DE102013111331A1 - Composite material, method for reducing the content of a low molecular weight substance in a carrier gas, method for transferring heat and method for carrying out a catalytic reaction - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a material composite part (1) for storing and / or conducting heat, comprising at least one metallic component (10) and a component of at least one zeolite (50), wherein the composite material part (1) has at least one volume region in which the metallic component (10) of the zeolite (50) is at least partially wrapped. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for reducing the content of a low molecular weight substance in a carrier gas, in particular for reducing the water content of a carrier gas, and a method for transferring heat and a method for carrying out a catalytic reaction.

Description

The present invention relates to a composite material part for storing and / or conducting heat. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for reducing the content of a low molecular weight substance in a carrier gas, in particular for reducing the water content of a carrier gas, and a method for transferring heat and a method for carrying out a catalytic reaction.

The composite material part according to the invention has a component of at least one zeolite. By zeolites is usually meant hydrous framework silicates wherein a zeolite mineral is a crystalline substance having a structure of angularly linked tetrahedra. Each tetrahedron has four oxygen atoms, each surrounding a cation.

An industrial application of a zeolite is among others from the DE 10 2010 002 737 A1 It is known that zeolitic adsorbents can be used for high-temperature condensation.

Zeolites can be used as heat storage. The disadvantage of this, however, is the low thermal conductivity of the zeolites for the purpose of delivering the stored heat and / or the strong binding of liquids through the zeolites.

The present invention is therefore based on the object, a composite material part and a method for reducing the proportion of a low molecular weight substance in a carrier gas, in particular for reducing the proportion of water, and a method for transferring heat and a method for carrying out a catalytic reaction available provide, in a simple, reliable and cost-effective manner, the storage or conduction of heat and the reduction of the proportion of a low molecular weight substance in a carrier gas, if necessary, while performing a catalytic reaction.

This object is achieved by the composite material part according to the invention according to claim 1, by the method for reducing the proportion of a low molecular weight substance in a carrier gas according to claim 7, by a method for transferring heat according to claim 9 and by a method for carrying out a catalytic reaction according to claim 10 solved. Advantageous embodiments of the composite material part according to the invention are specified in the subclaims 2 to 6. An advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention for reducing the proportion of a low molecular weight substance in a carrier gas is specified in claim 8.

The composite material part according to the invention, which can serve for the storage and / or conduction of heat, comprises at least one metallic component and one component of at least one zeolite, wherein the composite material part has at least one volume region in which the metallic component is at least partially enveloped by the zeolite. The zeolite used as zeolite mineral is a crystalline substance whose structure is formed by a skeleton of corner-sharing tetrahedra, each tetrahedron having four oxygen atoms surrounding a cation. This framework can be interrupted by OH and F groups. These groups occupy the tetrahedral tips but are not shared with adjacent tetrahedra. Typically, the framework comprises open cavities in the form of cages and channels. These can be occupied by H ₂ O molecules and other cations. The channels are large enough that guest molecules can pass through them. Such zeolites can be dewatered at temperatures of mostly below 400 ° C, this dewatering is largely reversible.

In particular, the zeolite used may be a crystalline aluminosilicate, such as, for example M ^{n +} _{x / n} [(AlO ₂₎ ^- _x (SiO _{2) y]}

M is a metal, in particular alkali or alkaline earth metal, and n is the charge of the metal M. The molar ratio of SiO ₂ to AIO ₂ (y / x) is ≥ 1.

The metals are used for electrical charge compensation of the negatively charged aluminum tetrahedra. They are not built into the main lattice of the crystal, but are easily movable within the lattice and, in hindsight, interchangeable.

The described zeolites accordingly have a structure of substantially uniform pores and / or channels in which substances can be adsorbed. This means that such zeolites can absorb water and other low molecular weight substances and release them again when heated, their crystal structure remaining unchanged.

The zeolites heat up significantly on contact with low molecular weight substances, such as, for example, water vapor from moist air or flue gases. Depending on the type of zeolite (depending on the crystal structure in heteroatoms), the temperatures can rise up to 250 ° C. The reason for the temperature rise is due to the adsorption process of a low molecular weight substance, especially water, released energy. Adsorption can be carried out as physisorption and / or chemisorption. As a result, essentially a fixation of the water vapor on the inner surface of the zeolite is achieved. This means that the water molecules lose their mobility and release the corresponding energy to the zeolite in the course of a condensation process as well as due to the expiring adsorption. As a result, the zeolite heats up.

