SU1263768A1 - Percussive apparatus for driving holes in soil - Google Patents

Abstract

1. DEVICE OF SHOCK ACTION FOR PUNCHING SKVALIN IN THE GROUND, including a case with an anvil, a drummer with windows, an air distribution junction box with windows, obrazukmtsy with a drummer camera forward running, and a sleeve with a protrusion and windows located in the socket with the possibility of installation. movement, characterized by cht 10 in order to increase the productivity of hole punching by increasing the speed of the device’s reverse stroke, the length of the impactor is less than or equal to the distance from the anvil to the nozzle windows, and Standing from the windows of the striker to its rear end is less than the distance from the front cross (the nozzle to its windows, while the forward running camera is made with the possibility of periodical communication through the windows of the nozzle with the atmosphere at one of the extreme positions of the sleeve. 2. Device A device according to claim 1, characterized in that the sleeve has an additional protrusion and openings which are made between the projections. 3. The device according to claim 1, and that the length of the part of the striker is less than the distance from the leading edge of the nozzle to the anvil. 12 13 5 11 67g

Description

The invention relates to the mining and construction equipment, in particular, to devices for the formation of wells in the ground during trenchless laying of communications. A percussion device is known for punching wells in the ground, comprising a housing with an anvil, a hammer and a nozzle with windows located in the housing, and a hose. The drawbacks of the device are the low perforation performance of wells in the ground and operational unreliability. This is due to the fact that when punching deaf wells it takes considerable time to reverse the device by using a hose, and also because the possibility of a broken hose is not excluded. In addition, when the device is removed, the quality of the borehole walls is compromised. The closest to the invention is a percussion device for penetrating skvezhin in the ground including a housing with an anvil, a drummer with windows, air diffusers a stepped nozzle with windows, forming a forward running chamber with a drummer and a sleeve with a protrusion and windows located in the socket with the possibility of installation axial movement. The disadvantage of this device is the low productivity of punching wells in the ground. This is due to the fact that the reverse speed of the device is less than the speed of its forward stroke, since the impact energy of the impactor on the nut is lower than the impact energy on the anvil, since the air buffer created in the forward travel chamber resists the movement of the impactor. The purpose of the invention is to increase the productivity of penetration of wells in the ground by increasing the rate of return of the device. The goal is achieved in a device that includes a housing with an anvil, a drummer with windows, an air-distributing stepped nozzle with windows, forming a forward stroke chamber with a drummer, and a sleeve, with protrusions and windows, placed in the branch pipe with the possibility of axial displacement: the length of the impactor is less than or equal to the distance from the anvil to the nozzle windows, and the distance from the impactor’s windows to its rear end is less than the distance from the leading edge of the nozzle to its windows, while the forward motion chamber is made with Tju the periodic communication by means of windows of a branch pipe with an atmosphere at one of the extreme positions of the sleeve. In addition to this, the sleeve has an additional protrusion and windows that are formed between the projections, and the length of the firing pin is less than the distance from the front end of the nozzle to the anvil. FIG. 1 shows a device, a longitudinal section, a forward stroke; in fig. 2 - the same, reverse; in fig. 3 - the design of the device, the nozzle of which has juice; in fig. 4 shows the design of a device having a nozzle and a sleeve with windows, a forward stroke; in fig. 5 - the same, reverse; Fig. 6 shows a device, the sleeve of which has an additional protrusion and windows, a straight course; 7 is the same reverse. The device (Fig. 1, 2 and 3) consists of a housing 1 with an anvil 2, inside of which is located a drummer 3 with windows 4. In case 1 there is also an air distribution stepped nozzle 5 fixed to the tail part of housing 1 by means of a flange 6 having an exhaust window 7, blocked by a valve 8. Together with housing 1, drummer 3 forms chamber 9 of reverse stroke of drummer 3, together with pipe 5 - chamber 10 of forward stroke of drummer 3, together with housing 1 and pipe 5 - exhaust chamber 11. Front 12 and rear 13 the edges of the nozzle 5 are determined by The moment of intake of compressed air from chamber 10 through window 4 of drummer 3 into chamber 9 and the moment of exhaust of compressed air from chamber 9 through window 4 of drummer 3 into exhaust chamber 11, Compressed air is supplied from a compressor (not shown) through hose 14 and channel 15 of the nozzle 5 into the chamber 10. In the reverse mode of the device between the nozzle 5 and the drummer 3, a gap 16 is formed periodically. The device (Fig. 3) has a nozzle 5 with windows 17 and 18. In FIG. 4 shows a device, the nozzle 5 of which in a step of a larger diameter is made with a groove 19, which communicates with the windows 20. Inside

3

The pipe 5 houses a sleeve 21 with windows 22 of the protrusion 23 and an axial channel. In the front part of the pipe 5 there is an elastic ring 24, which together with the pipe 5 and the sleeve 2 forms an annular chamber 25.

