SI26201A - System for measuring and displaying the distance between vehicles andthe method of determining the distance between two vehicles - Google Patents
System for measuring and displaying the distance between vehicles andthe method of determining the distance between two vehicles Download PDFInfo
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- SI26201A SI26201A SI202100105A SI202100105A SI26201A SI 26201 A SI26201 A SI 26201A SI 202100105 A SI202100105 A SI 202100105A SI 202100105 A SI202100105 A SI 202100105A SI 26201 A SI26201 A SI 26201A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/09—Arrangements for giving variable traffic instructions
- G08G1/095—Traffic lights
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
- G08G1/015—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled with provision for distinguishing between two or more types of vehicles, e.g. between motor-cars and cycles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
- G08G1/04—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled using optical or ultrasonic detectors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
- G08G1/052—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled with provision for determining speed or overspeed
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Abstract
Pričujoči izum je sistem za merjenje in prikazovanje razdalje med vozili, ki je sestavljen iz: - detekcijske enote zasnovane kot vodotesno ohišje, znotraj katerega je nameščen računalnik in kamera, - prikazovalne enote, ki vozniku prikazuje primernost varnostne razdalje z oznako "primerna razdalja" in oznako "neprimerna razdalja", pri čemer sta detekcijska enota in prikazovalna enota medsebojno žično ali brezžično povezani, - vsaj enega vira energije, ki skrbi za delovanje detekcijske in prikazovalne enote. Preračun razdalje med voziloma narejen na osnovi časa, ki mine med prečkanjem navidezne točke, daljice ali premice na izbrani točki na cestišču, če je čas med prečkanji navidezne premice krajši od dveh sekund, se na prikazovalni enoti prikaže znak "neprimerna razdalja", če pa med prečkanji navidezne točke/premice mineta več kot dve sekundi, prikazovalna enota prikaže znak "primerna razdalja".The present invention is a system for measuring and displaying the distance between vehicles, which consists of: - a detection unit designed as a waterproof case, inside which a computer and a camera are installed, - a display unit that shows the driver the suitability of the safety distance with the label "suitable distance" and mark "unsuitable distance", whereby the detection unit and the display unit are connected to each other by wire or wireless, - at least one energy source that ensures the operation of the detection and display unit. The calculation of the distance between the two vehicles is based on the time that elapses while crossing the virtual point, distance or straight line at the selected point on the road, if the time between crossing the virtual straight line is shorter than two seconds, the "inappropriate distance" sign is displayed on the display unit, but if more than two seconds pass between virtual point/line crossings, the display unit shows the sign "suitable distance".
Description
Sistem za merjenje in prikazovanje razdalje med vozili ter metoda določanja razdalje med dvema vozilomaA system for measuring and displaying the distance between vehicles and a method of determining the distance between two vehicles
Področje tehnikeThe field of technology
Pričujoči izum spada na področje merilnih sistemov, natančneje na področje sistemov za določanje razdalje ali hitrosti vozil. Izum se nanaša na sistem za merjenje in prikazovanje varnostne razdalje med vozili ter na metodo določanja razdalje med dvema voziloma.The present invention belongs to the field of measuring systems, more precisely to the field of systems for determining the distance or speed of vehicles. The invention relates to a system for measuring and displaying the safety distance between vehicles and to a method of determining the distance between two vehicles.
Ozadje izuma in tehnični problemBackground of the Invention and Technical Problem
Prometna varnost je eden najpomembnejših vidikov cestnega prometa. Varnost v cestnem prometu se zagotavlja s kakovostno in redno vzdrževano cestno infrastrukturo, varnimi vozili ter s cestno-prometnimi predpisi, med katerimi je pomembna tudi varnostna razdalja med vozili. Le-ta je pogosto spregledana, a vseeno predstavlja enega izmed najpogostejših vzrokov prometnih nesreč na cestah. Premajhna razdalja med vozili, še posebno ob hkratni visoki hitrosti, onemogoča pravočasno reakcijo voznika, s katero bi lahko preprečil nesrečo.Traffic safety is one of the most important aspects of road traffic. Safety in road traffic is ensured by high-quality and regularly maintained road infrastructure, safe vehicles and road traffic regulations, among which the safety distance between vehicles is also important. This is often overlooked, but still represents one of the most common causes of traffic accidents on the roads. Too little distance between the vehicles, especially at high speed at the same time, makes it impossible for the driver to react in time to prevent an accident.
