SK5752002A3

SK5752002A3 - Bogie for rail vehicles

Info

Publication number: SK5752002A3
Application number: SK575-2002A
Authority: SK
Inventors: Andreas Schaefer-Enkeler
Original assignee: Andreas Schaefer-Enkeler
Priority date: 1999-11-03
Filing date: 2001-05-10
Publication date: 2002-11-06
Also published as: PL354585A1; DE10054203C2; WO2001032490A1; CZ20021437A3; PT1226058E; BG106657A; DE10054203A1; DK1226058T3; HU224202B1; DE50006009D1; EP1226058B1; ATE263695T1; ES2218251T3; HUP0203154A2; EP1226058A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a bogie for rail vehicles that is especially useful for high wheel loads. The cross-bar (8) of said bogie is supported by the two wheel-set axles (6, 7) on which the wheels (2-5) are rotatably mounted by means of two springs. The wheel sets are guided by guide leaves (15, 16) in the longitudinal and the lateral direction and/or by articulated rods (11-14) that are preferably mounted in the direction of the rails.

Description

Oblasť technikyTechnical field

Vynález sa týka podvozku, výhodne pre vysokú záťaž kolies, s letmo uloženými voľnými kolesami, neotáčajúcimi sa s osami dvoj kolies.The invention relates to a bogie, preferably for high wheel load, with free-wheeled free wheels not rotating with the wheels of the two wheels.

Doterajší stav technikyBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Podvozok tohto druhu je známy zo spisu DE-OS 43 20 789 Al, pri ktorom je každé koleso uložené na vlastnom nosníku kolesa, nosníky kolies sú cez vždy dve ramená nápravy s listovými pružinami, ktoré prebiehajú naprieč k smeru koľajníc, naviazané na v podstate v smere koľajníc sa rozprestierajúci nosník podvozku. Ramená nápravy s listovými pružinami vedú a odpružujú nosníky kolies; súčasne prenášajú záťaž kolies. Na splnenie svojich úloh pruženia, sú prenesiteľné záťaže kolies veľmi silne obmedzené, takže známy podvozok sa môže používať len pre veľmi ľahké vozidlá. Ďalej je na podvozku usporiadaný pre každé koleso vlastný nosník kolies. Aby sa zaistilo, že osi od ľavého a pravého kolesa lícujú, sú potrebné pomerne nákladné montážne zaradenia, ’ktoré montáž’ a neskoršiu údržbu podvozku značne sťažujú.A bogie of this kind is known from DE-OS 43 20 789 A1, in which each wheel is supported on its own wheel carrier, the wheel carriers being in each case two axle arms with leaf springs extending transversely to the direction of the rails, connected to a substantially in the direction of the rails extending the chassis beam. Leaf spring axles guide and suspend the wheel supports; at the same time they carry the load on the wheels. To accomplish their springing tasks, the transferable wheel loads are very limited, so that the known chassis can only be used for very light vehicles. Furthermore, a separate wheel carrier is provided for each wheel on the chassis. In order to ensure that the axles are aligned with the left and right wheels, relatively expensive assemblies are required, which assembly and later chassis maintenance make it considerably more difficult.

Ďalší podvozok tohto druhu je známy zo spisu DE-GM 7 121 742, ktorý.má dvojkolesie s pevne na osi dvojkolies usadenými kolesami, ktoré sú však na použitie pri vyšších rýchlostiach na základe pevnej väzby otáčok obidvoch kolies osou dvojkolies vhodné len podmienene, môže byť, že sa dodatočne umiestnia nákladné tlmiace prvky. Zvislá záťaž sa prenáša cez listové pružiny, závesný panel a puzdro osového ložiska naAnother bogie of this kind is known from DE-GM 7 121 742, which has wheelset with fixed wheels on the axle of the wheelset, but which can only be conditionally suitable for use at higher speeds due to the rigid coupling of the wheels of the wheelset. that additional costly damping elements are provided. The vertical load is transmitted through leaf springs, suspension panel and axle bearing bushing to

