SU1007607A1 - Method of growing cereal crops - Google Patents

Abstract

1. METHOD OF CULTIVATION OF GRAIN CROPS, including square-seed sowing of seeds of Noli in during the growing season and application of fertilizers,. YOGG: h., ..;.:: Ft. Yfrf ...: characterized in that, in order to increase yields and reduce cultivation costs, when sowing inside squares, wells with a radius equal to half the side of the square are made and filled with mulch material, and watering is carried out into the formed wells . 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the wells are 5-10 cm deep and watering is carried out in an amount of 0.2-0.5 liters of water 1-2 times per week. 3. Method according to paragraphs. 1 and 2, about the fact that fertilizer is applied with a TV well with irrigation water. ft t A A. "About V //

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods of growing crops. There is a known method of growing rice which involves sowing and creating on the surface of the soil a growing layer of water D over the course of the hepMOfla rice growing season. The disadvantages of this method are the high flow rate of irrigation water, the need for careful planning of the soil surface, and the possibility of environmental pollution due to ingress of water with chemical chemicals, fertilizers, and other iv harmful impurities in water-receiving; The method of growing grain crops, in particular maize, is also known. It includes square-nesting sowing of seeds, watering during the growing season and fertilizing. The sowing area is divided into 70x70 cm squares, in each corner of which a nest with 3 corn plants is placed, and the plants are watered by irrigation aggregates or by heading, taking into account the wetting of the whole sown area to a depth of 0.7 1.0 m 2 J. A disadvantage of the known method is the increased consumption of irrigation water and seed, as well as the possibility of contaminated water contaminating water in the receivers. The purpose of the invention is to increase the yield and reduce the cost of rearing. This goal is achieved by sowing inside squares, making holes with a radius equal to half the sides of the square, and filling them with mulch material, and watering them in the formed holes. At the same time, the wells are made in cm deep, irrigation is carried out in the amount of 0.2-0.5 l of water 1-2 times a week. Fertilizers are applied to irrigation water wells. The squares of the nests are arranged in rows with an optimal distance between them, constituting, for short crops (up to 50.0 cm high) 30 OijO.O cm, for non-thin media (up to 120.0 cm) tO-50.0 cm, for tall (over 120.0 cm high) 6070.0 cm, 1-2 viable seeds are introduced into each nest. FIG. Figure 1 shows the basic layout of plant nests and the irrigation system; . 2 is a schematic diagram of the placement of plants in each square of the nests, a slit, FIG. 3 is a view of the arrow A of FIG. 2, In the drawings, a water supply source 1, a pump 2, a filter 3, a water meter k, a pressure gauge 5, an injector 6, a fertilizer mixing tank 7, a main pipeline 8, an irrigation hose 9i water outlets 10, a plant nest 11, a square of nests of 12 plants, 13 soil deepening in the center of the nest square, T4 mulch material, water supply point 15 and, conveniently, rhenium. Example. Corn seeds are sown to a depth of 1-2 seeds in a nest around a hole made in a square of 3030 cm. The distance between the centers of neighboring groups of nests is 100 cm. The hole made using soil indentation is covered with a depth of 8-10 cm peat and sawdust flush with the surface of the soil. The corn is watered using a 20 mm diameter perforated plastic hose, laid in the center of the holes in the direction of rows of groups of nests. The calibrated holes on the hose (size 2 mm) are placed through 100 cm, through which water flows into the center of each well, which ensures that the loliv of each group of nests has the same rate of water. Water through the hoses in the wells served under pressure. When cultivating maize according to a well-known method with a seedling, you should sow the seeds in dotted lines in between 70 cm between the fields. After the emergence of the corn sprouting, between the depths of the corn, furrows are made through which the vegetation is irrigated. During the growing season of corn, two nitrogen supplements were carried out. In the usual method of cultivating corn, fertilizer is applied to the entire area of sowing. For group placement of plants, fertilizer is applied locally to each group of nests. Observations of soil moisture show that in order to maintain soil moisture in the center of the hole within optimal limits (not less than 70%), the flow of corn along the hoses during the arid periods should be carried out 1-2 L 1-2 times a week. After. sprinkling and occurrence of corn cob irrigation is not less than 2 liters of water per one group of nests, which corresponds to 20 m per 1 hectare. The proposed irrigation system with hoses provides irrigation of corn on a plot of 100 m in 35 minutes. According to the proposed method, 6 irrigations of corn were carried out instead of the 10-12 ones. In the cultivation of corn by a known method carried out 3 irrigation furrows. The time of each irrigation of an area of 100 m is 6-7 hours. The average irrigation rate for irrigation by furrows is 600 1 ha, and irrigation is 1800 m or 16 times longer than for irrigation through hoses. The grain yield of maize when irrigating along furrows is lower than with local water supply, by 12%. In the area with a shallow feed, the yield is .82 c per 1 ha, and in control it is 72–6 c per 1 hectare. ftr. m. 2. Conducted an experimental test of the method on rice culture. 07 Pre-treated soil in an experimental plot with an area of 0.1 hectares is divided into squares of size S x 15 cm. The distance between the centers of adjacent squares is set at 50 cm. 1-2 rice seeds are sown at each corner of the square, i.e. not an area of 0) 1 ha place 4,0 thousand squares of nests. In the center of the nests prepare deepening filled with mulch material. Locally every 3 days, 0.2 l of oooalbal water is supplied to the depression with or without heights, depending on the state of the plants. During the entire growing season, 32 irrigations were carried out, of which 6 were irrigated with fertilizers. The irrigation capacity is 256 m water per 1 ha. The yield of rice on the experience-, Tum plot 105 c with I ha. ./.- At the control area of equal area, rice is cultivated according to a known technology, i.e. in case of continuous flooding of crops by irrigation land, at a rate of 18 thousand mTa 1 ha. Sowing is done by continuous sowing. Comparative indicators of the expected and known methods are presented in the table.

250-30010

18000 256 37.8105.0

Thus, the proposed method of growing grain crops significantly reduces the consumption of irrigation water, ensures the maintenance of optimal soil moisture in the center of the hole, which increases the yield of grain crops. According to the proposed method, it is possible to cultivate plants in areas of soil with significant gradients without the threat of water eroding the soil, In addition, the method will improve the ecological situation by significantly improving the flow and preventing pollution of their waters.

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Claims (3)

1. METHOD FOR GROWING GRAIN CROPS, including square-nest sowing of seeds, Noliv during vegetation and fertilizing,. characterized in that, in order to increase productivity and reduce the cost of growing, when sowing inside the squares, holes with a radius equal to half the side are made. squares, and fill them with mulching material, and watering is carried out in the formed holes. 2. The method of pop. 1, they differ in that the holes are filled with a depth of 5 “10 cm, and watering is carried out in an amount of 0.2-0.5 l of water 1-2 times a week. 3. The method according to PP. 1 and 2, about t l and; which means that fertilizers are applied to wells with irrigation water. overlay 1 1007607