices 2, 3 n 3 (Fig. 1--5 , 8-15), fall on the red-hot almost to-white layer of burning slags. The noted circumstance creates, on the one hand, conditions that favor the complete and rapid combustion of the largest particles of ash that fell on the slag layer, loading them, as it were, automatically due to movements of the flue gases, from the main to the additional grid and regulating, thus, the operation of both grids when forcing a fire, and on the other hand, creates favorable conditions for a constantly brisk exothermic process in the upper layer, which completely burns out the known slag.

Smaller entrainment particles, due to whether a sharp decrease in the flow rate after leaving the main combustion space, or turning the gas jet, receive, due to their large inertia, relative relative speed compared to pure gas streams, which increases their stay in the combustion space above the additional a grate, usually more highly tempered, than the main combustion space, and consequently, the chances of their more perfect combustion increase. By the possible development of reflective calculations in the additional combustion space 8 (Fig. 4-5, 8-11, 14-15) there is a means to further increase the temperature in the area of the additional grate S, 3 and 51 (Fig. 4-5, 8 -11, 14-15). The presence of steam or air nozzles 9 (fig. 10-11) in the arches of the arches overlapping the main combustion chamber, which are normal to the natural flow of hot gases, provides further means for creating sharp perturbations within the gas flow, disturbing the normal pattern of entrainment entrainment particles into gas ducts with the formation of random vortices, impact of the reflections of the jets, which delay the stay of particles naturally lagging behind the gas stream (especially in the developed furnace space) of the entrainment particles, and, therefore, contribute to to their more perfect burning and burning. Nevertheless, small particles of entrainment are partially entrained by the draft in the passage of gas ducts and boars, where they are gradually deposited in suitable places for physical conditions; the very smallest dust-like particles of the fuel are carried, as indicated above, to the atmosphere, representing that part of the total ablation that is no longer recyclable. As for the particles of unburned fuel collected by gas flues and hogs, they, in order to further utilize it, can and must be recycled up to turning their ablation into a deliberately entrained phase.

To accomplish this, the present invention provides for the supply of additional grills 9, 3 and 3 with debris from the flue gas to be burnt using the four following, shown in FIG. 4 -18, receptions:

I. Direct supply of additional grill with hot garbage from gas ducts through door 7 (FIG.

i 4-5, 12 -13), and the accumulated I at the bottom of the pocket 10 of the flue is carried away with its weight to the additional grate 2, due to the appropriate slope of the bottom of the pocket 10.

II. Blowing into the furnace space of an additional or main grating of a mixture of combustible entrainment with hot combustion products using a vapor-siphon or air-siphon device 11 in FIG. 4-7, 12-13, or from the bottom of the pocket 10 of the respective gas duct (Fig. 4-5, 12-13), or from the combustion space of the additional grate 2, which is simultaneously a garbage bag, as is done in FIG. 6-7.

III. By introducing a furnace space of an additional or main grate through a special nozzle 12 (fig, 14) of dust clouds from any device 13 (Fig. 14-18) ground in a mill, of hot ash that is shifted by its weight from the inclined bottom of the pocket of the corresponding gas duct 10 (fig. 14-15; fig. 16-18 from the bottom of the smoke box by the screw) and fed to the site of grinding to dust by some kind of conveyor, corresponding to the design, for example, in fig. 14-18 - by the screw 14, and the hot exhaust gases drawn by the steam or air-siphon apparatus, or a wing or screw fan, from the selected area of the furnace space or gas ducts can partially serve to inject the hot dust.

Iv. The device of the bottom of the garbage pocket 10 (Fig. 1-3, 8-11), selected for this purpose of the flue, in the form of the first additional grid 2 (Fig. 1-3), or further additional lattices 3 (Fig. 8-9), 5 and 5 (Figures 10-11), automatically supplied with naturally entraining deposited on it or on them. In cases of necessity, the above-mentioned ash grilles may also be supplied with hot slags either from the main grille (Fig. 1-3), or from the first additional grill (Fig. 10-11), either directly (Fig. 1-3, 10: -and ) across the entire width of the firebox, and through a special door 6 (fig. 8 - 9), which is then

a stoker tool inserted into the door S (Fig. 8-9) of the first additional grille 3 (Fig. 8-9). In the absence of the one shown in FIG. 8–9 of direct communication between the main and the entrainment grids, the device wins, of course, in simplicity, but loses B in principle completeness. In the design examples shown in FIG. 1 -15, all the minor accessories of the fireboxes and gas ducts (parts blowing, doors, latches, registers) are either shown approximately, in general terms, or, as a result of inaccuracy, are not shown at all.

