SK42192A3 - Shaper plate and its manufacturing method - Google Patents

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to a block for making wall walls and the like, in particular of a refractory material for furnace lining, wherein at least one surface of the block is intended as a plaster surface for receiving a plaster layer and which surface is provided with a plurality of recesses spaced apart so parallel the recessed and non-recessed portions alternate with the edge of the block.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Such a block is known from CH-PS 398 020. The depressions are in this case formed as cut grooves extending over the entire height of the block. The grooves are intended to anchor the cast plaster with a positive fit, so that pre-treatment of the plaster surface is not required. To ensure this effect, the groove depth must not be less than the smallest permissible dimension. However, at the places of the grooves, the total thickness of the plaster is then at least twice as large as in the adjacent non-deepened parts.

However, the application of the known block to the furnace lining encounters difficulties. Since the thermal expansion of the fired refractory bricks, for example fireclay bricks and plaster, is not the same, stresses arise at higher thermal stresses, which can lead to the plaster blasting away from the brick or block. They talk about so-called. splitting effect. Locally different plaster thicknesses, especially when transitions are still missing, support this local splitting effect. The known block is therefore unusable for the furnace lining without the adherence enhancing agent, since cracks can occur parallel to the grooves provided on the plaster surface.

DE-OS 32 18 911 discloses a plaster facade which is formed not of blocks but of insulating boards, the insulating boards being provided with horizontal through grooves. Even in this case, the grooves should serve to better anchor the plaster. However, for the aforementioned reasons, this design is also not suitable for lining the furnace.

It is an object of the invention to provide a block with improved plaster bearing properties, in particular the adhesion must be retained even under high thermal stresses.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This object is fulfilled by blocks for making wall walls, day and the like, in particular of a refractory material for furnace lining, wherein at least one surface of the block is intended as a plaster surface for receiving a plaster layer and this surface is provided with a plurality of recesses spaced apart The present invention is characterized in that alternating recessed and non-recessed portions alternate parallel or equidistantly with the edge of the block according to the invention, the principle being that the recessed and non-recessed portions alternately follow the lines perpendicular to that edge of the same plastering surface.

While in the prior art the alternation for the recessed and non-recessed portions of the plaster surface is carried out only in the horizontal direction, the recessed and non-recessed portions alternate in the vertical direction according to the invention. The advantage is an even distribution of the plaster mass over the plaster surface. The plaster layer thus comprises a plurality of locally limited retaining knobs or pads, arranged, for example, in lying and standing rows. The plaster retaining studs can also be arranged, for example, in concentric circles or in a system of lines intersecting obliquely to one another, taking care only that the distances between the studs are not too different from one another.

Practice has shown that a block according to the invention can be used not only for the construction of a face wall in a multi-shell furnace, but also for cladding the combustion site itself with the best adhesive results of the plaster layer, and that the plaster remains crack-free. From this, it must be deduced that the total cleavage force at higher temperatures is less and, moreover, is no longer concentrated to the linear zones, but is distributed locally.

Although normal thermal building facades cannot be subjected to such high thermal loads as furnace linings, it is understood that the block according to the invention can be used in this area due to the better adhesive effect of the plaster, avoiding cracking in the plaster.

However, it should not be kept secret that new blocks are produced in a more costly way. While the known block can be produced by machine briquetting, the block according to the invention can be produced only in a batch process.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the at least one plaster face of the block is honeycomb, wherein at least most of the recessed parts are surrounded by non-recessed parts. the part is surrounded by recessed parts. Since the depressed portions of the block according to the invention are as uniform as possible even over the plaster surface, the further development of this idea is that the depressed portions themselves must have the same cross-sectional dimensions as possible. Therefore, square or circular shapes of recessed portions are preferred - and, in the case of a complementary arrangement, also non-recessed portions.

While prior art recesses have to be formed as incised grooves, it is proposed that the cross-section of each recessed part measured in the plaster surface is equal to or slightly larger than the cross-sectional area measured.

The filling of the grooved grooves so that cavities are not formed, since the plaster can hardly be carried out even with the most careful work. If the edges of their air cavity remain on the incised problem when casting the plaster, the local heat transfer values here change, creating stresses at high temperatures which promote the risk of cracks. Another advantageous embodiment according to the invention of roughly prismatic or cylindrical depressed portions removes this disadvantage and, moreover, has the advantage of facilitating the removal of the block from the mold during its manufacture.

Another important embodiment of the invention is that the plaster surface and the opposed rear surface are cup-like arched, wherein the spacing of the two surfaces is at least approximately constant, and that the bottom surfaces of the recessed portions lie on an imaginary arched surface having at least approximately constant distance.