Varnostna razdalja kot obveza voznikov je predpisana v Zakonu o varnosti cestnega prometa, kjer je določeno, da varnostna razdalja ne sme biti manjša od razdalje, ki jo pri hitrosti, s kakršno vozi, prevozi v dveh sekundah. V praksi to pomeni, da je pri hitrosti 100 km/h varnostna razdalja tako vsaj 54 metrov, pri hitrosti 130 km/h pa znaša minimalno 72 metrov. Izjemo predstavlja močno zgoščen promet, ko je lahko varnostna razdalja tudi razdalja, ki jo vozilo prevozi v eni sekundi. Večina ljudi si težko predstavlja kakšna razdalja je primerna, zato je na ali ob robu vozišča ponekod nameščena oznaka, s katero se lahko določi dve-sekundno časovno okno. Ko se prvo vozilo z zadnjim delom premakne čez oznako, se ob primerni varnostni razdalji drugo vozilo s sprednjim delom na oznaki pojavi šele po preteku dveh sekund ali štetja v sekundnem taktu: Enaindvajset, dvaindvajset. Takšno sledenje je sicer dokaj enostavno, a ga vozniki ne morejo izvajati v vsakem trenutku, zato so predvsem na avtocestah prisotni znaki na cestišču, ki morajo biti med zadnjim delom spredaj vozečega vozila in sprednjim delom zadaj vozečega vozila, če je razdalja primerna. Tak način preverjanja ustreznosti varnostne razdalje je ustrezen ob predpostavki, da obe vozili vozita po omejitvi in z nespremenjeno hitrostjo. Upravljavec ceste lahko dodatno predpiše, da se vozi s predpisano varnostno razdaljo, kadar oceni, da je to ustrezno oziroma primerno, kot na primer v območju predorov ali odsekih z drugimi motnjami v prometu, kar lahko še dodatno zmede preverjanje varnostne razdalje voznika.The safety distance as an obligation of drivers is prescribed in the Road Traffic Safety Act, which stipulates that the safety distance must not be less than the distance that can be covered in two seconds at the speed at which the driver is driving. In practice, this means that at a speed of 100 km/h the safety distance is at least 54 meters, and at a speed of 130 km/h it is a minimum of 72 meters. The exception is heavily congested traffic, when the safety distance can also be the distance that the vehicle travels in one second. Most people find it difficult to imagine what distance is appropriate, so there is a marker placed on or at the edge of the road in some places, which can be used to determine a two-second time window. When the first vehicle with the rear part moves over the mark, with a suitable safety distance, the second vehicle with the front part appears on the mark only after two seconds have passed or a count in one second: Twenty-one, twenty-two. Such tracking is quite easy, but drivers cannot do it at all times, which is why, especially on highways, there are signs on the road, which must be between the rear of the vehicle driving in front and the front of the vehicle driving behind, if the distance is suitable. Such a method of checking the adequacy of the safety distance is adequate on the assumption that both vehicles drive within the limit and at an unchanged speed. The road manager can additionally prescribe driving with the prescribed safety distance when he deems this to be relevant or appropriate, such as in the area of tunnels or sections with other traffic disturbances, which can further confuse the driver's safety distance check.
Zato je cilj m naloga izuma zasnova sistema za določanje in prikazovanje razdalje med vozili, ki bo samodejno meril razdaljo med dvema voziloma in primernost izmerjene razdalje sporočal na enostavnem prikazovalniku ob cesti, ki ga bo voznik enostavno opazil in razumel.Therefore, the aim and task of the invention is the design of a system for determining and displaying the distance between vehicles, which will automatically measure the distance between two vehicles and communicate the adequacy of the measured distance on a simple roadside display that the driver will easily notice and understand.
Stanje tehnikeState of the art
Patentna prijava DE2723584A1 opisuje napravo za merjenje hitrosti in razdalje, ki temelji na laserski merilni napravi ter elektronski ocenjevalni napravi, ki ima spomin m logično enoto. Obe enoti sta med seboj povezani tako, da se takoj po izteku časa merjenja povprečna hitrost in povprečna razdalja prikažeta ali posnameta. Laserska naprava za merjenje razdalje temelji na času potovanja laserskega pulza, kar se razlikuje od pričujočega izuma.Patent application DE2723584A1 describes a device for measuring speed and distance based on a laser measuring device and an electronic evaluation device having a memory m logic unit. The two units are interconnected in such a way that the average speed and average distance are displayed or recorded immediately after the measurement time has expired. A laser distance measuring device is based on the travel time of a laser pulse, which differs from the present invention.
Dokument JPH1031800A opisuje prikazovalno napravo za prikazovanje razdalje med vozili, kar lahko enostavno vidi oseba v vozilu. Prikazovalna naprava ima procesor, ki pridobiva podatke o razdalji med vozili na določeno frekvenco, ter jih shranjuje v spominu ter hkrati presoja, če izmerjena razdalja med vozili presega predpisano vrednost ali ne. Potem se prikaže vrednost razdalje na prikazovalniku. Ta rešitev je vezana na prikazovanje znotraj vozila, medtem ko je sistem po izumu nameščen ob cestišču in ne znotraj vozila.Document JPH1031800A describes a display device for displaying the distance between vehicles, which can be easily seen by a person in the vehicle. The display device has a processor that acquires data on the distance between the vehicles at a certain frequency and stores them in memory, and at the same time judges whether the measured distance between the vehicles exceeds the prescribed value or not. The distance value will then appear on the display. This solution is tied to the display inside the vehicle, while the system according to the invention is installed next to the road and not inside the vehicle.
