SK5588Y1 - Apparatus for processing gases, in particular the drying gas or biogas - Google Patents

Abstract

The technical solution relates to an apparatus for separating components of gas mixture through adsorption on the solid bed and the possibility of thermal regeneration of the solid bed. The device contains a hollow body (1) forming an area for adsorption in the hollow body (1) arranged in bed (4) solid, which is capable of at least one gaseous compound at least partially absorb, the first hole (2) likely to mislead the gaseous mixture into the hollow body ( 1), the second hole (3) liable to pay a gaseous mixture of hollow body (1) and at least one electrode (5, 6), which is associated with high-frequency (HF) generator (8) with a frequency between 1 and 50 MHz. The device is characterized in that at least one electrode (5, 6) constitutes part of the gas tight hollow body (1) and / or is it electrically conductive connection, and / or at least a portion of one electrode (5, 6) is arranged inside the bed (4) next to a solid second hole (3) is in bed (4) solid placed sensor (15) moisture.

Description

The present invention relates to an apparatus for the treatment of gaseous mixtures for the removal of selected components comprising a bed of solids with an adsorption component capable of at least temporarily enriching these components which is at least partially in the area of the effect of at least one high frequency (RF) energy which is again connected, preferably via an electronic adaptation circuit, to an RF voltage source to heat the fixed bed dielectric.

In particular, the apparatus may be used for drying gases, preferably natural gas and biogas, by removing the water adsorption in the first phase and subsequently removing the water from the fixed bed by thermal desorption, whereby the fixed bed is heated directly dielectric by RF energy.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The separation of substances by adsorption and subsequent thermal regeneration of the adsorber material is a widespread process in chemical techniques. This task applies in particular to the processing of natural gas and biogas so that they can be fed to existing gas supply networks according to the technical specifications.

For example, gas drying is necessarily required to avoid condensation effects when the pressure is increased. In addition, unwanted corrosion can occur through the interaction of water and other gas components (eg H ₂ S in the case of biogas).

In addition, the technical use of natural gas and biogas requires in many cases the removal of sulfur compounds, carbon dioxide or oxygen, as well as other components.

In principle, according to the prior art, three method principles are available for gas drying: a condensation method, an adsorption and an absorption method for gas drying, such as e.g. glycol washing.

The device according to the invention relates to an adsorption method for gas separation. The basic principle, however, is that the respective parts of the gas bind to the adsorber. This is usually done at a relatively low temperature, mostly ambient temperature. As a result, the gas stream leaves the bed of solids in which the corresponding component is depleted. The adsorption components must be regenerated again to ensure quasi-continuous process control. To this end, the most stable methods are based on desorption by reducing the pressure or increasing the temperature. After regeneration and removal of the desorbed material, the solid bed is again available for adsorption cleaning and / or cleaning. gas separation.

A further possibility of removing some of the gas components from the mixture is that they are reactively converted. Catalytic reactions are generally used for this purpose. An example is the removal of trace oxygen from natural gas or biogas using a noble metal catalyst that catalyzes oxidation. This process is usually carried out at elevated temperature.

The device according to the invention is intended to ensure that an energy bed is efficiently supplied to the bed of solids used for the treatment of gaseous mixtures in order to initiate desorption and reaction processes.

Techniques are known to change the temperature, but the heating of the solid layer as compared to the heating of liquid media is more complicated because the heat conduction inside the bed is generally much less. Thus, the transfer of heat between the particles is limited, since it is preferably effected through the contact surfaces. If heat is introduced through walls or heating elements, the passage of heat across the boundary surfaces into the embankment has a limited effect.

Alternatively, the solid beds are heated through a carrier gas stream. In any case, the very low heat capacity of the gas is limiting for the achievable heating rates. The concentration of the released harmful substances is connected to the carrier gas stream necessary for heating. This leads to dilution, which in many cases is undesirable. For example, the subsequent catalytic oxidation of organic pollutants, which is carried out from the adsorber by heating, can be carried out on a dilution basis no longer autothermally, i.e. energy efficient.

