SU1280336A1

SU1280336A1 - Compensation vibration meter

Info

Publication number: SU1280336A1
Application number: SU853939059A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Анатолий Яковлевич Шенфельд
Original assignee: Shenfeld Anatolij Ya
Priority date: 1985-08-08
Filing date: 1985-08-08
Publication date: 1986-12-30

Abstract

Изобретение относитс к измерительной технике. Целью изобретени вл етс повьшение точности измерени за счет ликвидации погрешностей , вносимых системой отсчета угла поворота и системой силового уравновешивани Устройство содержит основание , опорный узел, ма тник с инерционным грузом и флажком, преобразователь некомпенсации, компенсацион .ный электродвигатель со статором. ротором и зеркальным многогранником, который позвол ет с помощью осветите-, л формировать световой зайчик на два фотопреобразовател . Перемещающеес основание воздействует на ма тник с флажком к преобразователь не- компенсации, который вырабатьтает сигнал, попадак ций на обмотки статора электродвигател . Ротор поворачиваетс вместе с зеркальным многогранником . При этом на фотопреобразовател х формируютс импульсы различной длительности, как фоточувствительные площадки фотопреобразователей имеют различную длину, . г (Л т.е. передний фронт импульсов с фотопреобразователей сдвинут относи- сительно друг друга, a задний фронт совпадает, что позвол ет отследить реверс. 2 ил.This invention relates to a measurement technique. The aim of the invention is to improve the accuracy of measurement due to the elimination of errors introduced by the system of reference of the angle of rotation and the system of force balancing. The device contains a base, a support node, a pilot with inertial load and a flag, a non-compensation converter, a compensation motor with a stator. a rotor and a mirror polyhedron, which makes it possible to form a light spot into two photoconverters with the help of light. The moving base acts on a flag with a flag to the non-compensation converter, which generates a signal that hits on the stator windings of the electric motor. The rotor rotates with the mirror polyhedron. In this case, pulses of various duration are formed on the photoconverters, as the photosensitive areas of the photoconverters have different lengths,. d (L, i.e., the front of the pulses from the photoconverters is shifted relative to each other, and the rear front coincides, which allows tracing the reverse. 2 Il.

Description

Изобретение относитс к измерительной технике и может быть использовано дл измерени параметров низкочастотных вибраций.The invention relates to a measurement technique and can be used to measure the parameters of low-frequency vibrations.

Целью изобретени вл етс повьше- ние точности измерени низкочастотных колебаний за счет ликвидации погрешностей , вносимых системой отсчета угла поворота и системой силового уравновешивани .The aim of the invention is to increase the accuracy of measuring low-frequency oscillations by eliminating errors introduced by the angle of rotation reference system and force-balancing system.

На фиг.1 представлена схема конструкции компенсационного виброметра ,- на фиг.2 - временна диаграмма образовани импуль/сов на выходах диф- ференцирующих цепочек выходного устройства при движении ротора по и против часовой стрелки.Fig. 1 shows a diagram of the construction of a compensation vibrometer;

Компенсационньш виброметр содержит основание 1, на котором с помощью опорного узла 2, состо щего из горизонтальных упругих торсионов 3 и радиальных упругих лент 4, образую- п(их совместно ось чувствительностиThe compensating vibrometer contains a base 1, on which, using a support unit 2 consisting of horizontal elastic torsions 3 and radial elastic tapes 4, forms n (together they are the axis of sensitivity

