AT11393U1 - DEVICE FOR TREATING GASES, IN PARTICULAR FOR DRYING NATURAL GAS OR BIOGAS - Google Patents

Abstract

Device for the separation of components of a gas mixture by means of adsorption on a solid bed and possibility for thermal regeneration of the solid bed comprising: - a hollow body (1) forming a space for adsorption, - a solid bed (4) arranged in the hollow body (1) is suitable to at least partially adsorb at least one gas component, - a first opening (2) which is adapted to introduce the gas mixture into the hollow body (1), - a second opening (3) which is suitable, the gas mixture from the hollow body (1) and at least one electrode (5, 6) connected to a radio frequency (RF) generator (8) with a frequency between 1 and 50 MHz, the at least one electrode forming part of the gas-tight hollow body and / or is electrically conductively connected thereto and / or at least a part of the at least one electrode is arranged within the solid bed, and wherein adjacent to the second Öffnu ng in the solid bed, a humidity sensor (15) is positioned.

Description

Austrian Patent Office AT 11 393 U1 2010-10-15

Description: The invention relates to a device for treating gas mixtures with the aim of removing selected constituents, comprising a solid bed with an adsorber component capable of at least temporarily enriching these components, which is at least partially within the influence of at least one electrode for introducing radio frequency (RF) energy, which in turn, preferably via an electronic matching network, is connected to a FIF voltage source to dielectrically heat the fixed bed.

In particular, the apparatus for drying gases, preferably natural gas and biogas can be used by water adsorptively removed in a first phase from the gas stream and in a further phase, the water is removed by thermodisorption from the fixed bed, the fixed bed directly is heated dielectrically by means of HF energy.

The separation of substances by adsorption and subsequent thermal regeneration of the adsorber is a widespread process in chemical engineering. In particular, this task arises in the treatment of natural gas and biogas in order to feed them into existing gas supply networks according to the technical specification.

The gas drying, for example, is absolutely necessary to prevent condensation in the pressure increase. In addition, the interaction of water and other gas components (e.g., H2S in the case of biogas) can lead to undesirable corrosion.

In addition, the technical use of natural gas and biogas in many cases requires the removal of sulfur compounds, carbon dioxide or oxygen and other components.

For gas drying are basically according to the prior art, in principle, three process principles available: condensation method, adsorptive and absorptive gas drying processes such as glycol washing.

The device according to the invention is associated with adsorption processes for gas separation. The basic principle here is that the corresponding gas components are bound to the adsorber. This usually happens at relatively low temperature, usually ambient temperature. As a result, a gas stream leaves the solid bed in which the corresponding component is depleted. To ensure quasi-continuous process control, the adsorber component must be regenerated again. The most established methods for this purpose are based on desorption by reducing the pressure or increasing the temperature. After the regeneration and discharge of the desorbed substances, the fixed bed is again available for adsorptive cleaning or gas separation.

Another way of removing certain gas components from a mixture is to reactively convert these substances. For this purpose, catalytic reactions are usually used. One example is the removal of oxygen traces from natural gas or biogas using a noble metal catalyst that catalyzes the oxidation. This process usually takes place at elevated temperature.

The device according to the invention serves to efficiently introduce energy into a bed of solids, which serves for the treatment of gas mixtures, in order to initiate desorption and reaction processes.

Temperature cycling processes are technically established, but the heating of solid beds in comparison to the heating of fluid media is more complicated because the heat conduction within the bed is usually lower. Thus, the heat transfer between the particles is limited, since it preferably takes place via the contact surfaces. If the heat is introduced via walls or heating elements, the heat transfer via the boundary surfaces into the bed restricts. Alternatively, solid beds are heated via the carrier gas stream. Here, however, the low heat capacity of the gas for the achievable heating rates is limiting. The concentration of released pollutants is coupled to the carrier gas flow necessary for heating. This leads to an undesirable dilution in many cases. For example, the subsequent catalytic oxidation of organic pollutants, which takes place from the adsorber by heating, due to the dilution no longer autothermal, that is, energy-efficient, take place.

