JP3700923B2 - Pineapple cultivation method - Google Patents

Description

【００２４】
上記の結果より、肥料代が本発明の栽培方法は、慣行栽培方法より割高のように見えるが、収量が２．７倍もあり、栽培期間が半分ですみ、同一期間の収穫量が５倍もあることを考えると、本発明の栽培方法が極めて優れた効果を有することが明白である。
【００２５】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、下記の優れた効果を奏することができる。
１）保肥性、保水性の特性を生かした軽石を充填したポットで栽培することにより、栽培地域が土壌の性質により限定されない。すなわち、対土壌特性の異なる複数種の作物を、一地域で集中して栽培できる。
２）露地栽培に比べて初収穫までの栽培期間が半分になり、１０〜１２ヶ月となる。それゆえ、パイナップル等の多年性作物に適用できる。
３）カーバイト処理により、収穫時期を調整でき、周年栽培が可能になる。
４）連作障害が出ない。
５）保肥性、保水性が多年性農作物に適した特性を有する軽石そのものを栽培培地とするものであるから、軽石培地を更新する必要がない。
６）客土、施肥、農薬散布に伴う周辺環境の環境保全の面での貢献度が大きい。
７）露地のパイナップルに比べて、果重と果型が安定する。果実は、平均重量は約２ｋｇで長方形になる。
【００２６】
８）パイナップルの糖度が高糖度になる。Ｂｒｉｘ糖度は、１８度以上である。生食用として出荷できる。
９）農薬や除草剤が不要である。
１０）露地に比べて２倍の密植ができる。温室での栽培で栽培期間が半分になるので、収穫量は、単位面積あたり４倍の収穫になる。
１１）雨水利用を行うことにより、節水栽培が可能になる。
１２）沖縄以外の日本の各地で、パイナップル等の気温、土壌特性等が特殊な植物の栽培が可能となる。
１３）点滴栽培により余剰供給液による腐敗その他弊害がない。そのため、都市域近傍での栽培においても近隣への影響が少なく、従来の生産流通形態を変革し得る可能性がある。
１４）全植物体を交換することなく、複数種、多種の農作物を各々に適した条件で同じ場所でクリーンに生産でき、消費地近傍で、かつ、保存農薬無しに、比較的多品種少量、多数回出荷が可能となり、コンビニエンストアな農製品の供給が可能となる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明を実施する際の栽培ポット及び点滴チューブの配置を表わす平面図を示す。
【符号の説明】
１ 栽培ポット
２ 点滴チューブ
３ 点滴穴
４ 栽培域
５ 通路[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for cultivating a perennial crop that does not cause environmental destruction, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating shrub fruit trees and perennial plants. More particularly, the present invention is particularly perennial crops requiring environmental adjustment of subtropical etc., to a method of cultivating Painappu Le.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Greenhouse cultivation has been conventionally applied to plants (agricultural crops) that are harvested every single year, except for early mandarin oranges. Greenhouse cultivation is more suitable for pot cultivation, but there is an influence on the medium from plants, so that it was necessary to change the medium every harvest. For this reason, it is common sense that perennial plants are usually cultivated in open fields. For example, pineapple, which is a subtropical perennial plant in Okinawa, is cultivated in an open field that is thin acidic soil.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
When pineapple is cultivated in Okinawa, it is limited to 1) acidic soil areas. 2) The cultivation period (planting → harvest) takes 2 to 2.5 years. 3) Harvest time is concentrated in summer (July to August). 4) Topsoil needs to be updated every few years. This is because continuous cropping failure occurs. Typical diseases in continuous cropping disorders are ginkgo illness and singsales disease. 5) Due to the renewal of the topsoil, there will be a topsoil runoff and red soil pollution in rivers and sea areas. 6) There are many irregularities in fruit weight and fruit type. 7) The sugar content is unstable. (Low sugar content, around 10 degrees). 8) There were restrictions on cultivation due to heavy use of thickeners and herbicides. For this reason, 9) there was no advantage over imported pineapples, and the cultivation area was drastically reduced.
[0004]
The present invention has been made in view of such conventional problems, and it is necessary to cultivate a parent plant over a long period of time without high crop yields and spread of disease, regardless of local soil characteristics. An object is to provide a cultivation method capable of dense planting of perennial crops. Such a crop is, for example, the above pineapple, and it is also an object to submit a method for solving problems such as surface sand runoff when pineapple is grown in Okinawa.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention has solved the above-described problems by the following means.
(1) Volcanic pumice, which is a coarse soil composed of particles having a particle size of 1 to 5.6 mm and a porous surface, having a diameter of about 24 cm and a depth of about 30 cm, and a pumice medium of about 7 liters. be filled, but drainage holes in the bottom near the side wall is provided, the cultivation period is filled in a container which has a normal closed state, pineapple, characterized by planting individual pineapple plants Cultivation method.