Dokument JPH04165500A razkriva opozorilno tablo, ki voznikom sporoča opozorilo nevarnega vozila, ki uporablja kamero za preračun razdalje vozila od vzorca, ki je narisan, pri čemer se upošteva tudi hitrost vožnje vozila v določenem časovnem intervalu. Ta rešitev je zasnovana na fotografiji s televizijsko kamero in shranjevanjem zajetih slik, kjer je vzorec na površini ceste slikah kot referenčna slika, pozicija vozila pa se zazna na podlagi spremembe slike vzorca glede na referenčno sliko na površini ceste, ko vozila ni bilo. Razdalja med vozili se izračuna iz vzorca med vozili na zajetih slikah. Nevarno vozilo se ugotovi tako, da odločevalno sredstvo preračuna razdaljo vozila od vzorca med vozili, zazna hitrost vozila s primerjanjem preteklega časa od zaznave vozila in odloči, če je vozilo nevarno, kar pomeni, da je razdalja med vozili premajhna, da je hitrost vožnje previsoka ali oboje. V takem primeru se informacija o nevarnem vozilu prikaže na opozorilnem sredstvu oziroma ekranu. Ta rešitev se od pričujočega izum razlikuje po načinu določanja razdalje med vozili.Document JPH04165500A discloses a warning sign that provides drivers with a warning of a dangerous vehicle that uses a camera to calculate the vehicle's distance from a pattern that is drawn, taking into account the vehicle's speed during a certain time interval. This solution is based on television camera photography and the storage of captured images, where the pattern on the road surface is used as a reference image, and the position of the vehicle is detected based on the change of the pattern image with respect to the reference image on the road surface when the vehicle was not present. The distance between vehicles is calculated from the pattern between vehicles in the captured images. A dangerous vehicle is determined by the decision means recalculating the distance of the vehicle from the pattern between the vehicles, detecting the speed of the vehicle by comparing the elapsed time since the detection of the vehicle, and deciding if the vehicle is dangerous, which means that the distance between the vehicles is too small, that the driving speed is too high or both. In such a case, information about the dangerous vehicle is displayed on the warning device or screen. This solution differs from the present invention in the method of determining the distance between vehicles.
Opis rešitve tehničnega problemaDescription of the solution to the technical problem
Sistem za merjenje in prikazovanje razdalje med vozili po izumu je sestavljen iz: detekcijske enote, ki zaznava vozila in druge premikajoče se predmete na cestišču m je zasnovana kot vodotesno ohišje, znotraj katerega je nameščen računalnik, električni pretvornik in kamera, ali pa je kamera nameščena na ali ob omenjenem ohišju, pri čemer je detekcijska enota prilagojena za zaznavanje prečkanja navidezno ustvarjene referenčne točke na cestišču, ki je lahko navidezna točka, daljica ali premica, ter za spremljanje časa ali razdalje med vozili ob prečkanju omenjene referenčne točke, prikazovalne enote, ki prikazuje primernost varnostne razdalje z oznako »primerna razdalja« in oznako »neprimerna razdalja«, pri čemer je oznaka prikazana vsaj 10 metrov preden vozilo pride vštric s prikazovalno enoto, in pri čemer je prikazovalna enota prednostno LED RGB prikazovalna tabla, pri čemer sta detekcijska enota in prikazovalna enota medsebojno žično ali brezžično povezani, in se prikazovalna enota nahaja vsaj 10 metrov, prednostno 30 do 100 metrov, za detekcijsko enoto v smeri vožnje vozil, v kateri se meritev in prikazovanje varnostne razdalje izvaja, terThe system for measuring and displaying the distance between vehicles according to the invention consists of: a detection unit that detects vehicles and other moving objects on the road m is designed as a waterproof housing inside which a computer, an electrical converter and a camera are installed, or the camera is installed on or next to said housing, wherein the detection unit is adapted to detect the crossing of a virtually created reference point on the road, which may be a virtual point, a distance or a straight line, and to monitor the time or distance between vehicles when crossing said reference point, a display unit which shows the appropriateness of the safety distance with the "suitable distance" mark and the "unsuitable distance" mark, where the mark is displayed at least 10 meters before the vehicle collides with the display unit, and where the display unit is preferably an LED RGB display board, where the detection unit is and the display unit are connected to each other by wire or wireless, and the display unit n at least 10 meters, preferably 30 to 100 meters, for the detection unit in the direction of travel of vehicles, in which the measurement and display of the safety distance is performed, and
- vsaj enega vira energije, ki skrbi za delovanje detekcijske in prikazovalne enote, pri čemer je napajanje iz zunanjega vira ali akumulatorja.- at least one energy source that ensures the operation of the detection and display unit, with the power supply coming from an external source or battery.
Po alternativni izvedbi sistema sta lahko detekcijska in prikazovalna enota postavljeni na istem drogu ali podobnem elementu, pri čemer mora biti detekcijska enota nastavljena tako, da meri razdaljo med vozili na primerno oddaljeni razdalji, tako da se lahko opozorilo pravočasno prikaže na prikazovalni enoti. Detekcijska enota je nameščena nad prikazovalno enoto. Določanje razdalje med vozili poteka na enak način kot pri izvedbi, kjer sta detekcijska in prikazovalna enota nameščeni na različnih, ločenih lokacijah.According to an alternative embodiment of the system, the detection and display unit can be placed on the same pole or similar element, whereby the detection unit must be set to measure the distance between the vehicles at a suitable distance so that the warning can be displayed on the display unit in time. The detection unit is mounted above the display unit. Determining the distance between vehicles takes place in the same way as in the case where the detection and display units are installed in different, separate locations.