Λ Γ dvojkolesie. Toto vyhotovenie zvislého odpruženia je mnohodielne a ťažké. Usporiadaním puzdier osových ložísk, sklonených voči horizontále, sa mení rozchod kolies jednej strany v závislosti na zvislej záťaži, ktorá na príslušnú stranu pôsobí. Na silnejšie zaťaženej strane sa rozchod kolesa zväčšuje, na uvoľnenej strane zmenšuje. To vedie pri nerovnomernom nakladaní v priečnom smere nákladného vagónu k nerovnobežným dvoj kolesám koľaji s následkom zvýšeného opotrebovávania kolies a koľajníc.Γ Γ wheelset. This embodiment of the vertical suspension is multifaceted and difficult. The arrangement of the axle bearing bushings inclined to the horizontal changes the track width of one side depending on the vertical load applied to the respective side. On a heavily loaded side, the track width increases, on a loose side it becomes smaller. This results in unequal dual wheels of the rail when loading unevenly in the transverse direction of the freight wagon, resulting in increased wear of the wheels and rails.

Ďalej je známy podvozok tohto druhu z nemeckej patentovej prihlášky P 55 088. Tiež tento podvozok má dvojkolesie s kolesami pevne usadenými na ose dvoj kolies, ktoré sú - ako už bolo vyššie popísané -, vhodné na vyššie rýchlosti len podmienečne. Zvislá záťaž sa komplikovaným odpružením cez listové pružiny, skrutkovité pružiny s tlačnými taniermi a nosníkmi závesu pružín, ktoré visia na závesných paneloch na puzdre osového ložiska, prenáša na dvojkolesie. Tento druh zvislého odpruženia umožňuje neobmedzenú zmenu dĺžky listových pružín pri zapružení, je však extrémne mnohodielny, ťažký a nákladný. Vedenie dvoj kolies v priečnom smere sa realizuje pomocou ložiskového puzdra dvojkolies a pri väčších priečnych silách v dvoj kolesách, cez zvláštne uloženie v strede dvojkolies a na podperách tvaru písmena V, upevnených na ich ložiskových puzdrách, ktoré sú cez dutú nápravu usporiadané na rámu podvozka. Spolu sa otáčajúca os v dvojkolesí vyžaduje vedia oddelených ložiskových puzdier dvojkolies na uchytenie uloženia dvojkolies doplnkové uloženie v strede dvojkolies, na ktorého ložiskovom puzdre sú usporiadané prvky na priečne vedenie dvojkolies. Tým je i vedenie dvojkolies mnohodielne, ťažké a nákladné. Okrem tohto je ložisko, usporiadané v strede dvojkolies, na práce spojené s primazávaním len ťažko dostupné. V prípade výmeny ložiska sa musí dokonca celé dvojkolesie z podvozku vymontovať a kompletne rozložiť.Furthermore, a bogie of this kind is known from German patent application P 55 088. Also, the bogie has wheelsets with wheels fixed on the axle of two wheels, which - as already described above - are only conditionally suitable for higher speeds. The vertical load is transferred to the wheelsets by complicated suspension via leaf springs, helical springs with compression plates and spring hinge beams that hang on the suspension panels on the axle bearing bushing. This type of vertical suspension allows unlimited change in the length of the leaf springs in the spring, but is extremely multi-part, heavy and costly. The transverse direction of the two wheels is accomplished by means of the wheel bearing housing and, in the case of greater transverse forces, in the two wheels, via a special bearing in the center of the wheelsets and V-shaped supports mounted on their bearing bushes. The rotating axle in the wheelset together with the separate wheel bearing housings of the wheelset requires an additional seating in the middle of the wheelset on the bearing housing of the wheelset bearing for supporting the wheelset transverse guides. This also makes the guiding of wheelsets multi-part, difficult and costly. In addition, the bearing, arranged in the center of the wheelset, is hardly accessible for the lubrication work. If the bearing is replaced, the entire wheelset must be removed from the chassis and completely unfolded.

c. «*· r c r & ( ^r >· or,· r Cf“«· r . ' r r r Cc. «* · Rcr & ( ^r > · or," r Cf "" · r. 'Yyy C

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C r r i >Základom vynálezu je- úloha vytvorenia podvozku schopného naloženia tovaru, na vysokú záťaž kolies, s malými výrobnými a údržbárskymi nákladmi, ktorá sa v ostatnom vyvaruje vyššie popísaným nevýhodám.The object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle-capable undercarriage with high wheel load, with low production and maintenance costs, which in turn avoids the disadvantages described above.

