SU1337784A1 - Device for measuring mean values of transient signals - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention can be used in technical diagnostics devices for cneKTpajibHONry composition of noise and vibration modes of operation of various industrial facilities. The purpose of the invention is to improve the measurement accuracy. The device comprises an integrator 1, a generator of 2 hyperbolic pulses, a block 3 of sample-storage and a block 5 of control. Equipping the device with a scaling unit 4 and a key 6 ensures the introduction of a variable of one scale of integration and an extension of the range of variations in the averaging time of the signal under study. The description presents examples of the implementation of the control unit 5, the integrator 1, performed by multi-band, and the scaling unit 4. 4 Cp f-ly, 7 ill. with S (L FIG.

Description

The invention relates to a measurement technique, is intended to measure average values of signals and can be used in devices for technical diagnostics on the spectral composition of noises and vibrations of operating modes of various industrial facilities, as well as in medicine for measuring the average blood pressure during each cardiac cycle. , determining the average exhaled volume of CO2. in each breathing cycle, etc.

The purpose of the invention is to improve the measurement accuracy by introducing a variable integration scale and expanding the range of variations in the averaging time of the signal under study.

Figure 1 shows the overall structure

A circuit diagram of a device for measuring jg House Trigger 15, the output of which is

2, 3 and 4 are functional diagrams of blocks of a multi-range integrator, a control unit and a scaling block, respectively, of Fig. 3, 6, and time diagrams explaining the operation of a device of a multi-band integrator. and control unit.

A device for measuring average values of non-stationary signals contains a six-band integrator 1, a generator of 2 hyperbolic pulses, a sampling-storage unit 3, a scaling unit 4, a control unit 5, a key 6. Figure 1 also shows a control input 7 and a signal input 8 device which is connected to the input of a multi-band integrator 1, the analog output of which is connected to the input of the generator 2 of hyperbolic pulses, the output of which is connected to the input of the sampling-storage unit 3, the first, second and third outputs of the control unit 5 connected respectively to the control inputs of the key 6 of the multi-band integrator 1, generator 2 of hyperbolic pulses, the fourth output of the control unit 5 is connected to the control inputs of the sampling-storage unit 3 and the scaling unit 4, the first and second inputs of which are connected respectively to the digital output of the multi-band integrator 1 and the fifth output of control unit 5.

The multirange integrator 1 (FIG. 2) contains a source of 9 reference voltages, two comparators 10 and 11,

the OR 12 element and the controlled integrator 13, the output of which is connected to the first inputs of comparators 10 and 11, the second inputs of which are connected to the corresponding outputs of the source 9 of the reference voltages, and the outputs to the inputs of the element OR 12, the output of which is connected to the clock input of the controlled integrator .

Control unit 5 (FIG. 3) contains reference voltage source 14, RS trigger 15, two comparators 16 and 17, a controlled integrator 18, an OR-NOT 19 element, a key 20, a one-shot 21 and an inverter 22. The input of the control unit 5 connected to the input of the one-shot 21, the first input of the element 19, controlling the input of the key 20 and R-BXO0

five

B

0

five

0

five

It is connected to the control input of the controlled integrator 18, the output of which is connected to the first inputs of the comparators 16 and 17, the outputs of which are connected respectively to the S input of the trigger 15 and the clock input of the controlled integrator 18, the output of the single vibrator is connected to the reset input of the integrator 18, the input of the inverter 22 and the second input of the IPI-HE element 19, the output of which is the first output of the control unit 5, the second, third, fourth and fifth outputs of which are respectively the outputs of the single vibrator 21, the trigger 15, the comparator 17 and the inverter 22

The controlled integrators 13 and 18 contain (Fig. 2) a resistor 23, an operational amplifier 24, a capacitor 25, a switch 26, a block 27 of switched capacitors (28-1) - (28-n) and switches (29-1) - (29 -n) register 30 and the element 31 delay. The input of the controlled integrator 13, 18 through a resistor 23 is connected to the input of the operational amplifier 24, the first terminals of the switch 26, the capacitor 25 and the block 27 of switched capacitors (28-1) - (28-p), the second terminals of the capacitor 25, the switch 26 and the unit 27 switching capacitors are connected to the output of the operational amplifier 24 and the output of controlled integrators 13 and 18, the control inputs of which are connected to the control input of the switch 26 with the parallel inputs of the register 30 and through the delay element 31 with the control input of the register 30, reset reset and clock input to expensive are the corresponding inputs of the controlled integrator 13 and 18.