Bistvo sistema po izumu je v tem, da je preračun razdalje med voziloma narejen na osnovi časa, ki mine med prečkanjem vnaprej določenih mest preverjanja enega vozila m drugega vozila. Mesta preverjanja so navidezne točke, daljice in/ali premice na cesti. Če je voznih pasov v isti smeri več, imajo lahko vsi pasovi enak tip navidezne točke, na primer vsi navidezno točko ali vsi navidezno daljico, ali pa ima en ali vec pasov navidezno točko, preostali pa navidezno daljico. Sistem zaznava premikajoče se elemente, ki jih zazna kamera. Algoritem prepozna vozila in jih loči od preostalih premikajočih se elementov na znane načine, ki so poznani strokovnjaku na področju. Sistem ustvari navidezno točko, daljico ali premico prečno na cestisce m spremlja čas, ko prvo vozilo prevozi to točko, daljico ali premico in čas, ko se novo vozilo dotakne te iste točke/daljice/premice. Navidezna točka, daljica oziroma premica je sestavljena iz enega ali več pikslov, sistem pa prepoznava, če je vozilo vstopilo v katerega izmed pikslov ali če je vozilo zapustilo zadnjega izmed pikslov. Če je čas med prečkanji navidezne premice med dvema voziloma krajši od dveh sekund, se na prikazovalni enoti prikaže znak »neprimerna razdalja«, če pa med prečkanji navidezne premice mineta več kot dve sekundi, prikazovalna enota prikaže vozniku znak »primerna razdalja«, oziroma drugo opozorilo (npr. »Hvala, ker vozite primerno«, «Vozite prehitro«, itd.). V primeru, da je varnostna razdalja opredeljena kot dolžina (npr. 100 m) se ob izračunu hitrosti vozila pred njim ter časa med vozili izračuna razdalja v metrih. Hitrost se lahko zaznava ali izračunava na katerikoli znan način. Ob vsakem prečkanju mesta preverjanja, pa tudi že pred prečkanjem, sistem vsaj enkrat preveri, če je premikajoči se element res vozilo. V kolikor ni, se dogodek ne upošteva, t.j. se ne shrani. Točka, daljica ali premica je vnaprej določena in sprogramirana, izračunava se na programu v računalniku, pri čemer se opredeli eno točko ali daljico za en pas ceste, ki se je načeloma ne premika. Z enostavno kalibracijo sistema v programu (oddaljenost kamere od ceste, kot kamere na cesto) se sistem nastavi na pravilno merjenje dolžine vozil, hitrosti vozil in razdalje med vozili v metrih. Sistemu se določi oddaljenost kamere od ceste m kot kamere na cesto preko uporabniškega vmesnika ali direktno v skripti (kodi), torej back-endu. Ko se določi oddaljenost predmeta na kameri in kot, se lahko izračuna dolžino posameznega predmeta (v tem primeru vozila) in hitrost predmetov. Ti izračuni so poznani strokovnjaku na področju in se izvedejo z ustrezno sprogramiranim računalniškim programom.The essence of the system according to the invention is that the recalculation of the distance between the two vehicles is based on the time that passes between the predetermined check points of one vehicle and another vehicle. Checkpoints are virtual points, distances and/or straight lines on the road. If there are multiple lanes in the same direction, all lanes can have the same virtual point type, for example, all virtual point or all virtual distance, or one or more lanes have virtual point and the rest have virtual distance. The system detects moving elements detected by the camera. The algorithm recognizes vehicles and separates them from other moving elements in known ways known to one skilled in the art. The system creates a virtual point, distance or straight line across the road m monitors the time when the first vehicle passes this point, distance or straight line and the time when the new vehicle touches this same point/distance/line. A virtual point, distance or straight line consists of one or more pixels, and the system recognizes if the vehicle has entered one of the pixels or if the vehicle has left the last pixel. If the time between the crossings of the virtual line between two vehicles is shorter than two seconds, the display unit displays the sign "inappropriate distance", but if more than two seconds pass between the crossings of the virtual line, the display unit shows the driver the sign "suitable distance", or another warning (e.g. "Thank you for driving appropriately", "You are driving too fast", etc.). If the safety distance is defined as a length (e.g. 100 m), the distance in meters is calculated when calculating the speed of the vehicle in front of it and the time between the vehicles. Velocity may be sensed or calculated in any known manner. At each crossing of the check point, as well as before crossing, the system checks at least once whether the moving element is indeed a vehicle. If it is not, the event is not taken into account, i.e. is not saved. A point, distance or line is predetermined and programmed, it is calculated on a computer program, whereby one point or distance is defined for one lane of the road, which in principle does not move. By simply calibrating the system in the program (distance of the camera from the road, angle of the camera to the road), the system is set to correctly measure the length of the vehicles, the speed of the vehicles and the distance between the vehicles in meters. The distance of the camera from the road m as the distance of the camera to the road is determined for the system via the user interface or directly in the script (code), i.e. the back-end. Once the distance of the object on the camera and the angle are determined, the length of the individual object (in this case the vehicle) and the speed of the objects can be calculated. These calculations are known to one of ordinary skill in the art and are performed with a suitably programmed computer program.
Sistem lahko podatke shranjuje, prednostno v tekstovni obliki: čas dogodka prečkanja navidezne premice, hitrost vozila, čas, ki je minil od prečkanja oziroma zapustitve navidezne premice/točke prejšnjega vozila (varnostna razdalja vozila), tip vozila (osebni avtomobil, kamion, itd...), dolžina vozila ter informacijo o primernosti varnostne razdalje (zadostna/prekratka).The system can store data, preferably in text format: time of the virtual line crossing event, vehicle speed, time elapsed since the previous vehicle crossed or left the virtual line/point (vehicle safety distance), vehicle type (passenger car, truck, etc. ..), length of the vehicle and information on the suitability of the safety distance (sufficient/too short).