(2) The cultivation method of pineapple according to (1), wherein the culture solution is supplied by a drip dropping method.
(3) the cultivation how pineapple (1) or (2), wherein the pH of the culture, characterized in that it is adjusted to 4-8.
[0006]
Preferred embodiments of the present invention include the following.
(4) Cultivation how the (1) or (2), wherein the compartmented container is characterized in that it is located within the greenhouse.
(5) The greenhouse has a structure for storing rainwater rainwater tank, the rainwater in the rainwater tank, characterized in that it is utilized as a water culture solution for growing (1) - (4 cultivation method according to any one of).
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described. As described above, the present invention fills a crude soil composed of particles having a porous surface into a compartmented container, and individually plantes perennial crop plants. It is the cultivation method characterized by this.
There are organic and inorganic coarse soils composed of particles having a porous surface. In the organic system, there are activated carbon and charcoal. There is an organic substance having a porous surface even if it is not charcoal. Pumice is typical for inorganic systems. There are various types of pumice, depending on the difference in ingredients. Shirasu is one of the pumice stones suitable for cultivation. Shirasu has physical and chemical properties, such as aeration coefficient, permeability coefficient, cation exchange capacity, etc., suitable for cultivation. The pH of the shirasu is around 6.
[0008]
In this specification, in the following description of the embodiment, a pumice medium is used as an example of the rough soil.
Specifically, pineapple is planted in a pumice medium in which about 7 liters of pumice is filled in a pot having a diameter of about 24 cm and a depth of about 30 cm. The pumice preferably has a particle size of about 1 to 5.6 mm. Pumice having a particle size of less than 1 mm has a poor water permeability coefficient and aeration coefficient, and a particle size of more than 5.6 mm is not good because the water retention is reduced. A drainage hole is provided in the side wall near the bottom of the pot, but the cultivation period is normally closed. Since it is normally closed, the culture solution does not flow unnecessarily. If necessary, the accumulated culture solution can be discharged by opening it. In addition, in the case where fertilizer components are present in a poor balance in the pumice medium, or when pathogenic bacteria are propagated, it can be washed away with water or the like. Providing a drainage hole at a high position from the bottom of the pot is also effective as an emergency measure.
[0009]
In general, cultivating pineapples in acidic soil causes continuous cropping failures within a few years. Diseases caused by continuous cropping disorders include ginkgo illness and singsales disease. When cultivated with pumice, continuous cropping failure is not observed. In acidic soil, when cultivated in a pot, continuous cropping failure tends to occur earlier than in open field cultivation. When pineapple is cultivated in pots with pumice medium, there is no continuous cropping failure and medium renewal is unnecessary for more than 10 years.
If it is pot cultivation, a cultivation area will not be limited. Pineapple can be cultivated even in areas that are not acidic soil areas.
[0010]
When pineapples are cultivated in a pumice medium in pots, they can be densely planted twice as compared to when they are cultivated in acid soils. In pot cultivation on a pumice medium, the pots can be arranged with close packing. In contrast, outdoor cultivation requires space for weed removal and fertilizer input (both organic and chemical fertilizers). In addition, fundamentally, it causes continuous cropping problems, so if you plant closely, the disease will spread. It is necessary to plant at some interval. Therefore, pot cultivation of pineapple with pumice medium enables dense planting twice as much as that of acid soil.
The state of the pot cultivation will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a plan view showing the arrangement state of the cultivation pots 1. A large number of cultivation pots 1 having a diameter of about 25 cm are linear in the cultivation area 4 between the passages 5. And they are arranged in a staggered manner. A drip tube 2 is arranged slightly above the cultivation pot 1, and the drip tube 2 is provided with drip holes 3 at intervals of about 30 cm on the top surface of the drip tube 2. It flows out and drops into the cultivation pot 1. When the supply of the culture solution does not have to be strict, such a simple apparatus may be used. However, when it is preferable to supply the culture solution strictly, a limiter for regulating the flow rate of the solution can be provided. Although the width of the cultivation area 4 can be set in various ways, FIG. 1 shows a case where the width is set to about 120 cm from the relationship of the reach from the passages 5 on both sides.
[0011]
By performing pot cultivation of pineapple on a pumice medium in a greenhouse, the pineapple can be protected from the natural environment and the cultivation environment can be adjusted. Moreover, since the culture solution can be freely controlled, the irrigation amount and fertilization amount can be optimized. Pot cultivation with pineapple pumice medium in a greenhouse has a cultivation period of 10 to 12 months. On the other hand, the cultivation period is 2 to 2.5 years in acid soils. The cultivation period for pot cultivation in pineapple pumice cultivation in a greenhouse is half that of acid soil. With double planting by pot cultivation and half the cultivation period in the greenhouse, the yield of pineapple is four times the yield per unit area.