Due to the fact that the zeolites have a low thermal conductivity compared to metallic materials, it is provided according to the invention to mix the zeolitic material with metallic components in order to increase the thermal conductivity of the resulting composite material. The zeolitic component can be arranged in the form of a zeolite powder on or on the metallic component in order to realize a preferably homogeneous mixing of the two components. It is thereby provided a porous solid having relatively high thermal conductivity, so that energy introduced into the zeolite is available in the form of heat via the metallic component. Consequently, the composite material part according to the invention can serve not only for dehumidifying a carrier gas, but also for heat storage or heat conduction.

In a preferred embodiment, the composite material part according to the invention comprises a base element such as e.g. a tube or plate adjacent to the zeolite. This can be realized in particular by a flat contact of the zeolitic component on the base element, wherein the arrangement of a thermally conductive intermediate layer made of a further material between the zeolitic component and the base element should not be excluded from the invention. The base element itself is preferably also made of a metallic material. In this embodiment, the base member is also a component of the metallic component of the composite material part. The base element can in particular be a tube, wherein the composite of the metallic component and the zeolitic component can be arranged on the outside and / or inside of the tube. In an alternative embodiment, the base element is a plate-shaped element or a sheet with a zeolitic component arranged thereon or else a mixture of zeolitic component and metallic component.

In a particular embodiment of the composite material part according to the invention, this has a metallic component in the form of a plurality of particles distributed substantially uniformly in zeolite. In this embodiment variant, the metallic particles, insofar as they are not located on the surface of the composite, are completely enveloped by the zeolitic component. The particles have an average maximum extension s and have a distance d to adjacent particles, wherein the average maximum extent s and the distance d preferably satisfy the following condition: s ≤ d ≤ 10s

The adjacent particles are those particles which have the smallest distance from each other in the three spatial coordinate directions.

In a further embodiment variant, it is provided that the metallic component of the composite material part is in the form of at least one, essentially chaotically extending metal wire in the zeolite. This means that here the material composite is realized by a wire tangle in the zeolitic component.

Further embodiments of the composite material are the arrangement of a metallic component in the form of a wire mesh, wire mesh, Drahtgeleges, Drahtgehäkels or Drahtgewirkes in the zeolitic component. These knits, fabrics, scrims, crochet or knitted fabric can be realized from one or more wires.

When using wires as the metallic component, it is preferably provided that at least one wire makes thermal contact with the base element. For wire knits, wire mesh, wire crochet, wire gauze and wire knit, preferably several wires electrically contact the base member.

In a further embodiment of the composite material part according to the invention it is provided that the metallic component is in the form of a web which is embedded in the zeolite. That is, in this embodiment variant, there is no complete covering of the web, since its side serving for attachment to the base element does not adjoin the zeolitic component. In particular, the web can have the form of a rod or a rib and extend substantially perpendicularly or at an angle between 5 ° and 85 ° to the base element. In particular, the base element can be designed as a tube and have a plurality of ribs which extend radially to the outside and / or to the inside of the tube, wherein the ribs are embedded in the zeolitic component. They can extend transversely or longitudinally to the longitudinal direction of the tube and are embedded in zeolite. When aligned transversely to the longitudinal direction, the ribs for Example, be designed as discrete discs, which increase the circumference of the composite material part accordingly.

In a particular embodiment, the base element is designed as a tube and has at least one rib, which runs helically on the outside or on the inside of the tube and is embedded in zeolite.

For supplying and / or dissipating heat, at least a part of the metallic component and / or the base element or a web arranged thereon can be designed to be heatable and / or coolable. For this purpose, the composite material part for the supply and removal of a heating or cooling medium, such as water, configured, such as with fluid channels in the base member and / or the ribs or webs.

With the composite material part according to the invention, a device for carrying out a catalytic reaction can be realized, this device having, in addition to the composite material part, a device for supplying reactants to the composite material part and a device for supplying and / or dissipating heat to or from the metallic component of the composite material part , Thereby, the composite material part is temperature-controlled, so that heat from the composite material part to the reactants or from the reactants to the composite material part for the purpose of realization or facilitation of the catalytic reaction is transferable.

Another aspect of the present invention is a method for reducing the content of a low molecular weight substance in a carrier gas, in particular for reducing the water content of a carrier gas. In this method, a composite material part according to the invention is provided, and exposed the zeolitic component of a carrier gas with a proportion of a low molecular weight substance, in particular a flue gas with water content. The low molecular weight substance of the carrier gas condenses and / or adsorbs at least proportionally to and / or in the zeolitic component of the composite material part. The mentioned carrier gas may also be a gas mixture, such as moist air or moist flue gas. The process of the invention can be used to dry any gases that are moist. In addition to the purpose of dehumidifying the carrier gas, this method also serves to transfer energy of the low molecular weight substance to the material composite part, since the condensation energy and the adsorption energy is transferred to the zeolitic component of the composite material part. This also allows storage of the registered heat in the composite material part. This means that the method according to the invention not only serves for dehumidifying, but also for the storage or transfer of heat. The heat input can be made available to a technical process.