Oznaka, ki jo prikazovalna enota prikaže, je lahko napis, grafika, kombinacija napisa in grafike, kot tudi zaporedje omenjenih.The mark displayed by the display unit can be a text, a graphic, a combination of text and graphics, as well as a sequence of the aforementioned.
Prednost opisanega določanja razdalje v primerjavi z narisanimi oznakami in primerjanjem fotografij je v tem, da niso potrebni posegi v cestišče, da na cesti ni za voznika motečih elementov, ki lahko vplivajo na varnost ter tudi na same rezultate Prav tako se narisane oznake na cesti lahko zabrišejo, poškodujejo ali postanejo slabse vidne, zaradi česar je potrebno njihovo vzdrževanje, kar vodi v stroške posege v cestišče, zapore in podobno. Sistem po izumu je možno tudi premikati in prilagajati mikrolokacijo oziroma pozicijo ne glede na cestišče in njegovo kvaliteto V primeru mostov in nadcestnih portalov sta lahko obe ali posamezna enota nameščeni nad voziščem, običajno pa sta enoti postavljeni na rob cestišča.The advantage of the described distance determination in comparison with drawn markings and comparing photos is that no interventions in the road are necessary, that there are no disturbing elements on the road for the driver that can affect safety and also the results themselves. Also, drawn markings on the road can be they become blurred, damaged or become less visible, as a result of which their maintenance is necessary, which leads to the costs of interventions in the road, barriers and the like. The system according to the invention can also be moved and the microlocation or position adjusted regardless of the road surface and its quality. In the case of bridges and overpass portals, both or individual units can be installed above the carriageway, but usually the units are placed on the edge of the road surface.
Opisani sistem lahko meri razdaljo na dva različna načina:The described system can measure distance in two different ways:
merjenje v sprednji del vozil, kjer je kamera obrnjena proti smeri vožnje in snema vozila v njihov sprednji (čelni del), in merjenje v zadnji del vozil, kjer je kamera obrnjena v smeri vožnje in snema vozila v njihov zadnji del.metering into the front of vehicles, where the camera is facing the direction of travel and records vehicles in their front (frontal part), and metering into the rear of vehicles, where the camera is facing in the direction of travel and records vehicles in their rear.
Princip z analizo pikslov navidezne premice/daljice/točke je v obeh primerih enak.The principle with pixel analysis of the virtual line/distance/point is the same in both cases.
Sistem je z LED prikazovalno tablo povezan preko WI-FI ali žice (TCP/IP, RS 232 ali drugega protokola) ali druge brezžične povezave. LED prikazovalna tabla je lahko katerakoli primerna tabla, vključno z tablami za druge namene, ki se lahko povežejo preko omenjenih protokolov s sistemom po izumu, tako da tabla prikazuje informacije o primernosti razdalje na zahtevo detekcijske enote. LED prikazovalna tabla je postavljena vsaj 10 m, prednostno vsaj 30 do 100 metrov za kamero, pri čemer je v primeru, da kamera meri v zadnji del vozila, idealna razdalja med detekcijsko in prikazovalno enoto daljša. S tem se pridobi dovolj časa za procesiranje podatkov in prikazovanje opozoril vozniku, preden le-ta pripelje mimo prikazovalne enote. Oznaka oziroma napis mora biti prikazan vozniku vsaj 10 metrov preden se pelje mimo table, oddaljenost zavisi od hitrosti oziroma omejitev hitrosti (prednostno je razdalja med 15 in 100m). Napajanje prikazovalne enote je lahko enako kot za računalnik ali pa ima prikazovalna enota lastno napajanje (12 ali 220V). Prikazovalna tabla lahko opozarja tudi z nastavljivo zakasnitvijo, torej se ne glede na oddaljenost table od kamere opozorilo o premajhni razdalji prikaže pravočasno in ustreznemu vozniku. Čas prikazovanja posameznih grafik (koliko časa grafika sveti) ter oblike grafike ter izmenjevanje grafike (opozorilo je tako lahko sestavljeno iz zaporednih grafik) je prav tako prilagodljivo. Omenjene prilagoditve se izvede preko ustreznega programiranja in nastavljanja, kot je poznano strokovnjaku na področju.The system is connected to the LED display board via WI-FI or wire (TCP/IP, RS 232 or other protocol) or other wireless connection. The LED display board can be any suitable board, including boards for other purposes, which can be connected via the mentioned protocols to the system according to the invention, so that the board displays information about the suitability of the distance on request of the detection unit. The LED display board is placed at least 10 m, preferably at least 30 to 100 meters behind the camera, and in the event that the camera measures to the rear of the vehicle, the ideal distance between the detection and display unit is longer. This gives enough time to process the data and display warnings to the driver before he passes the display unit. The sign or inscription must be shown to the driver at least 10 meters before passing the sign, the distance depends on the speed or speed limit (the distance between 15 and 100m is preferred). The power supply of the display unit can be the same as for the computer, or the display unit has its own power supply (12 or 220V). The display board can also warn with an adjustable delay, so regardless of the distance of the board from the camera, the warning about insufficient distance is displayed in time and to the appropriate driver. The display time of individual graphics (how long the graphic lights up) and the shape of the graphics and the alternation of graphics (the warning can thus consist of consecutive graphics) are also flexible. Said adjustments are made through appropriate programming and setting as known to a person skilled in the art.