A thermal regeneration with water vapor, which is often used in the case of organic carbon loaded activated carbon, is not suitable for the present applications for gas treatment.

The direct dielectric heating of solid media has been discussed for some years as an innovative and promising alternative to conventional methods. The essential advantage of this method is that the energy input is not coupled to a fluid auxiliary medium (e.g., a carrier gas stream), but is directly " stream-free " he follows. So far, however, only in some areas, the microwave (MW) heating prevail. The reason for this is the fact that the homogeneity of the achieved temperature profiles is acceptable only for small volumes (in the cm3 range) and that for many media the penetration depths of the MW radiation are too low for a technical application. In addition, hydrous matrices with changing humidity significantly change their dielectric properties. In addition, in the microwave range, the possibility of energy coupling is usually coupled to the presence of water. As a result, dry or low moisture materials often can not be heated with microwaves. In addition, it is usually not possible to always efficiently couple the electromagnetic waves during the process with changing humidity of the adsorber. The result is usually a reflection of the electromagnetic waves after drying of the material, so that the emitted energy no longer leads to heating of the fixed bed.

The object of the present invention is to overcome the described disadvantages of the prior art and to provide a device that allows solids beds of different materials with variable humidity and polarity energy efficient and, if necessary, to heat homogeneously to different thermally initiated To enable processes such as desorption in general, regeneration of fixed beds used for gas drying in particular and catalytic reactions of adsorbed substances.

The object of the invention is achieved according to the independent claim. The subclaims contain preferred embodiments.

According to the invention an apparatus for separating components of a gas mixture by adsorption to a solid bed is provided, which forms a gas-tight hollow body, which forms a reaction space for adsorption, arranged in the gas-tight hollow body solid bed, which is suitable at least one gas component at least partially Adsorbieren, a first opening which is adapted to introduce the gas mixture in the gas-tight hollow body, a second opening which is adapted to discharge the gas mixture from the gas-tight hollow body and at least one electrode which is connected to a high frequency (RF) generator, wherein the at least one electrode is a part of the gas-tight hollow body and / or at least a part of the at least one electrode is disposed within the solid bed and wherein adjacent to the second opening in the solid bed, a humidity sensor is positioned. The term "gas-tight" is here and below understood that the parasitic, the container unintentionally leaving the gas stream is very small compared to the passing through the openings provided for gas flow. In particular, the gas stream unintentionally left the container comprises less than 10%, preferably less than 3%, more preferably less than 0.3% of the gas stream passing through the openings provided for this purpose.

According to the invention, the arrangement thus consists of a reactor space, which has at least one inlet and at least one outlet for the gas stream and in which a solid bed, which at least one gas component at least can partially adsorb, is arranged. The solid bed is at least partially in the area of influence of the at least one electrode, which in turn is connected to an RF generator. Between the at least one electrode and the FIF generator, an electronic matching network is preferably arranged, which enables the adjustment of the variable impedance of the solid bed to the internal resistance of the HF generator.

Preferably, the first opening and the second opening are arranged opposite one another to the gas-tight hollow body. Means for supplying the gas mixture and at the second opening may be arranged at the first opening means for discharging the gas mixture. The means for supplying and discharging the gas mixture are designed such that they are suitable for realizing a continuous gas flow.

The first and second openings on the gas-tight hollow body essentially serve the supply and removal of the gas stream. Therefore, the cross section of the openings is comparatively small compared to the total surface of the hollow body. Preferably, the cross-sectional area of the first or second opening is less than 20% each, preferably less than 10% each, more preferably less than 5% each of the surface of the gas-tight hollow body. According to the invention, the hollow body may have further openings, for example for introducing sensors or the like.

The gas-tight hollow body according to the invention at least 50%, preferably to 70%, more preferably filled to 90% with the solid bed. The solid bed is preferably a packed bed of solid particles. In other preferred variants, however, solids are also used as ceramic shaped bodies, particularly preferably as honeycomb bodies. Basically, all arrangements are suitable in this context, which realize a sufficient contact of the gas stream with the solid. In the following, however, the common term solid bed is used for all options.

