SU1490231A1 - Pneumatic reversible percussive device for driving holes in soil - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to the mining and construction industries of industrial and m. B. used for drilling wells in the ground. The purpose of the invention is to increase work efficiency by increasing the impact energy in the forward stroke mode. In case 1 there is a drummer 2 with a window 3 and a cavity 4, an air distribution unit with a stepped nozzle 5, a stepped stem and a movable sleeve (B). The latter forms together with the nozzle 5 annular cavity (KP). Made in a composite of a sleeve and a ring, connected by a threaded joint to regulate the impact energy. In the stem, longitudinal channels are made for supplying compressed air to cavity 4 and communicating the CS with the atmosphere. The stem is held in the forward position by the spring 14. When compressed air is supplied through the stem into the chamber 8 of the forward stroke, the impactor 2 moves forward and strikes the body 1. During the return stroke of the impactor 2, window 3 is aligned with the gearbox. In the latter, the pressure rises. In doing so, B is shifted to the right until it stops. After the exit of window 3 into the exhaust chamber 9, the pressure in the latter increases, and B moves to the left. At the same time, the exhaust time from the backstop chamber is lengthened and it is possible to drill vertical wells by keeping B in the rightmost position with air pressure in the gearbox. 5 hp f-ly, 3 ill.

Description

1

3-lAS

The invention relates to the mining and construction industries and can be used to drill wells D to the ground.

The purpose of the invention is to increase work efficiency by increasing the impact energy in the forward stroke mode,

In Fig.1 schematically shows the proposed device, the cut; on

figure 2 - air distribution

knot, cut; Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of the air-distribution unit, a section.

The device consists of a housing 1, inside of which there is a drummer 2 with a window 3 II cavity 4, in which is placed a stepped nozzle 5 attached by means of a shock absorber 6 to the housing 1. The drummer 2, in conjunction with housing 1, forms the return chamber 7, together with the nozzle 5, the forward run chamber 8, and together with the case 1, the nozzle 5 and the shock absorber 6, the exhaust chamber 9, which through the shock absorber windows 10 is connected to the atmosphere. A valve 11 is installed on the nozzle 5, which prevents the ingress of soil into the internal cavity of the device and simultaneously seal it; exhaust chamber 9, so that at the time of its communication with chamber 7 of the reverse stroke there is an increase in pressure of compressed air and is found; in this chamber. Inside the b pipe there is a spring-loaded step - tebel 12 with space 13. Stem 12 h nozzle 5 ot3i533yioT air distribution unit. 1Prod; tiye cap. :: 13 communicates between each other cylindrical JipBcpxHoci of larger and smaller diameter | 1011 with a geol 12. Between the stepped nozzles; 5 and a stem 12 is installed; a spring 15 is made on the lower stage of the stem 12; the hole 15 is displaced after dripping 13 by 90. In the front days of the mouth more than the step of the branch pipe 5, an annular projection 16 is made, which together with the movable speed hub 17 forms airway connected eroi cavity. A smaller step 18 of the sleeve 17 is placed in the bore of the nozzle 5, on which an emphasis 19 is made to restrict the shifting of the sleeve 17. At the larger step of the nozzle 5 there is a window 20, and the exit to the cavity 21 formed by the Vinni with the end face of the SLED step 17 and

the rear end of the annular protrusion 16 and the cylindrical surface of the nozzle 5. A hose 22 for supplying compressed air is attached to the stepped stalk 12 in its tail. An elastic ring 23 is fixed in the front part of the nozzle 5. It is possible to install a spring 24 between the nozzle 12 and a stepped movable sleeve 17. The sleeve 17 can be made of two parts: a sleeve 25 and a rigid ring 26 interconnected by a thread 27. The stem 12 forms with pipe 5 two annular cavities 28 and 29, Pipe 5 is made with an additional radial channel 30. / Additional radial channel

31 in the body of the stepped stem 12 may be formed by an annular groove 32, a wall of the nozzle 5 and a window 33 connecting the annular groove

32 and channel 13 stem 12. The device works as follows

in a way.

Drive mode.