Such a plate-like vaulted block allows not only the construction of circular combustion chamber spaces, but also the construction of convex and concave vaulted walls. The production of such an arched plate block cannot be achieved by conventional techniques.

Therefore, the essence of the present invention is that a clay-containing molding composition is filled with a flat-bottomed upper open mold and then pressed by a punch into a mold having the face parallel to the mold bottom, and at the bottom and / or or a plurality of protrusions are formed in the face of the punch to form recessed portions in the blank that the pressing process is maintained for at least a few days until the blank is solidified approximately to the hardness of the skin and then removed from the mold without deforming the wide side surfaces are deposited on a smooth, non-stepping convex or concave backing, where it is dried for several days, during which the workpiece gradually deforms due to the weight of the blank due to the weight of the backing, and the blocks are then burnt.

The molded block produced in this way is preferably such that its domed plaster surface has a circumferential angle in the range of 20 ° to 45 °, but preferably about 30 °, and the radius of curvature is in the range of 0.25 m to about 1.0 m. However, a radius of curvature of approximately 0.60 m is sufficient for the most common applications.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. 1 shows a front view of a plurality of blocks assigned to one another, FIG. 2 shows a block according to FIG. 1, FIG. 3 shows a front view of a block with a modified configuration of the plaster surface, FIG. 4 is a front view of a block according to FIG. 3, FIG. 5 shows a block arrangement similar to FIG. 1, but with the end faces altered; FIG. 6 shows a wall structure with another modified type of block; FIG. 7 shows a view of a tiled stove, in particular of arched blocks, FIG. 8 is a plan view of the stone of FIG. 7 and FIG. 9 to 12, the individual operations of the method of manufacturing an arched block.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The block 10 of FIG. 1 is a plate-shaped, substantially prismatic body with two wide side faces forming a plaster surface 12 and optionally also a rear-facing surface 14 and four front surfaces 16. A plaster surface 12

- 6 is square. The corners of the block 10 are formed in the form of canopy-shaped transition portions 18. A plurality of depressed portions 20 are formed in the plaster surface 12 and in the opposite rear surface 14 in the form of prismatic holes of square cross-section.

In an exemplary embodiment, the depressed portions 20 are cube-shaped. The recessed portions 20 lie in accordance with FIG. 1 in a number of horizontal rows and perpendicular columns. Each depressed portion 20 is surrounded by non-depressed portions 22 which form intersecting zebra or bridges that are raised relative to the depressed portions 20. Both plaster and rear surfaces 12, 14 thus have a honeycomb structure. The recessed portions 20 formed as cubes in the illustrated example have side surfaces 24 perpendicular to the plaster surface 12 and perpendicular to each other. The flat bottom surface 26 has a constant distance to the plaster or back surface 12, 14. The side surfaces 24 of the recessed parts 20 form sharp edges with the plaster and rear surfaces 12, 14.

The end faces 16 are as shown in FIG. 1 and 2, each provided with a central row of recessed portions 20 spaced apart which are transversely aligned with recessed portions 20 of the plaster and rear walls 12, 14. Local depressions in the faces 16 are interconnected by longitudinal grooves 28 but which have a smaller depth than the recessed portions 20.

At the wall of the block wall 10, alternating mortar from the joints and abutment joints penetrates into the recessed portions 20, thereby achieving not only a form-fit connection with a high anchoring effect, but also the best possible sealing of the joints. The grooves 28, which are also filled with mortar, also contribute to this. Due to the large number of anchoring feet of the plaster layer 30 uniformly distributed over the plaster and back surface 12, 14, the tendency of splitting or flaking off of the plaster layer 30 at high thermal loads is divided into a greater number of spacing forces acting at intervals, which does not exceed plaster adhesion. The transition surfaces 18, double curved, guarantee a mortar filling at each corner of the block without hollow space.

The arrangement of the depressed portions 20 shown in FIG. 1 and 2, in horizontal and vertical rows, each with the same number and spacing contributes to universal use, since the block 10 can still be used for walling in a lying or standing condition after being heated, and only parts of the block 10 can be used. In the embodiment, the width of the recessed portions 22 is somewhat smaller than the width of the recessed portions 20. Therefore, the total area of the recessed portions 22 is approximately 80% of the total area of the recessed portions 20.

The block 11 shown in FIG. 3 and 4, the two plaster surfaces 12, 14 are provided with recessed portions 20 in the form of rectangular grooves of rectangular cross-section to one another. Although the longitudinal depressions 20 are in this case, their angular arrangement provides that the depressed portions 20 and the non-depressed portions 22 alternate in the horizontal and vertical directions.