Podstata vynálezuSUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Táto úloha sa rieši podvozkom podľa význakov patentového nároku 1 alebo 4. Výhodné uskutočnenia vyplývajú zo závislých nárokov.This object is achieved by a chassis according to the features of claim 1 or 4. Preferred embodiments result from the dependent claims.

Prehľad obrázkov na výkreseOverview of the figures in the drawing

Vynález je ďalej bližšie popísaný a objasnený na príklade jeho vyhotovenia podľa pripojených výkresov, ktoré znázorňujú na obr.l schematicky bočný pohlad na podvozok s dielčou oblasťou vozovej skrine, na obr.2 pôdorysný pohlad na podvozok podľa obr.l, na obr.3 pôdorysný pohlad na podvozok podľa obr.l so zmeneným usporiadaním spojovacích prvkov, na obr.4 pôdorysný pohlad na podvozok podľa obr.l s trojuholníkovými ramenami nápravy, na obr.5 príklad vyhotovení na uloženie pružín na osi dvojkolies a na obr.6 ďalší príklad uskutočnienia na uloženie pružín, na osi.dvoj kolies.·BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention is described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a bogie with a section of the vehicle body; FIG. 2 is a plan view of the bogie of FIG. 4 shows a plan view of the bogie according to FIG. 1 with the triangular arms of the axle, FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of the springs on the axles of the wheelset and FIG. spring support, on the axle.Two wheels. ·

Príklady uskutočnenia vynálezuDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Podía obr.l a obr.2 je vozová skriňa U opretá o priečny nosník 8^, ktorý je zase opretý pomocou pružín 9 a 10 o osi 6 a 7 dvojkolies. Na osách 6 a 2 dvojkolies sú nezávisle na sebe, otočné letmo uložené kolesá 2, 3, 4_ a 5, pričom uloženie t e r r môže byť usporiadané v náboji kolesa, takže nie sú nutné oddelené ložiskové puzdra pre dvojkolesie.According to FIGS. 1 and 2, the wagon body U is supported on a cross-member 8, which in turn is supported by springs 9 and 10 on the axles 6 and 7 of the wheelset. The wheels 2, 3, 4 and 5 are pivotably mounted on the axles 6 and 2 of the wheelsets independently of one another, wherein the bearings can be arranged in the wheel hub, so that separate bearing bushes for the wheelsets are not necessary.

Vedenie naprieč k smeru koľajníc sa vo vyhotovení podľa obr. 2 preberá listovými ramenami 15 a 16 nápravy, ktoré sú jednak prikíbené na osách 6 a Ί_ dvojkolies a jednak na priečnom nosníku EL V smere koľajníc sú osi 6 a 7 dvojkolies vedené listovými ramenami 15 a 16 nápravy, ako i kĺbovo upevnenými tyčami 11, 12, 13 a 14, pričom sa pri kĺboch výhodne jedná o guľové kĺby, sférické kĺby alebo rovnakým spôsobom pôsobiace diely guma - kov. Vplyvom v podstate s koľajnicami rovnobežného usporiadania tyčí 11, 12 a 13, 14 sa môžu osi 6, dvojkolies posúvať relatívne voči priečnemu nosníku 8 len vo zvislom smere a otáčať okolo osí, ktoré sú v podstate rovnobežné s koľajnicami. Ak sú naproti tomu tyče 11 a 12 usporiadané tak, že sa ich osi pretínajú v bode A osi tyčí 13 a 14 sa obdobne pretínajú v bode B - viď obr. 3, môže sa os 6 dvojkolies doplnkovo otáčať ešte okolo zvislej osi, ktorá prechádza bodom A. Podobne sa môžu osi B. Vplyvom usporiadania väzobných členov v dvoch rozdielnych rovinách rovnobežne s povrchom koľajníc vytvárajú tieto okrem toho podperu pre osi 6 a Ί_ dvojkolies, ktoré bránia ich rotácii okolo osi kolies.The line transversely to the direction of the rails in the embodiment of FIG. 2 takes up the axle arms 15 and 16, which are both fixed on the axles 6 and 18 of the wheelset and on the crossbeam EL. In the direction of the rails, the axles 6 and 7 of the wheelset are guided by the axle arms 15 and 16 as well as the articulated rods 11, 12. , 13 and 14, wherein the joints are preferably spherical joints, spherical joints or rubber-metal parts acting in the same way. Due to the substantially parallel rails of the parallel arrangement of the rods 11, 12 and 13, 14, the axes 6, wheelsets can only be displaced relative to the crossbeam 8 in the vertical direction and rotate about axes substantially parallel to the rails. If, on the other hand, the bars 11 and 12 are arranged such that their axes intersect at point A, the axes of the bars 13 and 14 similarly intersect at point B - see FIG. 3, the axle 6 of the wheelsets may additionally rotate about a vertical axis passing through point A. Similarly, the axes B may be similar. Due to the arrangement of the couplers in two different planes parallel to the rail surface, these additionally support the axles 6 and Ί_ of the wheelsets. prevent their rotation around the wheel axis.