After taking up a proportion of the low molecular weight substance in the form of a liquid in the zeolite, this low molecular weight substance can be expelled from the zeolitic component by heating the composite material part. This is preferably realized by transfer of heat to the metallic component and / or directly to the zeolitic component, such as by contacting the composite material part with water vapor. This means that direct heating with pure steam can take place for desorption. In order to free the occupied inner surfaces of the zeolite body of the molecules of the low molecular weight substance, the supply of thermal energy is necessary, which should preferably be at a temperature level that does not cancel the energetic advantage of the energy release. This means that the method according to the invention should be carried out in such a way that, overall, there is an optimum efficiency with respect to the heat produced when the low molecular weight substance is absorbed and the heat to be expended during desorption. Overall, the lowest possible increase in entropy of the entire condensation and expulsion process should be recorded. The expelled gaseous portion of the low molecular weight substance, such as water vapor, can be used elsewhere for process purposes. When storing the condensation energy and subsequent expulsion of the low molecular weight substance by further heating, the heat introduced by means of condensation or adsorption can be used to disperse the low molecular weight substance, such as water.

A further aspect of the present invention is a method for transferring heat, in which the method for reducing the proportion of a low molecular weight substance in a carrier gas is carried out, wherein the heat absorbed by means of condensation and / or adsorption at least partially via the metallic component to another Medium is discharged. It is thus realized a heat transfer from the zeolitic component to the metallic component and preferably also to the base member of the composite material part, which also consists of a metallic material. From the metallic component or from the base element, the heat can be transferred to a further medium, wherein this heat transfer is very efficient due to the good thermal conductivity of the metallic component.

The present invention is completed by a process for carrying out a catalytic reaction in which a composite material of the invention is provided and the zeolitic component interacts with reactants, the zeolitic component acting as a catalyst of the reaction and the reaction via the metallic component Heat is supplied or heat is removed from the reaction via the metallic component. Optionally, a heat supply and a heat dissipation can take place successively during a reaction. The reaction to be reacted is preferably a heterogeneous catalytic reaction. The catalytic reaction is made possible or facilitated by the inventive supply of heat or dissipation of heat.

The present invention will be explained below with reference to the embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

It shows

1 a configured as a finned tube material composite part in sectional view,

2 a configured as a smooth tube material composite part in sectional view,

3 a configured as a smooth tube material composite part with externally arrange tem particle mixture in sectional view,

4 a ribbed tube provided with obliquely arranged ribs as a material composite part in sectional view,

5 a provided with arranged on the inside ribs smooth tube as a composite material part in a sectional view.

From the individual figures each different embodiments of the composite material part according to the invention can be seen. The 1 . 4 and 5 show composite material parts 1 in which the metallic component consists of at least webs 40 are realized, each on one side of one here as a pipe 12 executed base element 11 are arranged. The webs are not limited to the illustrated relatively short dimensions, but they can also be designed as ribs or discs. In contrast to the versions of the composite material part 1 with bars 40 is in 2 a variant of the composite material part 1 shown in which the metallic component 10 through a metal wire 30 is executed. Also in this embodiment, the base element 11 inasmuch as it also consists of a metallic material, part of the metallic component 10 be.

In the embodiment according to 3 is the basic element 11 also as a pipe 12 executed, wherein the metallic component 10 particle 20 includes that in the zeolitic component 50 are embedded.

To explain the individual embodiments, the individual figures will be discussed below.

The embodiment according to 1 is a pipe 12 executed base element 11 represented, on the outside of webs 40 are arranged, the metallic version of a metallic component 10 of the composite material part 1 form. The bridges 40 are from the zeolitic component 50 , that is covered by one or more zeolites, or at least partially covered. In one at the zeolitic component 50 adjacent carrier gas 2 contained water molecules 70 can in the zeolitic component 50 penetrate and, given a temperature difference, in the zeolitic component 50 condense and / or adsorb while releasing a corresponding energy, as heat in the metallic component 10 or the webs 40 can be transmitted and via the base element 11 to another medium 3 in the pipe 12 can be transferred.

In the embodiment according to 2 is the zeolitic component 50 as a layer on the outside 14 as the base element 11 serving pipe arranged. In the zeolitic component 50 is at least one metal wire 30 arranged as a metallic component, which may be substantially confused or chaotic. This metal wire 30 preferably contacts the base member 11 at several points. The absorption of water molecules 70 as well as the resulting heat transfer takes place here as well 1 described.

