SU1347027A1 - Device for measuring mean values of non-stationary signals - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention can be used in technical diagnostics installations for the spectral composition of noises and vibrations, operating modes of various industrial objects, as well as in medicine for measuring the average blood pressure during each cardiac cycle, the average exhaled volume of carbon dioxide in each respiratory cycle. The purpose of the invention is to improve the measurement accuracy by introducing a variable integration scale and expanding the range of averaging time variations. For this purpose, a scaling unit 4 is entered into the device containing integrator 1, hyperbolic converter 2, sampling-storage unit 3, control unit 5, key 6, control 7 and signal 8 inputs, and integrator 1 and hyperbolic converter 2 are made multi-range. Functional diagrams and composition of the control unit, multi-year-old integrator, multi-band hyperbolic transducer and scaling unit are described in the specification. 4 hp f-ly, 6 pe. "(L with: 05 4 :: O 1: 5 Figure 1

Description

The invention relates to measuring equipment, intended to measure the average values of signals.

and can be used in charters

Technical diagnostics based on the spectral composition of noise and vibrations of the operating modes of various industrial facilities, as well as in medicine, when measuring the average blood pressure during each cardiac cycle, determining the average exhaled volume of CO in each respiratory cycle, and so on.

The aim of the invention is to improve the measurement accuracy due to the introduction of a variable integration scale and an extension of the range of averaging time variations.

Figure 1 shows a block diagram of a device for measuring average values of non-stationary signals; FIGS. 2-5 are functional diagrams of a multi-band integrator, a control unit, a multi-band hyperbolic transducer, a scaling unit; figure 6 - the timing diagram of the device

The DD1I device for measuring average values of non-stationary signals contains a multi-band integrator 1, a multi-range hyperbolic transducer 2, a sampling block 3 — storage, a scaling block 4, a control block 5, a key 6, control and signal inputs 7 and 8 of the device, and The control input 7 of the device is connected to the input of the control unit 5 and to the control inputs of the key 6 and the multi-band integrator 1, whose input is connected to the signal input 8 of the device, and the analog output to the input of the key b, the output of which is connected The digital output of the multi-band integrator I is connected to the first input of the scaling unit 4, the first output of the control unit 5 is connected to the control input of the multi-band hyperbolic converter 2, with the input of the multiband hyperbolic converter 2 whose output is connected to the input of the sample and storage unit 3. second exit Control 5 is connected to the control inputs of the storage sampling block 3 and scaling block 4, the third output of control block 5 is connected to the clock input of a multiband hyperbolic trans ™

five

O 0 5 g g

five

former and the second input of the scaling unit 4 "

The multirange integrator 1 contains (FIG. 2) a capacitor 9, a switch 10, a resistor 11, a source 12 of reference voltages, an operational amplifier 3, comparators 14 and 15, an OR 16 element, an inverter 17 (not shown), a delay element 18, a register 19, a block 20 switched capacitors, containing series-connected switches 2.1-1 ... 21-P and capacitors 22-1 ... 22-p. The input of the operational amplifier 13 is connected to the first terminals of the resistor II, the capacitor 9, the key 10, and the switched capacitor unit 20, the output of the operational amplifier 13 is connected to the second terminals of the block 20 of the switched capacitors, the key 10 ,, capacitor 9, to the first inputs of the comparators 14 , 15 and the output of the multi-range integrator. The plus and minus codes of the source 12 of the reference voltages are connected respectively to the second inputs of the comparators 14 and 15, whose outputs are connected to the inputs of the element SH1I 16, the output connected to the clock input of the register 19, the OUTPUT of which is connected to the control inputs the corresponding keys 21-1, .. 21-p. The second output of the resistor 11 and the input of the inverter are connected respectively to the signal and control inputs of the multiband integrator 1, the outputs of the inverter are connected to the parallel inputs of the register 19, the control input of the switch 10 and through the delay element 18 to the control input of the register 19

The control unit 5 (diHr.3j contains a pulse expander 23 and a time distributor 24, whose inputs are connected to the input of the control unit 5, the first output of the time distributor 24 and the output of the pulse extender 23 are the first and second outputs of the control unit 5 to the output time - jioro of the distributor 24 is the third output of control unit 5.

