SU1395773A1 - Percussive device for driving holes in soil - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to construction equipment and can be used to form wells, preferably deaf, when laying trenchless communications in soils.

The aim of the invention is to improve the reliability of operation when reversing the device.

FIG. Figure 1 shows a device with a regulator for displacing the air distribution tube, made in the form of a glass, when operating in the forward travel mode and the extreme forward position of the impactor, section; in fig. 2 - the same, when working in the reverse mode; in fig. 3 - the same, the regulator is made in the form of a stepped rod with a diameter of a smaller step, equal to the outer diameter of the air distribution tube, when the device operates in the mode "forward stroke while the striker moves forward; in fig. 4 - the same, with a displacement regulator made in the form of a stepped rod, the diameter of which is less than the step is equal to the internal diameter of the air distribution tube at the moment when the striker moves backwards; in fig. 5 - the same, with the regulator of the movement of the air distribution tube, made in the form of a stepped rod with a spring-loaded core, when the device operates in the reverse mode at the moment of moving the shock: nick back; in fig. 6 - a device with a transducer; displacement of the air-distributing tube, made in the form of a sub- Spring-Bushing, and a composite air distribution sleeve, parts of which are interconnected by a thread; in fig. 7 - | device with a regulator of movement of the air distribution tube, made in the form of an electromagnet with a moving core, general view.

; The percussion device for probing wells in the ground comprises a housing 1, a hammer 2 having a through hole 3 with a bore 4 and a ledge 5, an air distribution tube 6 having openings 7 and a protrusion 8. A spring 9 is placed on the air distribution tube 6 the length of which is less than the length of the bore 4. Compressed air is supplied through the air supply hose 10 connected to the air distribution sleeve 11, having inlet ducts 12, exhaust ducts 13 and a hole 14 communicating with the exhaust ducts through the undercut 15. The device has a regulator of movement of the air distribution tube 16, which can be placed either in the hole 14 of the air distribution sleeve (Fig. 1-6), or outside the air distribution sleeve (Fig. 7), and the regulator of movement of the air distribution pipe can be performed either in the form of a glass (Fig. 1), or in the form of a stepped rod 17, the diameter of which is less than the step is equal to or the outer diameter of the distribution pipe (Fig. 3), or the internal diameter of the air distribution tube (Fig. 4). The stepped brush can be provided with a spring-loaded core 18 (FIG. 5), in contact with the air distribution tube on a part of its working stroke. It is also possible to execute the displacement regulator of the air distribution tube in the form of a spring-loaded washer 19 (Fig. 6) or in the form of an electromagnet 20 having a spring-loaded core 21. The air distribution sleeve can be made

either integral (Fig. 7) or a composite of two coaxial parts, the rear 22 of which are axially displaceable and rigidly connected to the air inlet hose 10 (Fig. 1-6). Parts of the air distribution sleeve may be mated to each other along a smooth cylindrical surface (Fig. 1-5) or connected to each other by a thread 23 (Fig. 6). The rear portion 22 of the air distribution sleeve may be supported on the housing through

spring 24 (Fig. 1-5) or on the case of collar 25 (Fig. 6). When the air distribution sleeve of FIG. 6, the inlet and exhaust ports are made in the form of coaxial cavities and have the largest flow areas with a given outer diameter of the device.

The impact of the nickname and the air distribution sleeve forms the working stroke chamber 26 and the rear chamber 27, which is permanently connected by channels 28 to the atmosphere. The drummer and the hull form the front chamber 29.

When the device of FIG. 1-5, on the surface of the rear part of the air distribution sleeve, it is advisable to make flats 30 connecting the cavity 31 to the atmosphere when the device is operating in the reverse mode (Fig. 2). This eliminates the possibility of a backpressure in the cavity 31, which tends to displace the rear part of the air distribution sleeve forwards.

When the device of FIG. 1-5 in the hole of the air distribution sleeve, it is advisable to drain the channels 32 to remove compressed air penetrating through the gaps between parts of the air distribution sleeve, in order to avoid counter pressure on the front end 33 of the air distribution tube movement regulator when the device is in reverse mode.

When the device of FIG. 1-5 in order to increase the reliability of its operation in the “forward running” mode, the air distribution sleeve should be designed so that when the front position of the rear part of the air distribution sleeve is

compressed air through the inlet channels 12 entered under the end 34 of the rear part of the air distribution sleeve, on which the spring 24 is supported. With this design, the rear part of the air distribution sleeve is pressed along its sealing end surface 35 to the front part 36 not only by spring force 24, but also by pressure compressed air to the end 34, which guarantees the device against accidental displacement of the rear part of the air distribution sleeve back under the action of resistance to movement of the air supply hose, i.e. from spontaneous reversal of the device due to opening of the contact between the sealing face surface 35 of the rear part of the air distribution sleeve and its front part 36 under the action of inertial loads, the sealing face surface of the rear part of the air distribution sleeve is advisable to be elastic, and the amount of its pre-pressure should be greater than the amount of movement of the device as a result single impact drummer.

