CN111230037A - Production process of flange for improving utilization rate of raw materials - Google Patents
Production process of flange for improving utilization rate of raw materials Download PDFInfo
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- CN111230037A CN111230037A CN202010045421.1A CN202010045421A CN111230037A CN 111230037 A CN111230037 A CN 111230037A CN 202010045421 A CN202010045421 A CN 202010045421A CN 111230037 A CN111230037 A CN 111230037A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/28—Making machine elements wheels; discs
- B21K1/32—Making machine elements wheels; discs discs, e.g. disc wheels
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Abstract
The invention discloses a production process of a flange for improving the utilization rate of raw materials, which belongs to the technical field of die forging and mainly comprises the following steps: step S1: cutting; step S2: heating; step S3: free forging, namely upsetting the heated blank by using a press machine, and then punching the blank by using a punch to form a central hole; step S4: drawing out, namely hammering the side wall of the blank by using a forging hammer to increase the axial length of the blank; step S5: reaming, namely reaming the central hole of the blank by using a ring rolling mill; step S6: die forging, namely placing the blank into a forging die to form the blank into a workpiece; step S7: removing the flash, and then punching the flash off by using a punching machine; step S8: rough turning, namely performing rough turning on the inner hole of the blank and two axial end faces of the inner hole in sequence. The invention has the effect of improving the utilization rate of raw materials.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of die forging, in particular to a production process of a flange for improving the utilization rate of raw materials.
Background
A flange, also known as a flange collar or flange. The flange is a part for connecting the shaft and the pipe or the pipe and the pipe, and is used for connecting pipe ends; there are also flanges on the inlet and outlet of the device for connection between two devices. One of the most common ways of flange production is forging.
Forging is a processing method which utilizes forging machinery to apply pressure on a metal blank to cause the metal blank to generate plastic deformation so as to obtain a forged piece with certain mechanical property, certain shape and certain size. The defects of as-cast porosity and the like generated in the smelting process of metal can be eliminated through forging, the microstructure is optimized, and meanwhile, because the complete metal streamline is preserved, the mechanical property of the forging is generally superior to that of a casting made of the same material.
At present, the common manufacturing process of the neck flange comprises the following steps S1: cutting, namely cutting the blank from the square blank; step S2: heating, namely placing the blank in a heating furnace for heating, so that the temperature of the blank is higher than the recrystallization temperature and lower than the temperature of a solidus line; step S3: die forging, namely, placing the heated blank on a forging die by using a press machine, and then extruding the blank by using the press machine to form the blank; die forging in the flange forging includes mould and lower mould, and mould cavity groove is all seted up to mould and lower mould, equal fixedly connected with core in the mould cavity groove, when going up mould and lower mould compound die, two mould cavity groove group become with the flange appearance the same to two cores contactless when avoiding the compound die, damage because of two core striking. After swaging, the billet forms a skin at the position of the center hole, so step S4 is also provided: punching a connecting skin, namely utilizing flash and the connecting skin formed in the die forging process of a blank of a press; and step S5, turning, namely turning the flange by using a lathe.
The above prior art solutions have the following drawbacks: when the diameter of the central hole of the product is larger, the volume of the central connecting skin is increased, so that the waste is increased, and the production cost is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a production process of a flange for improving the utilization rate of raw materials, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the utilization rate of the raw materials.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions: a production process of a flange for improving the utilization rate of raw materials mainly comprises the following steps: step S1: cutting, namely cutting the round steel by using a band sawing machine to cut the round steel into a cylindrical blank; step S2: heating, namely placing the blank in a heating furnace for heating, so that the temperature of the blank is higher than the recrystallization temperature and lower than the temperature of a solidus line; step S3: free forging, namely upsetting the heated blank by using a press machine, and then punching the blank by using a punch to form a central hole; step S4: drawing out, namely hammering the side wall of the blank by using a forging hammer to increase the axial length of the blank; step S5: reaming, namely reaming the central hole of the blank by using a ring rolling mill; step S6: die forging, namely placing the blank into a forging die to form the blank into a workpiece; step S7: removing the flash, and then punching the flash off by using a punching machine; step S8: rough turning, namely performing rough turning on the inner hole of the blank and two axial end faces of the inner hole in sequence.