FIG. Figures 1 to 3 illustrate this invention as applied to the existing highly prevalent type of horizontal water-tube boilers of an old building with an extremely low furnace space. The primary fuel is loaded through the door 4. And the burnt out scrap is removed through the door 5, the floor in front of which is lowered for ease of maintenance. By placing the additional grating S, in the place of the largest natural ablation, no other debris disposal devices described above are required. FIG. 4-5 and 10-11 show a similar construction for boilers of the same type with an increased furnace space where the necessary reflective calculations S are conveniently placed. The numbering of the doors and gratings is identical (Fig. 1-3) as for Fig. 4-5 and 10-11. so for the rest of the figures. FIG. 4-5, the same as in FIG. 1-3, the arrangement of the gas ducts, giving an increased heat transfer to the hyuver.hexity of heating, due to the reduction of dead angles, whereas in FIG. 10–11, this thought was carried out even more dramatically and sharper: all gases were fired in one gas duct, covered from above with an emitting display S. Thanks to the different arrangements of the basement under the boilers, the maintenance of additional grids is carried out in FIG. 4-5 from the front side, and in FIG. 10 -11 from the opposite side. For the complete combustion of the ash in FIG. 4-5, the recirculation of hot combustion as described above has been applied.

entrainment by blowing it into the air; 1n view into the combustion space from the bottom of the ash sinuses 10, using a siphon blower 11, working with steam (raw or overheated) or with air, a. likewise, it is possible to directly load the hot ash onto an additional grill through the door G. In the construction, in FIG. 10 -11, instead of this, the surface of additional grids, .V and -U, is developed to an extreme size, which makes it possible to further fractionate the steps of burning combustion waste from the main fuel, by easily achievable different dosages of air, according to the needs in it, due to the division of additional grids by p d independently supplied with air ashtray compartments under the additional gratings U, -7 and 7v, Thanks to the extraordinary development of the flue spaces in fsh-. 10-II can be expected in the case of a sufficient, in the sense of duration, stay of ash in the common combustion chamber, which, in combination with low speeds of carried particles, allows one to expect quite perfect survival, weighted in the flue gas flows, of ash , for the return combustion of ash, the use of blower nozzles .9 placed in the sinuses of the supra / flue compartments 5 and 8 and preventing debris from forming in these places is sufficient.

FIG. 8-9 and 12-15 illustrate

described invention in application

I to the vertical - water pipe |;

I In the depicted examples, in which all the main flights were named.

i with the same old numbering,

I shows various options for the device, mainly depending

I from waste recycling methods.

I So, on. 8--9 for this purpose applied

I burning the fire of what fly ash automatically

; deposited on the bottom

sump bag flue 10 second

extra lattice oh and

the door 6 serves to move the hot 1nlak from the first additional grill -J to the second. Waste disposal is done in fig. 8-9 through the middle part of the second additional grill 5 (made for an overturning target) through the ash pan valve to the ash basement trolley. FIG. 12-13, thanks to the minds of the well-developed fuel space, it can be expected from the analogous, described in the description of the fng. 10-I considerations, good burning of ash before flue gases enter the ducts and only small particles are attracted to them. In accordance with this, the m} weedy sinus of the gas duct 10 (Fig. 12-13) is especially voluminous in this case, in order to lower the flow rate as much as possible for light i conditions of deposition of entrained particles, despite their small size. By virtue of what has been said, it is rational to apply here, for the return disposal of ablation, to blow it from the bottom of the pocket 10 into the furnace using the siphon apparatus 11 described at the same time. Provided simultaneously, the door 7 makes it possible to directly; the loading of the mountains of the ash of the ash in place on the heated mirror is additional; lattice 2, which may be recommended in those cases, or be performed at those moments when the specific load j of the additional lattice is for some reason or other small, or because something falls to me. FIG. 6 - 7 shows; This invention applies to locomotive type boilers. Here, i in an abnormally long (up to 4-5 meters.) Firebox, a refractory transverse partition with a reflective wall is arranged; wild b, dividing the grate laid down along the entire furnace (and ashpit) into two independent parts: i main 1 and additional 2, the soil of which is also a garbage bin. : Slags collide with a main re-: a grid on an additional one, through an opening; t. in the fireproof partition, where it is burned together with the particles of entrainment deposited on: them. Some of the smaller, and therefore more mobile, particles of entrainment are trapped behind; siphon siphon apparatus 11 n is injected into the combustion space of the main lattice / under the reflecting dome