The block 10 of FIG. 5 corresponds, as regards the honeycomb design of the plaster and back surfaces 12, 14, to the embodiment described above. Only the end faces 16 lack the depressions 20 and the longitudinally extending grooves 28. To this end, all four end faces 16 are provided with grooves 32 which connect the two plaster surfaces 12, 14 perpendicularly to each other. The number of grooves 32 in each face 16 corresponds to the number of recessed portions 20 in adjacent plaster surfaces 12, 14, and each of the grooves 32 is aligned exactly with one row of recessed portions 20. The depth of the grooves 32 is approximately equal to half the depth of the recessed portion 20. The two grooves 32 of the two blocks 10 each form a cross-section equal to each of the recessed portions 20 on the front side of the interlocking blocks 10, while forming the end faces 16 of the block 10 according to FIG. 2 provides advantages in terms of tightness, the grooved design of the face 16 according to FIG. 5, since the molding mold does not have to have any movable walls, and the block 10 can then be removed from the molding mold rather in the direction of the grooves 32.

FIG. 6 shows a wall made up of modified blocks 10. Each block 10 of FIG. 6 has the shape of a regular hexagon. The two opposite hexagonal surfaces are plaster surfaces 12, 14 provided with the recessed portions 20 already described, arranged in rows and columns. In contrast to the embodiment described above, however, the depressed portions 20 have a circular contour. Each of the plaster surfaces 12, 14 is provided with two mutually perpendicular cross-over grooves 34, 36 which further divide the plaster surfaces 12 and 14 into four quadrangular portions 38. Thus, two semi-blocks 10 'can be made by hand by separating one block 10'. so that the wall of FIG. 6. The six face surfaces 16 of the block 10 are provided with grooves corresponding in principle to the grooves 32 of FIG. 5, except that these grooves 32 in FIG. 6 are semi-circular in shape.

Fig. 7 and 8 show a stove or furnace constructed from arched blocks 10. The arched blocks 10 correspond to embodiments of the plaster surfaces 12, 14 and front surfaces of the previously described exemplary embodiments. They can also have the structure of the plaster surfaces 12, 14 of the block 11. The two wide side walls constituting the plaster surfaces 12, 14 are cylindrically arched and have the same spacing between them.

The front surfaces connect the two plaster surfaces 12, 14 perpendicular to each other. Although the side surfaces of the recessed portions 20 also extend perpendicular to the respective plaster surfaces 12, 14, however, due to the camber of the plaster surfaces 12, 14, the opposite side surfaces do not have to run exactly parallel to each other in the direction of the camber. The production of such a block 10 is scarcely feasible by conventional means, and therefore the production process will be described in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 9 to 12.

Fig. 9 depicts a lower mold portion 60 having a square, flat bottom plate 42 and four side walls 444. The inner surface of the bottom plate 42 is provided with nipple protrusions 46 arranged equally spaced in rows parallel to one side wall 44 and in columns perpendicular. to this side wall 44. Said protrusions 46 serve to form recessed portions 20 in the manufactured block 10. The side walls 44 are provided with a plurality of vertical inner ribs 48, which in the finished block 10 form grooves 32 in the faces 54. The lower part of the mold 40 is filled with a specified amount of molding composition. If the manufactured block 10 is to be a fire-resistant design for the furnace lining, the mixture comprises clay.

Upon filling with a specified amount of molding composition, the punch 50 slides from above into the mold 40 and closes, wherein the face of the punch 50 is also provided with protrusions 46 similar to the bottom of the mold 50 to form a blank or compact F having both wide side faces. they form the same plaster surfaces (Fig. 10).

The molding F remains in the mold 50 for a few days in which it is partially dehumidified. As soon as sufficient shape stability is obtained, the molding F having a consistency corresponding to the hardness of the skin, the punch 50 goes up and the molding F is removed from the bottom of the mold 40 upwards. This removal is possible thanks to the circumferentially formed vertical internal ribs 48 without the need to dismantle the side walls 44.

The substantially flat plate molding F is now placed in the long tub 52 so that two opposing lower edges of the molding F are supported against the surface of the tub 52. The tub 52 forms a concave arched washer whose cross section is constant over the entire length of the tub 52. The camber has the shape of an arch. The radius of curvature is approximately 0.60 m. One by one the other moldings F are now deposited on the bath 52 in the same way. Now the weight of the molding F is sufficient to allow the molding F to gradually sink into the bath 52. The bath then undergoes a final drying of the molding F to form a block 10. FIG. 11 and 12.