In a preferred arrangement, the at least one electrode is arranged in the gas-tight hollow body such that it is arranged at least 50%, preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 90% in the solid bed or along the bed of solids. Thus, according to the invention, the at least one electrode traverses the solid bed along its greatest spatial extent to at least 50%, preferably to at least 70%, more preferably to at least 90%.

In a further preferred arrangement, the at least one electrode is arranged perpendicular to the axis of the reactor body. In this case, the at least one electrode according to the invention assumes at least 50%, preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 90%, of the solids bed cross-section.

In a preferred embodiment, the gas-tight hollow body in its outer shape is a cylinder. In a further preferred embodiment, it is a cuboid. Preferred embodiments are further characterized in that the cross section perpendicular to the flow direction does not change significantly (preferably less than 30%, more preferably less than 10%) across the reactor. However, the invention is basically not bound to a specific shape of the gas-tight hollow body and thus the solid bed, there are also any other geometries possible without the functionality of the arrangements would be limited.

Base and top surface of the cylindrical gas-tight hollow body are worked out in a preferred embodiment as insulating components, wherein the insulating components can also be designed perforated and thus gas permeable. Insulating in this context means that the RF conductivity of the materials is negligible. In a further preferred embodiment, the first opening or the second opening on the (insulating) base surface or the (insulating) top surface of the cylindrical gas-tight hollow body are arranged or these openings are realized by perforated materials in their entirety. In a preferred variant of the invention, the at least one electrode is electrically conductively connected to the hollow body, in particular to the shielding or the outer jacket of the reactor. In a preferred variant of the invention, the hollow body or a part of the hollow body itself is the electrode according to the invention. In another preferred embodiment, the at least one electrode is a base of the cylindrical or cuboid hollow body. Preferably, this electrode can be designed to be gas permeable or perforated.

Preferably, the electrodes are used in pairs. According to the invention, the electrodes are then supplied with a high-frequency alternating voltage, wherein one of the electrodes is referred to as a cold electrode and an electrode as a hot electrode. The grounded electrode is defined as the cold electrode. In a particularly preferred embodiment variant, the cold electrode is electrically conductively connected to the outer jacket of the hollow body, or the outer jacket itself constitutes the cold electrode.

In a further embodiment of the invention, more than two electrodes are provided, which are fed with a high-frequency AC voltage. Preferably, one hot and a plurality of cold electrodes are provided.

Cold and hot electrodes are preferably connected to the electronic matching network and between the two electrodes is the solid bed or at least part of the solid bed.

As electrodes preferably rod or plate electrodes are used. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, parallel plate electrodes are used. Parallel plate electrodes ensure a temperature profile with small gradients for homogeneous solid beds and are thus most suitable for homogeneous heating.

According to the invention, the electrodes can also be arranged coaxially. A coaxial arrangement is best suited to reduce the electromagnetic radiation into the environment. In this case, the solid bed is located between an outer cylindrical jacket electrode, which is preferably connected as a cold electrode, and a rod or tubular inner electrode, which preferably acts as a hot electrode. The arrangement thus represents a cylindrical capacitor. Although the radially outwardly decreasing electric field strength leads to an inhomogeneous heating, a sufficient temperature stability over the fixed bed can be ensured by heat transfer processes in a fixed bed.

The choice of the electrode geometry, of which further variants are possible, is determined by the requirements of the respective process (necessary temperature homogeneity, mechanical requirements of the arrangement, heating rates to be achieved, etc.). Preferably, the two electrodes are separated by insulating, optionally perforated components.

According to the invention, the electrodes are connected to the HF generator, which provides high-frequency voltages with a frequency between 1 and 50 MHz, via an electronic matching network, the so-called matchbox. The electronic matching network allows the adjustment of the variable impedance of the solid bed to the internal resistance of the HF generator and thus allows a reflection-free transmission of the RF energy from the generator into the solid bed. This is in contrast to conventional microwave systems, the possibility of a very energy-efficient heating of the solid bed and the emitted RF energy can be almost completely converted into process heat. Particularly preferred is the use of frequencies released for the industrial, scientific and medical applications, such as 13.56 or 27 MHz ISM frequencies.