A percussion device for punching wells in the ground works as follows.

Compressed air through the inlet channels 12 is supplied to the chamber of working stroke 26. The drummer 2 begins to move forward, while the front chamber 29 through the axial orifice 3, the air distribution tube 6 (which is kept in place by the force of the spring 9), the window 7, the recess 15 and the exhaust ports 13 are continuously communicated with the atmosphere. At the end of the forward stroke, the striker 2, with a ledge 5, moves the air distribution tube 6 forward and strikes the body, inserting it into the ground. At the forward position of the air distribution tube (Fig. 1), compressed air from the working stroke chamber 26 through the windows 7 and the through axial bore 3 enters the front chamber 29, which is entered through the gap between the hammer and the former body due to rebound of the hammer from the body after the impact. With this, drummer 2 begins to move backwards. In the LI stroke section, the impactor moves with equal acceleration, and the air distribution tube 6 continues to move forward by inertia. Then the hammer 2 with the shoulder of the bore 4 through the spring 9 supported on the protrusion 8 transfers the air distribution tube 6 to the rear position, with the windows 7 connecting with the groove 15 and exhaust from the front chamber 29. The stage of equally slow movement of the striker 2 begins at the expense of the kinetic energy acquired by him in the LI section of the stroke, which ends with a complete stop of the striker in the rearmost position.

In order to reverse the device, it is necessary to bring the regulator of movement of the air distribution tube into a working state, which is achieved when performing

The devices of FIG. 1-5 by displacing, by tensioning the hose 10, the rear part of the air distribution sleeve to the rear, with compressed air being supplied under the rear end 37 of the movement control valve of the air distribution pipe; when the device of FIG. 6 by displacing, by rotating the hose 10, the rear part of the air distribution sleeve forwards, while the spring-loaded washer 19 approaches the front part of the air distribution

bushings; when the device of FIG. 7 - turning off the electromagnet 20, while the spring-loaded core 21 begins to interact with the air distribution tube 6.

In the process of reverse stroke 2

The air distribution tube 6 is not moved to the rearmost position at the moment it touches the ledge 4 of the spring 9, as when the device is operating in the "forward running" mode, but only after the compression force in the spring 9 becomes greater than the force acting on the air distribution tube 6 from displacement tube regulator. This pulls the compressed air inlet into the front chamber, thereby increasing the thrust of the striker L2 back up to the amount necessary for striking the rear end of the device, under the action of which it moves along the well in the opposite direction.

During the forward stroke of the striker, the air distribution tube is thrown forward not by a ledge 5, as when the device is operating in the "forward motion" mode, but by the movement regulator of the air distribution tube at the moment when the force

acting on the tube from the regulator of the movement of the air distribution tube, it becomes greater than the compressive force of the spring 9. Due to this, the inlet of compressed air into the front chamber 29

occurs earlier and the impactor stops by the pressure of compressed air in the front chamber, not a blow to the body.

The impact energy during operation of the device in the "reverse" mode increases with an increase in the force acting on the air distribution tube from the side of the movement regulator of the air distribution pipe. The magnitude of this force is determined when the device of FIG. 1, 4 by the product of the pressure of compressed air to the difference in the area of the rear

the end 37 of the control valve for the air distribution tube and the air distribution tube opening; when the device of FIG. 3 pieces

the magnitude of the pressure of compressed air on the difference between the area of the end of the larger stage of the rod 17 and the gross area of the cross section of the air distribution tube; when the device of FIG. 5 - force in the spring controlling the core 18; when the device of FIG. 6 by the stiffness of the spring resting on the plate 19 and the displacement of the rear of the air distribution sleeve forwards; in the design of FIG. 7 - stiffness of the spring controlling the core 21.

When the device of FIG. 5, the dimensions of the displacement adjuster by the air distribution tube can be assigned so that the maximum force in the spring 9 is not enough to displace the displacement regulator of the air distribution tube backwards, and with a fully compressed spring, the core 18 of the air distribution tube window 7 does not fully open into the cavity of the recess 15. In this In case of pressure and exhaust exhaust from chamber 29, the impactor 2 is moved back to the bottom of the chamber 29 by the action of the expansion energy of the compressed air. Areni with the rear end of the device. During the forward stroke of the striker, the air distribution tube is moved forward by the spring-loaded core 18.

When the device of FIG. 1-5, the fixing of the rear part 22 when the device is operated in the reverse mode is carried out by compressed air pressure on the end surface 35.