The upper and lower faces of the block 10 run parallel to each other, but the two side faces 16 are at an acute angle to each other and lie in radial planes intersecting approximately in the center of the curvature of the arched plaster surfaces 12,

14. The side surfaces 24 of the pair of recessed portions 20, which lie in the direction of curvature in succession, are also directed towards the axis of curvature. However, the other two lateral faces of each recessed portion 20 that are perpendicular thereto remain parallel. The bottom surfaces 26 of the recessed portions 20 also lie on imaginary vaulted surfaces which have a constant distance from the plaster surfaces 12, 14.

Claims (15)

PATENT CLAIMS 1. Blocks for making wall walls, day and the like, in particular of a refractory material for furnace lining, wherein at least one surface of the block is intended as a plaster surface for receiving a layer of plaster and is provided with a plurality of recesses spaced apart such that parallel or possibly equidistant to the edge of the block, the recessed and non-recessed portions are avoided, characterized in that even along the lines extending perpendicular to this edge of the same plaster surface (12, 14), the recessed portions (20) and the non-recessed portions (22). A block according to claim 1, characterized in that the plaster surface (12, 14) is formed by a honeycomb and at least most of the recessed portions (20) are surrounded by non-recessed portions (22) in each case. A block according to claim 1, characterized in that the plaster surface (12, 14) is formed by a honeycomb and at least most of the non-recessed portions (22) are surrounded by recessed portions (20). A block according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the dimensions of each of the depressed or each of the non-depressed portions (20, 22) are parallel or possibly equidistant to the edge of the block (10) and in the second direction extending thereto. perpendicular, approximately the same. - 12 Γυ A block according to claim 4, characterized in that the depressed or non-depressed portions (20, 22) have a square or circular contour. A block according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the plaster surface (12) and the back surface (14) opposite it are dish-arched, the distance between the two surfaces (12, 14) being at least approximately constant, and that the bottom surfaces (26) of the recessed portions (20) lie on an imaginary domed surface having at least approximately constant spacing to the plaster surfaces (12, 14). Block according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the side surfaces (24) connecting the bottom surfaces (26) of the recessed portions (20) to the plaster surfaces (12, 14) are approximately perpendicular to the bounding plaster surfaces (20). 12, 14). A block according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the cross-section of each recessed part (20) measured in the plaster surface (12, 14) is equal to or slightly larger than the cross-section of the recessed part (20) measured in the bottom surface (26). ). Block according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the plaster surface (12) and the rear surface (14) extending equidistantly from one another form the wide sides of the plate-shaped block (10, 11) and both are formed by honeycombs. with recessed portions (20) and non-recessed portions (22) alternating in two perpendicular directions, and that at least two opposing faces (16) of the block (10, 11) are also provided with recessed but otherwise sized portions (32) . - 13 T \ J Block according to one of the preceding claims, in particular according to claim 9, characterized in that the recessed portions (32) in the end faces (16) are formed in the form of grooves perpendicularly connecting the plaster surface (12) to the back face (14). . A block according to claim 10, characterized in that the grooves (32) in the end faces (16) each have half the cross-section of the recessed portions (20) in the plaster surface (12, 14) and are aligned with one row of these recessed portions. (20). A block according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that its plaster surface (12, 14) is in the form of a regular hexagon, and that in the plaster surface (12) and / or the opposing rear surface (14) mutually perpendicular intersecting breaks (34, 36) are formed which further divide the block into four identical quadrilateral bricks. Method for manufacturing an arched block according to one or more of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the clay-containing molding composition is filled with a flat-bottomed (40) top-open mold (40), and then the molding composition is pressed into a mold (50). of the mold (40) introduced, the face of which is parallel to the bottom (42) of the mold (40), wherein a plurality of protrusions (46) are formed on the bottom (42) and / or on the face of the punch (50) to form depressions. a portion (20) in the compact (F) that the molding process is maintained for a minimum of several days until the compact (F) is solidified to approximately the hardness of the skin, after which the still completely dried compact (F) - 14 τ \) 4Ή undeformed (40), the molding (F) is then placed on a smooth, stepless convex or concave arched backing with two opposing lower edges of one of its two wide side faces and ends there for a few days drying, during which the compact (F) gradually deforms due to the weight of the blank (52) due to the weight of the support (52). Method according to claim 13, characterized in that a certain number of compacts (F) are dried in a long bath (52) of constant concave cross-section up to the residual moisture permissible for subsequent firing. A block produced according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that its arched plaster surfaces (12, 14) have a circumferential angle in the range of 20 ° to 45 ° and their radius of curvature is in the range of 0.25 m. up to about 1.00 m. τν ^ 2-i-qz.