Thermal recovery with water vapor, which is often the case in the case of activated charcoal loaded with organic substances, is not suitable for the present use for gas treatment.

Direct dielectric heating of solid media has been debated for years as an innovative and promising alternative to conventional ways. An essential advantage of this method is that the energy supply is not coupled to a fluid auxiliary medium (e.g. a carrier gas stream), but is carried out directly "without a stream of material". Meanwhile, microwave (MV) heating could only be enforced in some sub-regions. This is due to the fact that the homogeneity of the temperature profile achieved is acceptable only for small volumes (in the cm3 range) and that for many media the penetration depths of MV radiation are too low for technical use. In addition, the water-containing matrix by its varying humidity significantly changes its dielectric properties. In addition, in the microwave range, the possibility of the energy bond itself is mostly associated with the presence of water. This leads to dry or very low moisture materials often

55 they cannot be heated by microwaves. Moreover, it is generally not possible to effectively apply electromagnetic waves during the process with varying humidity of the adapter. As a rule, the result is the reflection of the electromagnetic wines after the material has dried, so that the released energy no longer leads to the heating of the fixed bed.

The essence of the technical solution

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art to overcome and make available a device which allows a solid bed of different materials with different moisture and polarity to heat energy efficiently and evenly if necessary to allow thermally initiated processes beds used for gas drying, as well as catalytic conversions of the adsorbability of the substances.

The task of the technical solution is solved according to the independent claim. The dependent claims include preferred embodiments,

According to the invention, there is provided an apparatus for separating the components of a gaseous mixture by adsorption onto a solid bed which comprises a gas-tight hollow body forming a reaction space for adsorption, a solid bed arranged in the gas-tight body. partially, a first orifice for introducing the gas mixture into the hollow body, a second orifice for discharging the gas mixture from the gas-tight hollow body, and at least one electrode which is connected to a radio frequency (RF) generator, wherein at least one electrode forms a portion of the gas-tight hollow body and / or at least a portion of the at least one electrode is disposed within the solid bed, and adjacent to the second opening a moisture sensor is disposed in the solid bed. In the following, the term "gas-tight" is understood to mean that the parasitic container inadvertently leaving the gas flow is very small compared to the gas flow entering through the openings provided therefor. In particular, the gas stream inadvertently leaving the container contains less than 10%, preferably less than 3%, even more preferably less than 0.3% of the gas flow entering through the openings provided therefor.

According to the invention, the arrangement also consists of a reaction chamber having at least one inlet and at least one outlet for the gas stream and in which a solid bed is arranged which can at least partially adsorb the at least one gas component. The solid bed is located at least partially in the area of impact of the at least one electrode, which is again connected to the RF generator. Preferably, an electronic matching circuit is provided between the at least one electrode and the RF generator, which allows the varying solid bed impedance to be adapted to the internal resistance of the RF generator.

Preferably, the first opening and the second opening are arranged on the gas-tight hollow body opposite each other. Optionally, means for introducing the gaseous mixture may be provided at the first opening and means for removing the gaseous mixture at the second opening. The means for supplying and discharging the gas mixture are equipped so as to be able to provide a continuous gas flow.

The first and second apertures of the gas-tight hollow body essentially serve to inlet and outlet the gas stream. Therefore, the cross-section of the holes is comparatively small compared to the total surface of the hollow body. Preferably, the cross-sectional area of the first or second aperture is less than 20%, preferably less than 10%, even more preferably less than 5% of the surface of the gas-tight hollow body. According to the invention, the hollow body may have further openings, for example for mounting sensors or the like.

According to the invention, the gas-tight hollow body is at least 50%, preferably 70%, even more preferably 90% filled with a solid bed. The solid bed is preferably loose solid bed.