О,О ,;, закреплен ма тник 5 с неуравO, O,;, fixed tutorial 5 with unrest

новешенным инерционным грузом 6 с массой т, тарировочными гайками 7 и флажком 8 преобразовател 9 некомпенсации . Внутри ма тника 5 по оси Oj-.O закреплен компенсационньй .электродвигатель, 10 со статором 11 и ротором 12, установленным на опорах 13. Статор 11 снабжен обмотками 14 управлени , а ротор 12 - вращающимс вместе с ним зеркальным многогранником 15, на грани 16 которого попадает от осветител 17, через конденсатор 18 и диафрагму 19 световой зайчик 20, отражаемый далее на два фотопреобразовател 21 и 22 которые имеют разную длину и установлены так, что передний фронт 23 фотопреобразовател 21 сдвинут на рассто ние Д 6 относительно переднего фронта 24 фотопреобразовател 22, а их задние фронты 25 и 26 совпадают , два формировател 27 и 28, две дифференцирующие цепочки 29 и 30, две пары вентилей 31, 32 и 33, 34, две схемы 35 и 36 совпадени , два буферных устройства 37 и 38, реверсивный счетчик 39 импульсов с входами 41 и 40 и отсчетное устройство 42. Выходы фотопреобразователей 21 и 22 соединены соответственно каждый че- рез два формировател 27 и 28 импульсов с входами дифференцирующих цепочек 29 и 30. Выход дифференцирующей цепочки 29 через пр мойwith a new inertial load 6 with mass t, calibration nuts 7 and flag 8 of the converter 9 non-compensation. Inside the tomb 5, an Oj-.O axis is fixed by a compensating electric motor, 10 with a stator 11 and a rotor 12 mounted on the supports 13. The stator 11 is equipped with control windings 14, and the rotor 12 with a rotating polyhedron 15 rotating with it, 16 which comes from the illuminator 17, through the capacitor 18 and the diaphragm 19, the light hare 20, reflected further by two photoconverters 21 and 22 which have different lengths and are set so that the leading front 23 of the photoconverter 21 is shifted by a distance D 6 relative to the leading front 24 a rotator 22, and their trailing edges 25 and 26 coincide, two formers 27 and 28, two differentiating chains 29 and 30, two pairs of valves 31, 32 and 33, 34, two circuits 35 and 36, two buffer devices 37 and 38, a reversible counter of 39 pulses with inputs 41 and 40 and a reading device 42. The outputs of photoconverters 21 and 22 are connected, respectively, through two formers 27 and 28 pulses to the inputs of the differentiating chains 29 and 30. The output of the differentiating chain 29 through direct

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О Q д About Q d

вентнпь 32 св зан с первым входом схемы 36 совпадени , а через обратный вентиль 31 св зан с первым входом схемы 35 совпадени , выход дифференцирующей цепочки 30 через пр мой вентиль 34 св зан с вторым входом схемы 36 совпадени , а через обратньм вентиль 33 св зан с вторым входом схемы 35 совпадени , выход которой через буферное устройство 37 св зан с входом 40 реверсивного счетчика 39 импульсов, вход 41 которого через буферное устройство 38 св зан с выходом схемы 36 совпадени , выход реверсивного счетчика 39 св зан с входом отсчетного устройства 42,vent 32 is connected to the first input of the coincidence circuit 36, and via a return valve 31 is connected with the first input of the coincidence circuit 35, the output of the differentiating chain 30 through the direct valve 34 is connected with the second input of the coincidence circuit 36, and through the return valve 33 it communicates with the second input of the coincidence circuit 35, the output of which through the buffer device 37 is connected to the input 40 of the reversible counter 39 pulses, the input 41 of which through the buffer device 38 is connected with the output of the coincidence circuit 36, the output of the reversible counter 39 connected with the input of the reading device 42,

Преобразователь 9 некомпенсации, формирующий электрический сигнал uVgi , пропорциональный угловому отклонению utp , соединен с операционным интегратором 43, далее последовательно с усилителем 44 мощности и безмоментными токоподводами 45 с обмотками 14 управлени . Генератор 46 служит дл питани преобразовател 9 некомпенсации и опе1 ационно- го интегратора 43 высокочастотным сигналом, а источник 47 питани - дл подпитки системы отсчета угла поворота q) .A non-compensating converter 9, which forms an uVgi electric signal proportional to the angular deviation utp, is connected to an operational integrator 43, then in series with a power amplifier 44 and moment-free current leads 45 with control windings 14. The generator 46 serves to power the non-compensating converter 9 and the operational integrator 43 with a high-frequency signal, and the power source 47 to feed the rotation angle reference system q).