The scaling unit 4 (FIG. 4) comprises a serially connected decoder 32, a register 33, a display unit 34, as well as a delay element 35 and a reversible counter 36, the summing and subtracting inputs of which are the first and second inputs of the scaling unit 4, and the output connected to the input of the decoder 32, the control input of the scaling unit 4 is connected to the control input of the register 33 and through the delay element 35 to the control input of the reversible counter 36.

The device works as follows.

The signal input Vp, which is to be averaged, is supplied to the signal input 8 of the device, and the control impulse characterizing the duration of the averaged signal T to be measured by the control input 7.

When the control pulse arrives at the device input 7, the control unit 5 generates sequentially in time the control signals of the integrator 1, the generator of hyperbolic impulses, the storage sampling unit 3, and the scale unit 4.

In the initial state, the voltage of the zero level is set at the control input 7 of the device (Fig.55). At the same time, the first, third and fifth outputs of the control unit 5 are set to voltage level 1 (fig. 5c, g, k), and the second and fourth outputs of the control unit 5 are set to voltage level O (fig. 55, 5). At the input of the control unit 5 (FIG. 3), a zero level voltage is set, as a result, the controlled integrator 18 is in the reset state (FIG. 3), since the voltage level 1 arriving at its control input from the output RS-flip-flop 15, close the electronic key 26 (fig.Z) and cocked the register 30, so the keys (29-1) - (29-n) are closed. From the output of the OR-NOT 19 element, the voltage level 1 (Fig. 76, d) goes to the first output of the control unit 5 (Fig. 5, c, d). As a result, the voltage at the analog output of the multiband integrator 1 is missing (Figure 5e), since the electronic switch 26 of the controlled integrator 13 (Figure 2) is closed on 377784

four

tf 4 and

coming on

By tacking level 1 of his control board. Register 30 is set, therefore electronic keys (29-1) - (29-n) are closed.

At time t, the control input 7 of the device is supplied with a control pulse of voltage level 1 (Fig. 55), which starts up block 5

d control

With arrival at time C to the input of control voltage control unit 5 voltage level G (Fig. 7 (), the voltage level at the output of the element 5 and OR-NO 19 (Fig. 3) changes to the opposite, (Fig. 77, j), thereby opening the electronic key 26 of the controlled integrator 13, the output of the RS flip-flop 15 is also set

20 zero voltage level, open key 26 of the controlled integrator 18. Thus, the conditions of resetting of the controlled integrators 13 and 18 are removed.

level 1 during the delay time of the delay element 31 (fig. b) sufficient to transfer the zero code from the parallel inputs to the pe3 outputs of the gist 30. At the same time, the electronic switches (29-1) - (29-n) open. Therefore, from the moment t of supplying the control pulse to the control input 7 of the device, the voltage U;

five

0

five

multi-band integrator 24

0

1 varies so4t)

; 2Y

where m is 5

 Vgdt M, S V dt, (l) t, o

—scale of the output voltage of the multirange integrator 1 in the first scaling range of its output voltage i; resistance value; time of the setting resistor 23;

Cjj - capacitor capacitance value 25 Vg - input voltage

signal.

When the voltage U reaches (, the level of the reference voltages arriving at the second inputs of the comparators 10 and P, at the time t, it triggers (depending on the polarity of the voltage U (,,) the corresponding comparator. So, with a positive floor Ratio U ,, triggered comparator 10, and with a negative - comparator 11. In this

,

 „, V

Vgdt.