However, in other preferred variations, solids are also used as ceramic moldings, particularly preferably as honeycomb molds. In principle, all arrangements which make sufficient contact of the gas stream with the solid bodies are suitable in this context. Furthermore, a uniform concept of a solid bed is used for all variants.

In a preferred embodiment, the at least one electrode is positioned in a gas-tight hollow body such that it is arranged in the solid bed or along the solid bed at least 50%, preferably at least 70%, even more preferably at least 90%. Thereby, at least one solids electrode according to the invention switches over its greatest spatial span (at least at least 50%, preferably at least 70%), even more preferably at least 90%.

In another preferred embodiment, the at least one electrode is disposed perpendicular to the axis of the reactor body.

In this case, the at least one electrode according to the invention occupies at least 50%, preferably at least 70%, even more preferably at least 90% of the cross-section of the solid bed.

In a preferred embodiment, the gas-tight hollow body in its outer shape is a cylinder.

In another preferred embodiment, it is a block. Preferred embodiments are further characterized in that the cross-section perpendicular to the direction of flow through the reactor does not change substantially (preferably less than 30%, even more preferably less than 10%). However, the invention is not limited to one particular shape of a gas-tight hollow

SK 5588 Υ1 other arbitrary geometries are possible without limiting the function of the arrangement.

The base surface and the cover surface of the cylindrical gas-tight hollow body are preferably designed as insulating components, the insulating components being designed and perforated and thus can be gas-permeable. In this context, insulating means that the RF conductivity of materials is negligible. In another preferred embodiment, the first or second aperture is located on the (insulating) base surface, respectively. (insulating) cover surface of the cylindrical gas-tight hollow body, respectively; these openings as a whole are realized by perforated materials.

In a preferred variant according to the invention, the at least one electrode has a hollow body, in particular with a shielding or a hollow body. an outer jacket of the reactor, electrically conductive connected. In a preferred variant according to the invention, the hollow body or part of the hollow body of the electrode itself is according to the technical solution. In another preferred variant according to the invention, the at least one electrode constitutes the base surface of the cylindrical or cuboid hollow body. Advantageously, the electrode may be gas-permeable or perforated.

Preferably, the electrodes are used in pairs. According to the invention, the electrodes are then supplied with a high-frequency AC voltage, one of which is referred to as a cold electrode and one of the electrodes as a hot electrode. A grounded electrode is defined as the cold electrode. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the cold electrode is electrically conductively connected to the outer casing of the hollow body, respectively. the outer sheath is itself a cold electrode.

In a further embodiment of the invention, more than two electrodes are provided which are supplied with a high frequency AC voltage. Preferably, one or more hot electrodes are used.

The cold and hot electrodes are preferably connected to an electronic control circuit and between the two electrodes there is a solid bed or at least a portion of the solid bed.

Rod or plate electrodes are preferably used as electrodes. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, parallel plate electrodes are used. The parallel plate electrodes provide a very low gradient temperature profile for the homogeneous solid bed and are moreover suitable for homogeneous heating.

According to the invention, the electrodes can also be arranged coaxially. Moreover, the coaxial arrangement is suitable to reduce electromagnetic radiation to the environment.

In this case, a solid bed is located between the outer cylindrical sheath electrode, which is preferably connected as a cold electrode, and the rod or tubular inner electrode, which preferably functions as a hot electrode. The circuit is thus a cylindrical capacitor. Although the radially outwardly decreasing electric field strength leads to inhomogeneous heating, sufficient heat stability through the fixed beds can be ensured by heat transfer processes in the fixed bed.

The choice of electrode geometry, from which further variants are possible, is determined by the requirements of the respective process (necessary temperature homogeneity, mechanical wiring requirements, heating rates to be achieved, etc.). Preferably, both electrodes are separated by insulating or perforated components.