In the embodiment according to 3 is on the outside 14 as the base element 11 serving pipe 12 a mixture layer 60 arranged in which a metallic component 10 as a particle 20 in the zeolitic component 50 recorded or embedded. This can be seen in particular from the section A shown enlarged, in which it can be seen that the particle 20 the metallic component 10 together with the zeolitic component 50 are present in a mixed state, wherein the particles 20 the metallic component 10 preferably have a density such that adjacent particles 20 contact each other. The density of the particles 20 However, it is sufficiently low that how to 1 described water molecules 70 from the zeolitic component 50 can be included. The dissipation of the resulting heat takes place through the particles 20 the metallic component 10 to the base element 11 ,

In 4 shows an embodiment in which a metallic component 10 in the form of bars 40 on the outside 14 one as a basic element 11 executed pipe 12 is formed, in which case the webs 40 at an angle of 5 ° to 85 ° to the outside 14 of the pipe 12 run. The bridges 40 are from the zeolitic component 50 wrapped or embedded in this. The entry of water molecules 70 as well as the dissipation of heat becomes like 1 described realized.

In 5 is a similar design as in 4 represented here, wherein here the metallic component 10 at least partially forming webs 40 from the inside 13 as the base element 11 serving pipe 12 extend radially. Also these bars 40 are from the zeolitic component 50 envelops. Here, the absorption of water molecules takes place 70 such that the water molecules 70 from one in the interior of the pipe 12 existing carrier gas 20 into the zeolitic component 50 occur, with the thereby released condensation and heat of adsorption on the webs 40 and from these to the base element 11 is transferred, and from the base member 11 turn to one on the outside 14 of the pipe 12 attached further medium 3 is transmitted.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

 1

 Material composite part

 2

 carrier gas

 3

 another medium

 10

 metallic component

 11

 base element

 12

 pipe

 13

 inside

 14

 outside

 20

 particle

 30

 metal wire

 40

 web

 50

 zeolitic component

 60

 mixing layer

 70

 water molecule

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102010002737 A1 [0003]

Claims (10)

Composite material part ( 1 ) for storing and / or conducting heat, comprising at least one metallic component ( 10 ) as well as a component of at least one zeolite ( 50 ), wherein the composite material part ( 1 ) has at least one volume region in which the metallic component ( 10 ) of the zeolite ( 50 ) is enveloped at least in sections. Composite component according to claim 1, characterized in that the composite material part ( 1 ) a base element ( 11 ), to the zeolite ( 50 ) adjoins. Composite component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metallic component ( 10 ) in the form of several, substantially uniform in zeolite ( 50 ) distributed particles ( 20 ) is present. Composite component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metallic component ( 10 ) in the form of at least one substantially chaotically extending metal wire ( 30 ) in zeolite ( 50 ) is present. Composite component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metallic component ( 10 ) in the form of a wire mesh, wire mesh, Drahtgelege, Drahtgehäkel or Drahtgewirke is present. Composite component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metallic component ( 10 ) in the form of a bridge ( 40 ) present in the zeolite ( 50 ) is embedded. Process for reducing the proportion of a low-molecular substance in a carrier gas ( 2 ), in particular for reducing the water content of a carrier gas ( 2 ), in which a composite material part ( 1 ) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, the zeolitic component ( 50 ) a carrier gas ( 2 ) is exposed with a proportion of a low molecular weight substance, in particular a flue gas with water content, so that the low molecular weight substance of the carrier gas ( 2 ) at least proportionately to and / or in the zeolitic component ( 50 ) condensed and / or adsorbed. Method for reducing the proportion of a low molecular weight substance in a carrier gas according to claim 7, characterized in that the low molecular weight substance from the zeolitic component ( 50 ) by heating the composite material part ( 1 ) is expelled. Process for the transfer of heat, in which the process for reducing the proportion of a low molecular weight substance in a carrier gas ( 1 ) is carried out according to one of claims 7 and 8, wherein the heat absorbed by means of condensation and / or adsorption at least partially via the metallic component ( 10 ) to another medium ( 3 ) is delivered. Method for carrying out a catalytic reaction, in which a composite material part ( 1 ) according to any one of claims 1 to 6 and the zeolitic component ( 50 ) interacts with reactants, the zeolitic component ( 50 ) acts as a catalyst of the reaction, and the reaction via the metallic component ( 10 ) Heat is supplied or the reaction via the metallic component ( 10 ) Heat is removed.

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