SU1328055A1 - Method of producing annular forgings - Google Patents

Abstract

 The invention relates to the processing of metals by pressure, in particular, to the technology of making ring forgings, mainly gears. The aim of the invention is to improve the quality of parts by improving the macrostructure. For this, the billet is turned over by 90 after being deposited and flattened. After that, a preliminary forging is stamped with an opening width equal to 0.35 0.5 of the diameter of the final forging opening. After distribution, the forging is carried out by diameter. Calibration can be done by crimping or dispensing. After the operation of the distribution of metal fibers in the final forging oriented mainly in the radial direction. This ensures equal gear teeth. 2 hp ff, 7 pcs. with SL SL

Description

The invention relates to the processing of metals by pressure, in particular to methods of hot-die forging, and can be used for the manufacture of large ring gear forgings.

The purpose of the invention is to improve the quality of parts by improving their macrostructure and increasing efficiency.

Figure 1 shows the initial and upset of the workpiece; Fig. 2 shows the workpiece after turning over 90 and flattening in the direction of the diameter; Fig. 3 shows a preliminary forging, stamped as an elongated ring, after trimming and flashing a hole; FIG. 4 is also a top view; fig. 3 - the same, before the distribution (left) and after the end of the distribution process (right); Fig. 6 is a calibration scheme by crimping over the outer diameter in a die with a narrowing channel; 7 - the same, by distributing the internal diameter of a rigid tool.

Accepted designations: -d

3 meter and height of the original billet about hp - diameter and height of the billet after precipitation B - width of the billet after flattening in the direction of the diameter, H, B, L - height, width and length of the preliminary forging removed from the elongated ring; b - the width of the pre-forging hole, D

d.of

 and the diameter of the hole forgings after distribution, D, d - outer and inner diameters of the product after calibration P - deformation force, crimping die 1, forging 2 after distribution, forging 3 after calibration, deforming tool 4 ..

The method is carried out as follows.

The original cylindrical billet, cut off at a press scissors, for example, from steel 20X254MA (FIG. 1), is heated to a forging temperature of 1200 C and transferred to a punching hammer with a mass of falling parts (MUF) of 10 tons. Then, the edge at 90, the upset billet is placed on the forming side-surface and flattened in the direction of the diameter to obtain a semi-finished product in the form of an elongated circle of BQ width, which

ten

20

25

, 20 mm less than the width of the preliminary forging B (Figures 2 and 3).

At the second stamping junction, the flattened billet is placed into the stamping stream, centered along its contour, and the preliminary forging is stamped (Figure 4). The stamped pre forging is passed to a 10 MN press press, on which the scraping and piercing of the hole is made, after which the forging is installed on a pie stamp placed on the side - press slide, on which the preliminary forging is performed (Fig. 3) . Then, the forging is moved to a second shaped press with a force of 6.3 MN installed in the MUF line of 1.0 t, where it is calibrated to the outer diameter by crimping in a die with a tapered channel (Fig. 6). Cutting elimination: Sh1I ellipticity of the forging after dispensing is also achieved by calibrating the forging by the hole in the stamp installed on the same press (6.3 MN) instead of crimping (Fig.7).

The ratio of the width of the hole prior to forging in the diameter of the final forging due to the following data obtained during the experimental work. When stamping a preliminary forging in the form of an elongated ring with a hole width of less than 0.35 (for example, 0.3) of the diameter of the final forging hole, in the process of flattening the seated billet, there is an intense bulging of the middle part of the semi-finished product and insufficient metal flow along the length. As a result, when deforming in a stamping creek, there is a predominant yield of metal in the burr in the middle part along the spacing L of the preliminary forging, difficult filling of the end radius sections of the forging, entanglement of metal fibers. During the metallographic study, there is an instability of the structure of the macrostructure along the contour of the forging, which determines the lack of durability of individual teeth and is unacceptable in the manufacture of tons of yellow loaded coronal gears.