According to the invention, the electrodes are connected to a RF generator that provides a high frequency voltage with a frequency of between 1 and 50 MHz through an electronic matching circuit, the so-called Matchbox. The electronic matching circuit enables the varying impedance of the solids bed to be tuned to the internal resistance of the RF generator and thus allows the reflectionless transmission of the RF energy from the generator to the solid bed. Thereby, in contrast to conventional microwave devices, there is the possibility of a very energy-efficient heating of the solid bed and the transferred RF energy can almost completely be converted into process heat. Especially preferred is the use of frequencies that are freed for the industrial, scientific and medical fields, such as ISM frequencies of 13.56 or 27 MHz.

Preferably, the wiring further comprises at least one temperature sensor with optical fibers which is connected to the evaluation device. Advantageously, sensors for characterizing the gas composition are further provided in the inlet region and / or outflow region of the gas mixture. In a preferred embodiment, the individual sensors and evaluation devices are connected to a personal computer with a process control system. In a preferred variant of the device, a moisture sensor is provided in front of the end of the solid bed, which detects the load state of the adsorber and indicates the impending water front of the load front.

Optionally, means for adding and / or dispensing the transfer medium are provided at the inlet to the reactor or in the inlet region of the reactor. The transfer medium delivery means may be used to initiate a thermochromatographic pulse. Preferably, water is used as the transfer medium. The thermochromatographic pulse is not only suitable for thermal desorption of the adsorbability of organic gaseous components or for initiating catalyzed reactions. The thermochromatographic pulse can also be used for drying processes when the solid bed has not been loaded until the load capacity has been reached. In this case, water injections and the resulting pulse may result in additional water being removed from the fixed bed.

SK 5588 Υ1

Adsorbents such as activated carbon, zeolites of various structures or porous metal oxides, as well as mixtures thereof, are used as solid bed materials. They preferably have a high porosity with a large specific surface area (typically more than 100 m ² / g, more preferably 200 m ² / g). In many cases, the material is blended with a fastener prior to compression to achieve better mechanical stability. In the following, however, these mixed materials are referred to simply as sorbent active ingredients.

In a preferred variant for gas drying, it is a hydrophilic zeolite, zeolites 3A, 4A, NaY and 13X being particularly preferred. In another preferred variation, hydrophobic materials are used to remove hydrophobic materials such as non-polar organic compounds from the gas stream. Particularly preferred herein is the use of a solid bed material that contains dealuminized Y-zeolite with a high Si / Al ratio.

In the case of a planned reactive conversion of a previously adsorbed gaseous component, it is preferable to use an additional catalyst component in the solid bed. The catalysts used are, for example, noble metals, preferably platinum or perowskite or other oxide materials. The catalysts are preferably applied to porous support materials. These porous materials typically have a porosity of between 0.2 and 0.7.

The solid to be used as an adsorber and / or catalyst is in particular a granulate or other bulk material, the grain diameters preferably being in the millimeter area. According to the invention they are particularly suitable for sieving in the range from 0.1 to 10 mm, preferably from 1 to 5 mm, even more preferably from 1 to 3 mm.

Preferably, an inorganic or organic gas component is removed from the gas mixture. For example, carbon dioxide, oxygen and sulfur compounds can be removed from the gas mixture to be purified.

Particularly preferably, the devices according to the invention are used for drying gaseous mixtures. The substance to be removed is particularly preferably water.

The regeneration of the adsorber can be carried out, for example, by means of radio waves, whereby a pressure reduction in the plant can be achieved. In this embodiment, the device comprises an additional means for generating radio waves.

The device described above permits a number of application options, some of which are described in the following, in order to describe the function of the device and the role of the individual components in more detail.

It is understood that the technical solution is not limited to the specific equipment, composition and conditions as described herein, as these may vary. It is further understood that the terminology used hitherto serves solely to describe specific embodiments and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the invention. As used throughout the specification, including the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. For example, the reference to "transmission medium dosing means" includes a single or multiple means, which may again be identical or different.