In the forward stroke mode, the sleeve 21 is in the forward position, blocking the window 20 of the pipe 5 and forming two annular chambers 25 and 26 with a larger diameter nipple 5 stage. Compressed air flows through the window 22 into the annular chamber 26 and holds the sleeve 21 in the forward position .

In the sleeve 21 (Fig. 6 and 7) additional windows 27 and protrusion 28 are molded; a gap 29 is formed between the protrusion 28 and the nozzle 5 during the forward running of the device.

Drummer 3 has a front 30 and rear 31 ends.

The device works as follows.

For operation of the device (Figs. 1 and 2) in the forward and reverse modes, the hose 14 and the channel 15 of the nozzle 5 are constantly supplied to the chamber 10 of the forward stroke of the striker 3 compressed air, under the action of which the striker 3 performs reciprocating movements, strikes on the anvil 2 of the housing 1 or on the flange b, depending on the mode of operation.

In the course of forward movement, under the action of fresh air, which is located in chamber 10, drummer 3 moves forward and in its extreme forward position strikes anvil 2 (in Fig. 1). At the same time, the window 4 of the striker 2 extends beyond the front edge 12 of the nozzle 5 and the compressed air from the chamber 10 through the window 4 of the striker 3 enters the chamber 9. The pressure of the compressed air in both chambers is equalized, but since the cross-sectional area of the striker 3 is from the chamber side 9 is larger than the cross sectional area of the hammer 3 from the side of the chamber 10, a resultant force arises, moving the hammer 3 backwards. Compressed air in chamber 9 expands, and when windows 4 of drummer 3 emerge from the rear end edge 13 of nozzle 5, the air through windows 4 of drummer 3 enters the exhaust chamber 11, where through valve 7 of flange 6, the bend valve 8 is removed to atmosphere. The pressure in the chamber 9 reverse

7684

drummer 3 falls (almost to atmospheric) n under the action of compressed air in the chamber 10 of the forward stroke of the impactor 3 forward. The cycle is repeated. Valve 8 is installed to prevent soil particles from getting inside the machine.

To reverse the travel of the device, it is necessary to move the patrol. Side 5 to the rearmost position (Figs. 2, 3, 5 and 7).

When reversing the stroke of the device (Fig. 3), the striker 3 strikes the flange 6 (in the machines, the nut screwed into the housing). For this purpose, the compressed air inlet from the chamber 10 of the forward stroke of the striker 3 into the chamber 9 of the reverse stroke is carried out earlier than during operation in the forward stroke mode, and the drummer 3 does not strike the front of the casing 1, and the exhaust of compressed air from the chamber 9, the reverse stroke of the striker 3 is performed later than when operating in the forward stroke mode, as a result of which the impact of the striker 3 strikes the flange 6, ensuring the movement of the device backward. With the exception of the described principle of operation of the device in the reverse mode, it is identical to the forward drive mode.