The stalk 12 is in the front position and is held there by the spring 14. The window 20 is blocked by a step of larger diameter stem 12. When compressed air is supplied through the hose 22 and the stem 12 into the forward travel chamber 8, the striker 2 moves forward and in its extreme front position strikes The housing 1. The window 3 of the striker 2 extends beyond the front end of the step of a larger diameter of the nozzle 5 and the compressed air from the chamber 8 is forward through the window 3 of the drummer 2 enters the chamber 7 of the return stroke. In both chambers, the same pressure of compressed air is established, but because of the different areas of impact 2, which go out into chamber 7 and 8, a force arises that shifts the hammer 2 in the direction of the tail part of housing 1. After the window 3 of hammer 2 is closed, the walls of the stage are larger the diameter of the nozzle 5 compressed air into the chamber 7 does not flow. The impactor 2 continues its movement towards the tail end of the body due to expansion of the compressed air in chamber 7. When the window 3 of the striker 2 is aligned with the annular cavity 18, the pressure rises in the latter air, under the action of which the step sleeve 17 will move to the extreme right position, limited by the stop 19 of the nozzle

514

5. After the window 3 of the impactor 2 comes out to the rear end edge of the sleeve 17, the compressed air will be exhausted from the chamber 7 to the chamber 9 and through the channel 10 of the shock absorber 6 to the atmosphere. During exhaust, valve 11 will be pressed out by letting in a stream of compressed air. In chamber 7, the pressure of compressed air will fall and will practically become equal to atmospheric. Under the action of compressed air, which is located in chamber 8, drummer 2 will move forward. When exhausting compressed air from chamber 7 into chamber 9 in the latter, the pressure will increase, which will affect the entire end surface of sleeve 17. Cavity 18 is permanently connected to the atmosphere through the window 20 of the nozzle and channel 13 of the stems 12. Due to the fact that the channel 13 is smaller than the flow area of the window 3 of the striker 2, then at the time the window 3 communicates with the cavity 18, the pressure of the compressed air rises due to which the axial displacement of the sleeve 17 occurs. When the striker 2 moves towards the tail part of the body 1, the window 3 overlaps the sleeve 17 and in cavity 18 compressed air is not supplied. However, through channel 13, it continuously flows out of cavity 18, and eventually the air pressure in cavity 18 becomes close to atmospheric. Therefore, when the pressure in chamber 9 rises during the exhaust of compressed air from chamber 7, the sleeve 17 is displaced forward, occupying the most forward position. When the striker 2 moves forward, under the action of the dry air in chamber 9 on the part of the path, chamber 7 will communicate with chamber 9 through window 3, i.e. there will be no compression of air in chamber 7 on this part of the cycle, and therefore, the air resistance from chamber 7 acting on drummer 2 will decrease. Under the action of air pressure in chamber 8, drummer 2 will gain more kinetic energy than in the case resistance to its movement would increase. After the window 3 of the striker 2 goes beyond the edge of the sleeve 17, air will be compressed in chamber 7, which will resist the moving drummer 2. In the forward position, the drummer 2 will strike the housing 1 and at the same time open 16

window 3 of the impactor 2 (it is out of the front end of the pipe 5) and compressed air from chamber 8 through the window 3 of the impactor enters chamber 7. The cycle repeats as described. Compressed air leaked through the gaps between the contacting surfaces of the nozzle, impactor, and bushings into the cavity formed by the end walls of the nozzle 5 and sleeves 17, through the radial channels 30 and 31 of the nozzle 5 and the stem 12 and the channel 13 is removed to the atmosphere. To increase the reliability of removal of compressed air that has leaked into the cavity, it is advisable to make the channel 31 of the stem 12 in the form of an annular groove 32 and a window 33. In this case, if the stem turns around accidentally, the annular groove 32 will provide a reliable connection between the channels 13 of the stem 12 and 30 of the nozzle 5 .

A moving hammer 2 in one direction or another contributes to the movement of the sleeve 17, i.e. the directions of their movement coincide and the forces of friction between the contacting surfaces that arise between them contribute to the implementation of the desired cycle.

It is possible to use an additional spring 24, which, after reducing the pressure of compressed air in the cavity 21, facilitates the movement of the sleeve 17 to its original position. The implementation of the sleeve 17 of the component RTS allows you to adjust the impact energy by changing the length of the sleeve 17. In addition, it simplifies the debugging of the structure. By increasing the length of the sleeve 17, the duration of communication of the chamber 7 with the atmosphere will decrease, which will reduce the impact energy. Reverse action, i.e. a decrease in the length of the sleeve 17 will lead to an increase in the impact energy due to an increase in the duration of communication between the chamber 7 and the atmosphere.