The device allows different modes of energy input and in particular heating of the fixed bed and implementation of different temperature profiles. In particular, the fixed beds can be heated, homogeneously and not bound to the carrier gas, as compared to the alternatives of the prior art, and technically relevant volumes can also be processed on a liter scale and a cubic meter scale. Preferably, the volume of solid bed in the apparatus according to the invention is 0.001 to 100 cubic meters, preferably 0.01 to 10 cubic meters.

In addition, as already described, it is also possible, as already described, to initiate fixed beds passing through the coupled pulse-material current-temperature, the so-called thermochromatographic pulse, by injecting the transfer medium. For this purpose, a transfer medium, preferably water, is injected into the gas stream and adsorbed at least partially on the bed material. This leads to increased absorption of RF energy in the corresponding region of the fixed bed, which in turn leads to increased heating. This results in desorption of the transmission medium and further transport with the gas stream. If cooler regions of the fixed bed are reached, adsorption and local overheating are again performed. This process continues continuously until the thermochromatographic pulse passes through the fixed beds and reaches the reactor outlet. The selective temperature increase makes it possible to achieve the desired thermally initiated processes such as solid bed regeneration during gas drying or gas adsorption separation and catalytic conversion of the adsorbability of the gaseous components very energy efficient.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 shows an apparatus according to the invention for the treatment of gases, in particular for the drying of natural gas or biogas; FIG. 2 shows a preferred electrode geometry for realizing the dielectric heating of the solid bed; FIG. 3a shows the drying of gas through a bed of solid zeolite 13X at room temperature, FIG. 3b heat recovery of the fixed bed (zeolite 13X) by means of high frequency heating.

SK 5588 Υ1 fig. 4a shows drying of the gas through a loose bed of NaY zeolite at room temperature, and FIG. 4b heat recovery of the fixed bed (NaY zeolite) by means of high frequency heating.

EXAMPLES

An exemplary embodiment for an arrangement according to the invention is shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 shows an apparatus according to the invention for gas drying with the following components. The cuboid hollow body 1 is filled with a solid bed 4. A gas mixture flows through the first opening 2 into the solid bed 4. Through the second aperture 3 the dried gas leaves the hollow body 1. The hot electrode 6 is located in the center of the solid bed 4 along the longitudinal axis of the hollow body 1. The cold electrode 5 represents a partially outer sheath of the cuboid hollow body 1. perforated components 14 which insulate the electrodes 5 and 6 from each other. The electrodes 5 and 6 are connected to an RF generator 8 via an electronic matching circuit 7 to supply the RF voltage. The temperature in the bed 4 of the solid is monitored by means of a fiber optic temperature sensor 9 which is connected to the evaluation apparatus 10. A moisture sensor 15 is located in front of the second opening 3, shortly before the gas leaves the solid bed 4 again. Sensors for characterizing the gas composition 12 are arranged in both the gas inlet and outlet areas. The individual sensors and evaluation devices are connected to a personal computer 13 with a process control system. A means for dispensing the transfer medium 11 for initiating the thermochromatographic pulse is located at the beginning of the solid bed 4.

Figure 2 shows the preferred electrode geometry for realizing the dielectric heating of the solid bed 4. The parallel plate electrodes can be arranged parallel to the flow direction. In this case, the hot electrode 6 is disposed in the solid bed 4. The outer sheath of the hollow body 1 represents a partially cold electrode 5 (Figure 2a). An alternative variant is shown in Figure 2b. The parallel plate electrodes are positioned vertically upstream, the solid bed 4 being positioned between the electrodes. The gas stream reaches and exits the solid bed 4 by flowing through the electrodes 5 and 6. perforated. The parallel plate electrodes provide a temperature profile with a very small gradient for a homogeneous solid bed and are thus most suitable for homogeneous heating.