Компенсационньй виброметр работает следукнцим образом.The compensation vibrometer operates in the following way.

При перемещении основани 1 на величину X с ускорением, в направлении , перпендикул рном оси О, - 0 ма тник 5 получает отклонение на угол лср , отклон етс флажок 8, и преобразователь 9 некомпенсации вырабатывает сигнал разбаланса iVg , которьй через операционный интегратор 43 и усилитель 44 попадает в обмотки 14 управлени статора 11, создающего момент вращени ротора 12, чтобы вернуть ма тник 5 в исходное состо ние.When the base 1 moves by the X value with acceleration, in the direction perpendicular to the axis O, - 0, the 5 receives a deviation by the angle LSF, the flag 8 is rejected, and the non-compensation converter 9 produces an iVg unbalance signal, which through the operational integrator 43 and the amplifier 44 enters the windings 14 of the control of the stator 11, which creates the torque of the rotor 12, in order to return the case 5 to the initial state.

Угол поворота q) ротора 12 пропорционален перемещению X. Измер емьй угол ср при вращении зеркального многогранника 15 преобразуетс в последовательность перемещений светового зайчика 20 по фотопреобразовател м 21 и 22, при этом образуютс импульсы различной длительности, так что и в форми1)овател х 27 и 28 импульсов также создаютс пр моугольные импульсы различной длительности t, и t. В результате временногоThe rotation angle q) of the rotor 12 is proportional to the displacement of X. The measured angle cf when the mirror polyhedron 15 rotates is converted into a sequence of movements of the light spot 20 along the photoconverters 21 and 22, and pulses of different duration are formed, so that 28 pulses also generate rectangular pulses of different durations t, and t. As a result of temporary

различи после дифференцирующих цепочек 29 и 30 выходные импульсы от фотопреобразователей 21 и 22, соответствующие передним фронтам, при вращении по часовой стрелке различны а задние совпадают, а при вращении против часовой стрелки наоборот - импульсы от передних фронтов совпадают , а от задних - различны (фиг.2) Схемы 35 и 36 совпадени , на которые указанные импульсы поступают через вентили 31-34, запускают через буферные устройства 37 и 38 реверсивны счетчик 41 на набор или на сброс числа импульсов, пропорционального угловому развороту cf и перемещению X, при этом текущий результат поступает на отсчетное устройство 42,Differences after differentiating chains 29 and 30 output pulses from photoconverters 21 and 22, corresponding to the leading fronts, when rotated clockwise are different and the rear ones coincide, and when rotated counterclockwise, vice versa - the pulses from the leading fronts coincide and from the rear ones are different (FIG. .2) Circuits 35 and 36 coincidence, to which the indicated pulses go through the gates 31-34, run through the buffer devices 37 and 38 reversible the counter 41 to dial or to reset the number of pulses proportional to the angular rotation cf and moved Yu X, while the current result is fed to readout unit 42,