(2)

The signal from the output of the corresponding comparator (Fig. 5, time t ,,) through the OR element 12 enters the clock input of the register 30 and the digital output of the multi-band integrator 1. At the same time, at the first output of the register 30, at time t, level 1 voltage is formed ( Fig.6.8, time t2), TaK as at the serial input of register 30 is set the voltage level 1 electronic switch 29-1 closes, connecting the capacitor 28-1 parallel to the capacitor 25, the output voltage of the operational amplifier 24 decreases abruptly to

and

(2)

where u is;

U

g "-1)

and

on

the voltage at the output of the operational amplifier 24 at the time of the assembly t ,,

h

 tj;

the capacitance value of the capacitor 28-1 voltage, respectively, at the plus and minus outputs of the source 9 of the reference voltage.

As a result, at the time t, t ,, (the beginning of the second scaling range of the output value of the multi-band integrator 1) the scale of the result representation changes, its voltage at the output of the operational amplifier 24

the output of the weekend on

a multi-band integrator 1 in the second scaling range of its output voltage. For any i-ro range, the scaling of the output value of the multi-dip integrator 1 is the output voltage of the operational amplifier 24 from the moment t. The beginning of the i-ro range is represented as

one

15

20

(five)

- mas

The headquarters of the output voltage of the multiband integrator 1 in the ith range is the scaling of its output voltage.

The multiplicity b. The i-th range of scaling the output voltage of the integrator 1 can be expressed through the ratio of its output voltages U (i) and U (, - .. ,, respectively in the i-th and (i-l) -M ranges, as

whether

B

B

Ush.

(i -ii

m,

m

(6)

(7)

((-eleven

At the same time, the scales of M. The representation of the output voltages of the integrator 1 in the i-x ranges of scaling its output voltage can be expressed in terms of the scale M, the representations of the output voltage of the integrator in the first range according to

M. M

R

6 1

(eight)

45 50

55

In particular, with the equality of all coefficients b b b i. B.

 B

ti + i)

(i.e. with equality

the multiplicity of all the scaling ranges of the output voltage of the integrator 1)

M (9) During the operation at the control input 7 of the control pulse device, characterizing by its duration, the averaging time T of the signal under investigation, the device control block 5 forms at its output

at the corresponding points in time, timestamp signals characterizing the boundaries of predetermined time intervals for which the control pulse quantizes by time 5, i.e. the latter, since the moment t of its beginning of its operation, is divided by block 5 into time slicing ranges.

The boundaries of the end of these sequentially arranged quantization ranges in time correspond to the instants of time, respectively, t-,

 -Q2 KVZ KBj (j4i)

counted from the time t and determining the occurrence of the corresponding time stamp signals on the fourth output of the block, 5, from which they arrive at the second input (see Fig. 1) of the scaling block 4.

If the multiplicity a of the j-ro range of quantization of averaging time T is expressed through the ratio of its boundaries.

certain moments t

KB 1

according to

KB (j- 1)

E:

Ijil.

(ten)

 J

graduation

t KJ (j., 1

then times t

The j-x quantization ranges, counted from the moment t, the onset of the control pulse, can be expressed in terms of the lower limit t of the first quantization range according to

 WITH

KB p

P ..

where t

K60

is the moment of time counted from the moment t.

one

In particular, with the equality of all coefficients and a and a. . . a, (i.e., when quantizing a control pulse at multiple time intervals)

t, 6j t .- (12)

The formation of pulses of time stamps is performed as follows.

From the moment t of the arrival of the control pulse from the input of the control unit 5 to the control input of the on-off key 20, the latter switches to the state in which its output is connected to its first information INPUT-,

In this case, the positive output of the source 14 of the reference voltages of the control unit 5 (Fig. 3) is connected to the analog input of the controlled integrator

(FIG. 2), as a result of which the voltage Wj, at the output of the operational amplifier 24 of the controlled integrator 18 for the first range of averaging time (time-slicing of the control pulse) varies according to

ten

 ,

 15

20

40

W

one

t /

(one)

45

 25

R

where N.

23

one

u;, dt N, u; t, (i3)

 2F

R

and

25

scale of representation of the output voltage of the controlled integrator 18 in the first range of averaging time averaging j

, is the magnitude of the voltage at the plus output of the source 14 of the reference voltages of the control unit 5.