Kamera zajema podatke vozil, informacije, ki jih zajame in na računalnik pošlje kamera, pa procesira in shranjuje računalnik. Računalnik mora imeti aktualno uro, da lahko pravilno shranjuje čas dogodkov. Prednostno je detekcijska enota ali sama kamera opremljena z IR reflektorjem, tako da se lahko meri in sporoča varnostna razdalja med dvema voziloma tudi v nočnem času, ko in/ali če ni na voljo ustrezne druge razsvetljave.The camera captures vehicle data, and the information captured and sent to the computer by the camera is processed and stored by the computer. The computer must have a current clock in order to correctly store the time of events. Preferably, the detection unit or the camera itself is equipped with an IR reflector, so that the safety distance between two vehicles can be measured and communicated even at night when and/or if there is no suitable other lighting available.
Dodatno lahko sistem po izumu meri in sporoča hitrost vožnje vozil ter meri in opozarja vozila na druge nevarnosti ali možne prekrške. V ta namen je sistem prednostno opremljen s senzorjem za temperaturo ali senzorjem višine, kar omogoča opozarjanje na poledico ali previsoka vozila. V kolikor ima sistem takšno nadgradnjo, je oznaka, ki jo prikazovalna enota prikaže, lahko napis, grafika, kombinacija napisa in grafike, še posebno pa zaporedje omenjenih, da lahko prikaže informacije tako za varnostno razdaljo, kot tudi višino vozila, nevarnost na cesti, hitrost vozila in podobno. Za boljšo povezljivost, shranjevanje podatkov v oblaku in oddaljeno upravljanje ter nadzor sistema je lahko sistem povezan v internet.In addition, the system according to the invention can measure and report the driving speed of vehicles and measure and warn vehicles about other dangers or possible violations. For this purpose, the system is preferably equipped with a temperature sensor or a height sensor, which allows warning of ice or vehicles that are too high. If the system has such an upgrade, the label displayed by the display unit can be an inscription, a graphic, a combination of an inscription and a graphic, and especially a sequence of the aforementioned, so that it can display information for both the safety distance and the height of the vehicle, the danger on the road, vehicle speed and the like. The system can be connected to the Internet for better connectivity, data storage in the cloud, and remote management and control of the system.
Sistem za napajanje računalnika in kamere potrebuje 5V. Če je napetost višja (izmenični tok) se uporabi akumulator skupaj z pretvornikom (220 v 12), če je napetost 12v (enosmerni tok) se uporabi pretvornik (12 v 5). Tabla za prikazovanje potrebuje 12V ali 220 V.The computer and camera power supply system needs 5V. If the voltage is higher (alternating current) the battery is used together with the converter (220 v 12), if the voltage is 12v (direct current) the converter (12 v 5) is used. The display board needs 12V or 220V.
Sistem po izumu se lahko namesti na samostojen drog ali podoben element ali pa že na katerikoli obstoječ drog, pri čemer mora biti višina sistema s kamero vsaj 2 m, prednostno med 2,5 in 6 m, medtem ko je prikazovalna tabla na kakršnemkoli drogu nameščena na višini 2,5 do 5 m. Višina je odvisna od hitrosti vozil, saj so na avtocestah table nameščene višje na t.i. portalih nad voziščem.The system according to the invention can be installed on an independent pole or a similar element or on any existing pole, whereby the height of the system with the camera must be at least 2 m, preferably between 2.5 and 6 m, while the display board is installed on any pole at a height of 2.5 to 5 m. The height depends on the speed of the vehicles, since on the highways the signs are placed higher on the so-called portals above the carriageway.