Claims

The invention relates to a measurement technique and can be used to measure the parameters of low frequency vibrations. The aim of the invention is to improve the accuracy of measurement of low-frequency oscillations due to the elimination of errors introduced by the system of turning off the angle of rotation and the system of force balancing. Fig. 1 shows a diagram of the construction of a compensation vibrometer; A compensating vibrometer contains a base 1, on which, using a support unit 2 consisting of horizontal elastic torsions 3 and radial elastic bands 4, is formed (together their axis of sensitivity O,;, fixed is a 5 with an unbalanced inertial load 6 with a mass t, the calibration nuts 7 and the flag 8 of the non-cooperative converter 9. Inside the tiller 5 along the axis Oj-.O there is a compensation electric motor, 10 with a stator 11 and a rotor 12 mounted on the supports 13. The stator 11 is provided with control windings 14 and the rotor 12 - rotating together with it is a mirror multifog 15, on the verge 16 which falls from the illuminator 17, through the capacitor 18 and the diaphragm 19, the light hare 20, reflected further on two photoconverters 21 and 22 which have different lengths and are set so that the front front 23 of the photomultiplier converter 21 shifted to a distance of D 6 relative to the front of the 24 transducer 22, and their rear fronts 25 and 26 are the same, two formers 27 and 28, two differentiating chains 29 and 30, two pairs of gates 31, 32 and 33, 34, two circuits 35 and 36 matches, two double devices 37 and 38, reversible with a pulse clock 39 of pulses with inputs 41 and 40 and a readout device 42. The outputs of the photovoltaic converters 21 and 2 are connected, each through two pulse former 27 and 28 pulses, to the inputs of the differentiating chains 29 and 30. The output of the differentiating chain 29 is connected to the first input a matching circuit 36, and through a return valve 31 is connected to the first input of the matching circuit 35, the output of the differentiating chain 30 is connected via a direct valve 34 to the second input of the matching circuit 36, and through the return valve 33 is connected to the second input of the same circuit 35 and, the output of which through the buffer device 37 is connected with the input 40 of the reversible counter 39 pulses, the input 41 of which through the buffer device 38 is connected with the output of the coincidence circuit 36, the output of the reversing counter 39 is connected with the input of the reading device 42, the non-compensation converter 9, which forms An electric signal uVgi, proportional to the angular deviation utp, is connected to the operating integrator 43, then in series with the power amplifier 44 and momentless current leads 45 with the control windings 14. The generator 46 serves to power the non-compensating converter 9 and the operational integrator 43 with a high-frequency signal, and the power source 47 to feed the rotation angle reference system q). The compensation vibrometer operates in the following way. When the base 1 moves by the X value with acceleration, in the direction perpendicular to the axis O, - 0, the 5 receives a deviation by the angle LSF, the flag 8 is rejected, and the non-compensation converter 9 produces an iVg unbalance signal, which through the operational integrator 43 and the amplifier 44 enters the windings 14 of the control of the stator 11, which creates the torque of the rotor 12, in order to return the case 5 to the initial state. The rotation angle q) of the rotor 12 is proportional to the displacement of X. The measured angle cf when the mirror polyhedron 15 rotates is converted into a sequence of movements of the light spot 20 along the photoconverters 21 and 22, and pulses of different duration are formed, so that 28 pulses also generate rectangular pulses of different durations t, and t. As a result of the time difference after differentiating chains 29 and 30, the output pulses from the photoconverters 21 and 22, corresponding to the front edges, when rotated clockwise are different and the rear ones coincide, and when rotated counterclockwise, vice versa, the pulses from the front fronts coincide, and from the rear ones (FIG. 2) Circuits 35 and 36 coincidence, to which the indicated pulses go through the gates 31-34, run through the buffer devices 37 and 38 reversible the counter 41 to dial or to reset the number of pulses proportional to the angular turn cf and displacement X, while the current result is fed to the readout device 42, claims Invention Compensation vibrometer containing a base, a supporting node fixed on it dp of a mat with an unbalanced load, a non-compensating converter, an amplifier, a compensation electric motor with a rotor and a stator, mounted coaxially to the reference node, and an output device, characterized in that, in order to improve the accuracy of measuring low-frequency oscillations, the rotor of the compensation motor is provided with a mirror polyhedron, the amplifier is designed as a one-dimensional integrator, the output device is made as two photoconverters, two pulse formers, differentiating chains, two pairs of gates, two coincidence circuits, two buffer blocks, a reversible pulse counter and a reading unit, and the mirror polyhedron is optically connected with photosensitive areas of photoconverters, having different lengths in the scanning direction and arranged for simultaneous scanning so that The scan start or end cops are the same, the outputs of photovoltaic converters are connected to the inputs of pulse shapers, the outputs of which are connected to the corresponding differentiating chains, the output of the first differentiating chain through the first valve of the first pair of valves is connected by the first input of the second coincidence circuit, the first input of the first coincidence circuit, the output of the second differentiating chain through the direct valve of the second pair of valves is connected with the second input of the second coincidence circuit, and through The gate valve is connected to the second input of the first matching circuit, the output of which is connected to the first input of the reversible counter via a buffer device, the second input of which is connected to the output of the reading device through a buffer device to the output of the second matching circuit.

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