When the voltage W ,, reaches the level of the reference voltage supplied to the second input of the comparator 17 (Fig. 7 Oe), the latter is at the moment t. it works. The signal from the output of the comparator 17 is fed through the fourth output of the control unit 5 to the second input of the scaling unit 4, as well as to the clock input of the register 30 of the controllable integrator 18 (figure 5, time t,).

In this case, the first register output

30 (FIG. 3) at time t is formed

II II I "

thirty

level voltage

electronic

the switch 29-1 is closed by connecting the capacitor 28-1 in parallel to the capacitor 25, the output voltage of the operational amplifier 24 is reduced abruptly to

W

(14}

 26

Cl

with

W.

(1c-1)

(14)

t i,

where W I U pi, is the output voltage value

operational amplifier 24 at time tj.

As a result, at the time t, the beginning of the second averaging time quantization range, the scale of representation of the resultant voltage is changed at the output of the operational amplifier 24

(15) b

representing the output voltage of the controlled integrator 18 in the second range of averaging time quantization.

For any j-ro time-quantization range ycpej: jne nin, the output voltage of the operating amplifier will increase to 24 seconds; t patchall j-ro d.ilp oil is represented in

t / t

  - dt

(sixteen)

 N

Where

The presentation of the output voltage of the controlled integrator 18 in the j-th Juiana time-quantization zone and that, given the equality of the multiplicity values of all the quantizing ranges, is expressed as

N

(17)

Upon termination of the control pulse, at the input of the control block 5 of the control pulse decay (fig. 7a, moment td) one vibrator 21 (fig. 3) is started, at the output of which, from time t, a level 1 voltage pulse is generated (fig.7 b a) the duration of the hyperbolic pulse generator input to the control input, as well as through the inverter 22 to the control input of the key 6, while the key 6 times the number 1, and the voltage of the multi-band integrator 1 is kept at the output one-shot 21 per Commemorated in the generator of hyperbolic impulses.

At the end of the pulse at time t, (Fig. 5c (), the generator is hyperbolic

impulses goes into a mode of formation by singing a voltage output that changes according to such

(18)

..

 +)

Tde Z is the coefficient determined by the parameters of the elements of a hyperbolic V converter - flowing; its time, counted from the moment t of the end of the pulse at the control input of the generator 2j) is a constant determined by the properties of the generator 2 of hyperbolic pulses. At the same time, from the moment tj, the keys (29-1) - (29-n) open the rc,). (- (ultrute which the scale is 7gr; the roorap controlled integrator 18 staiolchps equal to the scale N ( so; Sak to the operational amplifier 2D remains connected only to the terminal 25).

In addition to the T .iro, with the MOMOTiTa t ending control (Pg, | ... m about impu.; P) Sl of the control key of the key 2 (i the last switches to ij iC poe state} P1e, at which its output ck (1 is mutated from its the second ilformai, I1 1LI.1.1m entrance (fig.Z).

At TTvOM, the analog input of the controllable pltegator 18 is connected to a miluson 1 on the input source 14 of the reference paprii, resulting in a booster W - (, the output of the operating amplifier will increase (l 24 blocks ms from the time t on the pin

5 (fig.Z).)

W,

where and

 W,,

 P

 -; U,

one

+ N. - (b-Jdt,

. (19) the magnitude of the voltage at the negative output of the source of 14 support-H1: 1x voltages, the dimensionless coefficient.

0

When you reach the level of lrrge - M W, zero lottepdial (() IG .7s, time t-h.), Uston.leishchch) ks) of the translator 16 (fi moment L-r (. IJatiaTbntl d

signal hoctviiaei pa

l ;, the input input 3.), 1 and next 1 to t, and its output S-input RS-trig

Hera 15 (fig.Z). As a result, at the output of the last one since) 1ta t ,. is formed}) apr zhnp (level 1 gfg. 7), arriving at the third output of control block 5 (ft. 3 o.