Oddelenie úloh pruženia a vedenia umožňuje optimálne dimenzovanie príslušných konštrukčných dielov na ich účel použitia. Hlavne pružiny 9 a 10 môžu byť dimenzované na veľkú záťaž kolies. Ich naviazanie na osi 6 a J_ dvojkolies môže byť vznľadom na okolnosti, že sú osi 6 a 7 dvojkolies, čo sa týka osi, prebiehajúcej voči koľajniciam v podstate priečne voči kolesám 2, 3, 4_ a 5 pevné v otočení, vyhotovené jednoduchým spôsobom tak, že listové pružiny 9 a 10 môžu pri prepružení bez prekážok meniť svoju dĺžku, viď obr. 5. Priechodné osi _6 a 7 dvojkolies zabezpečujú, že osi otáčania ľavého a pravého kolesa jednej osi dvojkolies exaktne lícujú, čo sa nemení ani pri neskorších údržbárskych prácach.Separation of the spring and guide tasks allows an optimal dimensioning of the respective components for their intended use. In particular, the springs 9 and 10 can be sized to withstand heavy wheel loads. Their attachment to the axles 6 and 7 of the wheelset may be made in a simple manner by reason of the fact that the axles 6 and 7 of the wheelsets, in respect of the axis extending relative to the rails are substantially transverse to the wheels 2, 3, 4 and 5. that the leaf springs 9 and 10 can change their length without any obstacles when springing, see FIG. 5. Transition axes 6 and 7 of the wheelset ensure that the axes of rotation of the left and right wheels of one axle of the wheelset match exactly, which does not change even in later maintenance work.

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS • r no r

1. Chassis of rolling stock with two transverse axles running across the axles of a wheelset, always carrying the left and right wheels, and a cross beam extending also transverse to the direction of the rails on which the body is supported and supported by two springs wheelset, characterized in that the two wheels (2, 3, 4, 5) of the axles (6, 7) of the wheelset are independently mounted on a respective axle (6, 7) of the wheelset,

7) the wheelsets are substantially rotational with respect to the axis running towards the rails substantially transverse to the wheels (2, 3, 4, 5) and that each of the wheelset axes (6, 7) is in and transversely to the rails guided by at least three coupling members (rods (11, 12, 13, 14) and / or axle arms (15, 16)), being coupled by the rule that the vertical movements of the axles (6, 7) of the wheelset can run relatively relative to the transverse beam (8) and the rotation of the axles (6, 7) of the wheelset relative to the transverse beam (8) about the axes which run substantially parallel to the direction of the rails.