Making preliminary forgings with a hole width of more than 0.5 (for example, 0.55) of the hole diameter

thirty

40

45

50

55

31

final forgings result in final forgings with a satisfactory macrostructure. However, due to the fact that in this case the area of the pierced web is close to that obtained according to standard technology, it is necessary to make a pocket in order to ensure the normal operation of the hammer punch. In addition, the number of hammer blows increases, which determines the use of a higher power hammer, the size of die cubes grows, the metal saving is insignificant, and the introduction of distribution and calibration operations of forgings significantly reduces the economic efficiency of the process.

Thus, the reduced ratio of the width of the preliminary forging hole and the diameter of the final forging is optimal, since it provides ring forgings with minimal metal losses in the web of the pierced hole on a hammer of lower power and on a stamp of smaller dimensions. This reduces the energy consumption for heating the blanks before stamping as a result of reducing their weight, as well as the steam consumption for operating the hammer. In addition, a stable axisymmetric structure of the macrostructure of the manufactured gears is ensured, which, in comparison with the known method, ensures high performance of the parts on the products.

The results of testing for stamping forged coronal gears from steels subjected to chemical-thermal processing show that using the proposed method provides forgings with a uniform macrostructure, high durability of parts and stamping them with less consumption of metal, energy carriers, die steels, less powerful equipment. When stamping forgings of the coronary gears with a diameter of 558 mm, the metal consumption is 85 kg, the metal losses in 1) 1 point of the sewed-in hole.

18 kg. The forging is stamped on a 16 t MUF hammer in 16 consecutive strokes. Chipping and piercing of the hole are performed on a 16 MN crank press, and the forgings are edited on a 6.3 MN hydraulic press installed in the 16 MP tonning hammer line. The preliminary method allows to stamp a preliminary forging on the MPC 10 hammer t for 14 hits. Trimming, flashing of the hole and distribution of the preliminary forging are performed on a press with a force of 10 MN, and calibration on

Curve shpushnuyu press - effort b, Z.MN. As a result of the reduction of metal losses in the bridge of the pierced hole to 9.4 mg, the consumption rate of the metal decreased by 8.8 kg. Macrostructure20

25

thirty

35

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The metal forgings meet the requirements of the technical conditions.

Claims (3)

1. A method of manufacturing ring forgings, mainly gears, including the preparation of a workpiece, its heating, settlement, stamping of a preliminary forging in the form of an elongated ring, cutting around, piercing a hole and final shaping by distribution of a preliminary forging, characterized in that, in order to improve quality details of the expense of improving the macrostructure and increasing efficiency, the workpiece after the precipitation is edged and flattened, and then a preliminary forging is made with a width of 0.35 ... 0.5 diameters meter of the final forging hole, and after distribution, the forging is calibrated by diameter. 45 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the calibration of the forging in diameter is performed by crimping. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the calibration of the forging by diameter is carried out by distribution. The metal forgings meet the requirements of the technical conditions. Invention Formula 1. A method of manufacturing ring forgings, mainly gears, including the preparation of a workpiece, its heating, settlement, stamping of a preliminary forging in the form of an elongated ring, cutting around, piercing a hole and final shaping by distribution of a preliminary forging, characterized in that, in order to improve quality details of the expense of improving the macrostructure and increasing efficiency, the workpiece after the precipitation is turned over and flattened, after which the preliminary forging is stamped with a width of 0.35 ... 0.5 dia. A final forging hole, and after the distribution, the forging is calibrated by diameter. 77/7/7/7 /////////////////////////  fuZ. J Ft 0 " fue.S Bjl FIG. AT . (rig. 7 Editor V. Petrash Compiled by A.Vorontsov Tehred M.Hodanich / T / in / n Description 582Subscription, Order 34JO / 1.31irage ,, VNIIPI State Committee LLbf for inventions and discoveries 113035, Moscow, Zh-35, Raushsk nab., 4/5 Polygraphic enterprise, Uzhgorod, Projecto st., 4 Proofreader S. Shekmar