8, where it burns. The removal of slags from the sub-grid is carried out by any of the well-known structural solutions, for example, a tilting grate valve, not shown in FIG. 6-7, as irrelevant for the technical content of the present invention. Detail: In the FIGS. 1-13 designs, due to the recycling of ash, are used, approximately, from 30 to 600/0 of its quantity, trapped within the boiler ducts. More perfect utilization of ash, close to 100%, can be achieved only by using more advanced, and therefore less simple ;; than the above, the reception - namely, the combustion of the collected fly ash in the form of dust. Such a device is shown in FIG. 14-18 with examples of vertical water-tube and locomotive-type boilers. Here, the entrainment from the gas flow, due to the abnormal development of settling chambers of gas ducts 10 (Figs. 14-15 and 16-18), as compared with the existing structures, which are not well adapted to the special properties of non-classified fuels, especially thin, are collected at the bottom of the settling tanks. pockets (figs. 14-15) or smoke boxes (figs. 16-18) and served in naturally hot, up to 250 - 350 ° C., using any kind of conveyor - in fig. 14--18 with a screw 14 to a fan (coal mill) 13 corresponding to a Hiero device, with a steam turbine, electric or other drive. The resulting minimum energy cost, due to the absolute dryness and natural grinding of the particles of the ash, is ground as a slow dust flow through the pipes 17 through the nozzles 12 into the combustion space of the main (Fig. 16-18) or additional grate (Fig. 14-15), for reflective calculations 8. Due to the reduced energy consumption and the usual drying systems that have been known up to now, drying of the whole installation is obtained. In addition to this, by itself I get the introduction of dust into the mountains than

the form eliminates dullness and instability of the course. the incineration process characteristic of lean and anthracite dust. HaKoaeUv inevitable passion together e: .os in; the mill and the nozzle of a part of the hot gases of the chimney that are sufficiently poor: with oxygen to guarantee against accidental explosions, increases the chances of stability of the dust burning process. In c: it is possible to take extras additionally: waste gases and ee: higher or lower than the designated areas of the gas flow of the boiler, for example, from high levels: the combustion space, as it is done, for example, in FIG. 14 - 15, injected into the pipe 76. in several places, an extinguishing grid, which can be carried away, tleyugdih particles of fine u-nose.

ETC. E D. M ET P L T K & T L.

:one. A stationary boiler furnace for fuel that gives significant ash, -.X41 section, using, in addition to the main grate (Fig. 1-18), subsequent; along the flue gases and having independent blowers: .and (Fig. 1 , 7, 12-15) or 2 and .V (fig. 8-11), located in the places of gas flow turning, on each of

What kind of gratings by the c6paci stoker are periodically removed from the preceding grate to slag and fired fuel, with the purpose of afterburning them, and also the particles of entrainment deposited above the gratings of the gas flow.

2. When using the furnace described in paragraph I, the use of pockets 10 (Fig. 4, 5, 12, 13) in the places where the gas flow is turning, in order to accumulate the ash here and then move it to the grid by 2 or by gravity on an inclined plane through periodically opening door 7 (FNG. 12, 13), or using steam or air through the nozzle 11 (Fig. 4. 5, 12, 13).

.3. At. described in paragraph .1 of the firebox application in its front wall. above grille 1 (fig. 10, 11, .14, 15j, steam or air blowing through nozzle 9, in order to create a vortex-like movement of flue i-azo above grilles 2 and 3..

4. P)) and characterized in pg. 1 3 furnaces - application. of one of the known devices for the restraint of the air razors in the pockets / C (Fig. 14-18) of the entrainment or entrainment of an extraneous firebox, for the purpose of transferring the rio.Moibio of the fan 13 through the pipe 17 and the nozzle 12,.

afterburning to the V, -alumina, or -g grate one or mixed with the product. Mn of combustion, sucked through a pipe / o from a particular place in the chimneys.

FIG. I

I-- lfig. 3

FIG 4 FIG 8

fig

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