In pineapple cultivation, pineapple can be stocked from crown buds, buds, sucking buds, and tuber buds, but tuber buds may be used. When tuber buds are used, the roots are well rooted and the fruit grows. The tuber bud is a bud coming out from the root of the stem, the crown bud is a bud attached to the tip of the fruit, and the bud is a bud attached near the part where the fruit of the stem is attached. Buds are buds that stick between the leaves where they are growing.
[0012]
The irrigation method is preferably drip pouring. If necessary, moisture and fertilizer components can be supplied. Moreover, soil can be kept weakly acidic by using a culture solution whose pH is adjusted to 4-8. The pumice culture medium is supplied dropwise from a culture solution supply device by a culture solution whose components and concentration are adjusted by a manifold provided on the conduit and a vinyl resin hose (dropping tube) connected to the manifold. It has become so.
In such facility cultivation with drip pouring, the amount of the culture solution dropped is small, and the energy for managing the multiplication is small.
[0013]
Also, pumice stones such as shirasu have a low fertilizer capacity, so the culture solution must be supplied dropwise in a relatively short cycle. However, the dripping amount of the culture solution as a whole is an amount that is commensurate with the surface evaporation of the medium and the surface evaporation of the crop, and is extremely small.
In addition, as the material for the culture medium, inorganic foams such as vermiculite, which is known as a horticultural soil substitute, and pearlite, which is known as a soil mixture, can be considered, but the strength and specific gravity necessary for holding crops are small. However, it is not a preferable material as pumice because it is weaker than pumice in strength, and open-cell foamed plastics such as urethane foam are also possible, but they are organic and are not only expensive. From the viewpoint of durability, it is inferior to pumice, and pumice is the most preferable material.
[0014]
Furthermore, since the medium has a particle size of about 1 to 5.6 mm, the gap between the medium particles is larger than that of soil in a general outdoor field.
In addition, as described above, since the amount of the culture solution dropped is suitable for evaporation, the culture medium is always kept dry, so there is no risk of root rot, and there is no risk of root rot, as well as the area around the cultivation facility with excess culture solution. There is no concern about environmental pollution.
[0015]
Further, in a facility that circulates a large amount of culture solution such as hydroponics, it is not preferable because a large amount of the contaminated solution is discharged when the culture solution is discarded. Further, when the culture solution is circulated, the number of work steps increases. One is that sterilization is necessary because the bacteria are easy to propagate when circulated. The other is that the balance of the components of the culture solution is broken by the absorption of the crops, so it is necessary to adjust the culture solution. There is also a problem that the cost increases if the number of work processes increases.
In the present invention, all such problems are solved, and the cultivation method is extremely practical.
[0016]
The greenhouse has a structure for storing rainwater in a rainwater tank, and the rainwater in the rainwater tank is used as culture water for cultivation. The method of using rainwater is effective in areas where water is scarce, especially in Okinawa.
Furthermore, the cultivation method of the present invention is also suitable for perennial crops such as dragon fruit and aloe in addition to pineapple.
[0017]
【Example】
The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the examples.
[0018]
Example 1 and Comparative Example 1
Under the conditions shown below, the pineapple cultivation was compared between the how-spot method of the present invention and the customary house outdoor cultivation method.
Cultivation of house pine (1) Cultivation plan a) When harvesting house pine, it was planted according to the standard of the house to be installed in advance.
b) When planted before harvest of summer fruits, buds 150-200 g and sucked buds 250-350 g, and when planted after harvest of summer fruits, buds 300-350 g and buds 350-600 g were planted. In the spring planting, seedlings of 200 to 250 g of buds and 250 to 350 g of sucked buds were planted.
[0019]
(2) Treatment method From mid-September to early-November, the plant height is 90 cm and the second harvesting house has grown to 40 or more drugs. The northern part of Okinawa Island is from early May to late July and the Yaeyama area is mid-April ~ Harvested in late June. The treatment was carried out by irrigating 20 to 30 milliliters of a 100 times carbide solution into a pineapple core. The treatment was repeated 3 times every 3-5 days from 5pm to evening.
[0020]
(3) Examples of house installation and planting a) In principle, a double building with a frontage of 6.0 m was installed.
b) In the conventional pine cultivation method, a 150 cm wide management road was provided in the center of the house, and two rows were planted with a land width of 80 cm and an interval of 55 cm.
c) A passage with a width of 1.0 m was provided between the two buildings.
d) In the conventional pine cultivation method, it became 4,800 strains / 10a at 30 cm between strains and 3,800 strains / 10a (a: Earl) at 32 cm between strains.
