SU1294820A1 - Method for refining cottonseed oil - Google Patents

Description

11294820

The invention relates to the oil and fat industry and can be used to refine cottonseed oil.

Oils obtained from a mixture of cotton, contain specific substances - gossypol, gossifosfatidy and others. Derivatives of gossypol paint oils in dark brown.

time as e |} x}) ect raffin at the same level. The formed oil of the solution of polyvalent metals is less than 10% of the non-sustained activity of the particles, with the resultant degree of coloring substances decreasing the concentration of the salt solution

have toxic properties; deteriorated metals more than 20%

schA quality and presentation of the oil.

The aim of the invention is to increase the yield of the target product due to a change in alkaline treatment regimes and the introduction of a new purification stage - treatment with solutions of metal chlorides selected from the group: calcium, aluminum.

Research has shown that during the processing of neutralized oil with metal chloride solutions, the structure of soap stock changes. As a result of the exchange reaction, a layer of salt molecules of fatty acids with polyvalent metals appears due to the exchange reaction of the soapstock particles formed during the process of neutralizing the oil, due to which sorption of coloring substances

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 25

separation of soap stock due to the loss of its mobility increases the oil stock of the stock stock.

The optimum amount of salts of polyvalent metals is 0.1 0.2% by weight of the oil. With a smaller amount of salts of polyvalent metals, the effect of sorption of paint substances decreases, and decreasing the consumption of salts by more than 0.2% makes it difficult to separate the drain from the oil, thereby reducing the yield of the finished product.

Example 1. 1 kg of extraction cottonseed oil with an acid number of 7 kg KOH chromaticity 60 red units. at 35 yellow in a layer of oil 1 cm thick, containing 0.58% bound gossypol and 1.82% phosphate, is neutralized with an alkali solution

compounds of gossypol significantly with a concentration of 200 g / l, which increased with aging. The need for large excess of 0.5% by weight of the oil, alkali oxides for the chemical destruction of dyestuffs is eliminated, which prevents sootting of neutral fat and encapsulation of alkali

Neutralization is carried out in frequency

The reactor grew with a stirrer at a torus rotation frequency of 20 s and a temperature of 26 ° C. In order to enter neutralized oil, a 20% CaCI solution was introduced in an amount of 0.1% by weight of the oil. After stirring at 55 ° C for 10 min, the precipitate formed is separated by centrifugal separation.

It was also established that treating the oil with an alkali solution with a concentration of less than 200 g / l does not ensure the removal of the production of aqueous forms of gossypol capable of reacting with the alkali. As a result, the color of the refined oil increases. On the other hand, the use of an alkali solution with a concentration of more than 250 g / l, although it provides an oil of standard color, causes a refined yield of refined oil due to its syrup.

The amount of excess alkali vs theoretically necessary for neutralizing free fatty acids is 0.3-0.5% by weight of the oil. The use of alkali with an excess of less than 0.3% does not allow to achieve the necessary effect of removing derivative forms of gossypol. An excess of alkali more than 0.5% leads to an increase in the consumption of salts of polyvalent metals, while

time, as e |} x}), the refining pattern remains unchanged. The treatment of un-neutralized oil with a solution of salts of polyvalent metals with a concentration of less than 10% does not provide surface activity of stock flow particles, and as a result, the degree of sorption of coloring substances decreases. When the concentration of the salt solution is polyvalent

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25

the separation of soap stock due to the loss of its mobility increases the oil stock of the stock stock.

The optimum amount of salts of polyvalent metals is 0.1-0.2% by weight of the oil. With a smaller amount of salts of polyvalent metals, the effect of sorption of coloring substances decreases, and an increase in salt consumption by more than 0.2% makes it difficult to separate soap stock from the oil, thereby reducing the yield of the finished product.

Example 1. 1 kg of extraction cotton oil with an acid number of 7 kg KOH chromaticity 60 red units. at 35 yellow in a layer of oil 1 cm thick, containing 0.58% bound gossypol and 1.82% phosphate, is neutralized with an alkali solution

- with a concentration of 200 g / l, taken with an excess of 0.5% by weight of oil, t

200 g / l, taken with an excess of 0.5% by weight of the oil, the neutralization is carried out in the frequency

ro reactor

with a stirrer at a torus rotation frequency of 20 s and a temperature of 26 ° C. Then a 20% CaCl solution in an amount of 0.1% by weight of the oil is introduced into the neutralized oil. After stirring at 55 ° C for 10 min. The precipitate is separated by centrifugation and the oil is washed and dried.

In order to determine the effectiveness of the proposed method, the oil was refined in parallel using a known emulsion method. The maspo was neutralized with an alkali solution with a concentration of 300 g / l, taken with an excess of 1.0% by weight of the oil.