The multiband hyperbolic converter 2 (FIG. 4) contains a delay element 25, an operational amplifier 26, four kg 27-30, four resistors, two capacitors 35 and 36, an inverter 37, two blocks 38 and 39 capacitors of rcix capacitors, a register 40. Blocks 38 and 39 room 10

15

20

mutable capacitors include capacitors 41-1 ... 41-p, 42-1 ... 42-P and keys 43-1 ... 43-p, 44-1 ... 44-p. The input of the operational amplifier 26 is connected to the first terminals of the resistor 34 of the key 28 and the input of the multiband hyperbolic converter 2. The output of the operational amplifier is connected to the first terminals of the keys 29 and 30, the output of the switching capacitors block 38 and the output of the multiband hyperbolic converter 2, the clock input of which is connected to the clock input register 40, and the control input with the control inputs of the keys 27, 28 and through the inverter 37 with the control inputs of the keys 29 and 30, with parallel inputs, the register 40 and through the delay element is with the control input of the register 40, the outputs of which are connected to the charcoal inputs of the keys 43-1 ... 43-n and 44-1 ... 44-n blocks 38 and 39 of switching capacitors.

The second pin of the key 28, the first pin of the block 39 of switched capacitors, the first leads of the capacitors 35 and 36, the first output of the key 27 are connected to a common bus. The second terminal of the capacitor 36 is connected to the second terminal of the switch 30 and the first terminal of the resistor 32, the second terminal of which is connected to the input of the switch 27 and the first terminals of the resistor 31 and the block 38 of the switched capacitors. The second terminal of the resistor 31 is connected to the second terminals of the switch 29 and the block 39 of switched capacitors. Scaling

25

thirty

Block 4 of Fig. 5 contains a decoder 45.40.

register 46, indicator 47, delay element 48, count 49, the summing and subtracting inputs of which are connected respectively to the first and second inputs of the scaling unit 4, and the output through the serially connected decoders 45 and the register 46 connected to the indicator 47. The control input of the scaling unit 4 connected to the control input of the register 46 and through the delay element 48 to the control input of the counter 49.

A device for measuring average values of non-stationary signals works as follows.

The input analog information — the signal under study (FIG. 6) to be averaged — is fed to the input 6 of the device, and the control signal to the input 7.

0

five

0

35

An impulse that characterizes in its duration a predetermined averaging time T.

In the initial state at the input 7 of the control device, the voltage is zero (fig.bb). At the same time, the voltage at the analog output of the multiband integrator 1 is absent (Fig. Bb) due to the zero voltage level supplied to its control input, which causes the electronic key 10 to be closed, the register 19 is cocked, and the electronic keys 21-1 and 21- n closed. At the third output of the control unit 5, a voltage of zero level is set (fig.bzh).

At the moment of time t, a unit level voltage control pulse (fig. Bb) is applied to the device control, which starts control unit 5, closes key 6 and removes reset conditions from the multi-25 integrator 1, disconnecting key 10.

The voltage at the control input of the register 19 is held at the level of the logical unit during the delay time of the delay element 18 sufficient to enter the zero code at the outputs of the register 19. At the same time, the electronic switches 21-1 and 21-n open.

In addition, from the moment t of supplying the control pulse to the input 7 of the device, the voltage U., the output of the operational amplifier 13 of the multi-band integrator 1 changes

expression

one

,,

R

 -t,

Vjdt

M ,,

one

de M. The integration scale of the multi-band integrator 1 in the first scaling range of its output voltage;

R is the resistance value of the time of the setting resistor 1 1;

the capacitance value of the capacitor 9; input voltage;

t - time Read out from time t ,.

With „V. When reaching voltage U

one)

the level of the reference voltages arriving at the second inputs of the comparators 14 and 15 at the time t is triggered (depending on the polarity of the voltage U (, j) the corresponding comparator. So, with a positive polarity, the comparator 14, and with a negative comparator 15.