Metoda določanja razdalje med dvema voziloma s sistemom po izumu vključuje sledeče korake:The method of determining the distance between two vehicles with the system according to the invention includes the following steps:
a) zaznavanje predmeta, ki se pripelje v okvir zaznavanja, t.j. v kader kamere, ki je del detekcijske enote,a) perception of an object that is brought into the frame of perception, i.e. into the frame of the camera, which is part of the detection unit,
b) sledenje premikajočemu se predmetu in ugotavljanje vrste predmeta z ustreznim programom, ki je naučen, da prepozna različne tipe vozil oziroma prepozna, da nek predmet ni/je vozilo,b) tracking a moving object and identifying the type of object with a suitable program that is trained to recognize different types of vehicles or recognize that an object is not/is a vehicle,
c) ponavljanje ugotavljanja vrste predmeta,c) repeating the determination of the type of object,
d) ugotavljanje smeri potovanja vozila ugotovljenega v koraku c) in lokacija v kadru kamere za ugotavljanje prisotnosti predmeta na določenem voznem pasu, za katerega se določa varnostna razdalja,d) determining the direction of travel of the vehicle identified in step c) and the location in the camera frame to determine the presence of an object in a certain lane for which the safety distance is determined,
e) shranjevanje podatkov v primeru, da je vsaj dvakrat ugotovljeno, da je premikajoči predmet vozilo in se premika v smeri merjenja in na merjenem pasu/področju zaznavanja,e) data storage in the event that it is determined at least twice that the moving object is a vehicle and is moving in the direction of measurement and in the measured lane/detection area,
f) spremljanje pikslov navidezne točke, daljice in/ali premice,f) monitoring the pixels of the virtual point, distance and/or line,
g) beleženje vstopa vozila v piksle navidezne točke, daljice in/ali premice,g) recording the entry of the vehicle into the pixels of the virtual point, distance and/or straight line,
h) ugotavljanje časa od zapustitve zadnjega piksla zadnjega ugotovljenega vozila ter shranjevanje podatkov o zaznani varnostni razdalji skupaj s časom dogodka, i) izračun hitrosti vožnje vozila preko spremljanja časa prehoda kadra kamere, pri čemer ima sistem vnaprej nastavljeno oddaljenost kamere od ceste ter kot kamere na cesto, da lahko sistem pravilno meri dolžine vozil, hitrosti vozil in razdalje med vozili v metrih,h) determining the time since leaving the last pixel of the last detected vehicle and storing data on the detected safety distance together with the time of the event, i) calculating the vehicle's driving speed by monitoring the camera frame transit time, whereby the system has a preset distance of the camera from the road and the angle of the camera on road, so that the system can correctly measure vehicle lengths, vehicle speeds and distances between vehicles in meters,
j) pošiljanje informacije o zaznani varnostni razdalji (primerna, neprimerna) ter po izbiri še druge informacije, kot so hitrost, opozorila, itd., iz sistema na LED prikazovalno tablo, vključno z informacijo kdaj naj prikaže grafiko, katero grafiko ali zaporedje njih in koliko časa naj bo grafika prikazana, terj) sending information about the detected safety distance (appropriate, inappropriate) and optionally other information, such as speed, warnings, etc., from the system to the LED display board, including information about when to display graphics, which graphics or a sequence of them and how long the graphic should be displayed, and
k) shranjevanje dogodka v posebno datoteko, prednostno formata .csv, kjer so zaporedno shranjeni vsi zaznani dogodki s pripadajočimi podatki.k) saving the event in a special file, preferably in .csv format, where all detected events are stored sequentially with the associated data.
Opisani koraki se ponavljajo ves čas, ko sistem deluje.The described steps are repeated all the time the system is running.
Sistem je primeren za namestitev na vse vrste cest, tako lokalne kot tudi široke avtoceste. V kolikor je cesta večpasovna, se ustvari navidezno premico ločeno na dva ali več delov, pri čemer je število delov enako številu pasov, in se prečkanje omenjene premice spremlja na enak način, kot je bilo opisano zgoraj. V primeru več pasov se kamero postavi razmeroma višje, da ne pride do prekrivanj vozil na kameri.The system is suitable for installation on all types of roads, both local and wide highways. If the road is multi-lane, an imaginary line is created separately into two or more parts, with the number of parts equal to the number of lanes, and the crossing of said line is monitored in the same way as described above. In the case of several lanes, the camera is placed relatively higher so that there is no overlapping of vehicles on the camera.
Sistem za merjenje in prikazovanje razdalje med vozili ter metoda določanja razdalje med dvema voziloma po izumu bosta v nadaljevanju opisana s pomočjo izvedbenega primera in slik, ki prikazujejo:The system for measuring and displaying the distance between vehicles and the method of determining the distance between two vehicles according to the invention will be described below with the help of an implementation example and pictures showing:
Slika 1 Detekcijska enota sistema po izvedbenem primeruFigure 1 Detection unit of the system according to the implementation example
Slika 2 Postavitev sistema za merjenje v zadnji del vozilFigure 2 Placement of the measuring system in the rear of vehicles
Slika 3 Postavitev sistema za merjenje v sprednji del vozilFigure 3 Placement of the measuring system in the front part of the vehicles
Sistem za merjenje in prikazovanje razdalje med vozili po izvedbenem primeru je sestavljen iz:The system for measuring and displaying the distance between vehicles according to the implementation example consists of:
detekcijske enote, ki zaznava vozila in druge premikajoče se predmete na cestišču, pri čemer je detekcijska enota prilagojena za zaznavanje prečkanja navidezno ustvarjene referenčne točke na cestišču, ki je lahko navidezna točka, daljica ali premica, ter za spremljanje časa ali razdalje med vozili ob prečkanju omenjene referenčne točke, ina detection unit that detects vehicles and other moving objects on the road, wherein the detection unit is adapted to detect the crossing of a virtually created reference point on the road, which may be a virtual point, a distance or a straight line, and to monitor the time or distance between vehicles when crossing mentioned reference points, and
LED prikazovalne enote, ki prikazuje primernost varnostne razdalje z oznako »primerna razdalja« in oznako »neprimerna razdalja«, pri čemer je oznaka prikazana vsaj 5 metrov preden vozilo pride vštric s prikazovalno enoto, pri čemer sta detekcijska enota in prikazovalna enota medsebojno žično ali brezžično povezani, in se prikazovalna enota nahaja vsaj 10 metrov za detekcijsko enoto v smeri vožnje vozil, v kateri se meritev in prikazovanje varnostne razdalje izvaja.The LED of the display unit showing the appropriateness of the safety distance with the "suitable distance" mark and the "unsuitable distance" mark, where the mark is displayed at least 5 meters before the vehicle collides with the display unit, where the detection unit and the display unit are connected to each other by wire or wireless connected, and the display unit is located at least 10 meters behind the detection unit in the direction of travel of the vehicles in which the measurement and display of the safety distance is performed.