In another embodiment, the electrodes are arranged coaxially (Figure 2c). The rod or tubular electrode 6 is thereby surrounded by a cold sheath electrode 5. The solid bed 4 is located between the sheath electrode 5 and the inner electrode 6. The coaxial arrangement of this structure is most suitable to reduce the electromagnetic radiation to the environment.

Example of use 1

In example 1, the device is used to dry the gas stream for a certain period of time and subsequently to regenerate the adsorption bed, which consists of a 13X type zeolite, by thermally homogeneous heating by means of RF energy. Figure 3 shows the results.

In a laboratory experiment, 0.8 g of zeolite 13X with a grain size of between 1 and 3 mm was used. The zeolite was loaded up to an average humidity of 6.4 wt. %, whereby the dried gas stream left the bed (Figure 3a). In the present case, the bed was partially permeable to better monitor desorption. This method of operation differs from that which is preferred in practice for gas drying. Here, the flow through the fixed bed should be sought with the best possible contact between the gas stream to be dried and the adsorbent particles. The slight increase in temperature during drying can be extended to the adsorption heat of water at zeolite. Size _m represents the mass flow of water, T _probe indicates the temperature of the sample at the measuring point in the center of the solid bed. The difference between the input value _mm and _Wnac h thus corresponds to the drying efficiency.

During the regeneration phase (fixed bed heat drying), the sample is heated by radio wines (total system power of about 100 W, high losses due to the small size of the apparatus). The rising temperatures were uniform across the sample and a plateau value of about 150 ° C was reached relatively quickly (Figure 3b). At this temperature effective effluent from the fixed bed and regenerative drying of the adsorber 13X were carried out, which in turn can be used again for gas drying. In this experiment, the residual moisture of the zeolite was about 1.6 wt. %.

Application example 2

In the application example 2, the devices according to the invention are also used in order to dehumidify the gas stream and to heat-clean the adsorber after the water has penetrated by reaching the load capacity of the adsorber. In this case, the regeneration is effected by initiating a thermochromatographic pulse. Figure 4 shows the results.

In this case, the NaY zeolite (5.7 g, particle size 1 to 2 mm) was loaded at room temperature. The final load was about 26 wt. %. Figure 4a shows clearly efficient drying, until the load capacity is reached at about 800 min, water penetration can be recorded and the inlet moisture is also achieved at the reactor outlet.

SK 5588 Υί

A slight temperature increase of 5 to 10 K at several measuring points in the solid bed can again be related to the released adsorption enthalpy. Temperature indices indicate the position of the sensors in the fixed bed in the flow direction. The subsequent temperature rise through adsorption heat indicates the water front of the zeolite bed.

The regeneration of the adsorber is carried out by means of radio waves, whereby at the beginning of the fixed bed a thermochromatographic pulse is generated, which as the front of the temperature runs through the embankment. The selective temperature increase in the pulse (about 100 K at the first two measurement locations shown in Figure 4b), in particular, allows the energy-efficient drying of the fixed bed. The average residual moisture of the zeolite after drying was 1.5 wt. %, which allows the gas to be dried again. If necessary, lower residual moisture of the adsorber can also be achieved.

PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS

Claims (37)