In the cultivation method of this invention, it became the planting number of 8,400 stocks / 10a.
[0021]
(4) House vinyl coating and temperature control a) The house was covered with a vinyl sheet in early November.
b) The side surface of the house was double-coated with a non-woven fabric (Wariff etc.) to prevent the temperature drop at night in the low temperature period and kept warm from the beginning of November to the end of April.
c) From the beginning of May to harvesting, the hem of the house was opened and used as a roof.
d) For gardens where electricity can be drawn in, an automatic ventilator was installed and the upper limit was set to 35 ° C.
e) In a house where it is difficult to control the temperature with an automatic ventilation device, the leaves and fruits get sunburned in fine weather, so the hem of the house was opened around 10 am and closed around 3 pm in fine weather. Special care was taken so that the temperature in the house would not exceed 40 ° C.
[0022]
(5) Moisture management a) In conventional open-air cultivation in the house, during the shipping period (from early November to early March), there is no irrigation, and during the fruit enlargement period (from mid March to 1 month before harvest), the groundwater level and water retention of the soil Depending on the nature, water was irrigated 1-2 mm / day depending on how dry the soil was. During the ripening period of fruits (1 month before harvesting-harvesting), water was irrigated at 1-2 mm / day.
b) In addition, the number of days and the amount of water during the irrigation were set as the irrigation day x the number of days of interruption, with 1 week for fine-grained soil such as the Miyara River basin and 2 weeks for other soils.
c) In the cultivation method of the present invention, the amount of dripping was adjusted to an amount commensurate with evaporation by a drip pouring method onto a pumice medium, and the medium was always kept dry.
[0023]
Representative results of the above-described cultivation method using the coarse soil-filled compartment container of the present invention and the conventional customary house-type outdoor pine cultivation method are summarized in the following comparative formula.

[0024]
From the above results, the cultivation method of the present invention seems to be more expensive than the conventional cultivation method, but the yield is 2.7 times, the cultivation period is halved, and the yield during the same period is 5 times In view of this, it is clear that the cultivation method of the present invention has an extremely excellent effect.
[0025]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, the following excellent effects can be achieved.
1) By cultivating in a pot filled with pumice utilizing the characteristics of fertilizer and water retention, the cultivation area is not limited by the properties of the soil. That is, multiple types of crops having different soil characteristics can be cultivated in one area.
2) The cultivation period until the first harvest is halved compared to open field cultivation, which is 10 to 12 months. Therefore, it can be applied to perennial crops such as pineapple.
3) The harvesting time can be adjusted and the year-round cultivation becomes possible by the carbide processing.
4) There is no continuous cropping disorder.
5) Since pumice itself having fertilizer and water retention properties suitable for perennial crops is used as the culture medium, it is not necessary to renew the pumice medium.
6) The contribution to the environmental protection of the surrounding environment accompanying the application of soil, fertilization and agricultural chemicals is large.
7) The fruit weight and fruit type are stable compared to the pineapple in the open field. The fruit is rectangular with an average weight of about 2 kg.
[0026]
8) The sugar content of pineapple becomes high. The Brix sugar content is 18 degrees or more. Can be shipped for raw consumption.
9) Pesticides and herbicides are unnecessary.
10) Can be densely planted twice as much as the open ground. Since the cultivation period is halved by cultivation in a greenhouse, the yield is four times per unit area.
11) Water-saving cultivation becomes possible by using rainwater.
12) It is possible to cultivate plants with special characteristics such as temperature and soil characteristics such as pineapples in various places in Japan other than Okinawa.
13) There is no spoilage or other harmful effects caused by drip cultivation. Therefore, there is little influence on the neighborhood even in cultivation in the vicinity of the urban area, and there is a possibility that the conventional production distribution form can be changed.
14) Without changing the whole plant, multiple types and various crops can be produced cleanly in the same place under the conditions suitable for each. Multiple shipments are possible, and convenience store agricultural products can be supplied.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a plan view showing the arrangement of cultivation pots and drip tubes when carrying out the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Cultivation Pot 2 Drip Tube 3 Drip Hole 4 Cultivation Area 5 Passage

Claims (3)

Volcanic pumice, a coarse soil composed of particles with a particle size of 1 to 5.6 mm and a porous surface, is about 24 cm in diameter and about 30 cm in depth, and is packed with about 7 liters of pumice medium. A pineapple cultivation method characterized in that a drainage hole is provided in the side wall near the bottom, and the container is normally closed during the cultivation period and pineapple plants are individually planted. 2. The pineapple cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the culture solution is supplied by a drip dropping method. Cultivation how pineapple claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the pH of said broth is adjusted to 4-8.

Images