Preferably, the arrangement further includes at least one fiber optic temperature sensor which is connected to an evaluation device. In addition, sensors for the characterization of the gas composition are preferably located in the paint area and / or in the downstream area of the gas mixture. In a preferred variant of the arrangements, the individual sensors and evaluation devices are connected to a personal computer with a process control system. In a preferred variant of the device, a moisture sensor is positioned before the end of the solid bed, which detects the loading state of the adsorber and indicates an imminent breakthrough of the water loading front.

Optionally, in the feed to the reactor or in the inlet region of the reactor there is a means for adding and / or metering a transfer medium. The means for introducing a transmission medium can be used to initiate a thermochromatographic pulse. Preferably, water is used as the transfer medium. The thermochromatographic pulse is not only suitable for the thermal desorption of adsorbed organic gas components or for the initiation of a catalyzed reaction. The thermochromatographic pulse can also be used for drying processes, if the solid bed has not been loaded until reaching the loading capacity. In this case, the water injection and the resulting pulse can lead to an additional discharge of water from the fixed bed.

As solid bed materials adsorptive substances such as activated carbon, zeolites of different structure or porous metal oxides and mixtures thereof are preferably used. They preferably have a high porosity with large specific surface areas (typically more than 100 m2 / g, more preferably more than 200 m2 / g). In many cases, a binder is added to these materials before pressing in order to achieve better mechanical stability. In the following, however, these mixed materials are referred to simply as the sorption-active component.

In a preferred variant for gas drying are hydrophilic zeolites, particularly preferred are the zeolites 3A, 4A, NaY and 13X. In another preferred variant for the removal of hydrophobic substances such as nonpolar organic compounds from the gas stream, hydrophobic materials are used. Particularly preferred here is the use of a solid bed material containing a dealuminated Y zeolite high Si / Al ratio.

In the case of an intended reactive conversion of the previously adsorbed gas component, the use of an additional catalyst component in the solid bed is advantageous. Examples of catalysts used are noble metals, preferably platinum, or perovskite or other oxidic materials. The catalysts are preferably applied to porous support materials. These porous materials typically have porosities between 0.2 and 0.7.

The solid which is used as an adsorber and / or as a catalyst, in particular granules or other bulk material, wherein the grain diameters are preferably in the millimeter range. Particularly suitable according to the invention are particle sizes in the range from 0.1 to 10 mm, preferably from 1 to 5 mm, more preferably from 1 to 3 mm.

Preferably, an inorganic or organic gaseous component is removed from the gas mixture. For example, carbon dioxide, oxygen or sulfur compounds can be removed from gas mixtures to be cleaned.

The device according to the invention is particularly preferably used for drying gas mixtures. The most preferably removed substance is therefore water.

The regeneration of the adsorber can e.g. by means of radio waves, whereby a reduction of the pressure in the device can be achieved. In this embodiment of the invention, the device additionally comprises a means for generating radio waves.

The described device allows beyond the state of the art a number of application options, some of which are described below by way of example in order to describe the function of the device and the role of the individual components in more detail. It will be understood that this invention is not limited to the specific devices, compositions and conditions described herein as they may vary. It is further understood that the terminology used herein is for the sole purpose of describing particular embodiments and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. As used herein in the specification including the appended claims, word forms in the singular, such as words, include "&Quot;, " a ", " a ", " the ", " the " or " the " correspondence in the plural, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. For example, the reference to " includes means for dosing a transmission medium " a single agent or multiple agents, which in turn may be identical or different.

The device allows different modes of energy input and in particular the heating of the fixed bed and the realization of different temperature profiles. In particular, it is possible to heat the fixed bed in comparison to alternatives according to the prior art homogeneous and carrier gas unbound, with technically relevant volumes in liters and cubic meters can be treated. The volume of the solids bed in a device according to the invention is preferably from 0.001 to 100 cubic meters, preferably from 0.01 to 10 cubic meters.