The output signal from the output of the corresponding comparator (figbg, time tj) through the element OR 16 post

 Oh)

R, (C, + g: s ,,,),

I 1

gV, dt

5 M ,, - where

R (C + G C)

11 9 f, i UL-f

ten

The voltage level of the logical unit is driven, since the follower is from the time t.

the scale of integration of the multiband integrator 1 in the i-TOM range 1, the scale of the output voltage, the start of the i-ro

decreases abruptly to

Ts ai) - g + Cl5-i (

drops to clock input register 19 and

to digital multi-output 15

integrator 1. At the same time on the first

the output of the register 19 at the time t ' for the range of scaling voltage

output operational amplifier 13

The numbered input of register 19 is set to - 20, the output of integrator 1 will be the ejection of the level of the logical unit, will vary according to why the electronic key 21-1 is closed. m.- f V dt, ea, connecting a capacitor 22-1 pa-1

parallel to the capacitor 9, the output voltage of the code is a multi-band voltage of the operational amplifier 13 25 ″ th integrator 1 is fed to the input

multiband hyperbolic transducer 2. Since during

The I {- ™ {- j action of the control pulse at the control input 7 of the device key. / 27 3Q is in a state in which its input is connected to its power output, the keys 43-1 ... 43-P, 44 -1 ... 44-n blocks 38 and 39, keys 29, 30 and 6 are closed, and key 28 is open, then the voltage on capacitors 35, 36, 41-1 and 41-n, 42-1 and 42-n equal input. This is ensured by the fact that the operational amplifier 26 is operating and the voltage repeater mode.

Upon termination of the control pulse at the control input 7 of the device at time t (Fig. Bb), the voltage at the output of integrator 1 is proportional to the value of the voltage integral of the signal V during the averaging time T:

 ) ()

 1C and 35

and

22-1

and

the voltage value at the output of the operational amplifier 13 at the time of comparing t; the capacitance value of the capacitor 22-1; voltage, respectively, on the positive and minus-voltage outputs 40 of the source of the reference voltages.

As a result, from the time t (the beginning of the second scaling range of the output value of the multi-band integrator i), the scale of the representation of the resulting voltage at the output of the operational amplifier 13 changes:

and.

s I.

Ct) t,

-about

at time t, switch 6 is open, and since switch 28 is open, the voltage on the non-inverting input of operational amplifier 26 is equal to the voltage on capacitor 35 (which remains equal to voltage U (i) j), so the -V ... . V

{gn

(Co + C ,,.,),

,

For any i-ro range scaling the moment tc, the key 6 is open, and since the key 28 is open, the voltage at the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier 26 is equal to the voltage on the capacitor 35 (which remains equal to the voltage U (i) j), therefore - -V .... V

output of the multidiagnial gg voltage V Cf ,,., (, l.-) band integrator 1 output voltage on the capacitors, respectively, 4l l-41-n, 42-1-42-n, and 36 are equal capacitor 35.

the timing of the operational amplifier 13 and the integrator 1 at time t. beginnings

1H

The i-ro range is represented as

Oh)

R, (C, + g: s ,,,),

I 1

gV, dt

M ,, - where

R (C + G C)

11 9 f, i UL-f

Then from the moment t.

the scale of integration of the multiband integrator 1 in the i-TOM range 1, the scale of the output voltage, the start of the i-ro

and.

s I.

Ct) t,

-about

at time t, switch 6 is open, and since switch 28 is open, the voltage on the non-inverting input of operational amplifier 26 is equal to the voltage on capacitor 35 (which remains equal to voltage U (i) j), so the -V ... . V

g spins V Cf ,,., (, l. -) with on the capacitors, respectively, 4l l-41-n, 42-1-42-p and 36 are equal to the voltage on the capacitor 35.

13

- before closing the key, and -.

Also, at the end of the input control pulse at the time t, the reset input of the time distributor 24 is removed at the control input of the control unit 5, the output of which generates the control pulses of the logic unit level at the given times.

From t to

tj of both outputs of the time distributor 24 remain low voltage levels (logic zero levels), and from the time t on the first output of the time distributor a high voltage level pulse is generated that switches the key 27 to the second state at which its output connected to his second input. In this case, the key 28 closes, and the inverting pulse from the output of the inverter 37 opens at the time t of the key. At the first output of the register 40, a logic level zero voltage is formed, and at the second output there is a voltage level of the logical unit, which causes the keys 43-1 and 44-1 is opened, and the keys 43-2, 44-2 are closed.

As a result, from the moment t (the beginning of the second range of variation of the output voltage of the multiband hyperbolic converter 2) 20 the scale of the representation of the resulting voltage at the output of the operational amplifier 26 and at the output of the converter 2 changes, which is realized by connecting from time t through

Ch 29 and ZO, why the circuits 5 break the resistors 31 and 33 to the input of the operating discharge of the capacitors 42-1, 42-p, the amplifier 26 of the capacitors 41-2 41-1 and 41-p.