To switch a device from reverse mode to forward mode, it is necessary when the device of FIG. 1-5 reduce the pressure of the compressed air in the line, while the rear part 22 of the air distribution sleeve is displaced by force of the spring 24 to the extreme forward position, as a result of which the air supply under the rear end 37 of the air distribution regulator is stopped and it is rendered inoperative which ceases to affect the air distribution tube; when the device of FIG. b offset by rotating the hose 10, the rear part of the air distribution sleeve back to the distance at which the air distribution tube in the rearmost position does not come into contact with the washer 19; when the device of FIG. 7 the electromagnet 20 is turned on, while the core 21 is drawn in and ceases to interact with the air distribution tube 6.

Due to the fact that when the device operates in the reverse mode, the displacement regulator of the air distribution tube constantly acts on the air distribution

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the forward tube, moving it forward during the forward stroke of the striker, and resisting its movement backward during the reverse stroke of the drummer, random transfers of the tube under the influence of friction forces in the proposed device are excluded and, consequently, the device is characterized by a stable mode of operation during the reverse, i.e. it is more effective when working in reverse mode than the known ones.

Since, when operating in the forward stroke mode, the movement regulator of the air distribution tube is in the off state (does not transmit any force to the air distribution tube), has axial mobility (due to which blows of the striker are not transmitted to it) and have a simple design, It has high durability, and the device - more reliability than the known.

Due to the fact that to transfer the proposed device to the reverse mode, either a slight axial displacement of the air supply hose is enough (the amount of displacement, as practice has shown, is approximately equal to the internal diameter of the air supply hose), or when the air distribution tube displacement regulator is in the form of an electric supply electromagnet signal without a mechanical impact on the device by the operator, the proposed device has a more laborious p versioning than the known.

The absence of a thread in the reverse mechanism, on which the ground can get, and a short stroke of the rear part of the air distribution sleeve makes the proposed device more reliable when reversing (especially from vertical wells) than the known ones. Due to the fact that the air distribution sleeve is rigidly connected to the housing, the intake and exhaust channels in the proposed device can be made in the form of grooves of shallow depth on the outer surface of the air distribution sleeve, and the reverse mechanism can be located either outside the air distribution sleeve or in its opening; The minimum outer diameter of the proposed device is not limited.

Due to the fact that the length of the rear part of the air distribution tube placed in the hole of the air distribution sleeve in the proposed device is determined only by the stroke of the air distribution pipe comparable to the length (diameter) of its windows, the length of the pipe in the proposed device is less than the length of the air distribution pipe in the known device (where it is also determined by the magnitude of the axial displacement of the air distribution sleeve during reversal), and therefore, the proposed device has a large reliability (due to the smaller size of the friction surface of the air distribution tube) than the known ones.

Thus, due to the fact that when operating in the reverse mode, the position of the air distribution tube at each moment of time is set by its mixing controller, the possibility of unstable operation of the device according to the proposed technical

the solution is excluded, therefore, the proposed device is more efficient when operating in the reverse mode than the known ones.

In addition, due to the simple form of the shuffler regulator, the air distribution tube, and the exclusion of the transmission of shock pulses of a striker to it, the proposed device is more reliable than the known ones.

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Claims (8)

1. SHOCK DEVICE ACTIONS FOR PUNCHING WELLS IN THE SOIL, comprising a body with a hammer placed therein, having an axial hole and a bore made in the hole wall, an air distribution tube with windows and a protrusion mounted in the hammer hole and an air distribution sleeve with axial movement, a spring placed on the air distribution tube between the ledge of the bore of the axial hole in the hammer and the protrusion on the air distribution tube, and a reversal mechanism, characterized in that, with Strongly improve reliability during reversal device is provided with a displacement air distribution regulator tube. 2. The device according to π. 1., characterized in that the movement control of the air distribution tube is made in the form of a stack on, which is placed with the possibility of axial movement in the hole of the air distribution sleeve. 3. The device according to π. 1, characterized in that the regulator of movement of the air distribution tube is made in the form of a stepped rod, the diameter of the smaller stage of which is equal to the outer diameter of the air distribution tube, which is installed with the possibility of axial movement in the hole of the air distribution sleeve. 4. The device according to π. 1, characterized in that the regulator of movement of the air distribution tube is made in the form of a stepped rod, the diameter of the smaller step of which is equal to the inner diameter of the air distribution tube, mounted with the possibility of axial movement in the hole of the air distribution sleeve. 5. The device according to paragraphs. 1 and 4, characterized in that the stepped rod is equipped with a spring-loaded core. 6. The device according to π. 1, characterized in that the movement control of the air distribution tube is made in the form of a spring. 7. The device according to π. 1, characterized in that the movement control of the air distribution tube is made in the form of an electromagnet with a movable core. 8. The device according to π. 1, characterized in that in the wall of the hole of the air distribution sleeve made drainage channels.