1. Apparatus for separating constituents of a gaseous mixture by means of adsorption to a solid bed and the possibility of thermal regeneration of a solid bed, comprising: - a hollow body (1) which forms the space for adsorption, - a solid bed (4) arranged in the hollow body (1) which is capable of at least partially absorbing at least one gaseous component, - a first opening (2) capable of introducing the gas mixture into the hollow body (1), a second opening (3), which is capable of discharging the gaseous mixture from the hollow body (1), and - at least one electrode (5, 6) which is connected to a radio frequency (RF) generator (8) with a frequency between 1 and 50 MHz, characterized in that at least one electrode (5, 6) forms part of a gas-tight hollow body (1) and / or is electrically conductively connected thereto and / or at least a portion of the at least one electrode (5, 6) is arranged inside the solid bed (4) and that a sensor is located next to the second opening (3) in the solid bed (4) (15) moisture. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the solid bed (4) fills the gas-tight hollow body (1) by at least 50%, preferably 70%, even more preferably 90%. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first opening (2) and the second opening (3) are arranged opposite each other on the gas-tight hollow body (1). Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one means for supplying the gaseous mixture is provided at the first opening (2). Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one means for evacuating the gaseous mixture is provided at the second opening (3). Apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the means for introducing and the means for discharging the gas mixture are designed to realize a continuous gas flow. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one electrode (5, 6) of the solid bed (4) switches along its largest spatial dimension by at least 50%, preferably at least 70%, even more preferably at least 90%. %. Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gas-tight hollow body (1) is designed as a cylinder or a cuboid. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the at least one electrode (5, 6) forms the base surface of the cylindrical or cuboid hollow body (1). Device according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the at least one electrode (5, 6) is gas permeable and / or perforated. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one electrode (5, 6) is connected to a means for supplying a high-frequency voltage. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one electrode (5, 6) is a plate electrode. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the at least one electrode (5, 6) is a rod electrode. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device has two electrodes (5, 6). Device according to claim 14, characterized in that one of the two electrodes is a cold grounded electrode (5) and one of the two electrodes is a hot electrode (6). Device according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the electrodes (5, 6) are arranged in parallel. Device according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the electrodes (5, 6) are arranged coaxially. SK 5588 Υ1 Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device has more than two electrodes (5, 6). Device according to claim 18, characterized in that the device has one hot electrode (6) and a plurality of cold electrodes (5). Apparatus according to one of Claims 15 to 19, characterized in that the cold electrode (5) is electrically conductively connected to the hollow body (1). Apparatus according to one of claims 15 to 20, characterized in that the cold electrode (5) is at least 50%, preferably at least 70%, even more preferably at least 90%, of the gas-tight hollow body (1) itself. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a temperature sensor (9) with an optical fiber is arranged in the solid bed (4). Device according to claim 22, characterized in that the temperature sensor (9) with the optical fibers is connected to an evaluation device (10). Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a sensor (12) for characterizing the gas mixture is arranged in the gas stream at the first orifice (2) and / or the second orifice (3). Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the RF generator (8) provides a voltage of 13.56 or 27 MHz. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that means for adding a transmission medium (11) for initiating the thermochromatographic pulse are arranged next to the first opening (2). Device according to claim 26, characterized in that the transmission medium (11) is water. Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the solid bed (4) is an adsorbent material, preferably activated carbon, a zeolite of various structures, porous metal oxides or mixtures thereof. Apparatus according to claim 28, characterized in that the adsorbent material is a hydrophilic, preferably hydrophilic zeolite, in particular zeolite 3A, zeolite 4A, zeolite NaY or zeolite 13X. Device according to claim 28, characterized in that the adsorbent material is a hydrophobic, preferably dealuminized Y-zeolite with a high Si / Al ratio. Apparatus according to one of claims 28 to 30, characterized in that the adsorbent material has a high porosity with specific surfaces greater than 100 m ² / g, preferably greater than 200 m ² / g. Apparatus according to one of claims 28 to 31, characterized in that the adsorbent material is a bulk material with a particle size of 0.1 to 10 mm, preferably 1 to 5 mm, even more preferably 1 to 3 mm. Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the components adsorbed from the gas stream are inorganic or organic gas, preferably carbon dioxide, oxygen, volatile organic compounds or sulfur compounds and / or water. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the solid bed (4) comprises a catalyst. Apparatus according to claim 34, characterized in that the catalyst is a noble metal, preferably platinum or palladium, or perowskite. The apparatus of claim 34 or 35, wherein the catalyst is supported on porous support materials with a porosity between 0.2 and 0.7. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the volume of the solid bed (4) is 0.001 to 100 cubic meters, preferably 0.01 to 10 cubic meters, even more preferably 0.1 to 10 cubic meters. 4 drawings