Chassis according to claim 1, characterized in that. wherein each of the axles (6, 7) of the wheelset is guided with respect to the crossbeam (8) by means of two rods (11, 12, 13, 14) and a leaf arm (15, 16) of axle, the rods whose axes run substantially parallel with the direction of the rails, they are arranged substantially in a horizontal plane, and the axle leaf arm, whose axis extends substantially parallel to the rails, is arranged in another substantially horizontal plane.

Chassis according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the axes (6, 7) is guided with respect to the transverse beam (8) by means of four bars, the two bars whose axes extend substantially parallel to the direction of the rails are arranged substantially in the horizontal plane, and the other two rods, which are arranged in another substantially horizontal plane, are arranged crosswise between the two-wheel axis and the crossbeam.

Chassis of rolling stock with two transverse axes running through the two-wheel axles, always carrying the left and right wheels and a crossbeam, · also extending transversely to the direction of the rails on which the body is supported and supported by two springs of a two-wheel axle, characterized in that the two wheels (2, 3, 4, 5) of the wheelset axle (6, 7) are independently rotatably supported on the respective wheelset axle (6, 7), that the axles (6, 7) ) the wheelsets are substantially transverse to the wheels with respect to the axis running towards the rails (2, 3,

4, 5) fixed in rotation and that each of the axles (6, 7) of the wheelset is guided in and in the direction of the rails by at least three coupling members (bars (11, 12, 13, 14) and / or leaf arms (15, 16) axles), wherein the couplers are pegged according to the rule that the vertical movements of the axles (6, 7) of the wheelset can take place relative to the cross-member (8) and the pivot of the axles (6, 7) of the wheelset relative to the cross-member (8) axes which extend substantially parallel to the direction of the rails and the rotation of the wheelset axis (6, 7) relative to the crossbeam (8) about vertical axes which lie substantially in a plane which lies not in the center of the track.

chassis substantially parallel to the direction r r

Chassis according to claim 4, characterized in that each of the wheelset axles (6, 7) is guided with respect to the crossbeam (8) by means of two rods (11, 12, 13, 14) and a leaf arm (15, 16). wherein the bars are arranged substantially in a horizontal plane, the axes of the bars intersect at a point lying on the axis running through the center of the bogie and substantially parallel to the track direction, the leaf arm of the axle running in substantially parallel to the running direction is arranged in another substantially horizontal plane.

Chassis according to claim 5, characterized in that it is arranged instead of a leaf wheel on each axle of the wheelset.

I arms axle rod.

Chassis according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that triangular axle arms (17, 18) are provided instead of the axle arms (15, 16).

Chassis according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that triangular axle arms (17, 18) are provided instead of the axle arms (15, 16).

Chassis according to claim 1 or 7, characterized in that the supports (19) of the springs (9, 10) are rotatably mounted on the axles (6, 7) of the wheelsets and that the ends of the springs (9, 10) can slide on the supports.

Chassis according to claim 4 or 8, characterized in that the spring supports (19) of the springs (9, 10) are rotatably mounted on the axles (6, 7) of the wheelsets and that the ends of the springs (9, 10) can slide over the supports.

o f

Bogie according to claim 10, characterized in that the movement takes place over a planar surface, the compensation of the pivotal movement extends over a plurality of cylindrical surfaces of the support (19).

and by sliding the supports (19) and through one or the other

Chassis according to claim 10, characterized in that the sliding movement extends over the planar surface of the support (19) and the compensation of the rotational movement extends over one or more cylindrical surfaces of the support (19).

Chassis according to claim 1 or 7, characterized in that the ends of the springs (9, 10) abut on a rubber backing or rubber-metal part (20) which on their side abut on the axles (6, 7) of the wheelset.

Chassis according to claim 4 or 8, characterized in that the ends of the springs (9, 10) are arranged on a crossbeam rotatably mounted about a substantially horizontal axis transversely with respect to the rail directions.

Undercarriage according to claim 1, 7, 9 or 11, characterized in that the springs (9, 10) are arranged on a crossbeam rotatably mounted about a substantially horizontal axis transversely to the direction of the rails.

Chassis according to claims 4, 8, 10 or 12, characterized in that the springs (1, 10) are arranged on a crossbeam rotatably mounted about a substantially horizontal axis transverse to the direction of the rails.