Slika 1 prikazuje detekcijsko enoto D po izvedbenem primeru, kjer je znotraj ohišja s steklom 5 nameščena kamera 2 ter IR reflektor 3, katerih pozicija se ujema s steklom 5. Kamera 2 in IR reflektor 3 se napajata preko napajalnika ali pretvornika 4 k, pretvarja 12V/220V v 5V ali preko računalnika 1. Napajalnik ali pretvornik 4 in kamera 2 sta povezana z računalnikom 1, ki procesira podatke in kontrolira metodo zaznavanja primernosti varnostne razdalje med vozili.Figure 1 shows the detection unit D according to the implementation example, where a camera 2 and an IR reflector 3 are installed inside the housing with glass 5, the position of which corresponds to the glass 5. Camera 2 and IR reflector 3 are powered by a power supply or a 4 k converter, converting 12V /220V to 5V or via computer 1. Power supply or converter 4 and camera 2 are connected to computer 1, which processes data and controls the method of detecting the appropriateness of the safety distance between vehicles.
Sistem ustvari navidezno točko, daljico ali premico prečno na cestišče in spremlja cas, ko prvo vozilo prevozi to točko, daljico ali premico in čas, ko se novo vozilo dotakne te iste točke, daljice oziroma premice. Preračun razdalje med voziloma sistem naredi na osnovi časa, ki mine med prečkanjem vnaprej določene navidezne točke, daljice ali premice na cesti enega vozila in drugega vozila. Če je čas med prečkanji navidezne točke, daljice ali premice krajši od dveh sekund, se na prikazovalni enoti prikaže znak »neprimerna razdalja«, če pa med prečkanji navidezne točke, daljice ali premice mineta več kot dve sekundi, prikazovalna enota prikaže znak »primerna razdalja«.The system creates a virtual point, distance or line across the road and monitors the time when the first vehicle passes this point, distance or line and the time when the new vehicle touches this same point, distance or line. The system calculates the distance between the two vehicles on the basis of the time that elapses between crossing a predetermined virtual point, distance or straight line on the road of one vehicle and another vehicle. If the time between the crossings of the virtual point, distance or line is less than two seconds, the display unit displays the sign "inappropriate distance", but if more than two seconds pass between the crossings of the virtual point, distance or line, the display unit displays the sign "suitable distance ".
Sistem lahko meri razdaljo na dva različna načina:The system can measure distance in two different ways:
merjenje v sprednji del vozil, kjer je kamera oziroma detekcijska enota obrnjena proti smeri vožnje in snema vozila v njihov sprednji (čelni del), in merjenje v zadnji del vozil, kjer je kamera oziroma detekcijska enota obrnjena v smeri vožnje in snema vozila v njihov zadnji del.measurement in the front part of vehicles, where the camera or detection unit is facing the direction of travel and records vehicles in their front (frontal part), and measurement in the rear part of vehicles, where the camera or detection unit is turned in the direction of travel and records vehicles in their rear part.
Slika 2 prikazuje postavitev detekcijske enote D za merjenje v zadnji del vozil, medtem ko slika 3 prikazuje postavitev detekcijske enote D za merjenje v sprednji del vozil. V obeh primerih sta detekcijska enota D in LED prikazovalnik P postavljena na drog 7D in 7P, med katerima je vnaprej določena razdalja, ki je vsaj 10 m, višina detekcijske enote D je vsaj 2 m, LED prikazovalnika P pa od 2,5 do 5 m. Obe enoti sta postavljeni na desni strani vozišča C v smeri vožnje. Princip z analizo pikslov navidezne daljice, premice ali točke je v obeh primerih enak.Figure 2 shows the placement of the detection unit D for measurement in the rear part of the vehicles, while Figure 3 shows the placement of the detection unit D for measurement in the front part of the vehicles. In both cases, the detection unit D and the LED display P are placed on the pole 7D and 7P, between which there is a predetermined distance of at least 10 m, the height of the detection unit D is at least 2 m, and the LED display P is from 2.5 to 5 m. Both units are placed on the right side of carriageway C in the direction of travel. The principle with pixel analysis of virtual distance, line or point is the same in both cases.
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| DE2723584A1 (en) | 1977-05-25 | 1978-11-30 | Mitec Moderne Ind Gmbh | Measuring device for speed and for mean distance between vehicles - has laser range finder, memory and logic unit making information available |
| JPH04165500A (en) | 1990-10-29 | 1992-06-11 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Vehicle speed space between vehicles measurement warning display device |
| US9715827B2 (en) * | 2015-04-01 | 2017-07-25 | Misapplied Sciences, Inc. | Multi-view traffic signage |
| KR102067006B1 (en) * | 2018-02-05 | 2020-03-02 | 트라웍스(주) | System and Method for Managing Vehicle Running Information |
| DE102019107279A1 (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2020-09-24 | Jenoptik Robot Gmbh | Method and device for recognizing a traffic law violation by falling below a permissible distance between a following vehicle and a leading vehicle |
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