Time interval t.-t, defined oi

From the condition of reaching the output voltage W, the operational amplifier of zero potential at the moment of time t is defined by the expression 7

unit 4 calculates and displays

which is opW

Mpf scale, representation of the output analog value, proportional to the average value}) y of the signal under study during averaging time T.

The magnitude of the scale is recorded at the moment t of the termination of the control.

+ N j (- / iUpn) dt 0. (20) of the common impulse (averaging time T).

If all coefficients are equal

From equation (20) we get

t t T 1 / B-N /

ten

(21)

quantizing the expression for the scale Mppj takes the form

Mrrz F-b

(h-l)

(29)

After selecting the value / s

 iaf

expression (21) leads to

4- s

Chad

T.

1 (p-1)

After the time interval

the expiration of the control pulse at the input of the control unit 5 at the moment of time

. (23)

generates at the third output a pulse (voltage level 1) of control of sampling-storage unit 3 for retrieving information received at its input from the output of generator 2 in the form of pick-up voltage 21 t by block 4 of information on the scale M jj of the output resultant voltage.

At the same time, the output resultant voltage V (, j, is proportional to the average value of the signal under investigation with a scale M pp, its representation

M

ppj

 F

(thirty)

Here, m and n are the number of pulses that arrived during the action of the control pulse on the first and

25, the second inputs of the scaling unit 4, respectively, from the second output of the multi-band integrator 1 and from the fourth output of the control unit. These pulses are received respectively on

30 subtracting and summing inputs of the reversible counter 36. In the initial state, counter 36 is reset.

From time t, counter 36 increases the output codes, starting with

, zero, per unit after each pulse arriving at its direct counting input at times t ,, and t and

:and

- 2

I (P1) I

T.D. (Fig. 5) from the digital output of the multiband integrator 1, which (24) 40 is equivalent to increasing the scale of the output value per unit of scale with where is the value of the current time with each incoming pulse (fig.5l, the hyperbolic moments tj, t). Counter 36 reduces the transducer 2 at the time the output codes after each pulse, t., The counted relative to the time that it arrives at its reversible countable moment t, is as

and a certain input from the fourth output of the control unit 5 (FIG. 3, time t), which is equivalent to decreasing the scale of the output value per unit of scale (figure 5 / m, time tj).

R

If accept

bum

- back

 l

and (t)

(H,

 Z M

rgs wed

where is m

Z M,

E. ± L J; l

P ЗС-А Sampling-storage unit 3 captures and displays information received at its analog input, and scales it (28)

133778412

unit 4 calculates and displays

Mpf scale, representation of the output analog value, proportional to the average value}) y of the signal under study during averaging time T.

The magnitude of the scale is recorded at the moment t of the end of the control pulse (averaging time T).

ten

(21)

quantizing the expression for the scale Mppj takes the form

Mrrz F-b

(h-l)

(29)

„Z-M, - tKBo

where F is a constant.

(22)

When a g - the value Mpej defined

20 goes like

M

ppj

 F

(nm)

(thirty)

Here, m and n are the number of pulses that arrived during the action of the control pulse on the first and

the second inputs of the scaling unit 4, respectively, from the second output of the multi-band integrator 1 and from the fourth output of the control unit. These pulses are received respectively on

the subtracting and summing inputs of the reversible counter 36. In the initial state, the counter 36 is reset.

From time t, counter 36 increases the output codes, starting with

zero, per unit after each pulse arriving at its direct counting input at times t ,, and t and

T.D. (Fig. 5) from the digital output of the multiband integrator 1, which is equivalent to increasing the scale of the output value per unit scale with each incoming pulse (Fig. 5l, moments tj, t). Counter 36 reduces the output codes after each pulse arriving at its reversible counting input from the fourth output of control unit 5 (FIG. 3, time t), which is equivalent to decreasing the output value per unit scale (FIG. 5 / m, time tj).

From the output of the decoder 32, the counter codes converted into a form convenient for indication are stored in memory register 33 on the leading edge of the R-pulse received at time t at the clock input of register 33 from the third output of control unit 5 (Fig. 1), and are indicated by the digital display unit 34 of the scale.