Control Input Voltage

and 42-2, respectively.

With the arrival of pulses from the second output of the time distribution, 30 24 there is a shift of the logical

the register 40 from the moment tg is held by the level of the logical unit for the delay time of the delay element 25 sufficient for recording the zero code at the outputs of the register 40, except for the first one, at which the voltage level of the logical unit remains. In this case, the keys 43-2, 43-p, 44-2, 44-p are open, and the keys 43-1, 44-1 are closed. As a result, the capacitors 41-1, 42-1 and 36 are connected via the respective resistors 31, 33, 32 to the inverse input of the operational amplifier 26.

The currents entering the input of opamp 26 are summed.

As a result, a voltage is formed at the output of the operational amplifier 26, which interposes the hyperbolic dependence

t-t. according to law

V

- &, ()

V and ,,, CA

".

Where

A ,, B.

l4ad t - t

- coefficients determined by elements of the hyperbolic converter 2.

eight

In accordance with the work program of the time distributor 24, at the time t at its second output a pulse is generated, which arrives at the clock input of the register 40 and at the second input of the scaling unit 4.

In this case, at the first output of register 40, the voltage level of a logical zero is formed, and at the second output - the voltage level of a logical unit, which causes the keys 43-1 and 44-1 to open, and the keys 43-2, 44-2 to close.

As a result, from the time t (the beginning of the second range of variation of the output voltage of the multiband hyperbolic converter 2), the representation scale of the resulting voltage at the output of the operational amplifier 26 and at the output of the converter 2 changes, which is realized from the moment t through

5 resistors 31 and 33 to the input of the op-amp 26 capacitors 41-2

35 o

and 42-2, respectively.

With the arrival of pulses from the second output of the time distribution, 30 24 there is a shift of the logical

units in the higher bits of the register 40, which leads to the switching of the corresponding capacitors of the blocks 38 and 39.

At j-switching (n, j, 1) from the moment t (j + 4) of the beginning of the j-ro range of output voltage of the multi-band hyperbolic converter 2, the voltage V (l, j) at the output of the operational amplifier 26 changes from U (,) j (j, according to the law approximating the hyperbolic dependence

V. J

tt,

where dL. - scale factor in the j-th range of output voltage variation.

Here, SL-j is determined by the capacitance of parallel-connected capacitors of blocks 38 and 39.

After the time interval KT K is the scale factor, which is selected from the device's fast-speed condition), after the termination of the control pulse at the input of control unit 5, the expander 23 pulses at time tt QD generates a control impulse coming from its output to the control input of the unit 3 sampling-storage, which registers the value of the voltage at the output of the multi-band converter 2.

This voltage at time t is defined as

V,

(L

L

 7

 and,,,

.

L janj

-V

(to ianj)

V

H V -1

-coefficients determined by the elements of the device;

-time delay intervals of the formation of voltages of the corresponding J-X ranges of output voltage variation.

The impulse of control from the output of the control block (Fig. 6b, moment t) stunts at the moment t also on the splat-input of the scaling block, at which the computation of the output Izyz, defined as, is performed.

M., where a (

multiplicity of scaling of output values of multi-band integrator 1 and multi-band hyperbolic converter I

m, n are, respectively, the numbers of the ranges of the scaling multiband integrator I and the multiband hyperbolic transducer. The operation of the scaling unit is as follows.

In the initial state, the counter 49 is reset.

At time t, counter 49 increases the output codes, starting from zero, per unit after each pulse arriving at the summing input at time t and t, j (fig.bg) from the digital output of the multiband integrator 1, which is equivalent to increasing the scale input value per unit scale with each incoming pulse (fig.bi, moments t ,,, t). Reduces the output codes of the counter 49 after each pulse arriving at its subtracting input from the third output of the control unit 5 (Fig. 6, time t), which is equivalent to decreasing

7027 O

scale output per unit-scale (fig.bi, time t),

From the output of the decoder 45, the counter codes, transformed into a form that is convenient for indication, are stored in memory register 46 on the leading edge of the pulse received at time t to the control input of register 46

five

the second output of the control unit 5, and are initiated by the digital indicator 47.