By adopting the technical scheme, the axial length of the blank is shortened by upsetting, and then the punching is carried out, so that the thickness of the waste falling from the punching is reduced, the utilization rate of the raw materials is increased, and the production cost is improved. And drawing out after punching is finished, reducing the outer diameter of the blank, then carrying out ring rolling on the blank to ream the blank to enable the blank to be close to the size of the product, and then placing the product in a forging die for molding.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: in step S3, the blank is punched by a double-sided punching method.
By adopting the technical scheme, the volume of waste generated by punching is further reduced by a double-sided punching method.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: in step S4, a mandrel is first inserted into the central hole of the billet, and then the side wall of the billet is hammered by a hammer to increase the axial length of the billet.
By adopting the technical scheme, the core rod is arranged in the central hole, the influence on the aperture of the central hole during drawing is reduced, the side wall of the blank can be extruded more efficiently, and the drawing efficiency is improved.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: in step S5, the billet is reamed by a horizontal ring rolling mill, and the axial length of the billet is reduced while the center hole of the billet is enlarged.
By adopting the technical scheme, the horizontal ring rolling mill can simultaneously extrude the axial direction of the blank when in reaming, so that the axial length of the blank is reduced, the deformation quantity of a workpiece during forging die is reduced, and the blank is prevented from cracking due to overlarge single deformation quantity.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: in step S6, the forging die includes an upper die and a lower die, an upper groove is formed in a downward end surface of the upper die, a lower groove is formed in an upward end surface of the lower die, the lower die is coaxially and fixedly connected to a center core at a position where the lower die is located in the lower groove, a relief groove is formed in the center core coaxially with the upper die, and when the upper die and the lower die are closed, the upper groove and the lower groove form a die cavity having the same shape as the flange and the center core penetrates the relief groove.
By adopting the technical scheme, the blank is sleeved on the central core, then the press drives the upper die to forge and press the blank, so that the blank generates plastic deformation, and the central core penetrates through the abdicating groove, so that when the upper die and the lower die are combined, the central core cannot generate large pressure, and the forging die is protected; because the central core is arranged in the yielding groove in a penetrating mode, the blank does not flow to the end face of the central core during die forging, and therefore continuous skin cannot be formed.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: the central core is a circular truncated cone, one end of the central core, which is close to the lower die, is a large-diameter end, and the inclination of the side wall of the central core is
Wherein
。
By adopting the technical scheme, the side wall of the central core has a slight inclination, so that the product is convenient to demould.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: annular flash grooves are formed in the upper die and the lower die and communicated with the die cavity.
By adopting the technical scheme, when die forging is carried out, the surplus amount of the blank is accommodated by the flash groove, and the surplus amount forms the flash in the flash groove.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: one end of the bottom wall of the flash tank, which is close to the die cavity, is fixedly connected with a baffle ring, and a gap is reserved between the two baffle rings.
By adopting the technical scheme, the blocking ring is utilized to block the blank, the resistance of the blank entering the flash groove is increased, the die cavity is filled with the blank preferentially in the deformation process, and the blank flows to the flash groove.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: and step S, arranging a blanking groove with the same workpiece appearance at the upper end of the deburring die, arranging a discharge groove on the side wall of the deburring die, and communicating the discharge groove and the blanking groove.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, prevent to send the work piece on the lower mould and be located the charging chute, because the existence of overlap, the overlap can be contradicted in the upper surface of lower mould to make the work piece unsettled in the charging chute, start the press, utilize the press to drive the mould rebound, the drift is contradicted on the work piece, makes the work piece rebound, thereby makes work piece and overlap separation, and the upper surface at the lower mould is stayed to the overlap, and the work piece falls into the charging chute, makes the separation of overlap and work piece.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: and turning the excircle of the workpiece by taking the inner circle of the workpiece as a reference, and then turning the end face of the workpiece by taking the excircle as a reference.
By adopting the technical scheme, no flash is formed on the inner circle of the workpiece, so that the inner circle is smoother, and the accuracy of the outer circle can be improved by taking the inner circle as a reference.