Reverse mode.

It is necessary to pull the hose 22 to transfer the device from the forward running operation to the reverse. In this case, the stepped stem 12 is axially swept away, removing the right of 1D and occupying the rearmost position, where it is held by the pressure of compressed air through the resulting gap between the cylindrical protrusion 16 and an elastic ring 23 into the cavity 28. The cavity 29 is cut off from

line, as the exit hole 15 is blocked by the inner surface of the pipe 5. When compressed air is supplied, it enters the chamber 8 and through the window 3 D chamber 7, returning the drummer to the rear position. The passage of the window 3 over the cavity 18, the compressed air is additionally supplied to the chamber 7 through the window 20 of the nozzle 5 and the cavity 18, which are permanently connected to the highway (in the reverse mode). An additional supply of compressed air to chamber 7 occurs, which, in the course of movement of the striker 2, increased its volume. A large amount of incoming air throws the drummer 2 a longer distance. This distance corresponds to the placement of the rear anvil, on which the hammer 2 strikes a nut that is screwed into the housing or annular projections in the tail section of the housing. After the window 3 of the impactor 2 leaves the rear edge of the sleeve 17, the compressed air exhausts from chamber 7. However, due to the fact that the impactor 2 received greater kinetic energy due to the larger volume of chamber 7 and a longer inertia communication with the highway, the impactor 2 will pass a path than in the forward stroke mode and will hit the tail section of the housing 1, resulting in a change in the direction of the shock pulse. After that, the firing pin 2 moves forward to. when window 3 communicates with cavity 18 and compressed air enters chamber 7, where it will brake drummer 2. 3 due to the fact that the air inlet is compressed.) air into chamber 7 occurred earlier than in mode r; The drummer is braked by compressed air of chamber 7, having made contact with the front inside end of housing 1. Under the action of this air, it will then be shifted from the opposite direction to the most impact on the tail section of housing 1. The cycle will be repeated. Usually, in the backward mode, the window 3 of the striker 2 does not extend beyond the front end edge of the step of a larger diameter of the nozzle 5. In the forward running mode, the extreme edges of the nozzle 5 and bushings 17 are controlled by air flow, and in the reverse mode, the edges of the bush 17 (front and rear ). In the second case, the length between the air distribution edges is less, and

compressed air is introduced into chamber 7 earlier and, due to the large volume of chamber 7, the average pressure of compressed air will be higher. All these factors will lead to the fact that there will be no impact on the front of the case, but according to the impact on the tail part of the case, which corresponds to a change in the operating mode of the device.

To convert from reverse to direct, you must turn off the compressed air supply to the device. Under the action of the spring 1D, the stem 12 will occupy the forward position shown in FIGS. 1-3. The elastic ring 23, in contact with the protrusion of the stem 12, will exclude the entry of compressed air into the B cavity 28. The window 20 of the nozzle 5 will be blocked by a step of a larger diameter of the stem 12. Leaked through the gaps compressed air from the cavity 21 through the window of the nozzle 5 and the channel 13 of the stem 12 will be removed into the atmosphere. When compressed air is supplied, the impactor 2 will begin to move reciprocally, delivering blows to the front of the hull, which characterizes the mode of operation of the forward stroke.

Thus, the application of the proposed device will increase the rate of penetration of a well by increasing the impact energy without increasing the flow rate of compressed air. With this, it is possible, without changing the impact energy, to reduce the consumption of compressed air.

Claims (1)

1. Pneumatic reversing percussion device for drilling wells in the ground, including a housing with a hammer placed in it with a cavity and a window in the tail section, an air distribution unit in the form of a pipe with stops with a window and a groove on a stage of larger diameter and a sleeve placed on the outer surface pipe, shock absorber with channels and a hose for supplying compressed air, so that, in order to increase work efficiency by increasing the impact energy in the forward stroke mode, it is equipped with a step stem, placed inside the nozzle, while the latter is made stepped, and the sleeve is placed with the possibility of axial movement on the stage more; 7 .., "19 13 5 12 JJ /// g " at  gmt-g / gt // ///////  X X X 1L H V XXX4 .. (pLLZ.l 26 24 13 hchchchchchchchch hhchchchchchchchhchchchchchchchchch g lu /////// 4 .4 h at 1