In addition, it is also possible as an option, however, as already described, to initiate a so-called thermochromatographic pulse by the injection of a transfer medium through which the fixed bed passes through a coupled substance-flow-temperature pulse. For this purpose, a transfer medium, preferably water, is injected into the gas stream and at least partially adsorbed on the fixed bed material. This leads to an increased absorption of RF energy in the corresponding area of the fixed bed, which in turn leads to increased heating. This leads to the desorption of the transmission medium and further transport with the gas stream. If colder fixed bed areas are reached, adsorption and local overheating occur again. This process continues continuously until the thermochromatographic pulse has passed through the fixed bed and reaches the exit of the reactor. The selective increase in temperature makes it possible to achieve the desired thermally initiated processes such as regeneration of the fixed bed in the gas drying or the ad-sorptive gas separation and catalytic conversion of adsorbed gas components very energy efficient.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 Device according to the invention for the treatment of gases, in particular for

Drying of natural gas or biogas.

FIG. 2 Preferred electrode geometries for realizing the dielectric heating of a solid bed.

Figure 3a gas drying over a solid bed of zeolite 13X at room temperature.

FIG. 3b Thermal regeneration of the fixed bed (zeolite 13X) by means of high-frequency

Warming.

FIG. 4a Gas drying over a packed bed of the zeolite NaY at room temperature.

FIG. 4b Thermal regeneration of the fixed bed (zeolite NaY) by means of high frequency

Warming.

An implementation example of the arrangement according to the invention is contained in FIG. FIG. 1 shows an apparatus according to the invention for drying gases with the following components. A cuboid hollow body 1 is filled with a solid bed 4. A gas mixture flows through a first opening 2 into the solid bed 4. The dried gas leaves the hollow body 1 through a second opening 3. A hot electrode 6 is positioned in the middle of the bed of solids 4 along the longitudinal axis of the hollow body 1. A cold electrode 5 partially represents the outer shell of the cuboid hollow body 1. Perforated components 14 which isolate the electrodes 5 and 6 against each other are provided as the base surface and top surface of the cuboid. The electrodes 5 and 6 are connected via an electronic matching network 7 with an RF generator 8 for supplying RF voltage. Via a fiber-optic temperature sensor 9, which is connected to an evaluation device 10, the temperature in the solid bed 4 is controlled. Before the second opening 3, just before the gas leaves the solid bed 4 again, a humidity sensor 15 is positioned. Sensors for characterizing the gas composition 12 are provided both in the inflow and in the outflow region of the gas. The individual sensors and evaluation devices are connected to a personal computer 13 with a process control system. A means for metering a transfer medium 11 for initiating a thermo-chromatographic pulse is arranged at the beginning of the bed of solids 4.

FIG. 2 shows preferred electrode geometries for realizing the dielectric heating of the solid bed 4. Parallel plate electrodes can be arranged parallel to the flow direction. In this case, the hot electrode 6 is arranged in the solid bed. The outer shell of the hollow body 1 partially represents the cold electrode 5 (FIG. 2a). An alternative variant is shown in FIG. 2b. The parallel plate electrodes are arranged vertically to the flow direction, the solid bed 4 is positioned between the electrodes. The gas stream reaches and leaves the solid bed 4 by flowing through the electrodes 5 and 6. For this purpose, the electrodes 5 and 6 are gas-permeable or perforated. Parallel plate electrodes ensure a temperature profile with small gradients for homogeneous solid beds and are thus most suitable for homogeneous heating.

In a further embodiment, the electrodes are arranged coaxially (Figure 2c). The rod-shaped or tubular hot electrode 6 is enclosed by the cold jacket electrode 5. The solid bed 4 is located between the sheath electrode 5 and the inner electrode 6. A coaxial arrangement of this construction is best suited to reduce the electromagnetic radiation into the environment. APPLICATION EXAMPLE 1 In Application Example 1, the apparatus is used to dry a gas stream over a period of time and then thermally regenerate the adsorbent bed, which consists of a 13X zeolite, by homogeneous heating by means of RF energy. Figure 3 shows the results.