In summary, the invention includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
firstly, upsetting to shorten the axial length of a blank, then punching, so that the thickness of waste materials falling from punching is reduced, the utilization rate of raw materials is increased, the production cost is improved, drawing is carried out after punching is finished, the outer diameter of the blank is reduced, then a ring rolling mill is carried out on the blank to ream the blank, the axial length of the blank is reduced while the central hole of the blank is enlarged, the size of the blank is close to that of a product, and then the product is placed in a forging die for forming;
secondly, the central core is utilized to keep the central hole of the workpiece to be formed, the upper die is provided with a relief groove coaxial with the central core, when the upper die and the lower die are closed, the central core cannot be pressurized, namely, a forging die is protected, and meanwhile, a blank cannot flow to the end face of the central core during die forging, so that a connecting skin cannot be formed;
thirdly, the blank is punched by a double-sided punching method, so that the volume of waste generated by punching is further reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a forging step according to the present embodiment;
fig. 2 is a sectional view of the present embodiment for showing a forging die;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of portion A of FIG. 2;
fig. 4 is a sectional view of the deflashing mold according to the embodiment.
Reference numerals: 100. forging a die; 101. an upper die; 102. a lower die; 103. an upper groove; 104. a lower groove; 105. a central core; 106. a yielding groove; 107. a trimming groove; 108. a baffle ring; 200. removing the flash die; 201. a charging chute; 202. a discharge chute.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example (b): as shown in fig. 1, the production process of the flange for improving the utilization rate of raw materials disclosed by the invention comprises the following steps:
step S1: and cutting, namely cutting the round steel by using a band sawing machine to cut the round steel into a plurality of blanks. The weight of each blank is 1.05-1.15 times of the weight of the qualified flange.
Step S2: heating, namely placing the blank in a heating furnace for heating. The heating furnace is a natural gas furnace, the internal temperature of the natural gas heating furnace is 1180-1220 ℃, and the blank is placed in the heating furnace to be heated for two hours, so that the temperature of the blank is close to but not higher than the temperature of the solidus line of the blank.
In step S3, the heated billet is upset by a hammer to increase the diameter and shorten the length of the billet. The outer diameter of the product after upsetting is more than 1.5 times, preferably 2 times of the outer diameter of the qualified flange. And then punching the blank by using a punch to form a central hole. And the punching is carried out after upsetting, so that the thickness of waste generated by punching can be reduced, the volume of the waste is reduced, and the utilization rate of raw materials is improved. The punching method is preferably a double-sided punching method, and the volume of waste generated by punching can be further reduced.
Step S4: drawing out, firstly, a core rod is arranged in a central hole of the blank in a penetrating mode, then the blank is placed on a forging hammer, and the central axis of the blank is horizontally arranged. The forging hammer uses the mandrel as the rotating center to continuously rotate the blank while hammering the side wall of the blank, thereby reducing the wall thickness of the blank, reducing the outer diameter of the blank and increasing the axial length of the blank. The diameter of the central hole of the drawn blank is smaller than that of the central hole of the qualified flange, the outer diameter of the blank is smaller than that of the qualified flange, and the axial length of the blank is larger than that of the qualified flange.
Step S5: and (3) reaming, namely placing the drawn blank on a horizontal ring rolling machine, and reaming the blank by using the horizontal ring rolling machine to enlarge the central hole of the blank and simultaneously reduce the axial length of the blank. The inner diameter of the reamed blank is larger than the inner diameter of the qualified flange, the outer diameter of the blank is smaller than the outer diameter of the qualified flange, and the axial length of the blank is still larger than that of the qualified flange.
Step S6: and (4) die forging, namely placing the blank into a forging die to form the blank into a workpiece.
As shown in fig. 2, the forging die 100 includes an upper die 101 and a lower die 102, an upper groove 103 is formed on a downward end surface of the upper die 101, a lower groove 104 is formed on an upward end surface of the lower die 102, and when the upper die 101 and the lower die 102 are closed, the upper groove 103 and the lower groove 104 form a cavity having the same shape as the flange.