The quality indicators of refined oils are given in table. one.

As can be seen from the data obtained, the oil refined according to the proposed eMOM_t method contains 2.5 times less phosphatides, 5 times less than the bound gossypol than the oil refined according to the known method. The color of the oil refined by the proposed method is 2.0 red units, less, and the yield is 4.0%

more than the refined emulsion method.

Examples 2-9 (comparative). . The process is carried out analogously to example 1. The parameters and results of the process are presented in table. 2,

Approximately 10. I kg of extraction cotton oil with an acid number of 11 mg KOH of 70 red units, with 35 yellow in a 1 cm thick layer containing 1.64% phosphate, 0.63% bound gossypol, neutralized with an alkali solution 250 g / l, taken with an excess of 0.3% by weight of the oil. Then 2 g of AlCl is introduced into the neutralized oil in the form of a 10% solution, heated for 15 minutes. Thereafter, the precipitate formed is separated by cent- (Roughing, and the oil is washed and dried. At the same time, it is refined according to a known method with an alkali solution with a concentration of 400 g / l, taken with an excess of 1.5% by weight of the oil.

The quality indicators of refined cotton oils are given in

tab. 3. I

From the data given in table. 3, it can be seen that the proposed method provides an increase in the yield of refined oil with a lower color, lower phosphate content and bound gossypol.

Example P. 1 kg of an extraction cotton oil with an acid number of 13.6 KOH and a color of 80 red units at 35 yellow in a 1 cm thick layer containing 1.70% phosphatides, 0.84% bound gossypol, is neutralized with an alkali solution of 240 g / l, taken with an excess of 0.4% by weight of the oil, at. Then the neutralized oil is treated with a solution of a salt of CaCl1 concentrations of 15%, taken in an amount of 0.15% by weight of the oil, at. The treatment is carried out in a stirred reactor with a rotor speed of 20 for

10 min. The precipitate formed is separated by centrifugation, and the oil is pro- washed and dried.

In parallel, cotton oil is neutralized by a known method.

Quality indicators of refined cotton oils are given in table. four.

From the data table. 4 shows that the oil, refined according to the proposed method, contains less phosphatides, SBYAZ 1 gossypol and has a color of 5 units. red lower than oil, refined by a known method. The proposed method allows to increase the yield of refined oil by 5.9%.

0 Example 12.1 kg of extraction cotton oil with an acid number of 11.4 mg KOH color 63 red units. in a layer thickness of 1.0 cm refined by the proposed method.

5 For this, the oil is neutralized with an alkali solution with a concentration of 215 g / l, taken with an excess of 0.28% by weight, at 27 C. Then the neutralized oil is treated with a solution of salt

0 CAC concentration of 17.0%, taken in an amount of 0.21% by weight of the oil, at 55 ° C. The treatment is carried out in a stirred reactor at a rotor speed of 22 seconds for 480 seconds. The precipitate formed is separated by centrifugation, and the oil is washed and dried.

At the same time carried out the refining by a known method. For this, the oil is treated with an alkali solution.

0 at a concentration of 540 g / l, taken with an excess of 0.43% by weight of the oil, for 52 seconds in a homogenizer with a turbulent mixing regime. Mixing is carried out at 24 ° C, then the resulting mixture is heated to 69 ° C under turbulent stirring for 60 seconds, doused and the formed soap stock is separated by centrifugation.

The results are shown in Table. five.

5129Л820

Table 1

Acid number, mg KOH

Content,% phosphatides

: related gossypol

0.29

0.040.10

0.002 0.01

The color of the units of the color is 0.33 10, with 35 yellow in the layer of toli (another

15

Continued table.

table 2

Oil, refined according to the method

suggested known I nomu

. 0.34 0.38

0.01 0.08

0.005 0.03 9.0 14.0

73,267,3

Compiled by A. Evstigneev Editor N. Egorova Tekhred L. Oleinik

Order 559/26 Edition 380

VNSHSHI USSR State Committee

for inventions and discoveries 113035, Moscow, Zh-35, Raushsk nab., 4/5

Production and printing company, Uzhgorod, st. Project, 4

Acid number, mg KOH

Chromaticity, red units at 35 yellow in a layer thickness of 1.0 cm

Output, %

0.21 0.22

6.0 79.4

8.0 75.6

Proofreader E. Roshko

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Claims (1)

METHOD FOR CLEANING COTTON AND OIL by treating the initial May. that, in order to increase the yield of the target product, the cleaning process is carried out at an alkali concentration of 200-250 g / l, followed by treatment of the resulting oil with a 10-20% aqueous solution of metal chloride selected from the group: calcium, aluminum, at a temperature of 5055 C in an amount of 0.1-0.2 wt.%. z \ S ω cz N0 with © N0