In the laboratory experiment 0.8 g of zeolite 13X were used with a grain size between 1 and 3 mm. The zeolite was loaded via the gas stream to an average moisture of 6.4 mass%, whereby a dried gas stream left the bed (Figure 3a). In the present case, the bed was partially overflowed to observe the desorption better. This approach differs from that which is preferred in practice for gas drying. Here, a flow through the fixed bed with the best possible contact between the gas stream to be dried and adsorber should be sought. The slight increase in temperature during drying is due to the heat of adsorption of the water on the zeolite. The size m represents the mass flow of the water, TProbe indicates the sample temperature at a measuring point in the middle of the solid bed. The difference between input value m before and m naoh thus corresponds to the drying efficiency. During the regeneration phase (thermal drying of the fixed bed), the sample is heated by means of radio waves (total system power approx. 100 W, high losses due to the small size of the apparatus). The temperature increase was uniform over the sample and it was relatively quickly reached a plateau value of about 150 ° C (Figure 3b). At this temperature, an efficient discharge of water from the fixed bed and a regenerative drying of the adsorber 13X was carried out, which can then be used again for gas drying. In this experiment, the residual moisture content of the zeolite was about 1.6% by mass. 7.14

Claims (37)

APPLICATION EXAMPLE 2 In application example 2, the device according to the invention is also used to dehumidify a gas stream and to thermally regenerate the adsorber after the water has breached due to the reaching of the loading capacity of the adsorber , The regeneration is realized in this example by the initiation of a thermo-chromatographic pulse. Figure 4 shows the results. In this case, a NaY zeolite (5.7 g, grain size 1 to 2 mm) was loaded at room temperature. The final loading was about 26% by mass. Figure 4a clearly shows the efficient drying until after reaching the loading capacity at about 800 min, the breakthrough of the water is recorded and the input moisture is also reached at the outlet of the reactor. The slight increase in temperatures at several measuring points in the solid bed by 5 to 10 K is in turn due to the released Adsorptionsenthalpie. The temperature indices identify the position of the sensors in the fixed bed in the direction of flow. The successive increase in the temperatures due to the heat of adsorption characterizes the progress of the water front in the zeolite bed. The regeneration of the adsorber is carried out with radio waves, wherein at the beginning of the fixed bed, a thermo-chromatographic pulse is formed, which passes through the bed as a temperature front. The selective increase in temperature in the pulse (about 100 K at the two first measuring points shown in Figure 4b) allows a particularly energy-efficient drying of the fixed bed. The average residual moisture content of the zeolite after drying was 1.5% by mass, which allows a re-gas drying. If necessary, lower residual moisture of the adsorber can be achieved. Claims 1. Apparatus for separating components of a gas mixture by means of adsorption on a solid bed and possibility of thermal regeneration of the solid bed comprising: a hollow body (1) forming a space for adsorption, a solid bed (4) arranged in the hollow body (1) ) capable of at least partially adsorbing at least one gas component, - a first opening (2) adapted to introduce the gas mixture into the hollow body (1), - a second opening (3) suitable for mixing the gas mixture remove from the hollow body (1) and - at least one electrode (5, 6) which is connected to a high-frequency (HF) generator (8) with a frequency between 1 and 50 MHz, characterized in that the at least one electrode ( 5, 6) forms part of the gas-tight hollow body (1) and / or is electrically conductively connected thereto and / or at least part of the at least one electrode (5, 6) within the Fe bed of material (4) is arranged and that adjacent to the second opening (3) in the solid bed (4), a humidity sensor (15) is positioned. 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the solid bed (4) the gas-tight hollow body (1) at least 50%, preferably to 70%, more preferably to 90% fills. 3. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first opening (2) and the second opening (3) are arranged opposite one another on the gas-tight hollow body (1). 4. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at the first opening (2) at least one means for supplying the gas mixture is arranged. 8/14 Austrian Patent Office AT 11 393 U1 2010-10-15 5. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one means for discharging the gas mixture is arranged at the second opening (3). 6. Apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the means for supplying and the means for discharging the gas mixture are adapted to realize a continuous gas flow. 7. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one electrode (5, 6) spans the solid bed (4) along its greatest spatial extent to at least 50%, preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 90% , 8. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gas-tight hollow body (1) is designed as a cylinder or as a cuboid. 9. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the at least one electrode (5, 6) forms the base of the cylindrical or the cuboid hollow body (1). 10. The device according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the at least one electrode (5, 6) is permeable to gas and / or perforated. 11. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one electrode (5, 6) is connected to a means for feeding a high-frequency voltage. 12. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one electrode (5, 6) is a plate electrode. 13. Device according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the at least one electrode (5, 6) is a rod electrode. 14. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device comprises two electrodes (5, 6). 15. The device according to claim 14, characterized in that one of the two electrodes is a cold grounded electrode (5) and one of the two electrodes is a hot electrode (6). 16. The apparatus of claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the electrodes (5, 6) are arranged in parallel. 17. The apparatus of claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the electrodes (5, 6) are arranged coaxially. 18. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device comprises more than two electrodes (5, 6). 19. The device according to claim 18, characterized in that the device comprises a hot electrode (6) and a plurality of cold electrodes (5). 20. Device according to one of claims 15 to 19, characterized in that the cold electrode (5), with the hollow body (1) is electrically connected. 21. Device according to one of claims 15 to 20, characterized in that the cold electrode (5) is at least 50%, preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 90% of the gas-tight hollow body (1) itself. 22. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the solid bed (4) a fiber optic temperature sensor (9) is arranged. 23. The device according to claim 22, characterized in that the fiber-optic temperature sensor (9) with an evaluation device (10) is connected. 9/14 Austrian Patent Office AT 11 393 U1 2010-10-15 24. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at the first opening (2) and / or the second opening (3) in the gas stream, a sensor (12) is arranged for characterizing the gas mixture. 25. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the RF generator (8) provides a voltage having a frequency of 13.56 or 27 MHz. 26. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that adjacent to the first opening (2) is arranged a means for adding a transmission medium (11) for initiating a thermo-chromatographic pulse. 27. The device according to claim 26, characterized in that the transmission medium (11) is water. 28. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the solid bed (4) is an adsorbent material, preferably activated carbon, zeolite of different structure, porous metal oxides or mixtures thereof. 29. The device according to claim 28, characterized in that the adsorbent material is hydrophilic, preferably a hydrophilic zeolite, in particular zeolite 3A, zeolite 4A, zeolite NaY or zeolite 13X. 30. The device according to claim 28, characterized in that the adsorbent material is hydrophobic, preferably a dealuminated Y zeolite with high Si / Al ratio. 31. Device according to one of claims 28 to 30, characterized in that the adsorbent material has a high porosity with specific surface areas greater than 100 m2 / g, preferably greater than 200 m2 / g. 32. Device according to one of claims 28 to 31, characterized in that the adsorbent material is bulk material having a particle size of 0.1 to 10 mm, preferably from 1 to 5 mm, more preferably from 1 to 3 mm. 33. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the component adsorbed from the gas stream is an inorganic or organic gas, preferably carbon dioxide, oxygen, volatile organic compounds or sulfur compounds and / or water. 34. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the solid bed (4) contains a catalyst. 35. Apparatus according to claim 34, characterized in that the catalyst is a noble metal, preferably platinum or palladium, or a perovskite. 36. Apparatus according to claim 34 or 35, characterized in that the catalyst is applied to porous support materials having a porosity between 0.2 and 0.7. 37. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the volume of the solid bed (4) from 0.001 to 100 cubic meters, preferably 0.01 to 10 cubic meters, more preferably 0.1 to 10 cubic meters. 4 sheets of drawings 10/14