As shown in fig. 2, a center core 105 is coaxially and fixedly connected to the lower mold 102 at a position of the lower groove 104, and the upper mold 101 is provided with an avoiding groove 106 coaxially arranged with the center core 105. When the upper mold 101 and the lower mold 102 are clamped, inThe core 105 is inserted into the offset groove 106, and the upper end of the core 105 is spaced from the top of the offset groove 106. The diameter of the central core 105 is smaller than the inner diameter of the qualified flange, so that enough machining allowance is left for the formed blank. For convenience of demolding, the central core 105 is a circular truncated cone, one end of the central core 105 close to the lower die 102 is a large-diameter end, and the inclination of the side wall of the central core 105 is
Wherein
。
As shown in fig. 2, the blank is fitted over the central core 105, and the press drives the upper die 101 to apply an axial pressure to the blank, so that the blank forms a plastically deformed flange. Since the upper end of the center core 105 is spaced from the top end of the relief groove 106, when the upper die 101 and the lower die 102 are closed, a large pressure is not applied to the center core 105, thereby protecting the forging die 100. Since the upper end of the center core 105 is inserted into the relief groove 106 during mold clamping, the billet does not flow to the end face of the center core 105 during swaging, and no connecting skin is formed.
As shown in fig. 3, the upper die 101 and the lower die 102 are both provided with annular flash grooves 107, and the flash grooves 107 are communicated with the die cavity. In the die forging, the excess amount of the blank is accommodated in the burr groove 107, and the excess amount forms burrs in the burr groove 107. One end of the bottom wall of the flash groove 107 close to the mold cavity is fixedly connected with a baffle ring 108, and a gap is reserved between the two baffle rings 108. The baffle ring 108 is used for blocking the blank, so that the resistance of the blank entering the flash groove 107 is increased, the die cavity is filled preferentially in the blank deformation process, and the blank flows to the flash groove 107.
Step S7: deflashing is performed on the flange in step S6 using the deflashing mold 200.
The upper end of the deburring die 200 is provided with a blanking groove 201 with the same workpiece appearance, the flange is placed on the deburring die 200 and is positioned in the blanking groove 201, and due to the existence of the deburring, the deburring can abut against the upper surface of the deburring die 200, so that the flange is suspended in the blanking groove 201. And starting the forging hammer, and extruding the flange by using the forging hammer to enable the flange to move downwards so as to separate the flange from the flash. The flash is left on the upper surface of the deflashing mold 200, and the flange falls into the blanking groove 201, so that the flash is separated from the workpiece.
In order to facilitate taking out of the workpiece in the blanking groove 201, the side wall of the lower die 102 is provided with a discharge groove 202, the discharge groove 202 is communicated with the blanking groove 201, and the flange after the deburring is finished can be taken out of the discharge groove 202.
Step S8: rough turning, turning the excircle of the workpiece by taking the inner circle of the workpiece as a reference, and then turning the end face of the workpiece by taking the excircle as a reference. The inner circle of the workpiece is not provided with fins, so that the inner circle is smoother, and the accuracy of the outer circle can be improved by taking the inner circle as a reference.
The specific working principle of this embodiment is as follows: upsetting to shorten the axial length of the blank, then punching, thereby reducing the thickness reduction of waste materials falling from punching, increasing the utilization rate of raw materials, improving the production cost, drawing out after punching is finished, reducing the outer diameter of the blank, then carrying out ring rolling on the blank to ream the blank, expanding the central hole of the blank, simultaneously reducing the axial length of the blank, enabling the blank to be close to the size of a product, and then placing the product in a forging die for forming;
the present embodiment is only for explaining the present invention, and it is not limited to the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A production process of a flange for improving the utilization rate of raw materials mainly comprises the following steps: step S1: cutting, namely cutting the round steel by using a band sawing machine to cut the round steel into a cylindrical blank; step S2: heating, namely placing the blank in a heating furnace for heating, so that the temperature of the blank is higher than the recrystallization temperature and lower than the temperature of a solidus line; step S3: free forging, namely upsetting the heated blank by using a press machine, and then punching the blank by using a punch to form a central hole; step S4: drawing out, namely hammering the side wall of the blank by using a forging hammer to increase the axial length of the blank; step S5: reaming, namely reaming the central hole of the blank by using a ring rolling mill; step S6: die forging, namely placing the blank on a forging die (100) to form the blank into a workpiece; step S7: removing the flash, and then punching the flash off by using a punching machine; step S8: rough turning, namely performing rough turning on the inner hole of the blank and two axial end faces of the inner hole in sequence.
2. The production process of the flange for improving the raw material utilization rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S3, the blank is punched by a double-sided punching method.
3. The production process of the flange for improving the raw material utilization rate according to claim 2, characterized in that: in step S4, a mandrel is first inserted into the central hole of the billet, and then the side wall of the billet is hammered by a hammer to increase the axial length of the billet.