When translating the valve box 5 from the forward stroke position (the most forward position) to the reverse position (the rearmost position) between the rear end 31 of the striker 3 and the front edge 12 of the nozzle 5 (figure 2), a gap 16 is formed through which the compressed air from chamber 10 the forward stroke of the impactor 3 is discharged into the exhaust chamber 11 and through the windows 7 of the flange 6 to the atmosphere. It is most expedient to transfer the operation mode of the device from forward stroke to reverse without turning off the compressed air supply, i.e. the device works in the forward stroke mode and, without stopping its operation, move the nozzle 5 to the rear extreme position. In this position, the impactor 3, under the action of inertial forces, rebound forces and compressed air, which is located in chamber 9, discharges a gap 16 formed between it and the nozzle 5, and then will move backwards under the action of compressed air in chamber 9. Through the gap 16, the compressed air enters from the chamber 10 and the exhaust chamber 11 into the atmosphere, and the compressed air enters the chamber 9 until the gap 16 is formed and, due to the action of its impactor 3, stops first and then comes in the opposite direction. The pressure of compressed air in chamber 10 will decrease, as it will be connected to the atmosphere and a less force will be created decelerating the movement of the striker 3. The result will be an increase in the impact energy during the return stroke of the device. From the chamber 9 of the return stroke of the striker 3, the compressed air hardly enters the chamber. 10. This is achieved due to the fact that from the channel 15 of the nozzle 5 the incoming air flow is more powerful and it actually blocks the flow of compressed air from the chamber 9 through the windows 4 of the impactor 3. To reduce the flow of compressed air from the chamber 9 can use the device as shown in FIG. 3, which pipe 5 has windows 17 and juice 18, which overlaps window 5 of the striker 3 at the time the camera 10 communicates with the atmosphere through windows 17. In the forward stroke mode through windows 17, the compressed air enters chamber 9 when reversed (at the moment of switching) through the window 17, the compressed air enters from the chamber 10 (the forward stroke of the impactor) to the atmosphere. The device shown in FIG. 4 and 5, works as follows. Compressed air through the channel of the sleeve 2 enters the chamber 10 of the forward stroke and through the windows 22 - into the annular chamber 26. Under the action of compressed air in the chamber 26, the sleeve 21 is held in the extreme forward position. Compressed air through windows 4 of drummer 3 enters chamber 9, the drummer dbigatsya until its window 4 leaves behind the rear edge 13 of the large stage of nozzle 5. Compressed air from chamber 9 through windows 4 of drummer 3 will enter into chamber C and through windows 7 flange 6 - to the atmosphere. Under the action of 7686 compressed air in chamber 10, the striker 3 will move forward, depositing in the forward position. Impact on the anvil 2. To reverse the stroke, it is necessary to push the sleeve 21 (FIG. 5) to the extreme rear position, the annular chamber 25 thus communicating with chamber 10 and the compressed air enters through the windows 20 of the nozzle 5 and the window 4 of the striker 3, which will move backward before striking the flange 6. When the windows 4 of the striker 3 come out behind the rear edge 13 of the nozzle 5, the compressed air will escape from the chamber 9 to the atmosphere. The air distribution is carried out by the trailing edge 13 of the nozzle 5 and the groove 19. The device (FIGS. 6 and 7) works as follows. During the forward run of the device (Fig. 6), compressed air from the line through the windows 27 and the gap 29 between the protrusion 28 of the sleeve 21 and the nozzle 5 enters the chamber 9. The cycle is similar to that described, since the protrusion 28 does not participate in the air distribution. When switching the operating mode, the protrusion 28 of the sleeve 21 contacts with the nozzle 5, and the windows 20 communicate with the annular chamber 25 and, through the windows 27 of the sleeve 21, with the highway. The compressed air from the chamber 9 is not removed through the windows 4 of the striker 3, as they are blocked by the protrusion 28. At the same time, the compressed air leaves through the windows 27 of the bush 21 and the windows 20 of the nozzle 3 to the atmosphere. Thus, when the device operates in reverse, the impact energy of the striker rises due to a decrease in the counterpressure in the rotary chamber. This makes it possible to increase the speed of the return stroke, thereby increasing the productivity of well punching in the run.

.3

4 19 g 6 / j

///

cpus5 28 29 / / fpue 6 27 28 1 20 I / I

Yf, ibiy d. D / d1

I

27

25

Claims (3)

1. IMPACT DEVICE FOR PUNCHING WELLS IN THE SOIL, including a casing with an anvil, a firing pin with windows, an air distribution step pipe with windows, forming a forward-stroke camera with a firing pin, and a sleeve with a protrusion and windows placed in the pipe with the possibility of axial mounting movement, different the fact that, Fig 1 in order to increase the productivity of punching wells by increasing the speed of the return stroke of the device, the length of the striker is less than or equal to the distance from the anvil to the windows of the pipe, and the distance The distance from the windows of the drummer to its rear end is less than the distance from the front edge j of the pipe to its windows, while the forward-running camera is capable of periodic communication through the pipe windows with the atmosphere at one of the extreme positions of the sleeve. a 2. A device of concept 1, characterized in that the sleeve has an additional protrusion and windows that are made between the protrusions. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of the striker is less than the distance from the front edge of the pipe to the anvil. SU .1263768