Claims (5)

1. A device for measuring averages of non-stationary sigals, comprising a sequentially connected integrator, a key and a hyperbolic transducer, the output of which connected to the input of the sample-storage unit, the control unit; and the inputs of the hyperbolic converter and the sample-and-storage unit are connected respectively to the first and second outputs of the control unit, the input of which is the control input of the device About that with the aim of increasing the accuracy measurements by introducing a variable integration scale and expanding the range of averaging time variations, a scaling unit is introduced into it, the integrator and the hyperbolic converter are made multi-band, the control inputs of the multi-band integrator and the key are connected to the control input of the device control unit, the first and second inputs of the scaling unit are connected respectively to the digital output Range integrator and third output control unit, the control input of scaling unit coupled to the second output of the control unit. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the multidiagonal integrator comprises an operational amplifier, a capacitor, a switch, a resistor, a delay element, a register, two comparators, a source of reference voltages, an OR element, and a block of switched capacitors - parallel circuits of series-connected capacitors and switches, the control inputs of which are connected with the corresponding register outputs, the inverting input of the operational amplifier is connected to the first terminals of the capacitor, resistor, switch and block of switched capacitors, the output of the operational amplifier is connected to the second terminals of the capacitor, switch, switchable capacitors, and is the analog output of a multi-band integrator, the second inputs of the first and second comparators are connected to the positive and negative outputs of the reference voltage source, the outputs of the computer, respectively ator connected to respective inputs -or element whose output is connected to a clock input and a register. is the digital output of the multiband integrator, the control input of the multiband integrator is connected to the input of the inverter, the output of which is connected to the control of the key input, parallel inputs of the register and through the delay element with the control input of the register, on the series input of which the unit level voltage is applied, The second output of the resistor is the input to the multiband integrator. 3. The device according to p. I, -o tl and - which is based on the fact that the multi-diagonal hyperbolic converter contains a register, an operational amplifier, four keys, four resistors, two capacitors, an inverter, a register and two blocks of switched capacitors consisting from p-parallel circuits, sequentially connecting the output of the control unit, the second capacitors and switches, the control inputs of the corresponding switches of both blocks of switched capacitors are combined and connected to the corresponding outputs of the register, to the first information input of which the voltage of the logical unit is applied, the first outputs of the first and second registers. of the resistors and the first block of switched capacitors are connected to the input of the first switch, the first output of which is connected to the common bus, and the second to the inverting input of the operational amplifier and the first output of the third resistor, the first terminals of the first and second capacitors, the second switch and the second block of switched capacitors are connected to the common bus, the second terminals of the second block of switched capacitors and the first resistor are connected to the first output of the third key, the second output of the first capacitor is connected via the fourth resistor to the second output of the second the key and the input of the operational amplifier, which is the input of a multiband hyperbolic transducer, whose control input is connected to the control inputs the first and second keys and the input of the inverter, the output of which is connected to the control inputs of the third and fourth keys, with information inputs other than the first register and through the delay element with the control input of the register, the second terminals of the second resistor and the second capacitor are connected to the first terminal of the fourth key, the second terminal of which is connected to the second terminals of the first block of switched capacitors, the third resistor and the third key and the output of the operational amplifier and is a multiband hyperbolic output a clock converter whose input is a register clock input. 4. Device POP.1, characterized in that the control unit contains a pulse expander and a time distributor, the inputs of which are combined and are the input of the control unit, the first output of the time distributor is the first the output of which is the rise of the pulse expander, the second output of the time distributor is the third output of the control unit. 5. Device POP.1, characterized in that the scaling unit contains a delay element connected in series by a counter, a decoder, a register and an indicator, the summing and subtracting inputs of the counter are respectively the first and second inputs of the scaling unit, the control input of which is connected to the control input of the register and through the delay element with the control input of the counter. FIG. H P FIG. H 9 five 6 R 47 i / z. five 1 w; Jmx.t N.Egorova tf: t, ijt t7 Compiled by G. Kozul Tehred I., Popovich Order 5117/44 Circulation 729 Subscription VNIIPI USSR State Committee for inventions and discoveries 113035, Moscow, Zh-35, Raushsk nab., 4/5 Production and printing company, Uzhgorod, st. Project, 4 Corrector; B. But ha