4. A process for producing a flange with improved utilization of raw materials according to claim 3, wherein: in step S5, the billet is reamed by a horizontal ring rolling mill, and the axial length of the billet is reduced while the center hole of the billet is enlarged.
5. A process for producing a flange with improved utilization of raw materials according to claim 3, wherein: in step S6, the forging die (100) includes an upper die (101) and a lower die (102), an upper groove (103) is formed in a downward end surface of the upper die (101), a lower groove (104) is formed in an upward end surface of the lower die (102), the lower die (102) is coaxially and fixedly connected with a center core (105) at a position where the lower groove (104) is located, the upper die (101) is formed with a yielding groove (106) which is coaxially arranged in the center core (105), the upper groove (104) and the lower groove (104) form a die cavity having the same shape as the flange when the upper die (101) and the lower die (102) are closed, and the center core (105) penetrates into the yielding groove (106).
6. A production process of a flange for improving the utilization rate of raw materials according to claim 5, characterized in that: the central core (105) is a circular truncated cone, one end of the central core (105) close to the lower die (102) is a large-diameter end, and the inclination of the side wall of the central core (105) is
Wherein
。
7. A production process of a flange for improving the utilization rate of raw materials according to claim 6, characterized in that: annular flash grooves (107) are formed in the upper die (101) and the lower die (102), and the flash grooves (107) are communicated with the die cavity.
8. A production process of a flange for improving the utilization rate of raw materials according to claim 7, characterized in that: one end, close to the die cavity, of the bottom wall of the flash groove (107) is fixedly connected with a baffle ring (108), and a gap is reserved between the two baffle rings (108).
9. The production process of the flange for improving the raw material utilization rate according to claim 8, characterized in that: in the step S5, a blanking groove (201) having the same workpiece shape is formed in the upper end of the deburring die (200), discharge grooves (202) (107) are formed in the side walls of the deburring die (200), and the discharge grooves (202) are communicated with the blanking groove (201).
10. A process for producing a flange for improving the utilization rate of raw materials according to claim 9, wherein: and turning the excircle of the workpiece by taking the inner circle of the workpiece as a reference, and then turning the end face of the workpiece by taking the excircle as a reference.
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| CN202010045421.1A CN111230037A (en) | 2020-01-16 | 2020-01-16 | Production process of flange for improving utilization rate of raw materials |
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Cited By (6)
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| CN112518244A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-03-19 | 河北鑫泰重工有限公司 | Manufacturing process of novel flange |
| CN112570609A (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2021-03-30 | 江苏保捷锻压有限公司 | Forging process of inner straight hole piece |
| CN113020527A (en) * | 2021-03-19 | 2021-06-25 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | Closed large-size copper-nickel alloy BFe30-1-1 flange forming die and processing method |
| CN113305360A (en) * | 2021-04-06 | 2021-08-27 | 无锡华轶法兰有限公司 | Flange production process |
| CN113878077A (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2022-01-04 | 中车资阳机车有限公司 | Shoulder cutter for forging large flange and forging method |
| CN116275925A (en) * | 2023-05-12 | 2023-06-23 | 山西奔马铸锻有限公司 | Symmetrical flange forging processing technology |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112518244A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-03-19 | 河北鑫泰重工有限公司 | Manufacturing process of novel flange |
| CN112570609A (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2021-03-30 | 江苏保捷锻压有限公司 | Forging process of inner straight hole piece |
| CN113020527A (en) * | 2021-03-19 | 2021-06-25 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | Closed large-size copper-nickel alloy BFe30-1-1 flange forming die and processing method |
| CN113305360A (en) * | 2021-04-06 | 2021-08-27 | 无锡华轶法兰有限公司 | Flange production process |
| CN113305360B (en) * | 2021-04-06 | 2024-05-14 | 无锡华轶法兰有限公司 | Flange production process |
| CN113878077A (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2022-01-04 | 中车资阳机车有限公司 | Shoulder cutter for forging large flange and forging method |
| CN116275925A (en) * | 2023-05-12 | 2023-06-23 | 山西奔马铸锻有限公司 | Symmetrical flange forging processing technology |
| CN116275925B (en) * | 2023-05-12 | 2023-08-15 | 山西奔马铸锻有限公司 | Symmetrical flange forging processing technology |
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