0

Claims (5)

1. A device for measuring average values of non-stationary signals, comprising an integrator, the output of which is connected to the input of a hyperbolic pulse generator, the output of which is connected to the input of a sampling and storage unit, controlling the inputs of the integrator, the hyperbolic pulse generator and the sampling unit n storage respectively are connected to the first, the second and third outputs of the control unit, the input of which is the control input of the device, characterized in that, in order to improve the measurement accuracy by introducing of the enlarged scale of integration and expansion of the range of the wa-2o and Sh1I, the output of which is connected to Averaging time, a scaling unit and a key are entered into it, and the integrator is multiband, the key input is the signal input of the device, and the output is connected to the analog input of the multiband integrator, the second output of which is connected to the first input of the scaling unit, the second input of which is connected to the fourth the output of the control unit, the control inputs of the scaling unit and the key are connected respectively to the third and fifth outputs of the control unit. 2. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that the control unit comprises a single-shot, a trigger, a key, an inverter, a -controlled integrator, a source of reference voltages, two comparators, and an OR-NOT element whose output is the first output of the control unit the key output is connected to the analog input of the controlled integrator, the control input of which is connected to the trigger output, and the output to the first inputs of the comparators, the first key input is connected to the positive output of the reference voltage source, the negative output of which is connected to the second input key and the second input of the first comparator, the output of which is connected to the clock input of the controlled integrator, the single-vibrator input, the R-input of the trigger, the control input of the key and the first input of the OR-NOT element are combined and are the input of the control unit, the output of the single-oscillator is connected to the input of the inverter, the second input of the OR-NOT element and the reset input of the controlled integrator, and is the second output of the control unit whose third, fourth and fifth outputs are respectively the outputs of the trigger, the first comparator and the inverter, second The second input of the comparator is connected to the common bus, and the output to the S input of the trigger. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the multiband integrator comprises two comparators, an OR element, a source of reference voltages and a controlled integrator, 5 whose output is connected to the first inputs of the comparators and is the first output of a multi-band integrator, you: soda comparators are connected to the corresponding inputs of the elements five 0 five 0 five The clock input of the controlled integrator and is the second output of the multiband integrator, the second inputs of the first and second comparators are connected to the positive and negative outputs of the voltage source, respectively, and the analog and control inputs of the controlled integrator are the corresponding inputs of the multiband integrator. 4. The device according to claim 1, wherein the scaling unit contains an indicator, a decoder, a register and a reversible counter, the summing and subtracting inputs of which are respectively the first and second inputs of the scaling unit, the outputs of the reversible counter are connected to the inputs of the decoder, the outputs of which are connected to the information inputs of the register, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the indicator, the control input of the scale unit is connected with the clock input of the register and through the delay element - with the installation input of the reversible counter. 5. The device according to claims 1-3, which is based on the fact that the controlled integrator contains an operational amplifier, a switch, a resistor, a capacitor, a delay element, a register, and a block of switched capacitors consisting of n parallel circuits connected in series capacitors and switches; the control inputs of the switches are connected to the corresponding outputs of the register; the inverting input of the operational amplifier is connected to the first pins of the switch, the block of switched capacitors, the resistor and the capacitor, the output of the operational amplifier nen with second terminals of the capacitor, and a key unit switched capacitor and is controlled integrator output, a second terminal of the resistor is an analog input of a controlled integrator, a control input coupled to the key na the parallel inputs of the register and through the delay element with the register recording control input and is the control input of the controllable integrator, the serial input of the register is connected to the bus of the logical unit, the clock input and the reset input of the register are the corresponding inputs of the controllable integrator. fig.Z sk i 36 S2 35 T 73 J4 (Ryo A Vs (f) M Order 4125/42 Circulation 730 Subscription VNIIPI USSR State Committee for inventions and discoveries 113035, Moscow, Zh-35, Raushsk nab., 4/5 " - - ,- - .."." - - - ....at-. - -.- - - - - - .. “- Production and printing company, Uzhgorod, st. Project, 4